Honey bee (Apis mellifera) guards discriminate nestmates from non-nestmates at the hive entrance. The acceptance threshold of guards is known to change adaptively, for example becoming less permissive when the number of intruder bees from other colonies increases. These adaptive shifts can occur within minutes. What is unknown is the mechanism behind this ...

The absolute truth in research is unobtainable, as no evidence or research hypothesis is ever 100% conclusive. Therefore, all data and inferences can in principle be considered as "inconclusive." Scientific inference and decision-making need to take into account errors, which are unavoidable in the research enterprise. The errors can occur at the level of conclusions that aim ...

Spatial variability in risk due to disease and mortality usually is displayed by choropleth maps. Often these maps are accompanied by displaying information if observed results are non-randomly lower or larger than a threshold using classical statistical tests. In this work we study a statistical error which is seldom recognized when applying statistical tests: the Type III ...

Rethinking avian response to Tamarix on the Lower Colorado River: A threshold hypothesis Complete publication (PDF) Journal ... Ret...

Hormesis is a dose-response phenomenon that has received little recognition, credibility and acceptance as evidenced by its absence from major toxicological/risk assessment texts, governmental regulatory dose-response modeling for risk assessment, and non-visibility in major professional toxicological society national meetings. This paper traces the historical evolution of the ...

In the 1920s, Ronald Fisher developed the theory behind the p value and Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson developed the theory of hypothesis testing. These distinct theories have provided researchers important quantitative tools to confirm or refute their hypotheses. The p value is the probability to obtain an effect equal to or more extreme than the one observed presuming the ...

In the 1920s, Ronald Fisher developed the theory behind the p value and Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson developed the theory of hypothesis testing. These distinct theories have provided researchers important quantitative tools to confirm or refute their hypotheses. The p value is the probability to obtain an effect equal to or more extreme than the one observed presuming the ...

The controversial arguments about the existence of "thresholds" for carcinogens are discussed and some conclusions are drawn: (1) The meaning of "threshold" has changed considerably during the last decades. Initially, the discussion focused on the genotoxic properties of chemicals. In dose-response studies the endpoint was tumor incidence. Later, DNA ...

recovery at low dose-rates and does not conflict with the no threshold concept. 2.24 For somatic effects threshold or the hypothesis of no threshold in man at low doses. Depending on the assumptions used, forceful the question of the shape of the dose-response curve at low levels of exposure or the existence of a ...

DOE Order 5633.3 requires that the accountable nuclear material holdings be inventoried at bi-monthly, semi-annual and annual intervals. This paper will describe a sampling plan designed to bound the total inventory difference. It is used in conjunction with a computerized nuclear material accountability system. The computer executes a statistical algorithm for selecting inventory items for ...

... respect to the validity of the linear no-threshold hypothesis for low doses and low dose rates of ionizing radiation. It ... ...

In this thesis, optimality results are presented for Bayesian problems of sequential hypothesis testing. Conditions are given which are sufficient to demonstrate the existence and optimality of threshold policies and others are given which help characteri...

Competence-based theories of island effects play a central role in generative grammar, yet the graded nature of many syntactic islands has never been properly accounted for. Categorical syntactic accounts of island effects have persisted in spite of a wealth of data suggesting that island effects are not categorical in nature and that nonstructural manipulations that leave island structures intact ...

... risk management decisions are made implies that such thresholds exist, there ... few of the factors which can rise or lower a threshold of acceptability ...

... in rangeland ecology and management, then the rangeland profession must accept responsibility for their conceptual development, ecological ... threshold concept was not introduced to the rangeland profess...

The threshold for polyglutamine-expansion protein aggregation and cellular toxicity is dynamic led to a disease hypothesis that protein aggregation and cellular dysfunction can occur at a thresholdQ repeats exhibited a high degree of variation in the appearance of protein aggregates and cellular toxicity

BackgroundThe hypothesis of dosage compensation of genes of the X chromosome, supported by previous microarray studies, was recently challenged by RNA-sequencing data. It was suggested that microarray studies were biased toward an over-estimation of X-linked expression levels as a consequence of the filtering of genes below the detection threshold of ...

... P. Curry, and L. M. Wax. 1997. Grower acceptance of economic thresholds for weed management in Illinois. ... ...

... P. Curry, and L. M. Wax. 1997. Grower acceptance of economic thresholds for weed management in Illinois. ... ...

The authors introduce here a new technique for sorting magnets to minimize the field errors in permanent magnet insertion devices. Simulated annealing has been used in this role, but they find the technique of threshold acceptance produces results of equal quality in less computer time. Threshold accepting would be ...

It has been postulated that immunogenicity results from the overall dissimilarity of pathogenic proteins versus the host proteome. We have sought to use this concept to discriminate between antigens and non-antigens of bacterial origin. Sets of 100 known antigenic and nonantigenic peptide sequences from bacteria were compared to human and mouse proteomes. Both antigenic and non-antigenic sequences ...

... Tests for the other hypotheses are performed in a ... with different depreciation methods to test the effects of ... accepting the null hypothesis when it is ...

The agreement bebveen the hypothesis of Regge poles in quantum field theory and the threshold features of inelastic processes in the s-channel (but not the t-channel) is investigated. Additional information concerning the asymptotic behavior of inelastic processes is obtained on basis of the Regge poles hypothesis. (auth)

this paper is to explain why, although the neoclassical hypothesis is not a tautology, no criticism of that hypothesis will ever be successful. My arguments will be based first on the possible types of theoretical criticism and the logic of those criticisms, and second on the methodological status of the maximization hypothesis in ...

A novel face detection algorithm under hypothesis-verification scheme is presented, which includes three stags: skin region extraction, face candidate generation, and face candidate verification. This algorithm has several advantages: first, the skin chroma chart is fuzzily enhanced, which guarantees better discriminant power; second, through post-processing the extracted skin ...

The recommendations made by Rossi and Mays imply that the risk associated with the current annual dose equivalent limit of 5 rem for all radiations is unacceptably high, that this limit must be reduced by a factor of 10 or more, and that the conservative linear, no threshold hypothesis must be abandoned. It is shown here that these recommendations are not ...

Support for, and a refinement of, the hypothesis that divers hear primarily by bone conduction was provided by Hollien and Brandt. To further test this hypothesis, the thresholds of seven submerged listeners were obtained (at frequencies of 0.25, 0.50, 1....

... a large body of evidence indicating that, at low doses, the �Linear No-Threshold� hypothesis, used in all radiation protection practices, is incorrect. The LNT hypothesis assumes that all doses, no matter ...

The threshold hypothesis asserts that the prevalence of offending is lower among females because females have a higher threshold for risk than males. As a result, females who do offend should exhibit greater concentrations of genetic and environmental risk than male offenders. In light of these statements, the current study examines ...

In this paper we tested this hypothesis by developing thresholds on random ... least in conifer dominated vegetation types in Mediterranean�climate California. ...

Threshold responses to vibratory stimuli are compared for psychophysical and electrophysiological experiments. There is a striking similarity between the two sets of data. The hypothesis that a duplex mechanism for taction is supported and there is compel...

This document is the published result, conclusion, or progress report of research performed by the staff of the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science ... ...

... for the two alternative hypotheses: OR: Overall ... Longitudinal analysis: Pre-specify hypothesis test ... thresholds and conjunctions (and/or); definition of �success ...

Increased consumption of vegetables and fruit has long been the focus of dietary strategies for disease prevention. Some vegetables and fruit have bitter tastes, which can be aversive to consumers, particularly children. The present study tested the hypothesis that acceptance of grapefruit juice is influenced, in part, by sensitivity to the bitter taste of ...

This paper considers the problem of distributed multi-hypothesis classification in the context of wireless sensor networks. The goal is to reliably classify an underlying hypothesis at a fusion center using simple localized decisions at individual sensors. The fusion-center classification must be performed despite the presence of faults in both local ...

Jun 16, 2011... "safe-sided" threshold limit values and less than 0.2% of the acceptable daily intake established by the World Health Organization. ...

... to the total power in the Gaussian beam divided by the beam area at the lI/e ... undergoing acceptance voting by the involved committee members. ...

ODAS figure of the measured RCS as an object traverses the beam. ...... SNR acceptance threshold effectively was higher than originally expected as a result ...

Three Letters-to-the-Editor are presented which include comments on a paper by Furcinitti and Todd who were testing the linear hypothesis for survival of human cells in vitro against other models of radiation action, such as the threshold hypothesis, that predict that the dose-response curve has a zero slope at the origin (zero dose). ...

Describes the origin and development of the variability hypothesis as applied to the study of social and psychological sex differences. Explores changes in the hypothesis over time, social and scientific factors that fostered its acceptance, and possible parallels between the variability hypothesis and contemporary ...

We consider testing of the homogeneity hypothesis in the one-way ANOVA model and testing for the significance of regression in the multiple linear regression model. Unlike in the classical approach, there is no alternative hypothesis to accept when the nu...

of intersubjective testability which calls for adopting the standard that if a hypothesis is not falsifiable is particularly vexing in light of the lack of a specific and accepted single formal defintion. A complementary) The language bioprogram hypothesis. Behav. Brain Sci. 7, 173�221 42 Senghas, A. et al. (2004) Children creating

For mixtures of many chemicals, a ray design based on a relevant, fixed mixing ratio is useful for detecting departure from additivity. Methods for detecting departure involve modeling the response as a function of total dose along the ray. For mixtures with many components, the interaction may be dose dependent. Therefore, we have developed the use of a three-segment model containing both a dose ...

The experiments analyze different forms of learning and 24-h retention in the field and in the laboratory in bees that accept sucrose with either low (/=30% or >/=50%) concentrations. In the field we studied color learning at a food site and at the hive entrance. In the laboratory olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER) was ...

The experiments analyze different forms of learning and 24-h retention in the field and in the laboratory in bees that accept sucrose with either low (?3%) or high (?30% or ?50%) concentrations. In the field we studied color learning at a food site and at the hive entrance. In the laboratory olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER) was examined. In the ...

The probability of detrimental effects (R), such as cancer induction in irradiated multicellular tissue, from low-dose exposure to ionizing radiation is conventionally related to absorbed dose (D) to tissue by the proportionality constant {alpha} for a given type of radiation: R = {alpha}{center_dot}D This expression formalizes the linear no-threshold ...

... only when a statistical test is barely ... and acceptable regions in classical statistical hypothesis testing. ... generation of multiple hypotheses for either an ...

... undeniable; however, the factors influencing the female�s acceptance or rejection of copulation are poorly known. Our ... ...

... Accepted: February 3, 2010Keywords: West Nile virus, overwintering, Dumetella carolinensis, testosterone, migration West Nile virus (WNV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus), ... ...

Ongoing work to test the hypothesis of the origin of eukaryotic cell organelles by microbial symbioses is discussed. Because of the widespread acceptance of the serial endosymbiotic theory (SET) of the origin of plastids and mitochondria, the idea of the ...

Basic information theory and decision theory is reviewed. It is then applied to the classification situation by assuming a constant rectangular probability density distribution of the rejection hypothesis. This permits the incorrect and correct acceptance...

Nov 11, 2009 ... I remain unconvinced of the veracity of anthropogenic global warming, however, even if I accept the hypothesis how are we going to provide ...

In recent years, most of the major barriers against the acceptance of Panspermia have been demolished and this hypothesis emerges as a promising field of research. In this work, recent discoveries and the principal advances in Panspermia are discussed.

The existing observational material of cosmological significance is reviewed. It is found that because of the general acceptance of the Big Bang hypothesis a large number of ad hoc assumptions have been made in order to accomodate the observational facts ...

The existing observational material of cosmological significance is reviewed. It is found that because of the general acceptance of the Big Bang hypothesis a large number of ad hoc assumptions were made in order to accomodate the observational facts into ...

of the Phyllostomatoidea are based on the hypothesis that the plesio- morphic condition for phyllostomatoids was a 2n = 46

In response to numerous requests for information related to odor thresholds, this document was prepared by the Air Risk Information Support Center in its role in providing technical assistance to State and Local government agencies on risk assessment of air pollutants. A discussion of basic concepts related to olfactory function and the measurement of odor ...

We have modified the standard diploid Penna model of ageing in such a way that instead of threshold of defective loci resulting in genetic death of individuals, the fluctuation of environment and "personal" fluctuations of individuals were introduced. The sum of the both fluctuations describes the health status of the individual. While environmental fluctuations are the same ...

Research was undertaken to develop an experimental computer-based training system and to conduct a number of experiments in dynamic skill training using the system. (Training for such tasks is distinguished from the teaching of fact systems, the training domain most heavily studied in CAI applications.) Based on the hypothesis that the attentional demands of dynamic skill ...

The mode of gravisensing in higher plants is not yet elucidated. Although, it is generally accepted that the amyloplasts (statoliths) in the root cap cells (statocytes) are responsible for susception of gravity. However, the hypothesis that the whole protoplast acts as gravisusceptor cannot be dismissed. The nature of the sensor that is able to transduce ...

Immunogenicity arises via many synergistic mechanisms, yet the overall dissimilarity of pathogenic proteins versus the host proteome has been proposed as a key arbiter. We have previously explored this concept in relation to Bacterial antigens; here we extend our analysis to antigens of viral and fungal origin. Sets of known viral and fungal antigenic and non-antigenic protein sequences were ...

The Centres for Disease Control (1978) designated 30 micrograms/dl blood lead (PbB) and 50 micrograms/dl erythrocite protorphyrin as the upper 'safe' limits of body burden, threshold values that are widely accepted in clinical practice today....

There are several oil-water separator systems currently being developed for possible future use aboard Navy ships, In order to be accepted, these systems must meet certain specified requirements: In Port -- 20 ppm of oil or less in effluent water at least 95% of the time; and At Sea -- 100 ppm of oil or less in effluent water at least 99% of the time. In order to determine ...

A survey of papers using auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) published over the last 10 years (Table I) demonstrates that most AEP studies in animals have used subjective methods for auditory threshold determination. Subjective methods greatly reduce the value of statistical hypothesis testing and jeopardize tests of hypothetical experimental group ...

People's expectations of acceptance often come to create the acceptance or rejection they anticipate. The authors tested the hypothesis that interpersonal warmth is the behavioral key to this acceptance prophecy: If people expect acceptance, they will behave warmly, which in turn will lead ...

At the present time the hypothesis is widely accepted that the surface cover of Mars is composed of a reddish-brown material of finely disperse structure. Photometric, colorimetric and polarimetric studies (1 - 4) support the idea that this material is, i...

is part of the private-sector human genome project led by Celera (Venter et al., 2001). A versionThe 2R hypothesis and the human genome sequence Karsten Hokamp , Aoife McLysaght & Kenneth H. Wolfe.04.2002; accepted in final form 29.08.2002 Key words: human genome, paralogon, polyploidy, 2R hypothesis Abstract

Describes an activity in which students are asked to write an essay on the Crustal Displacement hypothesis, an hypothesis that is inconsistent with the accepted understanding of crustal and mantle processes. The assignment is useful because it forces students to solidify their understanding of plate tectonics by applying their ...

. The Tunable Activation Threshold hypothesis of T Cells is investigated through computational modellingP; scope extrusion x(P | Q) P | xQ if x / fn(P), the free names in P; P P| P defintion of replication

The hypothesis that some trace organic compounds have a threshold below which the concentration cannot be reduced by bacterial action was examined. Also studied were environmental factors that might affect the rate and lower concentration limits for bacte...

Previous work had sown that a P02 of about 2.0 bar was the optimal P02 for the treatment of spinal cord decompression sickness (DCS). With 20 anesthetized dogs the hypothesis was tested that pressures in excess of a threshold, taken as 3 bar, did not enha...

... functions. Thus, for low-LET radiation delivered at low dose rates, the linear, no-threshold hypothesis is not well supported, but it is ... represent a possibility for intervention. The linear, no-thresh...

BS>The validity of the Regge pole theory for highly inelastic processes is discussed. It is indicated that a possible way out of the difficulty may be found by taking into account the threshold behavior in the crossed channel. (M.C.G.)

This paper studies the performance of an Extended Kalman Filter/ Multi-Hypothesis Tracking (EKF/MHT) tracking with data from seismic and acoustic sensors. We study the impact of tracking performance of the number, placement, and detection threshold associ...

Using the hypothesis of the partially conserved axial-vector currents, and specific assumptions on the equal-time commutators of these currents, a calculation of the pion production amplitude near threshold of the pion-nucleon system was attempted. The re...

Contents: Measurement of Deposition coefficient of water vapor on ice; Kinetics of ice crystal growth from the vapor; Kinetic threshold conditions for fog formation in cloud chambers and marine environment; A hypothesis of hurricane modification by cloud ...

... test. If it is less than a defined significance level such as 0.01, we reject the null ... 025 is obtained (see Fig. 3). If the significance level is defined as 0.01, the null hypothesis ... ...

... and causing detrimental landscape impacts. Research to quantify fuel consumption, flammability thresholds, and smoke production in boreal forest ... hypothesis of the conditions variables that govern the...

A mathematical model of fatigue crack nucleation is described using the irreversible thermodynamics to quantify the damage caused by plastic straining. The model is based on the hypothesis that the entropy gain which results from dynamic irreversible plas...

The purpose of this report was to examine available scientific data and models relevant to the hypothesis that induction of genetic changes and cancers by low doses of ionizing radiation at low dose rate is a stochastic process with no threshold or appare...

, appropriate providers (a form of the polygyny threshold hypothesis; Verner and Willson 1966, Orians 1969's Problem. Philosophy of Science 28: 15-39. Orians, G. H. 1969 On the evolution of mating systems in birds

The project is a study of the effects of long term exposure of the eye to laser radiation. The data is for four hour, wide field exposures at levels below immediate damage threshold for rabbit and monkey eyes. The report compares the thresholds for white light and the 514.5 and 488.0 nm lines of the argon laser. From this information a ...

Objectives/HypothesisThe present study proposed to estimate phonation threshold pressure (PTP) non-invasively using airflow redirection into a pneumatic capacitance system.Study DesignProspective study.MethodsSubjects phonated into the device, which interrupts airflow mechanically and redirects the flow into a pneumatic capacitor. Five interruptions were ...

The amplifier hypothesis states that selection could favour the evolution of traits in signallers that improve the ability of receivers to extract honest information from other signals or cues. We provide a formal definition of amplifiers based on the receiver's mechanisms of signal perception and we present a game-theoretical model in which males advertise their quality and ...

The low-salt diet was basic means for therapeutic heart diseases. The salt threshold value represented individual's degree of salt taking or dietetic habit. The salt threshold value was measured in 60 patients with essential hypertension, 60 patients with congestive heart failure and 40 normal subjects. The salt threshold value ...

The DNA of each individual is subject to formation of some 2-4 x 10/sup 14/ ion pairs during the first 30 years of life from background radiation. If a single hit is sufficient to cause cancer, as is implicit in the linear, no-threshold theories, it is unclear why all individuals do not succumb to cancer, unless repair mechanisms operate to remove the damage. We describe a ...

Sixteen groups of chinchillas (N=140) were exposed to various equivalent energy noise paradigms at 100 dB(A) or 103 dB(A) SPL. Eleven groups received an interrupted, intermittent, and time varying (IITV) non-Gaussian exposure quantified by the kurtosis statistic. The IITV exposures, which lasted for 8 hday, 5 daysweek for 3 weeks, were designed to model some of the essential features of an ...

BACKGROUND: Successful bone ingrowth around cementless implants requires adequate initial stability. Hoop stress fractures during stem insertion can potentially hinder prosthesis stability. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that an oversized radial head prosthetic stem (1 mm "too large" and causing a hoop stress fracture during insertion) would result in an unacceptable amount of ...

Target serum urate (Sur) level to treat hyperuricemia of gout and promote dissolution of urate crystals is commonly accepted to be lower than 6 mg/dL and also that urate-lowering therapy should be maintained life-long. Whether this stringent therapeutic target to dissolve crystals should be maintained life-long to prevent new crystal formation is a main issue for clinical ...

We present a finite element based simulation and analysis method to describe the spatial extent of stimulation and the effects of electrode-tissue interactions in subretinal prostheses. In particular, we estimate the threshold stimulation current needed to depolarise and evoke action potentials in the ganglion cells to be stimulated at a particular distance from the electrode. ...

The major goal of this paper is to examine the hypothesis that stock returns and return volatility are asymmetric, threshold nonlinear, functions of change in trading volume. A minor goal is to examine whether return spillover effects also display such asymmetry. Employing a double-threshold GARCH model with trading volume as a ...

The linear no-threshold hypothesis is the basis for radiation protection standards in the United States. In the words of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), the hypothesis is: {open_quotes}In the interest of estimating effects in humans conservatively, it is not unreasonable to follow the assumption of ...

To meet a diagnosis for a particular personality disorder (PD), among other requirements, a person must exhibit a specified minimum number of the features outlined for that PD, otherwise referred to as the diagnostic threshold. Despite many years of research on the DSM PDs, there is little empirical basis for the chosen thresholds. The present study used ...

Previous studies showed that cortical pyramidal neurones (PNs) have a dynamic spike threshold that functions as a high-pass filter, enhancing spike timing in response to high-frequency input. While it is commonly assumed that Na+ channel inactivation is the primary mechanism of threshold accommodation, the possible role of K+ channel activation in fast ...

The induction of �bystander effects� i.e. effects in cells which have not received an ionizing radiation track, is now accepted but the mechanisms are not completely clear. Bystander effects following high and low LET radiation exposure are accepted but mechanisms are still not understood. There is some evidence for a physical component to the signal. ...

By using gauge invariance and the hypothesis of partially conserved axial-vector current, the pion-photoproduction amplitude at threshold is calculated to all orders in strong interactions neglecting terms of order (m-pi/M-N)sq but including terms of orde...

Nature of science was modeled using guided inquiry activities in the university classroom with elementary education majors. A physical science content course initially used an Aristotelian model where students discussed the relationship between distance from a constant radiation source and the amount of radiation received based on accepted �truths� or principles and ...

Nature of science was modeled using guided inquiry activities in the university classroom with elementary education majors. A physical science content course initially used an Aristotelian model where students discussed the relationship between distance from a constant radiation source and the amount of radiation received based on accepted ``truths'' or principles and ...

The hypothesis of 'localized' chemiosmosis have been put to an experimental test in the system of oxidative phosphorylation by rat liver mitochondria. We find that the variation of the ratio of phosphate potential to delta muH with delta muH does not depend on how delta muH is varied. This is in conflict with hypotheses of localized chemiosmosis. Of all coupling hypotheses, ...

The hypothesis of 'localized' chemiosmosis have been put to an experimental test in the system of oxidative phosphorylation by rat liver mitochondria. We find that the variation of the ratio of phosphate potential to delta muH with delta muH does not depend on how delta muH is varied. This is in conflict with hypotheses of localized chemiosmosis. Of all coupling hypotheses, ...

The hypothesis that separation from an established mother figure in early childhood has a detrimental effect on a child's later mental health has been widely promulgated and commonly accepted both in academic and lay circles throughout the Western world. The hypothesis continues to have a significant effect on mothers' decision as to ...

Enhanced fluctuations from electromagnetic heat flux instabilities may, through wave-particle scattering, constrain the electron heat flux which flows parallel to the background magnetic field in the solar wind. A corollary of this hypothesis is that instability thresholds should correspond to observable bounds on the heat flux. Here plasma and magnetic ...

This study was conducted to determine threshold levels for Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) force of the beef value cuts. USDA Choice and USDA Select M. biceps femoris, M. gluteus medius, M. infraspinatus, M. longissimus lumborum, M. rectus femoris, M. triceps brachii, and M. vastus lateralis steaks were evaluated for palatability characteristics and tenderness ...

An accepted truth is that a mind is a terrible thing to waste. What most seem to overlook is that a mind rich in knowledge and experience is so much worse to waste. Yet, we continue to enforce age threshold retirement and then cast away what might be expe...

The sonic boom origin and propagation in the atmosphere are reviewed. The main effects on structures and living creatures are described. The only appreciable nuisance resulting from the boom is due to the startle reaction. No acceptability threshold was d...

Photoelectric emission is reported for 15 nonanionic solid complexes, 7 ionic solid complexes of the donor accepted type, as well as thresholds for 10 molecular crystals. Gas phase ionization energies are reported for anthracene, phenothiazine, N,N,N',N',...

Current methods for estimating human health risks from exposure to threshold-acting toxicants in water or food, such as those established by the U.S. EPA, the FDA, the NAS, the WHO and the FAO, consider only chronic or lifetime exposure to individual chemicals. These methods gene...

In this study we test theoretical models of female mate choice tactics in natural populations of pine engravers, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a species with a resource-based mating system and high search costs. We first develop distinguishing predictions for each of four models of mate choice: random, comparison tactics, and fixed and adjustable thresholds. These ...

Electronic computers for production process control which usually feature real-time data processing and data transmission functions for either on-line or off-line control, are just on the threshold of wide acceptance. Numerical controls for machine tools ...

It has been generally accepted that genetic damage is caused by the deposition of energy within the nucleus of a cell, and the extent of this damage is approximately proportional to the absorbed dose (the linear no- threshold dose-response model). However...

Telephones/Keys/Security/Smoking Policy. If your GPA falls below the threshold values, you will receive a notification and be given one semester to #12;16 raise your GPA to an acceptable level. If you fail to then meet minimum requirements, you may

... National Laboratory (ORNL), and Mark Smith (formerly of JAYCOR). Samples were processed by staff of the Tennessee Valley Authority (1988) and JAYCOR (1989�1998). R. W. Smith kindly provided a ... ...

A queue with Poisson arrivals is served by N identical exponential servers. When a server becomes free, he can serve a group of customers of size at most b. He is not allowed to process a group of size less than a, 1

Animals vary greatly in their tendency to consume large meals. Yet, whether or how meal size influences fitness in wild populations is infrequently considered. Using a predator exclusion, mark-recapture experiment, we estimated selection on the amount of food accepted during an ad libitum feeding bout (hereafter termed 'satiation threshold') in the wolf ...

Animals vary greatly in their tendency to consume large meals. Yet, whether or how meal size influences fitness in wild populations is infrequently considered. Using a predator exclusion, mark-recapture experiment, we estimated selection on the amount of food accepted during an ad libitum feeding bout (hereafter termed 'satiation threshold') in the wolf ...

OBJECTIVE:To examine the hypothesis that experimental threats to social belongingness, interacting with individual differences in attachment security, cause modification of pain threshold reports by individuals who report high pain thresholds at baseline.METHODS:In each of three studies, baseline pain threshold and ...

Test procedures for noise dosemeters are briefly described in which three dosemeters of a given model are randomly selected and tested in an anechoic chamber. Tests include frequency response, time-level exchange rate, dosemeter threshold, limit level indicator, and crest factor handling capability tests. Acceptance criteria are then given, which must all ...

The shape of the dose-response curve for exposure to ionising radiation is probably one of the most contentious issues in toxicology. The initial assumption was that there was a threshold to the appearance of a health detriment, including cancer, with the so-called linear-no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis first being introduced in the ...

Using multiple methods, this investigation tested the hypothesis that a close relationship partner's acceptance of dependence when needed (e.g., sensitive responsiveness to distress cues) is associated with less dependence, more autonomous functioning, and more self-sufficiency (as opposed to more dependence) on the part of the supported individual. In two ...

The experimental setup and detection technique of the COSY-11 installation, an internal experimental facility at the cooler synchrotron and storage ring COSY J�lich, are described. The detection system has been designed for meson production studies with full geometrical acceptance close to threshold. Preliminary results of first measurements are ...

of three basic building blocks--a branch metric computation unit (BMCU), an add-compare- select unit (ACSU that changes the pruning threshold used by the pruning unit and the truncation length used by the trace Mask Memory Maximum Acceptable BER Pruning Unit Pruning Threshold, Truncation Length Look-up Unit

. The energetics of adsorption, desorption and reaction at the gas-solid interface are uniquely determined measurement of the threshold energy for collision-induced desorption: Ammonia on Pt{lll} Gregory Szulczewski August 1994; accepted 10 October 1994) Direct measurement of the threshold desorption energy

The results of an experimental investigation into the threshold boundary between laminar and disordered pipe flow are presented. Complex features have been uncovered using a highly refined experimental approach where an intermediate periodic state forms an integral part of the transition sequence. In accord with the suggestions produced by a numerical investigation, the ...

Thresholds for cutaneous warming and cooling stimuli were measured in 20 diabetics with neuropathic foot ulcers. All patients had a profound disturbance of sensory perception in the ulcerated foot with complete loss of perception of warming; thresholds for vibration and cooling were highly abnormal in all but two patients. Measurements of thermal ...

We tested the construct validity of a two-dimensional model of high status, consisting of social acceptance and perceived popularity (hereafter, acceptance and popularity) among Finnish children and adolescents. In addition, we investigated the correlates of the two forms of high status, as well as their relations to resource control. Participants were 563 ...

Ioannidis estimated that most published research findings are false, but he did not indicate when, if at all, potentially false research results may be considered as acceptable to society. We combined our two previously published models to calculate the probability above which research findings may become acceptable. A new model indicates that the ...

... to test our hypothesis that big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) select foraging sites based on temperature as a ... Received: October 17, 2006; Accepted: February 02, 2007Keywords: Eptesicus fuscus, foragin...

This thesis examined the presence of insider trading in the defense industry. The acceptance of the null hypothesis that insider trading abnormal returns are equal to zero prior to the announcement/event date and are positive at the announcement day provi...

Recent studies have challenged the generally accepted hypothesis that bronchial particle clearance is complete within 24 to 48 hours post-deposition. e studied bronchial retention of inert particles, using a bronchoscope and microspray nozzle to localize deposition in a bronchus ...

scenarios no definte verse in the cascades appear, one rather speaks about multi-scale co- herent structures (Taylor hypothesis) Frisch (1995). Plausibility reasons for accepting this hypotheses in the same data

To evaluate the performance of fingerprint-image matching algorithms on large datasets, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is applied. From the operational perspective, the true accept rate (TAR) of the genuine scores at a specified false acc...

It is widely accepted that increased heat production (i.e., hypermetabolism) in burned patients is generated primarily in compensation for heat lost due to increased evaporation from the burned surface. To test this hypothesis, 12 patients with extensive ...

... Difference d = x c � x t sample statistics: Multivariate hypothesis test: Assuming prior d ~ N(µ,�) H o :|µ| � ε (accept) versus H a :|µ| > ε (reject) ...

... 1999; Accepted: April 28, 2000 Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are generalist brood parasites that reduce the productivity ... 18. Lowther, P. E. 1993. Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater). In. T...

The investigation began with the generally accepted hypothesis that uncoordinated action by individual water users will result in an inefficient use of water resources, including water quality. The concepts of a private good, public good, joint supply of ...

Determination of the thermal thresholds is used clinically for evaluation of peripheral nervous system function. The aim of this study was to evaluate reliability of the method of levels performed with a new, low cost device for determining cutaneous temperature sensitivity. Nineteen male subjects were included in the study. Thermal thresholds were tested ...

Determination of the thermal thresholds is used clinically for evaluation of peripheral nervous system function. The aim of this study was to evaluate reliability of the method of levels performed with a new, low cost device for determining cutaneous temperature sensitivity. Nineteen male subjects were included in the study. Thermal thresholds were tested ...

The consequences of prejudice against accepting the null hypothesis were examined through (a) a mathematical model intended to stimulate the research-publication process and (b) case studies of apparent erroneous rejec-tions of the null hypothesis in published psychological research. The input parameters for the model characterize ...

The installation of the WASA detector at the cooler synchrotron COSY opened the possibility to search for ?-mesic helium with high statistics and high acceptance. A search for the 4He-? bound state is conducted via an exclusive measurement of the excitation function for the dd-->3Hep?- reaction varying continuously the beam momentum around the threshold ...

This paper presents a new moment-preserving thresholding technique, called the binary quaternion-moment-preserving (BQMP) thresholding, for color image data. Based on representing color data by the quaternions, the statistical parameters of color data can be expressed through the definition of quaternion moments. Analytical formulas of the BQMP ...

The following paper tries to develop six major hypotheses in Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India. The paper tries to proof the hypothesis by collecting data from the fields on six sectors: oil prices, gold price, Cash Reserve Ratio, food price inflation, call money rate and Dollar price. The research uses these data as indicators to identify relationship and level of ...

The focus of the terrestrial biodiversity survey is to examine the impact of humans upon the environment. Through a series of investigations students develop their own hypothesis about human impact and then test this on a site not previously examined. Final analysis and discussion of the results allows the students to develop a theory about the impact of humans upon the ...

The Ar-36+38 argon-excess anomally of Venus has been hypothesized to have its origin in the impact of an outer solar system body of about 100-km diameter. A critical evaluation is made of this hypothesis and its competitors; it is judged that its status must for the time being remain one of 'Sherlock Holmes' type, in that something so improbable must be ...

We describe several influential hypotheses in the field of motor control including the equilibrium-point (referent configuration) hypothesis, the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis, and the idea of synergies based on the principle of motor abundance. The equilibrium-point hypothesis is based on the idea of control with ...

SummaryWe describe several influential hypotheses in the field of motor control including the equilibrium-point (referent configuration) hypothesis, the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis, and the idea of synergies based on the principle of motor abundance. The equilibrium-point hypothesis is based on the idea of control with ...

In standard mate-choice models, females encounter males sequentially and decide whether to inspect the quality of another male or to accept a male already inspected. What changes when males are clumped in patches and there is a significant cost to travel between patches? We use stochastic dynamic programming to derive optimum strategies under various assumptions. With zero ...

Noise measurements and calculations are being made for large wind turbine generators to develop a data base for use in designing and siting such systems for community acceptance. As part of this program, measurements were made on the WTS-4 wind turbine generator during its acceptance runs. This paper presents the results of these exploratory measurements ...

Female decision rules can influence the nature and intensity of sexual selection on males, but empirical demonstrations of rules underlying choice are rare. We hypothesized that female choice is largely based on a courtship duration threshold in the Australian redback spider (Latrodectus hasselti) because females kill males before copulation is complete (premature cannibalism) ...

Female decision rules can influence the nature and intensity of sexual selection on males, but empirical demonstrations of rules underlying choice are rare. We hypothesized that female choice is largely based on a courtship duration threshold in the Australian redback spider (Latrodectus hasselti) because females kill males before copulation is complete (premature cannibalism) ...

For phytophagous arthropods, host-acceptance behavior is a key character responsible for host-plant specialization. The grain rust mite, Abacarus hystrix (Nalepa), is an obligately phytophagous, polyphagous eriophyid mite recorded from at least 70 grass species. In this study the hypothesis that two...

Society Theory of mind and peer acceptance in preschool children Virginia Slaughter*, Michelle J. Dennis the hypothesis that preschool children's theory of mind ability is related to their levels of peer acceptance (following Coie & Dodge, 1983). Children were also tested on five different theory of mind tasks. The results

The image coding algorithm based on quadtree partitioning, which is presented by Yuval Fisher, has become the mainstream of fractal image compression. However, in the conventional Yuval Fisher's theory, the threshold of distance between range blocks and domain blocks is pre-fixed mainly by experience, which does not take the practical statistical characteristics of range ...

Hosts are expected to evolve resistance strategies that efficiently detect and resist exposure to virulent parasites and pathogens. When recognition is not error-proof, the acceptance threshold used by hosts to recognize parasites should be context dependent and become more restrictive with increasing predictability of parasitism. Here, we demonstrate that ...

We tested the hypothesis that vibratory thresholds in the elderly are related to mobility. 629 older persons without dementia underwent testing including 11 lower extremity performance measures and modified UPDRS, summarized as composite mobility and global Parkinsonian signs. Vibratory thresholds were measured at the ankle and toes ...

Psychophysical thresholds for the detection of a 300-Hz burst of vibration applied to the thenar eminence were measured for stimuli applied to the skin through 1.5 cm2 and through 0.05 cm2 contactors. Thresholds were approximately 13 dB lower when the area of the contactor was 1.5 cm2 than when it was 0.05 cm2. The difference between the ...

Alternative reproductive tactics may be a product of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, such that discontinuous variation in life history depends on both the genotype and the environment. Phenotypes that fall below a genetically determined threshold adopt one tactic, while those exceeding the threshold adopt the alternative tactic. We report evidence of ...

Alternative reproductive tactics may be a product of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, such that discontinuous variation in life history depends on both the genotype and the environment. Phenotypes that fall below a genetically determined threshold adopt one tactic, while those exceeding the threshold adopt the alternative tactic. We report evidence of ...

Vernier thresholds are determined by luminance rather than chromatic contrast when both are present in vernier targets. The role of luminance and chromatic mechanisms in vernier performance under equiluminant conditions remains uncertain. Temporal summation functions for vernier thresholds with luminance and red-green equiluminant gratings were compared to ...

Using data from the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (NKPS) and combining a quantitative approach and a qualitative approach (N = 8,148 and n = 43, respectively), this study investigates the mechanisms associated with a lack of acceptance by one's family. From the total NKPS sample, 12.1% did not feel (entirely) accepted by their family. The authors ...

Ireland has two official languages--Gaeilge (Irish) and English. Similarly, primary- and second-level education can be mediated through the medium of Gaeilge or through the medium of English. This research is primarily focused on students (Gaeilgeoiri) in the transition from Gaeilge-medium mathematics education to English-medium mathematics education. Language is an essential element of learning, ...

Field sampling methods and economic thresholds were developed to provide management recommendations for Helicoverpa armigera (H�bner) on processing tomatoes, based on a commercially acceptable damage level of 5% fruit damage. Population estimates from destructive sampling and a rapid 1-min plant scouting method were related to fruit damage, and a nominal ...

For most normal-hearing listeners, absolute thresholds increase rapidly above about 16 kHz. One hypothesis is that the high-frequency limit of the hearing-threshold curve is imposed by the transmission characteristics of the middle ear, which attenuates the sound input [Masterton et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 45, 966-985 (1969)]. An ...

In this paper we investigate tradeoffs between speed and accuracy that are produced by humans when confronted with a sequence of choices between two alternatives. We assume that the choice process is described by the drift diffusion model, in which the speed-accuracy tradeoff is primarily controlled by the value of the decision threshold. We test the ...

The Simon two-stage optimal design is often used for phase II cancer clinical trials. A study proceeds to the second stage unless the null hypothesis, that the true tumour response rate is below some specified value, is already accepted at the end of stage one. The conventional optimal design, for given type 1 and type 2 error rates, is the one which ...

The lack of a universally accepted mathematical definition of a vortex structure has led to a considerable number of Eulerian criteria to identify coherent structures. Most are derived from the instantaneous local velocity gradient tensor and its derivatives and require appropriate thresholds to extract the boundaries of the structures. Notwithstanding ...

The infectious agent of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) resembles a virus in that it propagates in vivo and has distinct strains. However, compelling evidence strongly suggests that a posttranslational structural alteration in a glycoprotein PrPC (the normal, cellular isoform of the so-called prion protein) is responsible for pathogenesis of these diseases. According to this ...

We develop a statistical tool SNVer for calling common and rare variants in analysis of pooled or individual next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. We formulate variant calling as a hypothesis testing problem and employ a binomial-binomial model to test the significance of observed allele frequency against sequencing error. SNVer reports one single overall P-value for ...

The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether olfactory detection thresholds are dependent on different states of satiety. Using the threshold test of the Sniffin' Sticks test battery (single-staircase, three alternative forced choice procedure), sensitivity to a non-food odour (n-butanol) and a food-related odour (isoamyl acetate) was ...

The present work stems from the hypothesis that humans are inconsistent when making subjective analyses of images and that human decisions for moderately complex images may be performed by a computer with complete objectivity, once a human acceptance level has been established. The following goals were established to test the ...

Deconvolution analysis (DA) based on singular value decomposition (SVD) has been widely accepted for quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) using dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI). When using this method, the elements in the diagonal matrix obtained by SVD are set to zero when they are smaller than the ...

Previous studies indicate the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) as a suitable distribution function to reliably describe the exceedances of daily rainfall records above a proper optimum threshold, which should be selected as small as possible to retain the largest sample while assuring an acceptable fitting. Such an optimum ...

Previous studies indicate the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) as a suitable distribution function to reliably describe the exceedances of daily rainfall records above a proper optimum threshold, which should be selected as small as possible to retain the largest sample while assuring an acceptable fitting. Such an optimum ...

Consistent individual differences in the tendency to accept risk have been demonstrated in invertebrates, fish, birds, and mammals, including humans. These individual differences have been associated with size, growth rate, survival, and reproductive success. Little research, however, has investigated the effect of developmental environment on individual differences in ...

The psychophysiological measuring method for the determination of the auditory order threshold (OT) is steadily gaining in importance, both for the diagnosis and treatment of speech disorders. Observed intraindividual variability of (macro-) vigilance led to the hypothesis of discontinuous cognitive processing in the central nervous system. The base for ...

A thermocapillary model of keyhole formation in laser welding is presented. According to the thermocapillary hypothesis, a cavity forms as the result of surface tension-induced melt displacement on a non-uniformly heated surface. In this case the transition of welding into a keyhole mode is due to the change in the structure of the thermocapillary divergent flow on the ...

Natural sources contribute a large fraction of the radiation exposure of the general public. Under the linear no-threshold hypothesis risk decreases in proportion to decreasing dose without a threshold. We use recent estimates of doses to the red bone marrow to calculate the number and proportion of cases of leukemia in England induced ...

A nonparametric method, isotonic regression, is proposed for analyzing a dose-response relationship and for assessing a threshold value. There are several advantages of this method compared to parametric models. No specific form of the relationship (type of model and use of the covariates) is required. The only assumption is monotonicity. Rejection of specific ...

The hypothesis that equivalent sounds (dBA) at different frequencies produce the same temporary threshold shifts (TTS) is analyzed in order to justify the utilization of A weighting to measure noise fatigue effects. After recording the audiograms of subjects using frequencies from 125 to 8000 Hz and measuring the absolute thresholds of ...

According to the classical hypothesis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamics, CSF is produced inside the brain ventricles, than it circulates like a slow river toward the cortical subarachnoid space, and finally it is absorbed into the venous sinuses. Some pathological conditions, primarily hydrocephalus, have also been interpreted based on this ...

In semiarid ecosystems, precipitation is the major driving force for carbon uptake and subsequent plant growth. The hypothesis for this study was that the timing, frequency, and precipitation amount would produce different precipitation thresholds for uptake of carbon dioxide in grass and shrub plant communities. Eight years of precipitation data were used ...

BackgroundAlthough spontaneous use of the more-affected arm and hand after stroke is an important determinant of participation and quality of life, a number of patients exhibit decreases in use following rehabilitative therapy. A previous neurocomputational model predicted that if the dose of therapy is sufficient to bring performance above a certain threshold, training can be ...

Familial dysautonomia (FD) is an inherited disorder that is known to affect both sensory and autonomic functions as a result of incomplete neuronal development and progressive loss but the degree to which patients are affected differs greatly. To determine if quantitative vibration and thermal testing refined the assessment of severity, 23 familial dysautonomia patients were evaluated by clinical ...

Object-quality stimuli were presented as discrimination problems to rhesus monkeys of three treatment groups: nonirradiated, low-dose irradiated, and high-dose irradinted. The experiment was designed to determine whether the subjects associated peripherally placed stimuli and whether normal and irradiated subjects dfffered in the extent to which such association was made. The ...

Despite volumes written in the name of the new and fundamental feminist project in philosophy of science, and conclusions drawn on the strength of the hypothesis that the feminist project will boost progress toward cognitive aims associated with science and rationality (and, one might add, policy decisions enacted in the name of these aims), the whole rationale for the project ...

Ultrasound is used widely in medicine for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Ultrasound contrast agents are suspensions of gas-filled microbubbles used to enhance diagnostic imaging. Microbubble contrast agents can increase the likelihood of bioeffects of ultrasound associated with acoustic cavitation. Under certain exposure conditions, the interaction of ultrasound with cardiac tissues ...

Although laughter forms an important part of human non-verbal communication, it has received rather less attention than it deserves in both the experimental and the observational literatures. Relaxed social (Duchenne) laughter is associated with feelings of wellbeing and heightened affect, a proximate explanation for which might be the release of endorphins. We tested this ...

Stage dependent predation may give rise to the hydra effect--the increase of predator density at equilibrium as its mortality rate is raised. Management strategies that adjust predator harvest rates or quotas based on responses of populations to past changes in capture rates may eventually lead to a catastrophic collapse of predator species. A proposed threshold management ...

Technology lengthens life expectancy and improves the quality of health and life, but the public has generally failed to make the connection. Although Americans accept certain risks that are associated with much of the new technology, they are more aware of and more likely to calculate risks today. We can eliminate automobile deaths by abolishing the technology. Cancer risks, ...