Macrophages: important accessory cells for reproductive function Paula E. Cohen,* Kayoko Nishimura functions, can be considered as essential accessory cells for normal reproductive functioning. J. Leukoc of the bone marrow, monocytes, macrophages, ...

... The hypothesis that sex- Wehner, 1986; McIntyre et ... immune functions INFLUENCE OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR (Hochman ... func- tion of accessory cells ...

... immunological testing evaluating function of accessory cells, T ... to one or more of the following organs ... study groups (including age, sex, race, years ...

... The electrical response activity of single nerve cells in the accessory nucleus of the superior olive was studied. Stimulus ...

Low serum sulphydryl (SH) levels are a feature of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have investigated whether a similar blockade of membrane SH groups on mononuclear cells modifies the function of these cells in this disease. Using pokeweed mitogen stimulated IgG synthesis as the assay system, we have found that the ...

Pancreatic islet transplantation is a therapeutic option to replace destroyed ? cells in autoimmune diabetes. Islets are transplanted into the liver via the portal vein; however, inflammation, the required immunosuppression, and lack of vasculature decrease early islet viability and function. Therefore, the use of accessory therapy and ...

The literature concerning the content of mast cells in mucous membrane of the nose and its accessory sinuses during allergy and in the absence of it are contradictory. The purpose of this work was to study the functional state of these cells, their morpho...

The placentae of the Japanese long-fingered bat were characterized by their morphological and functional transition from the main placenta to the accessory placentae. The main placenta transformed from an endotheliodichorial to a haemodichorial (one layer of syncytiotrophoblast and one layer of cytotrophoblast cells) condition. ...

Mitogen-stimulated human T cell activation is absolutely dependent on the participation of a nonresponding accessory cell. In populations of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocytes function as the requisite accessory cells. The possibility ...

NK cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that are most efficient at fulfilling their functions after a phase of priming provided by cytokines and/or accessory cells. Although type I IFNs are known to be important in this process, it remains unclear whether they act directly on NK cells or indirectly ...

Although classical dogma dictates that satellite cells are the primary cell type involved in skeletal muscle regeneration, alternative cell types such as a variety of inflammatory and stromal cells are also actively involved in this process. A model describing myogenic cells as direct ...

The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) on accessory function of human blood adherent mononuclear cells (ADH) for antigen and mitogen-induced responses, and production by ADH of the amplifying cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) were examined. Responder lymphocytes were rendered accessory cell ...

The female Drosophila melanogaster fly undergoes behavioral changes after mating, including an increase in egg laying and an avoidance of remating. Accessory-gland products elicit these changes transiently when introduced into unmated female flies. We report here the generation and phenotype of flies that lack functional ...

A system is presented that may simplify the study of accessory cell requirements for CTL generation. Cortisone resistant (CR) thymocytes containing alloreactive CTL precursors do not respond to allogeneic tumor cells unless non-T accessory cells are added to culture. In addition, splenic T ...

... through earphones to the two ears of anesthetized cats, and the electrical response activity of single nerve cells in the accessory nucleus of the ...

In plants, gametes, along with accessory cells, are formed by the haploid gametophytes through a series of mitotic divisions, cell specification and differentiation events. How the cells in the female gametophyte of flowering plants differentiate into gametes (the egg and central cell) and ...

Disclosed are compositions of bone accessory cells and methods for their preparation and use. Bone accessory cells are cells which are not hematopoietic and which can reconstitute the expression of bone proteins by human bone cells and support ex vivo exp...

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in multiple cellular processes including DNA replication and repair. During DNA replication, PCNA function as an accessory factor- for the DNA polymerases E arid and are part o...

In vitro ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation of human blood monocytes inhibits their accessory cell function for antigen- and mitogen-induced T cell responses. These studies were designed to characterize the nature of the UVB-induced defect in human monocyte accessory cell ...

Morphological studies in male reproductive system of insect, and accessory glands functions, can contribute to the knowledge of reproductive aspects in Triatominae. The present study aims to describe the structure of male reproductive system under scanning electron microscopy, and the ultrastructure of accessory glands during the ...

Lentiviral accessory proteins are thought to play important roles in regulating the viral replication through modulation of host cell functions. For example, Vpr of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) induces the cell cycle G2 arrest in a host cell-specific manner. Similarly, HIV-2 Vpr, ...

The accessory medulla is the master circadian clock in the brain of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae and controls circadian locomotor activity. Previous studies have demonstrated that a variety of neuropeptides are prominent neuromediators in this brain area. Recently, members of the orcokinin family of crustacean neuropeptides have been identified in several insect species ...

This book contains 11 chapters. Some of the chapter titles are: Molecular Cloning and Expression of the Human Interleukin 2 Gene; Lymphokine Production by Cloned T Lymphocytes; Relationship of Human Interleukin 1 to Antigen-Presenting Cell Functions of a Variety of Human Accessory Cells; and Interleukin 1 and B ...

Two types of mitochondria-rich cells were identified in the gill epithelium of the freshwater-adapted rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, after selective impregnation of their tubular system with reduced osmium. A first type consisted of large cells with a poorly developed and loosely anastomosed tubular system; thus, that resembled the chloride ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cytokines regulating cutaneous immune responses, on the accessory cell function of epidermal cells (EC). EC were treated with various cytokines, and the accessory cell function of the ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses type IV pili to colonize various materials and for surface-associated twitching motility. We previously identified five phylogenetically distinct alleles of pilA in P. aeruginosa, four of which occur in genetic cassettes with specific accessory genes (J. V. Kus, E. Tullis, D. G. Cvitkovitch, and L. L. Burrows, Microbiology 150:1315-1326, 2004). Each ...

... Abstract : Sperm cells collected from mammals by electroejaculation or with an ... by secretions and fluids from the accessory glands, cell debris, and ...

... other accessories for the characterization of chemically processed ceramics, glasses ... CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PROCESSING, CELLS, COUPLING ...

The in vitro effects of gold sodium thiomalate (GTM) on various murine splenic lymphocytic functions were tested. The presence of GTM in cultures of splenic cells suppressed anti-hapten responses to both thymus-independent and thymus-dependent antigens. GTM also suppressed the in vitro generation of cytotoxic effector cells as well as ...

B cells can function as antigen-presenting cells and accessory cells for T cell responses. This study evaluated the role of B cells in the induction of protective T cell immunity to a Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV)-induced ...

... for anatomic, morphologic, and histologic examination of the accessory sex organs. The 2nd group consisted of castrated animals. Six ... determine the effect of absence of testosterone on accessory sex or...

The present invention provides a number of accessory gland proteins from Drosophila. The invention also provides an accessory gland protein which is toxic to insect cells and can be used to kill or inhibit the development of insects. Methods of controllin...

The efferent connections of the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb of two species of garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis and T. radix were studied with experimental anterograde degeneration techniques. Axons of cells located in the olfactory bulb terminate ipsilaterally in all parts of the anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle and lateral ...

Immunosuppressive effects of low levels of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on cutaneous immune responses have been attributed to deleterious effects of UVB radiation on epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). To determine how UVB radiation modulates LC function we examined the effect of in vitro UVB exposure on LC accessory ...

Nef is an HIV-1 accessory protein essential for AIDS progression and an attractive target for drug discovery. Lack of a catalytic function makes Nef difficult to assay in chemical library screens. We developed a high-throughput screening assay for inhibitors of Nef function by coupling it to one of its host cell ...

]. #12;the accessory glands, or paragonia, of the male internal genitalia, tissues that are present in only one sex,49�51]. That the sex hierarchy might also modulate theA/P organizer's function in the genital disc was suggested primordia is the sex of the cells in the A/P organizers, not the sex of individual ...

To determine if some malignant cells serve an accessory function and promote osteoclast differentiation, we cultured T47D human breast cancer cells with murine osteoclast precursors. We find bone resorbing osteoclasts develop with 7-10 days and do so in a...

The organization and function of eukaryotic cells rely on the action of many different molecular motor proteins. Cytoplasmic dynein drives the movement of a wide range of cargoes towards the minus ends of microtubules, and these events are needed, not just at the single-cell level, but are vital for correct development. In the present ...

In vitro exposure of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) achievable during recreational sun exposure produces profound inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenesis. This study demonstrates that this inhibition is mediated by a direct dose-dependent effect on populations enriched for T-lymphocytes and is reversible after incubation of responder ...

We investigated cytokine production and accessory cell function in human macrophage hybridoma cell lines and primary monocytes after infection with HIV-1. HIV-1 infection induced IL-10 production in the macrophage hybridoma cell line with loss of IL-12 1 wk after infection. There were also ...

In the mammalian retina, besides the conventional rod-cone system, a melanopsin-associated photoreceptive system exists that conveys photic information for accessory visual functions such as pupillary light reflex and circadian photo-entrainment. On ablation of the melanopsin gene, retinal ganglion cells that normally express ...

The Rhabdoviridae is one of the most ecologically diverse families of RNA viruses with members infecting a wide range of organisms including placental mammals, marsupials, birds, reptiles, fish, insects and plants. The availability of complete nucleotide sequences for an increasing number of rhabdoviruses has revealed that the ecological diversity of rhabdoviruses is also reflected in the ...

Purified T lymphocytes fail to proliferate in response to antigenic and mitogenic stimuli when cultured in the presence of accessory cells that have been exposed in vitro to sublethal doses of UVB radiation. Because proliferation represents a final stage in the T-cell activation process, the present study was conducted to determine ...

Primate immunodeficiency viruses encode viral proteins that are uniquely auxiliary to their growth in host cells. Of these accessory proteins, those designated Vpr and Vpx are least well understood with respect to their functions in the viral replication cycle. Moreover, their assigned roles based on the results in published studies ...

The destruction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in autoimmune arteritis is a poorly understood phenomenon. To approach this problem, VSMC cultures were established. The interaction of these cells (from normal or autoimmune mice) with lymphocytes was then evaluated. Specifically, splenocytes from MRL/1pr or C3H mice were co-cultivated with MRL/1pr or ...

Ion channels in glomerular mesangial cells from humans, rats, and mice have been studied by electrophysiological, molecular, and gene-knockout methods. Two channels, a large, Ca2+-activated K+ channel (BK) and a store-operated Ca2+ channel (SOCC), can be defined with respect to molecular structure and function. Human BK, comprised of a pore-forming ...

Natural isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp), the causative agent of melioidosis, can exhibit significant ecological flexibility that is likely reflective of a dynamic genome. Using whole-genome Bp microarrays, we examined patterns of gene presence and absence across 94 South East Asian strains isolated from a variety of clinical, environmental, or animal sources. 86% of the Bp K96243 ...

The mitochondrial replication machinery in human cells includes the DNA polymerase gamma holoenzyme and the TWINKLE helicase. Together, these two factors form a processive replication machinery, a replisome, which can use duplex DNA as template to synthesize long stretches of single-stranded DNA. We here address the importance of the smaller, accessory B ...

The cellular composition and certain functional characteristics of murine Peyer's patches (PP) were examined and compared with other lymphoid tissues. The composition of PP resembled most closely that of the spleen with the exception of a significant decrease in the number of adherent and phagocytic cells. Very few cells with dendritic ...

NK cell development requires IL-15, which is "trans-presented" to IL-15R?? on NK cells by IL-15R? on other cells. In this study, we report that different levels of IL-15 trans-presentation are required for different NK cell developmental events to reach full maturation status. Because the IL-15R? intracellular ...

HIV viruses encode a set of accessory proteins, which are important determinants of virulence due to their ability to manipulate the host cell physiology for the benefit of the virus. Although these viral proteins are dispensable for viral growth in many in vitro cell culture systems, they influence the efficiency of viral replication ...

Plant germ cells develop in specialized haploid structures, termed gametophytes. The female gametophyte patterns of flowering plants are diverse, with often unknown adaptive value. Here we present the Arabidopsis fiona mutant, which forms a female gametophyte that is structurally and functionally reminiscent of a phylogenetic distant female gametophyte. ...

Plant germ cells develop in specialized haploid structures, termed gametophytes. The female gametophyte patterns of flowering plants are diverse, with often unknown adaptive value. Here we present the Arabidopsis fiona mutant, which forms a female gametophyte that is structurally and functionally reminiscent of a phylogenetic distant female gametophyte. ...

Heterodimerization enhances the complexity of ligand recognition and diversity of signaling responses of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Many accessory proteins (for ion channels or GPCRs) appear to associate with their partners relatively early in the process whereby proteins are transported to the cell ...

A simple and inexpensive accessory was developed to permit the determination of excitation spectra of fluorescent materials with a recording spectrophotometer. The accessory consists of three front-surfaced mirrors arranged so that the light from the monochromator is redirected to pass through a sample cell at a right angle to ...

The aim of the present study was to determine the possible expression of the mucin MUC16 in the lacrimal apparatus. Expression and distribution of MUC16 in lacrimal gland, accessory lacrimal glands, and nasolacrimal ducts was monitored by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. MUC16 was expressed and detected in all tissues investigated. Comparable to conjunctiva and cornea it was ...

The olfactory system of mammals can be divided into a main and accessory olfactory system with initial processing for each system occurring in the olfactory bulb. The main and accessory olfactory bulbs have similar structural features, even though they appear to be functionally independent. In mammals the main olfactory bulb (MOB) is ...

The HIV protein, Vpr, is a multifunctional accessory protein critical for efficient viral infection of target CD4⁺ T cells and macrophages. Vpr is incorporated into virions and functions to transport the preintegration complex into the nucleus where the process of viral integration into the host genome is ...

Very few cases of pheochromocytoma in functional accessory adrenal glands have been documented in literature. We present a twenty-four year old Nigerian female who presented with pheochromocytoma. Investigations revealed a suprarenal mass, which was diagnosed as an accessory gland adrenal tumour at surgery. This shows that ...

The fine structure of the accessory eye of the shrimp, Palaemonetes, was studied after light and dark adaptation. Adjacent to the principal compound eye, the accessory eye is a small compound eye composed of about 20 ommatidia which are smaller in structure to the ommatidia of the principal compound eye. During dark adaptation, rhabdomal microvilli ...

for identifying pheromone molecules. Key words: vomeronasal organ; accessory olfactory bulb; pheromones; sex in the Accessory Olfactory Bulb Correlate with Sex-Specific Behaviors Arvind Kumar, Carol A. Dudley, and Robert L or accessory olfactory system plays a crucial role because lesions of the vomeronasal organ (VNO

We have studied the direct impact of endotoxin or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on pulmonary vascular endothelial cell (EC) barrier function. We have found that LPS induces (1) tyrosine phosphorylation of a 65kDa protein, paxillin, (2) actin disassem...

Vinclozolin is a fungicide that has been shown to cause Leydig cell tumors and atrophy of the accessory sex glands in adult rodents. In addition, exposure of rats during pregnancy causes a pattern of malformations in the male urogenital tract. A wealth of standard toxicological s...

Resting T lymphocytes that have recognized antigen bound to a major histocompatibility complex molecule with the T-cell receptor require costimulatory signals through accessory receptors, including CD2, CD4, CD8, and CD28, for their clonal growth and expression of their functional repertoires. Absence of costimulation, in contrast, can ...

Radioactive strontium (/sup 89/Sr) is a bone-seeking isotope that becomes incorporated into bone and emits alpha particles, thus destroying hemopoietic cells within marrow cavities. Other hemopoietic tissues are spared and the spleen takes over all stem cell functions of the mouse. This procedure is effectively equivalent to a bone ...

We report here on functional aspects of squirrel monkey T cells isolated either from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or in the presence of accessory cells or accessory-cell-secreted cytokines. The T-cell response triggered by polyclonal activators ...

... of the vas deferens and the accessory male genital gland; Distribution and function of adrenergic nerves in the rabbit fallopian tube; Effects of acute ...

Kinetoplastid RNA (k-RNA) editing is a complex process in the mitochondria of kinetoplastid protozoa, including Trypanosoma brucei, that involves the guide RNA-directed insertion and deletion of uridines from precursor-mRNAs to produce mature, translatable mRNAs. k-RNA editing is performed by multiprotein complexes called editosomes. Additional non-editosome components termed k-RNA-editing ...

Ca(v)2.1 (P/Q-type) channels possess a voltage-sensitive pore-forming alpha(1) subunit that can associate with the accessory subunits alpha(2)delta, beta and gamma. The primary role of Ca(v)2.1 channels is to mediate transmitter release from nerve terminals both in the central and peripheral nervous system. Whole-cell voltage-clamp studies in in vitro ...

... Rats, chronically implanted with microwires in the dorsal accessory olive and arrays of Purkinje cells in the paravermal cerebellum will be ...

Walleye dermal sarcoma virus is a complex retrovirus that is associated with walleye dermal sarcomas that are seasonal in nature. Fall developing tumors contain low levels of spliced accessory gene transcripts A and B, suggesting a role for the encoded proteins, Orf A and Orf B, in oncogenesis. In explanted tumor cells the 35 kDa Orf B ...

Walleye dermal sarcoma virus is a complex retrovirus that is associated with walleye dermal sarcomas that are seasonal in nature. Fall developing tumors contain low levels of spliced accessory gene transcripts A and B, suggesting a role for the encoded proteins, Orf A and Orf B, in oncogenesis. In explanted tumor cells the 35 kDa Orf B ...

In this study, the role of NF-?B1 was examined during toxoplasmosis. While wildtype BALB/c mice generated protective responses, NF-?B1^?/? mice developed Toxoplasmic encephalitis, characterized by increased parasite burden and necrosis in the brain. Susceptibility was primarily associated with a local decrease in the number of CD8⁺ T ...

The proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the replication factors A and C (RF-A and RF-C) are cellular proteins essential for complete elongation of DNA during synthesis from the simian virus 40 origin of DNA replication in vitro. All three cooperate to stimulate processive DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase {delta} on a primed single-stranded M13 template DNA and as such ...

... kinase C activation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) results in T-cell proliferation that is independent of both accessory cells and activation of the ...

... etiology of sporadic and hereditary breast tumors. ... Cells studied were MCF-7 (breast cancer cells). ... 8 complexes were separated from cell lysates ...

Exchange of plasma membrane fragments, including cell-surface proteins and lipids, in conjugates formed between lymphocytes and their cellular partners is a field of intense investigation. Apart from its natural occurrence during Ag recognition, the process of membrane transfer can be triggered in experimental or therapeutic settings when lymphocytes targeted by Abs are ...

Precursors to B-cell lines with immunoglobulin genes in the germ-line context have been shown to be capable of generating mature B cells in vivo. We report here that an interleukin 3-dependent precursor B-cell line, LyD9, differentiated in vitro into mature B cells, producing IgM and IgG by coculture with bone ...

The cytoskeleton is a system of intracellular filaments crucial for cell shape, division, and function in all three domains of life. The simple cytoskeletons of prokaryotes show surprising plasticity in composition, with none of the core filament-forming proteins conserved in all lineages. In contrast, eukaryotic cytoskeletal function ...

, such as the accessory protein Nef [16] and possibly the immediate-early protein Vpr [17] may also induce apoptosis Type 1 Nef protein sensitizes CD4+ T lymphoid cells to apoptosis via functional upregulation of the CD-induced apoptosis of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells on the immune system response of a HIV infected ...

The vacuolar (H⁺)-ATPase (V-ATPase) is an important proton pump, and multiple critical cell-biological processes depend on the proton gradient provided by the pump. Yet, the mechanism underlying the control of the V-ATPase is still elusive but has been hypothesized to involve an accessory subunit of the pump. Here we studied as a ...

In the tiger salamander retina, visual signals are transmitted to the inner retina via six morphologically distinct types of photoreceptors: large/small rods, large/small single cones, and double cones composed of principal and accessory members. The objective of this study was to determine the morphology of these photoreceptors and their synaptic interconnection with bipolar ...

Chromatin remodeling complexes control the availability of DNA binding sites to transcriptional regulators. Two distinct conserved forms of the SWI/SNF class of complexes are characterized by the presence of specific accessory subunits. In Drosophila, the core Brahma complex associates either with Osa to form the BAP complex or with Bap170 and Bap180 to form the PBAP complex. ...

Clathrin-coated vesicles mediate a variety of endocytosis pathways in cells, including endocytic events at synapses. AP180 and clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein (CALM) are clathrin accessory proteins that promote the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. Both proteins bind to membrane lipids through their epsin N-terminal homology ...

The seasonal chronology of the events of the reproductive cycle, and changes in the structure and function of the primary and accessory organs of the male bent-winged bat, Miniopterus schreibersii, were studied at latitude 37 degrees S in temperate southeastern Australia. The testicular cycle commenced in late spring (November), and sperm appeared in the ...

In mice, nonvolatile social cues are detected and analyzed by the accessory olfactory system (AOS). Here we provide a first view of information processing in the AOS with respect to individual chemical cues. 12 sulfated steroids, recently-discovered mouse AOS ligands, caused widespread activity among vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs), yet VSN responses clustered into a small ...

Ventricular preexcitation, which characterizes Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, is caused by the presence of accessory pathways that can rapidly conduct electrical impulses from atria to ventricles, without the intrinsic delay characteristic of the atrioventricular (AV) node. Preexcitation is associated with an increased risk of tachyarrhythmia, palpitations, syncope, and ...

Ventricular preexcitation, which characterizes Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, is caused by the presence of accessory pathways that can rapidly conduct electrical impulses from atria to ventricles, without the intrinsic delay characteristic of the atrioventricular (AV) node. Preexcitation is associated with an increased risk of tachyarrhythmia, palpitations, syncope, and ...

To define the antigen-presenting capacity of alveolar macrophages (AM phi), their ability to activate antigen-specific T cells was determined. It was found that AM phi s are at least as potent as spleen cells at presenting alloantigen or soluble protein antigen plus I-region determinant to cloned T-cell hybridomas. Activation of those ...

Roe deer are seasonal breeders with a short rutting season from mid-July to mid-August. The seasonality of reproductive activity in males is associated with cyclic changes between growth and involution of both testes and the accessory sex glands. This study characterizes morphological and functional parameters of these organs prior to, during and after ...

The glossopharyngeal, vagus and spinal accessory nerves are closely related anatomically, and to a certain extent, functionally. We present an overview of their anatomy, highlighting the important clinical and imaging implications. The main pathologic lesions arising from these nerves are also discussed and the imaging features reviewed. PMID:20233644

Neurogenic genes, including Notch and Delta, are thought to play important roles in regulating cell�cell interactions required for Drosophila sense organ development. To define the requirement of the neurogenic gene neuralized (neu) in this process, two independent neu alleles were used to generate mutant clones. We find that neu is required for determination of ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of host macrophages in the development of allospecific cytolytic T cells (allo-CTLs) in response to purified allogeneic MHC Class I+, Class II- hepatocytes in vivo in hepatocyte sponge matrix allografts (HC-SMA). Depletion of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) from responder splenocytes in mixed lymphocyte ...

The circulating T cell pool of an MHC class II-deficient patient was shown to lack the MHC class II-specific T cell functions. This was demonstrated by the absence of MHC class II-specific alloreactive T cells and a substantially decreased number of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes. The patient's T ...

... estradiol-treatment has also been found in different accessory sex organs of the rabbit [20] and rat [11]. Many ... the weights and histology of the epididymis and sex accessory organs of sexually immatur...

The mechanism for genetic errors and genomic instability in breast cancer cells have not been fully delineated. Defects in DNA polymerase delta and its accessory proteins could contribute to the molecular etiology of breast cancer. DNA polymerase delta an...

The goal of this investigation is to test the hypothesis that estrogen agonists and antagonists promote differential transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor (ER) by altering accessory protein interactions. We have shown that one or more ER-assoc...

The goal of this investigation is to test the hypothesis that estrogen agonists and antagonists promote differential transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor (ER) by altering accessory protein interactions. We have shown that one or more ER-assoc...

In the visual system, deletion of connexin 57 (Cx57) reduces gap junction coupling among horizontal cells and results in smaller receptive fields. To explore potential functions of Cx57 in olfaction, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry methods were used to investigate expression of Cx57 in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. ...

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been used by several investigators to successfully abrogate accessory cell function, however its mode of action remains unclear. The findings indicate that dendritic cells (DC) are exquisitely sensitive to UVR and therefore, UVR may provide a good probe to study DC ...

Summary.? While blood vessels clearly have a fundamental role in supplying oxygen and nutrients, and transporting inflammatory cells throughout the body, they are also involved in organogenesis and maintenance. Blood vessels provide a niche that supports self-renewal of stem cell populations in normal organs. This role unfortunately also extends to the ...

The HIV-1 accessory protein Nef is well known for its manipulation of host cell endosomal trafficking. By linking transmembrane proteins to endosomal coats, Nef removes them from the surface of infected cells. Modulation of MHC proteins leads to viral evasion of cellular adaptive immunity, whereas modulation of receptors for the HIV ...

... Other Accessories Steps to reduce exposure to radiofrequency energy If there is a risk from being exposed to radiofrequency energy (RF) from cell phones--and at this point ...

Since thermal gradients are almost everywhere, thermosensation could represent one of the oldest sensory transduction processes that evolved in organisms. There are many examples of temperature changes affecting the physiology of living cells. Almost all classes of biological macromolecules in a cell (nucleic acids, lipids, proteins) can present a target ...

Ion channels in glomerular mesangial cells from humans, rats, and mice have been studied by electrophysiological, molecular, and gene-knockout methods. Two channels, a large, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (BK) and a store-operated Ca(2+) channel (SOCC), can be defined with respect to molecular structure and function. Human BK, comprised of a pore-forming ...

The ultrastructure of the ovary of the amphilinidean cestode Amphilina japonica Goto & Ishii, 1936 from the body-cavity of the American sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus Richardson is described using transmission electron microscopy. The characters of the ovary of Amphilina japonica are different from those of all other cestodes. The most important difference is in the nature of the ...