health impacts of exposure to radiation and for determining acceptable levels of radioactivity in the environment. For environmental cleanups, compliance with environmental...

The normal working and living areas of the astronauts are designed to provide an acceptable level of

This guide is directed specifically toward medical licensees and recommends methods acceptable to the NRC staff for maintaining occupational exposures ALARA in medical institutions.

... the doses of radiotracer administered are small, diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures result in low radiation exposure, acceptable for diagnostic exams. Thus, the radiation ...

This report describes eight general principles of radiation protection. The first principle is based on the idea that the ICRP derivation of risk coefficients are meaningless when applied to routine radiation exposure. The other principles describes what should be acceptable exposures.

The human exploration of space inevitably involves exposure to radiation. Associated with this exposure are multiple risks, i.e., probabilities that certain aspects of an astronaut's health or performance will be degraded. The management of these risks requires that such probabilities be accurately predicted, that the actual ...

Maximum permissible exposures for radiation workers have been based, in the main, on levels that would not produce detectable injury to any individual. The impossibility of correlating radiation effects with small radiatjon dosage makes it impracticable to use this criteria indefintely. It must be assumed that there is some ...

Available data on the low dose radiation effects on man make it possible to substantiate the acceptable risk and permissible doses of population exposure. Development and improvement of provisions for limiting radiation exposure of people were associated ...

The broad, long-term objective of this IDEA proposal is to achieve optimized image quality for DM within acceptable limits of radiation exposure by developing innovative approaches for controlling DM exposures. These approaches entail using the digital de...

Feb 17, 2005 ... Relax acceptable standard with informed consent. Risk #14: Risk of acute radiation exposure: Inadequate shielding against a severe solar ...

Army civilian and military personnel are exposed occupationally to various forms of ionizing radiation, and the U.S. Army Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry Center is responsible for monitoring these exposures. There are several accepted methods for monitoring radiation exposure, ...

Progress is reported in the procurement of personnel and equipment for a research program to assess the occupational and non-occupational radiation exposure of the plant population at the Westinghouse Testing Reactor. A registry will be established for pertinent morbidity and mortality studies on the plant population. (C.H.)

Section 20.103, Exposure of individuals to concentrations of radioactive materials in air in restricted areas, of 10 CFR Part 20, Standards for Protection Against Radiation, permits licensees to make allowance for the use of respiratory protective equipment in estimating exposures of individuals to airborne radioactive materials ...

A consideration of teratogenic exposures includes not only an agent (chemical, radiation, biologic) but an exposure level and timing of exposure. There are criteria by which exposures are evaluated for a causal connection with an abnormal outcome. We here review some teratogenic ...

It is DOE's objective to operate its facilities and to conduct its activities so that radiation exposures to members of the public are maintained within acceptable limits and exposures to residual radioactive materials are controlled. To accomplish this, ...

A tomography scanning system in which the intensity of radiation for each exposure is adjusted to obtain at the system detectors a minimum signal which results in a desired minimum signal-to-noise ratio to provide an image of acceptable quality with minimum radiation dosage to a patient.

Abstract: Exposure to ionizing radiation can be a source of anxiety for many pregnant women and their health care providers. An awareness of the radiation doses delivered by different techniques and the acceptable exposure thresholds can help both patients and practitioners. We describe ...

Uterine embolization has become accepted into the mainstream of fibroid therapies and now is among the most common interventions for the condition. Because the procedure is based on angiographic techniques, it requires fluoroscopic and angiographic imaging, both dependent on exposure to ionizing radiation. Given the increasing ...

Progress in the following areas directly related to nuclear waste management is summarized: (1) a radiation protection system based on risk per rad of dose; (2) assessment of the accumulation and biological significance of industrial waste discharges and estimation of concentrations present in the environment; (3) assessment of exposure resulting from ...

Brief criticism is made of a previous editorial (Br. Med. J. v.4, p.510 (8 Sep 1973)) on the difficulties of assessing radiation risk to the individual from occupational exposure, radiological diagnosis, or fallout. It is pointed out that the scientific problem is worse than it need be, because methods of data presentation can be misleading, ...

Oncology Overviews are a service of the International Cancer Research Data Bank (ICRDB) Program of the National Cancer Institute, intended to facilitate and promote the exchange of information between cancer scientists by keeping them aware of literature related to their research being published by other laboratories throughout the world. Each Oncology Overview represents a survey of the ...

This thesis examines the risk of working in the nuclear power industry. It reviews the history of the industry, government regulatory activities, and current scientific evidence of the health effects of radiation exposure. A discussion of current controversies over reduction in exposure limits is presented along with an analysis of the ...

Interest in the biological effects of longwave radiation has increased dramatically in the last few years. The contributors to this state of the art volume discuss the most current knowledge of biological effects of UVA and provide guidelines regarding acceptable human exposure to this type of radiation. Contents ...

This standard specifies performance criteria for thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) systems used for the measurement of environmental exposure levels of X- and gamma radiation. Specifications are given for obtaining acceptable overall measurement uncertainties. (auth)

acceptable emission level or power output allowed for a laser class and is one of the most important tools that limits the laser radiation exposure to the Class 1 level. Some of these include laser videodisc players- Low Power Lasers Class 2 lasers are not normally considered hazardous unless an individual

Section 20.103, ''Exposure of individuals to concentrations of radioactive materials in air in restricted areas,'' of 10 CFR Part 20, ''Standards for Protection Against Radiation,'' permits licensees to make allowance for the use of respiratory protective equipment in estimating ...

). With the exception of ionizing radiation exposure during childhood, the causes of thyroid cancer are not well in women in relation to previous exposure to radiation therapy and history of thyroid disease. J.Natl.Cancer Cedex France mail: guenel@vjf.inserm.fr Running head: Thyroid cancer in New Caledonia 2

The legacy of radiation exposures confronting man arises from two historical sources of energy, the sun and radioactive decay. Contemporary man continues to be dependent on these two energy sources, which include the nuclear fuel cycle. Radiation exposures from all energy sources should be examined, with particular ...

The current recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection have as a basic objective the limitation of the radiation dose to �that which involves a risk that is not unacceptable to the individual and to the population at large�. The problem is to decide what degree of risk is acceptable, in relation to the benefits of a ...

For radiation-control purposes a source is defined in terms of maximum permissible intake for a single acute exposure (MPI). Results are presented of a calculation of MPI using the latest-known biological data and the currently acceptable levels of internal exposure. The minimum values of Category A sources ...

Beginning in 1895, with the discovery of x-rays, alpha and beta radiation, uranium, radium, thorium, and polonium, the fascinating story of the beginning of knowledge concerning the existence of ionizing radiation unfolds. This brief history of radiation and leukemia is divided into two main parts: the first 50 years, which deals with ...

Reduction of patient exposure in chest radiography by means of copper filtration was investigated for a range of filter thicknesses at kilovoltages commonly employed for the postero-anterior and lateral projections. The influence of copper filtration on tube output, beam quality, entrance and midplane exposures, tube load, and image contrast was determined ...

The results of several major epidemiology studies on populations with particular exposure to ionizing radiation should become available during the first years of the 21(st) century. These studies are expected to provide answers to a number of questions concerning public health and radiation protection. Most of the populations concerned ...

... SOME EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR RADIATION EXPOSURE ON ... Page 3. SOME EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR RADIATION EXPOSURE ON PRELIMINARY ...

Cosmonauts' exposure to cosmic rays during long-term spaceflight can cause unfavorable effects in health and risk for the crew members' lives. All unfavorable effects induced by exposure should be taken into consideration for the risk estimation. They should include both the acute deterministic effects and delayed effects called stochastic. On the ground ...

Cosmonauts` exposure to cosmic rays during long-term spaceflight can cause unfavorable effects in health and risk for the crew members` lives. All unfavorable effects induced by exposure should be taken into consideration for the risk estimation. They should include both the acute deterministic effects and delayed effects called stochastic. On the ground ...

The health risks of radiation have been carefully studied and are relatively well understood in comparison with other risks to the human environment. Public perception of these risks often is distorted, due in part to lack of familiarity with the actual risk levels involved. There is a need for dissemination to the public of accurate information on ...

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) relies on the use of ionising radiation but risks to operator and patient associated with radiation exposure are unclear. The aim of this prospective study was to estimate the radiation dose received by personnel performing fluoroscopic endoscopic ...