The purpose of this paper is to compare the safety characteristics of an accelerator driven metal fueled fast system to a critical core on a consistent basis to determine how these characteristics are affected solely by subcritically of the system. To acc...

Thermal neutron reactor (LWR), fast neutron reactor (FBR), accelerator- driven subcritical system have been studied as the potential transmutation devices. Oxide fuel is considered in LWR and metal, oxide, and nitride fuels are studied in FBR. In accelera...

Plutonium recycle in fast reactors, as well as utilization/transmutation of minor actinides and long-lived fission products in hybrid reactor systems (e.g. accelerator driven systems, ADS) offer promising nuclear fuel backend management options. Several R&D programs in various IAEA Member ...

Programme A. Nuclear Power Subprogramme A.4 Technology Development for Advanced Reactor Lines. Project A.4.02: Technology advances in fast reactors and accelerator driven systems CRP Title: Analysis and Materials Technologies Subprogramme B.2 Nuclear Power Reactor Fuel Engineering Project B.2.01: Supporting

In November 1996, SKB started financing of the project 'System and safety studies of accelerator driven transmutation systems and development of a spallation target'. The aim of the project was stated as: (1) Development of a complete code for simulation ...

A sudden drop in power after a beam interruption leads to thermal fatigue effects in structural components in the blanket of an accelerator driven system. These thermal fatigue effects limit component lifetimes. A sudden return to power after a beam inter...

There is renewed interest in using accelerator driven neutron sources to address the problem of high-level long-lived nuclear waste. Several laboratories have developed systems that may have a significant impact on the future use of nuclear power, adding ...

The report includes 31 individual contributions by experts from six countries and two international organizations in different areas of the accelerator driven transmutation technology intended to be applied for the treatment of highly radioactive waste an...

The purpose of this paper is to compare the safety characteristics of an accelerator driven metal-fueled fast system to a critical core on a consistent basis to determine how these characteristics are affected solely by subcriticality of the system. To accomplish this, an accelerator proton ...

The purpose of this paper is to compare the safety characteristics of an accelerator driven metal fueled fast system to a critical core on a consistent basis to determine how these characteristics are affected solely by subcritically of the system. To accomplish this an accelerator proton ...

Liquid lead and lead-bismuth have drawn the attention as one of the candidate coolants of the fast breeder reactors (FBRs), and the accelerator driven transmutation systems (ADSs). In order to use the coolant to the systems, the physical and chemical characteristics of the heavy metals are ...

The US policy on the disposition of weapons and commercial plutonium by geologic storage is examined and compared with destruction in reactors or accelerator-driven systems. The close coupling with Russian weapons plutonium is considered. Strong emphasis is placed on the preference by terrorists and rogue states for commercial plutonium over weapons plutonium for ...

Fissile fuel can be produced at a high rate using an accelerator driven Pu fueled fast reactor operated at deep subcriticality; this approach avoids encountering a shortage of Pu during a high rate of growth in the production of nuclear energy. Slightly reducing the acceleration field minimizes the tripping of the beam and the ...

We are continuing with the development of fast ({approx} 12 MeV) neutron imaging techniques for use in NDE applications. Our goal is to develop a neutron imaging system capable of detecting sub-mm-scale cracks, cubic-mm-scale voids and other structural defects in heavily-shielded low-Z materials within thick sealed objects. The final ...

We are proceeding with the development of fast (~12 MeV) neutron imaging techniques for use in NDE applications. Our goal is to develop a neutron imaging system capable of detecting sub-mm-scale cracks, cubic-mm-scale voids and other structural defects in heavily-shielded low-Z materials within thick sealed objects. The final system ...

We describe the power production process in Accelerator Driven Sub-critical systems employing Thorium-232 and Uranium-238 as fuel and examine the demands on the power of the accelerator required.

We describe the power production process in Accelerator Driven Sub-critical systems employing Thorium-232 and Uranium-238 as fuel and examine the demands on the power of the accelerator required.

Fissile fuel can be produced at a high rate using an accelerator-driven Pu-fueled subcritical fast reactor which avoids encountering a shortage of Pu during a high growth rate in the production of nuclear energy. Furthermore, the necessity of the early in...

Generation IV focuses research for advanced nuclear reactors on six concepts. Three of these concepts, the lead, gas and sodium fast reactors (LFR, GFR and SFR) have fast neutron spectra, whereas a fourth, the super-critical water reactor (SCWR), can be configured to have a fast spectrum. Such fast neutron spectra ...

The actinide management has become a key issue in nuclear energy. Recovering and fissioning transuranium elements reduce the long-term proliferation risks and the environmental burden. The better way of waste management will be made by system symbiosis: a combination of light-water reactor and fast reactor and/or accelerator-driven ...

A demonstration facility for Accelerator Driven Systems has been proposed to be constructed at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna. The Subcritical Assembly in Dubna project proposes to couple an existing proton accelerator of 660 MeV and 1 ?A current with a specially designed U-Pu MOX subcritical core. Project objectives, ...

The paper summarizes fuel cycle strategies which can call for the development of accelerator driven systems (ADS) and shows how an ADS-based transmutation strategy can be envisaged in a regional context. Finally, a path towards the demonstration of the ADS concept will be proposed, which accounts for the need of developing a consistent ...

To study control and safety of accelerator driven nuclear systems, a one point kinetic model was developed and programed. It deals with fast transients as a function of reactivity insertion. Doppler feedback, and the intensity of an external neutron source. The model allows for a simultaneous calculation of an ...

Accurate and reliable neutron capture cross section data for actinides are necessary for the proper design, safety regulation and precise performance assessment of transmutation devices such as Fast Critical Reactors or Accelerator Driven Systems. In particular, the neutron capture cross sections of 237Np, 240Pu ...

Accurate and reliable neutron-capture cross-section data for actinides are necessary for the proper design, safety regulation, and precise performance assessment of transmutation devices such as Fast Critical Reactors or Accelerator Driven Systems. In particular, the neutron-capture cross sections of 237Np, 240Pu, ...

A growing interest in accelerator-driven systems (ADSs) has led to the establishment in Italy of a basic research and development program aimed at the study of the physics and technological development needed to design an ADS for nuclear waste transmutation. In the framework of this program, ENEA and Politecnico di Torino are carrying out some neutronic analyses focused on an ...

This document is complementary to a document produced by Prof. Salvatores on ''The Physics of Transmutation in Critical or Subcritical Reactors and the Impact on the Fuel Cycle''. In that document, Salvatores describes the fundamental of transmutation, through basic physics properties and general parametric studies. In the present document we try to go one step ...

Kinetic calculations were made to show that subcritical accelerator driven devices are robust and stable. The calculations show that large changes in reactivity that would lead to an uncontrollable excursion in a reactor would lead only to a new power level in a subcritical device. Calculations were also made to show the rate of power changes resulting ...

Kinetic calculations were made to show that subcritical accelerator driven devices are robust and stable. The calculations show that large changes in reactivity that would lead to an uncontrollable excursion in a reactor would lead only to a new power level in subcritical device. Calculations were also made to show the rate of power changes resulting from ...

A novel computer code is being developed to generate system level designs of radiofrequency ion accelerators with specific applications to machines of interest to Accelerator Driven Transmutation Technologies (ADTT). The goal of the Accelerator System Mod...

This paper reports the continued evaluation of the attractiveness of materials mixtures containing special nuclear materials (SNM) associated with various proposed nuclear fuel cycles. Specifically, this paper examines two closed fuel cycles. The first fuel cycle examined is a thorium fuel cycle in which a pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) is fueled with mixtures of plutonium/thorium and {sup ...

This paper provides a brief overview of the Los Alamos accelerator-driven transmutation system, a description of the pyrochemistry technology base and the fuel cycle for the system. The pyrochemistry technology base consists of four processes: direct oxide reduction, reductive extraction, electrorefining, and electrowinning. Each ...

The growing stockpile of nuclear waste constitutes a severe challenge for the mankind for more than hundred thousand years. To reduce the radiotoxicity of the nuclear waste, the Accelerator Driven System (ADS) has been proposed. One of the most important ...

For the Thermophysical analysis of the Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) an simplified model of ADS core was used. The neutron flux was calculated by means of diffusion theory for subcritical homogeneous reactor with an external neutron source. From this result the distribution of the heat sources was found and next the distribution of ...

Accelerator-driven systems for fissile materials production have been proposed and studied since the early 1950s. Recent advances in beam power levels for small accelerators have raised the possibility that such use could be feasible for a potential proli...

A new concept for an accelerator-driven transmutation system is described. The central feature of the concept is generation of intense fluxes of thermal neutrons. In the system all long-lived radionuclides comprising high-level nuclear waste can be transm...

The objective of this project has been to develop computational methods that will enable more effective analysis of Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS). The work is centered at the University of Missouri at Rolla, with a subcontract at Northwestern Universit...

The YALINA-Booster experiments and analyses are part of the collaboration between Argonne National Laboratory of USA and the Joint Institute for Power & Nuclear Research - SOSNY of Belarus for studying the physics of accelerator driven systems for nuclear...

Accelerator-driven transmutation technology has been under study at Los Alamos for several years for application to nuclear waste treatment, tritium production, energy generation, and recently, to the disposition of excess weapons plutonium. Studies and e...

The Los Alamos Accelerator Transmutation of Nuclear Waste (ATW) concept uses an accelerator driven neutron source (target) surrounded by a moderator and multiplying medium (blanket) for the transmutation of actinide and fission product waste. The referenc...

I present here an overview of the main research and development topics and activities under investigation in Europe for the design of high power superconducting linear proton accelerators as drivers for nuclear waste transmutation in Accelerator Driven Systems.

A new concept termed ADAPT for the rapid and virtually complete burning of plutonium is described. ADAPT employs a high current CW linear accelerator (linac) to generate neutrons in a lead/D.0 target. The neutrons are then absorbed in a surrounding subcri...

The YALINA-Booster experiments and analyses are part of the collaboration between Argonne National Laboratory of USA and the Joint Institute for Power & Nuclear Research - SOSNY of Belarus for studying the physics of accelerator driven systems for nuclear energy applications using low enriched uranium. The YALINA-Booster ...

Thermal response of the multiplier of an accelerator driven system to beam trips has been calculated for sodium cooled and lead-bismuth cooled multipliers. The temperature transients caused by a beam trip lead to thermal fatigue in structural components, and restoring the beam causes an additional temperature transient that adds to ...

Hybrid reactors (Accelerator Driven Sub-critical Systems, ADS), coupling an accelerator with a target and a sub-critical reactor, could simultaneously burn minor actinides and transmute long-lived fission products, while producing a consistent amount of electrical energy. A group of Italian research and development (R&D) ...

Accelerator-driven systems for fissile materials production have been proposed and studied since the early 1950s. Recent advances in beam power levels for small accelerators have raised the possibility that such use could be feasible for a potential proliferator. The objective of this study is to review the state of technology development for ...

Since 1998, SCK�CEN, Mol, Belgium, - in partnership with many European research laboratories - is designing a multipurpose Accelerator Driven System for R&D applications - MYRRHA. In parallel, an associated R&D support program is being conducted. MYRRHA aims to serve as a basis for the European experimental ADS providing ...

One of the main SCKCEN research facility, namely BR2, is nowadays arriving at an age of 40 years just like the major materials testing reactors (MTR) in the world and in Europe (i.e. BR2 (B-Mol), HFR (EU-Petten), OSIRIS (F-Saclay), R2 (S-Studsvik)). The MYRRHA facility in planning has been conceived as potentially replacing BR2 and to be a fast spectrum facility complementary ...

One of the main SCK�CEN research facility, namely BR2, is nowadays arriving at an age of 40 years just like the major materials testing reactors (MTR) in the world and in Europe (i.e. BR2 (B-Mol), HFR (EU-Petten), OSIRIS (F-Saclay), R2 (S-Studsvik)). The MYRRHA facility in planning has been conceived as potentially replacing BR2 and to be a fast spectrum facility ...

There is renewed interest in using accelerator driven neutron sources to address the problem of high-level long-lived nuclear waste. Several laboratories have developed systems that may have a significant impact on the future use of nuclear power, adding options for dealing with long-lived actinide wastes and fission products, and for ...

A series of basic experiments for an accelerator driven subcritical reactor (ADSR) has been performed at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) by combining a critical assembly with a Cockcroft-Walton type accelerator in view of a future plan to establish a new neutron source for research. By injecting 14 MeV neutrons into the subcritical assembly, ...

An accelerator driven system (ADS) for transmutation of nuclear waste typically requires a 600 MeV 1 GeV accelerator delivering a proton flux of a few mA for demonstrators, and of a few tens of mA for large industrial systems. Such a machine belongs to the category of the high-power proton accelerators, with an ...

In a high intensity proton accelerator complex comprising a linac and a ring, a beam chopper is often necessary in order to reduce the beam loss during injection from the linac to the ring. The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) front end incorporates a pre-chopper in the Low Energy Beam Transport line (LEBT) that will remove a 530 ns section of beam at approximately 1 MHz rate. Physical ...

We outline the strategy and constraints adopted for the design of medium-power lead-alloy-cooled actinide-burning reactors that strive for a lower cost than accelerator-driven systems and for robust safety. Reduced cost is pursued through the use of (1) a modular design and maximum power rating to capitalize on an economy of scale within the constraints ...

We outline the strategy and constraints adopted for the design of medium-power lead-alloy-cooled actinide-burning reactors that strive for a lower cost than accelerator-driven systems and for robust safety. Reduced cost is pursued through the use of (1) a modular design and maximum power rating to capitalize on an economy of scale within the constraints ...

A key roadblock to development of additional nuclear power capacity is a concern over management of nuclear waste. Nuclear waste is predominantly comprised of used fuel discharged from operating nuclear reactors. The roughly 100 operating US reactors currently produce about 20% of the US electricity and will create about 87,000 tons of such discharged or ``spent'' fuel over the course of their ...

As part of the effort to investigate the use of an electron accelerator driven system for TRU transmutation, the effects of TRU distributions in the core on transmuter system performance was examined in this paper. The system performance examined includes the transmutation and ...

that high pressure operation is necessary to ensure heat removal. Typically fast helium-cooled reactors the radial power peaking factor. At beginning of life ~BOL!, the reflector is loaded with boron carbide for reactivity loss, boron carbide absorber assemblies in the reflector are replaced with steel pin assemblies

Among different heavy liquid metals, lead (Pb) and lead bismuth eutectic (Pb Bi) are considered at present as the potential candidates for the liquid spallation targets of neutron sources and accelerated driven systems and for the coolant of new generation fast reactors due to their very good neutron and thermal ...

The APT project office is conducting a preconceptual design study for an accelerator driven concept to produce tritium. The facility will require new technology in many areas, since the scale of this accelerator is significantly larger then any in operation to date. The facility is composed of four subsystems: accelerator, target & blanket, balance of ...

A neutron imaging facility, PKUNIFTY, based on a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator-driven compact neutron source, presently under construction at the Peking University, is described. It consists of a deuteron linear accelerator, a neutron target-moderator-reflector assembly, and a thermal neutron imaging system. Neutrons are generated via the ...

The purpose of the task was to assess the effect of potential new technologies, nuclear and non-nuclear, on safeguards needs and non-proliferation policies, and to explore possible solutions to some of the problems envisaged. Eight subdivisions were considered: New Enrichment Technologies; Non-Aqueous Reprocessing Technologies; Fusion; Accelerator-Driven Reactor ...

Neutron-induced fission cross-sections of minor actinides have been measured at the white neutron source n_TOF at CERN, Geneva. The studied isotopes include 233U, interesting for Th/U based nuclear fuel cycles, 241,243Am and 245Cm, relevant for transmutation and waste reduction studies in new generation fast reactors (Gen-IV) or Accelerator ...

The dependence of mechanical properties of ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels on irradiation temperature is of interest because these steels are used as structural materials for fast, fusion reactors and accelerator driven systems. Experimental data demonstrating temperature peaks in physical and mechanical ...

One can design a critical system with fissile material in the form of a thin layer on the inner surface of a cylindrical neutron moderator such as graphite or beryllium. Recently, we have investigated the properties of critical and near critical systems based on the use of thin actinide layers of uranium, plutonium and americium. The thickness of the ...

The rapid development of the accelerator technology which enables the construction of reliable and very intense neutron sources has initiated a growing interest for accelerator driven transmutation systems in Sweden. After the Specialist Meeting on Accelerator-Driven Transmutation Technology for Radwaste and other Applications on 24-28 ...

A flux-coupled stack of superconducting isochronous cyclotrons could be used to drive thorium-cycle fission power. The 800 MeV proton beams produce fast neutrons through spallation, then the fast neutrons transmute the thorium into uranium and drive fission. The thorium reactor would provide GW electric power, eat its own long-lived waste, run for 7 years ...

The growing stockpile of nuclear waste constitutes a severe challenge for the mankind for more than hundred thousand years. To reduce the radiotoxicity of the nuclear waste, the Accelerator Driven System (ADS) has been proposed. One of the most important issues of ADSs technology is the choice of the appropriate neutron spectrum for ...

In order to establish a simple and common basis which can be referred for the specific studies on the fission products (FP) transmutation and its strategies, the general characteristics of the dominant individual FPs in terms of their production and transmutation in the fast reactor have been studied with an ideal model in the present paper. The potential hazard of each ...

A sudden drop in power after a beam interruption leads to thermal fatigue effects in structural components in the blanket of an accelerator driven system. These thermal fatigue effects limit component lifetimes. A sudden return to power after a beam interruption can contribute significant additional thermal fatigue and greatly reduce ...

The objective of this project has been to develop computational methods that will enable more effective analysis of Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS). The work is centered at the University of Missouri at Rolla, with a subcontract at Northwestern University, and close cooperation with the Nuclear Engineering Division at Argonne National ...

INL LDRD funded research was conducted at MIT to experimentally characterize mixed convection heat transfer in gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) core channels in collaboration with INL personnel. The GFR for Generation IV has generated considerable interest and is under development in the U.S., France, and Japan. One of the key candidates is a block-core configuration first ...

Neutron yield and energy production in a very large, practically infinite, uranium and thorium target-blocks irradiated by protons with energies in the range 0.1-2 GeV are studied by Monte Carlo method. Though the comparison of uranium and thorium targets shows that the neutron yield in the latter is 30-40 % less and the energy gain is approximatelly two times smaller, ...

As a prior option of the next generation of energy source, the accelerator driven subcritical nuclear power system (ADS) can use efficiently the uranium and thorium resource, transmute the high-level long-lived radioactive wastes and raise nuclear safety. The ADS accelerator should provide the proton beam with tens megawatts. The ...

Experiments were performed at the Nuclear Engineering Teaching Laboratory (NETL) in 2005 and 2006 in which a 20 MeV linear electron accelerator operating as a photoneutron source was coupled to the TRIGA (Training, Research, Isotope production, General Atomics) Mark II research reactor at the University of Texas at Austin (UT) to simulate the operation and characteristics of a full-scale ...

Accelerator Driven System (ADS) has been studied to transmute minor actinides (MA) discharged from spent fuel of commercial nuclear power plants. In Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), various R and D for an 800 MWt, lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled ADS have been performed. The feasibility for the ADS is discussed in the present study ...

As a prior option of the next generation of energy source, the accelerator driven subcritical nuclear power system (ADS) can use efficiently the uranium and thorium resource, transmute the high-level long-lived radioactive wastes and raise nuclear safety. The ADS accelerator should provide the proton beam with tens megawatts. The ...

An Accelerator Driven System (ADS) for transmutation of nuclear waste typically requires a 600 MeV - 1 GeV accelerator delivering a proton flux of a few mA for demonstrators, and a few tens of mA for large industrial systems. This high power accelerator requires an exceptional reliability: because of the induced ...

Nearly all risks to future generations arising from long-term disposal of used nuclear fuel are attributable to the transuranic elements and long-lived fission products, about 2% of its content. The transuranic elements of concern are plutonium, neptunium, americium, and curium. Long-lived (>100,000-year half-life) isotopes of iodine and technetium are also created by nuclear fission of ...

Subcritical Assembly in Dubna (SAD), a project funded by the International Science and Technology Centre, driven in collaboration with many European partners, may become the first Accelerator Driven Subcritical experiment coupling an existing proton accelerator of 660 MeV with a compact MQX-fuelled subcritical core. The main objective of the SAD experiment ...

Linear accelerator breeders (LAB) could be used to produce fissile fuel in two modes, either with fuel reprocessing or without fuel reprocessing. With fuel reprocessing, the fissile would be separated from the target and refabricated into a fuel element for use in a burner power reactor. Without reprocessing, the fissile material would be produced in-situ, either in a fresh fuel element or in a ...

A number of nuclear physics issues concerning the Los Alamos molten-salt, accelerator-driven plutonium converter are discussed. General descriptions of several concepts using internal and external moderation are presented. Burnup and salt processing requirement calculations are presented for four concepts, indicating that both the high power density externally moderated ...

A number of nuclear physics issues concerning the Los Alamos molten-salt, accelerator-driven plutonium converter are discussed. General descriptions of several concepts using internal and external moderation are presented. Burnup and salt processing requirement calculations are presented for four concepts, indicating that both the high power density externally moderated ...

A number of nuclear physics issues concerning the Los Alamos molten-salt accelerator-driven plutonium converter are discussed. General descriptions of several concepts using internal and external moderation are presented. Burnup and salt processing requirement calculations are presented for four concepts, indicating that both the high power density externally moderated concept ...

The LAHET Code System (LCS) is extensively used for medium energy accelerator applications, including spallation target design and deep penetration shielding problems. Current applications include Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT), Accelerator Driven Transmutation Technologies (ADTT), LANSCE and WNR spallation target upgrades, as ...

Transmutation is a worldwide promising and feasible technology for significant reduction of the amount, and thereby, the long-term radiotoxicity of highly radioactive wastes produced by the operation of nuclear power plants such as light water reactors. Plutonium, minor actinides and long-live fission products can be transmuted in an Accelerator Driven ...

The Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) program is addressing key issues associated with critical national needs. This paper compares the major options with these major �outcome� objectives - waste geological repository capacity and cost, energy security and sustainability, proliferation resistance, fuel cycle economics, and safety as well as �process� objectives associated with ...

The Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) program is addressing key issues associated with critical national needs. This paper compares the major options with these major �outcome� objectives - waste geological repository capacity and cost, energy security and sustainability, proliferation resistance, fuel cycle economics, and safety as well as �process� objectives associated with ...

The Backward Theory of Feynman- and Rossi-Alpha Methods with Multiple Emission Sources I. P�zsit October 26, 1998 Accepted February 3, 1999 Abstract � The Feynman- and Rossi-alpha formulas are calculated accelerator-driven subcritical systems (ADS), such as the energy amplifier. The Feynman- and Rossi

A linear accelerator for the driver of a mu-mu collider can easily be based on operating characteristics of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) linac, or can incorporate many of the advances that have been realized from the Accelerator Driven Transmutation Technologies (ADTT) studies, from the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) ...

Lead-Bismuth Eutectic and Tungsten are under consideration as target materials with high-energy protons for generating neutrons to drive actinide and fission product transmuters. A detailed characterization has been performed to study the performance of t...

Sifnificant high-current, high-intensity accelerator research and development have been done in the recent past in the US, centered primarily at Los Alamos National Laboratory. These efforts have included designs for the Accelerator Production of Tritium Project, Accelerator Transmutation of Waste, and Accelerator Driven Systems, as ...

All Accelerator-Driven Transmutation applications require very large amounts of RF Power. For example, one version of a Plutonium burning system requires an 800-MeV, 80-mA, proton accelerator running at 100% duty factor. This accelerator requires approxim...

The work is aimed at measurements and computer simulations of independent and cumulative yields of residual product nuclei in thin targets relevant as target materials and structure materials for hybrid accelerator-driven systems coupled to high-energy proton accelerators.

High intensity proton accelerators have two important applications in China in recent years: Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System for nuclear waste transmutation and China Spallation Neutron Source. This paper focuses on the R&D activities of the key technology of high intensity proton accelerators in China, including the normal ...

Recent advances in accelerator technology have led to the practical realization of high-power beams. When coupled with high-power spallation target technology, these systems offer a more environmentally-friendly method of producing neutrons than reactors. We will focus our attention here on the application of spallation technology to the Accelerator Production of Tritium ...

facility (in 7 years) -- ESS�I Eur. spallation neutron source for n�spectroscopy -- Eur. XFEL hard X of spallation neutron sources, transmutation of nuclear waste in accelerator driven systems [21], and shielding, Oct.17�22nd, Tsukuba, Japan (1999) 8. Spallation Neutron Source SNS, http://www.ornl.gov/sns/ 9. C

Since the beginning of Nuclear Energy Development, Thorium was considered as a potential fuel, mainly due to the potential to produce fissile uranium 233. Several Th/U fuel cycles, using thermal and fast reactors were proposed, such as the Radkwoski once through fuel cycle for PWR and VVER, the thorium fuel cycles for CANDU Reactors, the utilization in Molten Salt Reactors, ...

The coupling between an accelerator, a spallation target and a subcritical core has been studied for the first time at SCK�CEN in collaboration with Ion Beam Applications (IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve) in the frame of the ADONIS project (1995-1997). ADONIS was a small irradiation facility, based on the ADS concept, having a dedicated objective to produce radioisotopes for medical purposes and more ...

Since 1998, SCK*CEN, in partnership with IBA s.a. and many European research laboratories, is designing a multipurpose accelerator driven system (ADS) for Research and Development (R&D) applications-MYRRHA-and is conducting an associated R&D support programme. MYRRHA is an ADS under development at Mol in Belgium and is aiming ...

A reliable modeling of GeV proton-induced spallation reactions is indispensable for the design of the spallation module and the target station of future accelerator driven hybrid reactors (ADS) or spallation neutron sources (ESS), in particular, to provide precise predictions for the neutron production, the radiation damage of materials (window), and the ...

A long-term strategy based on existing technological, ecological, economical, and geopolitical realities is urgently needed to develop a sustainable energy economy, which should be designed with adaptability to unpredicted changes in any of these aspects. While only a highly diverse energy portfolio and conservation can ultimately guarantee optimum sustainability, based on a comparison of current ...

The purpose of the U.S. Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI), now within the broader context of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP), is to develop and demonstrate the technologies needed to transmute the long-lived transuranic isotopes contained in spent nuclear fuel into shorter-lived fission products. Success in this undertaking could potentially dramatically decrease the volume of ...

The U. S. Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) seeks to develop and demonstrate the technologies needed to transmute the long-lived transuranic actinide isotopes contained in spent nuclear fuel into shorter-lived fission products, thereby dramatically decreasing the volume of material requiring disposition and the long-term radiotoxity and heat load of high-level waste sent to a geologic ...

The U. S. Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) seeks to develop and demonstrate the technologies needed to transmute the long-lived transuranic actinide isotopes contained in spent nuclear fuel into shorter-lived fission products, thereby dramatically decreasing the volume of material requiring disposition and the long-term radiotoxity and heat load of high-level waste sent to a geologic ...

TRASCO-ADS is a national funded program in which INFN, ENEA, and Italian industries work on the design of an accelerator driven subcritical system for nuclear waste transmutation. TRASCO is the Italian acronym for Transmutation (TRAsmutazione) of Waste (SCOrie). One of the most critical aspects in the design of an ...

While the potential hazards posed by large particle accelerator driven spallation targets are greatly reduced in comparison to nuclear reactors capable of similar neutron production levels, they are significant, and require a safety-by-design approach to ensure there is little likelihood of accidental releases of target materials. Most postulated accident ...

Measurements have been made of the neutron production in prototypic targets for accelerator driven systems. Studies were conducted on four target assemblies containing lead, lithium, tungsten, and a thorium-salt mixture. Integral data on total neutron production were obtained as well as more differential data on neutron leakage and ...

The impact of a number of current and future nuclear systems on global plutonium inventories is assessed under realistic forecasts of nuclear power growth. Advanced systems, such as those employing Accelerator Driven Transmutation Technologies (ADTT) and liquid metal reactors, show significant promise for meeting ...

This paper describes considerations for selection of structural and target materials for accelerator-driven neutron sources. Due to the operating constraints of proposed accelerator-driven neutron sources, the criteria for selection are different than those commonly applied to fission and fusion systems. Established irradiation performance of various alloy ...

This paper describes considerations for selection of structural and target materials for accelerator-driven neutron sources. Due to the operating constraints of proposed accelerator-driven neutron sources, the criteria for selection are different than those commonly applied to fission and fusion systems. Established irradiation performance of various alloy ...

This paper describes considerations for selection of structural and target materials for accelerator-driven neutron sources. Due to the operating constraints of proposed accelerator-driven neutron sources, the criteria for selection are different than those commonly applied to fission and fusion systems. Established irradiation performance of various alloy ...

The main purpose of this paper is to present the current status of development of the Lead-cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) in Generation IV (GEN IV), including the European contribution, to identify needed R&D and to present the corresponding GEN IV International Forum (GIF) R&D plan [1] to support the future development and deployment of lead-cooled ...

In recent years, there has been an increasing worldwide interest in accelerator driven systems (ADS) due to their perceived superior safety characteristics and their potential for burning actinides and long-lived fission products. Indian interest in ADS has an additional dimension, which is related to our planned large-scale thorium ...

Studies in nuclear energy and transmutation of radioactive waste require neutron data for conceptual and performance studies, to determine the viability of advanced ideas such as an Accelerator Driven System and to fix the safety margins of any new concepts. IRMM's neutron data-measurement program addresses data needs ...

Studies in nuclear energy and transmutation of radioactive waste require neutron data for conceptual and performance studies, to determine the viability of advanced ideas such as an Accelerator Driven System and to fix the safety margins of any new concepts. IRMM's neutron data-measurement program addresses data needs associated with ...

In order to investigate the fluid dynamic mechanisms of the gas driven circulation, with reference to the accelerator driven systems (ADS), an experimental research with water driven by air injected at the inlet of the vertical riser in an adiabatic test rig has been carried out. The present experimental apparatus consists essentially ...

Molten salts are considered within the Very High Temperature Reactor program as heat transfer media because of their intrinsically favorable thermo-physical properties at temperatures starting from 300 C and extending up to 1200 C. In this context two main applications of molten salt are considered, both involving fluoride-based materials: as primary coolants for a heterogeneous fuel reactor core ...

A study of the properties of the neutron production target for the China accelerator-driven system induced from 150-MeV incident proton energy and a 3-mA beam current is performed. The selection of the material and geometry design for the target; the physics properties of the target involved in this work including the neutron yield, energy, and space ...

In the frame of international concern about long-lived nuclear waste, the construction of an effective accelerator driven system for the transmutation or incineration of fission products and actinides is a promising task. A spallation source consisting of a Pb target surrounded by paraffin moderator was studied by irradiation with ...

The TRiga Accelerator-Driven Experiment (TRADE), to be performed in the TRIGA reactor of the ENEA-Casaccia Centre in Italy, consists of the coupling of an external proton accelerator to a target to be installed in the central channel of the reactor scrammed to subcriticality. This pilot experiment, aimed at a global demonstration of the accelerator-driven ...

The most challenging issue to realize an accelerator for an Accelerator Driven Sub-critical Reactor system (ADSR) is the handling of high intensity beam�more than 1 mA. For such an application, FFAG is one of most promising candidates. To take advantage of the FFAG as a high intensity accelerator, efficient injection/extraction and ...

An important ingredient in the performance of accelerator driven systems for energy production, waste transmutation and other applications are the number of spallation neutrons produced per incident proton. The neutron multiplicities, angular and energy distributions are usually calculated using simulation codes. We have presented ...

This article presents the different activity of Ingot niobium in BARC. BARC is developing a technology for the accelerator driven subcritical system (ADSS) that will be mainly utilized for the transmutation of nuclear waste and enrichment of U233. Design and development of superconducting medium velocity cavity has been taken up as a ...

This work intends to be a starting point for the extension of the TRANSURANUS fuel rod performance code to the modelling of the T91 steel, which is designed to be the cladding material in LBE (lead-bismuth eutectic) accelerator-driven systems (ADS). On the basis of the experimental data available in the recent literature on LBE and T91, a preliminary ...

Design and development of superconducting (SC) cavity having {beta}{sub g}>0.42 has been taken up as a part of the accelerator driven subcritical system project. An input coupler is designed for the SC, elliptical cavity operating at 1.056 GHz, using the Kroll-Yu method. The evaluation procedure is optimized and the method has ...

This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Accelerator Driven Transmutation Technology (ADTT) offers a means of generating nuclear energy in a clean, safe way that can be attractive to the general public. However, there are issues associated with the ...

Nuclear waste management involves many issues. ATW is an option that can assist a repository by enhancing its capability and thereby assist nuclear waste management. Technology advances and the recent release of liquid metal coolant information from Russia has had an enormous impact on the viability of an ATW system. It now appears economic with many repository enhancing ...

The proposal presents a PLUTONIUM BASED ENERGY AMPLIFIER TESTING CONCEPT which employs a plutonium subcritical assembly and a 660 MeV proton accelerator, operating in the the JINR (Dubna, Russia). To make the present conceptual design of the Plutonium Energy Amplifier we have chosen a nominal unit capacity of 20 kW (thermal). This corresponds to the multiplication coefficient keff between 0.94 and ...

The management of long-lived high-level waste, such as minor actinides (MA) and long-lived fission products (LLFP), is one of the most important issues to be solved for the utilization of the nuclear fission energy. The transmutation project of the radioactive wastes based on an accelerator driven sub-critical (ADS) system is very ...

The potential utilization of near-term tokamak test reactors for nuclear radiation damage evaluation and hardening programs is examined. Physical layouts of the irradiation modules and methods of neutron spectrum tailoring are described. Tokamak fusion generators provide much larger test volume and can give more faithful spectral simulations of thermonuclear threat environments than do ...

A world-class accelerator driven short pulsed neutron source is in the final stages of construction at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A 1.4 MW proton beam at 1 GeV energy directed on a mercury target will free neutrons through spallation reactions that will be moderated to thermal and subthermal energies and serve neutron scattering instruments at up ...

The effect of asymmetric laser pulses on electron yield from a laser wakefield accelerator has been experimentally studied using > 10{sup 19} cm{sup -3} plasmas and a 10 TW, > 45 fs, Ti:Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} laser. Laser pulse shape was controlled through non-linear chirp with a grating pair compressor. Pulses (76 fs FWHM) with a steep rise and positive chirp were found to significantly enhance ...

Today more than ever energy is not only a cornerstone of human development, but also a key to the environmental sustainability of economic activity. In this context, the role of nuclear power may be emphasized in the years to come. Nevertheless, the problems of nuclear waste, safety and proliferation still remain to be solved. It is believed that the use of accelerator-driven ...

From FY 02-05 IAC has been a part of the DOE Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative and its predecessor organization Advanced Accelerator Applications. In the IAC program effort has been divided into three parts; Student Research, Accelerator Driven Nuclear Research and Materials Science. Within the three parts specific research and development activities have ...

In the proposed accelerator driven systems (ADS) the possible use of several milliamperes of protons of about 1 GeV incident on high mass targets like the molten lead--bismuth eutectic is anticipated to pose radiological problems that have so far not been encountered by the radiation protection community. Spallation reaction products ...

A fully self-consistent theory of ferromagnetic waveguide accelerators driven by a relativistic electron beam is developed. The theoretical analysis is based on Faraday's law, which provides a second-order partial-differential equation of the azimuthal magnetic field, under the assumption that [mu][epsilon][much gt]1. Here [mu] and [epsilon] are ...

Molten salts are considered within the Very High Temperature Reactor program as heat transfer media because of their intrinsically favorable thermo-physical properties at temperatures starting from 300 C and extending up to 1200 C. In this context two main applications of molten salt are considered, both involving fluoride-based materials: as primary coolants for a heterogeneous fuel reactor core ...

The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is involved in the analysis of many different types of nuclear systems. The nuclear systems that we have analyzed have included subcritical accelerator driven systems for the transmutation of waste, fusion systems, critical ...

In order to operate accelerator driven subcritical system safely, it is necessary to monitor the subcriticality in real-time. In this paper, we propose a highly accurate real-time subcriticality-monitoring system by combining the existing multiple measurement techniques, a number of neutron detectors, and ...

Recent development work conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory on technologies which use particle accelerator-driven targets is summarized. These efforts include development of the Spallation-Induced Lithium Conversion (SILC) Target for the Accelerat...

Kinetic calculations were made to show that subcritical accelerator driven devices are robust and stable. The calculations show that large changes in reactivity that would lead to an uncontrollable excursion in a reactor would lead only to a new power lev...

This project will analyze and design a novel oblique-detonation-wave (ODW), ram- accelerator-driven propulsion concept for the acceleration of tube-launched ...

... Descriptors : *CARBON DIOXIDE LASERS, LASER APPLICATIONS, RAMAN SCATTERING, ELECTRON ACCELERATORS, LINEAR ...

Since 1991, the CEA has studied the physics of hybrid systems, involving a sub-critical reactor coupled with an accelerator. These studies have provided information on the potential of hybrid systems to transmute actinides and, long lived fission products. The potential of such a system remains to be proven, specifically in terms of ...