We report a case of deep peroneal neuropathy resulting in foot drop with preserved toe extension. These unexpected findings were the result of the presence of an accessory deep peroneal nerve that provided total innervation of the extensor digitorum brevis. We review the literature on total innervation of the ...

... The electrical response activity of single nerve cells in the accessory nucleus of the superior olive was studied. Stimulus ...

This case report presents a surgical case in which an accessory branch of the mental nerve exited the mandible distal and slightly superior to the mental foramen. Careful manipulation of the surgical site allowed proper identification of the mental nerve, and the accessory branch and permanent ...

The prognosis for surgical treatment in cases of upper brachial plexus palsy due to spinal roots avulsion is somewhat better than in cases of total palsy. The main reasons are better possibilities for surgical reinnervation using regional donors i.e. the medial pectoral and the thoracodorsal nerves, and a shorter time span for nerve regeneration. Regional ...

... through earphones to the two ears of anesthetized cats, and the electrical response activity of single nerve cells in the accessory nucleus of the ...

The accessory mental nerve and the corresponding foramen are not a very common occurrence. In the current case report, we present the notice of an accessory mental nerve in the mandibular molar area during implant placement. The case was managed well without any complications. PMID:21772727

The accessory mental nerve and the corresponding foramen are not a very common occurrence. In the current case report, we present the notice of an accessory mental nerve in the mandibular molar area during implant placement. The case was managed well without any complications.

The prevalence of high cervical spinal cord injury has been rising and the life quality of these survivors remains poor. Even though mechanical ventilation prolongs their lifespans, the complications of mechanical obstruction and infection always perplex the doctors and patients. While phrenic nerve pacing was developed to improve the survival quality of them and have an ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to demonstrate that ultrasonography may allow a precise assessment of the course and relationships of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study, initially undertaken in 7 cadavers, was followed by high-resolution ultrasonographic study in 15 volunteers (30 nerves) by two ...

Background:Brachial plexus injuries represent devastating injuries with a poor prognosis. Neurolysis, nerve repair, nerve grafts, nerve transfer, functioning free-muscle transfer and pedicle muscle transfer are the main surgical procedures for treating these injuries. Among these, nerve transfer or neurotization is ...

... of accessory units are presented and discussed. Descriptors : *Hearing, *Auditory nerve, Psychophysiology, Electrophysiology, Nerves, Senses ...

The glossopharyngeal, vagus and spinal accessory nerves are closely related anatomically, and to a certain extent, functionally. We present an overview of their anatomy, highlighting the important clinical and imaging implications. The main pathologic lesions arising from these nerves are also discussed and the imaging features ...

The morphological development of the accessory olfactory bulb of the fetal pig was studied by classical and histo-chemical methods, and the vomeronasal organ and nasal septum were studied histochemically. Specimens were obtained from an abattoir and their ages estimated from their crown-to-rump length. The accessory olfactory bulb was structurally mature ...

The accessory limb model has become an alternative model for performing investigations of limb regeneration in an amputated limb. In the accessory limb model, a complete patterned limb can be induced as a result of an interaction between the wound epithelium, a nerve and dermal fibroblasts in the skin. Studies ...

We examined the range of the accessory mental foramen [AMF] and its accessory mental nerve in three Japanese cadavers. The diameters of the AMF were relatively small: 0.74 mm, 0.80 mm and 0.89 mm. The distances between the mental foramen and AMF were: 0.67 mm, 2.1 mm and 5.74 mm. The distribution of the accessory ...

A number of previous studies have indicated that lectin histochemistry is an obvious choice for characterizing the vomeronasal system. However, apparently inconsistent results have been obtained: notably, the affinity with which various lectins bind to the accessory olfactory bulb varies among taxa, even considering closely related species. In the present ...

Contents: Nerves of the liver and bile ducts; The tibial and common peroneal nerves in man and macaca; The internal branch of the accessory nerve in California sea lions; Quantitative analysis of the participation of the vagus nerve in the formation of th...

Classically, the accessory nerve is described as having a cranial and a spinal root. Textbooks are inconsistent with regard to the modality of the spinal root of the accessory nerve. Some authors report the spinal root as general somatic efferent (GSE), while others list a special visceral efferent (SVE) ...

... peaks in and near the accessory nucleus. ... (Author). Descriptors : *NERVOUS SYSTEM, *BRAIN, PHYSIOLOGY, NERVE IMPULSES, STIMULATION ...

... of the vas deferens and the accessory male genital gland; Distribution and function of adrenergic nerves in the rabbit fallopian tube; Effects of acute ...

Peripheral nerve lesions are uncommon but serious injuries which may delay or preclude an athlete's safe return to sports. Early, accurate anatomical diagnosis is essential. Nerve lesions may be due to acute injury (e.g. from a direct blow) or chronic injury secondary to repetitive microtrauma (entrapment). Accurate diagnosis is based upon physical ...

Introduction:Brachial plexus injury leading to flail upper limb is one of the most disabling injuries. Neglect of the injury and delay in surgeries may preclude reinnervation of the paralysed muscles. Currently for such injuries nerve transfers are the preferred procedures. We here present a series of 93 cases of global brachial plexus palsy treated with ...

Droopy shoulder has been proposed as a cause of thoracic outlet syndrome. Two patients developed manifestations of neurovascular compression upon arm abduction, associated with unilateral droopy shoulder and trapezius muscle weakness caused by iatrogenic spinal accessory neuropathies following cervical lymph node biopsies. The first patient developed a cold, numb hand with ...

The distribution of binding sites for the lectins Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, Soybean agglutinin, Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin I-isolectin B4, and Vicia villosa agglutinin in the mink olfactory bulb was investigated. All lectins except Ulex europaeus agglutinin I bound exclusively and systematically to a single area of the olfactory bulb. This area corresponded to that in which the ...

We reviewed the results of repair of the spinal accessory nerve in seven patients seen between September 1994 and January 1996. The nerve had been injured during biopsy of a cervical lymph node in six patients and during removal of a bullet in one. The average interval between the time of the injury and the repair ...

Muscular variations of the flexor compartment of forearm are usual and can result in multiple clinical conditions limiting the functions of forearm and hand. The variations of the muscles, especially accessory muscles may simulate soft tissue tumors and can result in nerve compressions. During a routine dissection ...

Muscular variations of the flexor compartment of forearm are usual and can result in multiple clinical conditions limiting the functions of forearm and hand. The variations of the muscles, especially accessory muscles may simulate soft tissue tumors and can result in nerve compressions. During a routine dissection ...

BACKGROUND:: Six-hundred fifty-five cases of unilateral facial paralysis were treated by different surgical methods to achieve dynamic reanimation of facial muscle movement. In a retrospective study, the recovery of both truly spontaneous smile and facial muscle movement were independently evaluated. METHODS:: Five-hundred five two-stage gracilis, one rectus abdominis, and fourteen single-stage ...

Compression syndromes of the ulnar nerve are more often located proximally in the cubital tunnel than distally in Guyon's canal. In many cases anatomic structures can be found that induce compression. These may be ganglia, tumours, vascular abnormalities, crossing fibrous bands or accessory muscles. The ulnar nerve has therefore to be ...

We herein describe a case of accessory parotid gland tumor, including diagnosis and surgical approach. The accessory parotid gland is salivary tissue separated from the main parotid gland and lying on masseter muscle. It has secondary duct empting into the Stensen's duct. The accessory parotid gland exists in 21-61 % of individuals. ...

During the gross anatomy dissection of a 50-year-old male cadaver, we observed persistent median artery piercing median nerve (Figure 1). The median artery was long and slender. It arose from the ulnar artery, just above the origin of the common interosseous artery. Immediately after its origin, it pierced the median nerve and terminated before reaching ...

Twenty-four human legs were dissected macroscopically to study the morphological details of the accessory deep peroneal nerve. This nerve arose from the superficial peroneal nerve and descended in the lateral compartment of the leg, deep to peroneus longus along the posterior border of peroneus brevis. Approaching ...

Twenty-four human legs were dissected macroscopically to study the morphological details of the accessory deep peroneal nerve. This nerve arose from the superficial peroneal nerve and descended in the lateral compartment of the leg, deep to peroneus longus along the posterior border of peroneus brevis. Approaching ...

The arrangement of the nerve bundles at the branching point of the femoral nerve (F), the interrelations of the branches each other and toward other nerves in the anterior region of the thigh, and the patterns and the anatomical features of both the running courses and the distributions of the branches were macroscopically studied, ...

SUMMARY:: Shoulder abduction is a very complex movement and quite important for upper limb function, as more distal functions depend on a stable shoulder, especially in C5, C6 brachial plexus injuries. Various studies in the literature have emphasized the importance of improved functional outcome and shoulder reanimation with concomitant neurotization of suprascapular nerve ...

We retrospectively evaluated the effect of exercise on the degree of decrement in ulnar, spinal accessory, and facial repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) in 179 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) to assess whether exercise increases the diagnostic yield of identifying significant decrements. The mean worsening of decrement following exercise was 1.9% ...

The morphological development of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of the sheep from anlage to birth were studied by classical and histochemical methods using embryos and fetuses obtained from an abattoir with ages estimated from crown-to-rump length. Both VNO and AOB developed in a biologically logical sequence and completed their morphological ...

... second branch. More laterally, there is the larger vagus foramen for the exit of the jugular vein, and the vagus (X) and accessory (XI) cranial nerves. This foramen ... ...

BackgroundAccessory Deep Peroneal Nerve (ADPN) is an anatomic variation that can potentially cause disturbance in electrodiagnostic studies. This anomaly could be detected by nerve conduction studies. There are no recent updates about prevalence of this anatomic variation. Electrodiagnostic medicine clinic is the best environment for ...

Study Design:Resident's Case StudyBackground/Introduction:The reports of spinal accessory nerve injury in the literature primarily focus on injury following surgical dissection or traumatic stretch injury. There is limited literature describing the presentation and diagnosis of this injury with an unknown cause. The purpose of this case report is to ...

The failure to achieve complete mandibular anesthesia is a problem that occurs in as high as 20% of all cases. The explanations vary from faulty anesthetic solutions to faulty technique, to anatomic or physiologic variations. Accessory nerve innervation f...

Motor tics of the head and neck, especially hemifacial spasm and spastic torticollis, are the substance of this paper. Forty-six cases are presented, and surgical techniques are described. In hemifacial spasm the intracranial neurovascular lysis of Jannetta is a valid operation with the best results to date but has a 7 1/2% risk of unilateral deafness. The extracranial ...

This concludes a series of descriptive statistical reports on discrete cranial traits in 81 human populations from around the world. Four variants classified as vessel and nerve related characters were investigated: patent condylar canal, supraorbital foramen; accessory infraorbital foramen; and accessory mental foramen. A significant ...

This concludes a series of descriptive statistical reports on discrete cranial traits in 81 human populations from around the world. Four variants classified as vessel and nerve related characters were investigated: patent condylar canal; supraorbital foramen; accessory infraorbital foramen; and accessory mental foramen. A significant ...

In this retrospective study with limited cone-beam computed tomography (limited CBCT), we investigated the anatomic characteristics of the accessory mental foramina and accessory branches of the mandibular canal. The CBCT records of approximately 150 patients were evaluated, and 17 accessory mental foramina were found in 16 patients. ...

BACKGROUND: Elbow flexion and shoulder abduction are the primary goals in brachial plexus surgery; however, reinnervation of the triceps is also an objective to be considered, as restoration of elbow extension improves the stabilization of the elbow and can provide a more powerful grasp. This study aims to demonstrate the author's experience with restoration of elbow extension function in cases of ...

We report the first description of ultrasound-guided spinal accessory nerve blockade using single-shot and subsequently continuous infusion (via a perineural catheter) local anaesthetic techniques, for the diagnosis and treatment of myofascial pain affecting the trapezius muscle. A 38-year-old man presented with a two-year history of incapacitating left ...

Shoulder complaints and functional impairment are common sequelae of neck dissection. This is often attributed to injury of the spinal accessory nerve by dissection or direct trauma. Nevertheless, shoulder morbidity may also occur in cases in which the spinal accessory nerve has been preserved. In this article, the ...

Kiloh-Nevin syndrome caused by compressive neuropathy of the anterior interosseous nerve in the forearm is believed to occur because of its compression by the accessory head of flexor pollicis longus (FPLah). Gantzer described two accessory muscles, the more frequent is the FPLah and the less frequently observed is the flexor digitorum ...

BACKGROUND: Using grafts directed to distal targets in brachial plexus reconstruction has the advantage over proximal targets of avoiding axonal dispersion. A long graft (more than 10�cm) is needed to reach most distal targets. The objective of this article is to identify factors associated with good versus poor outcomes in a clinical series of long grafts used for distal brachial plexus ...

... that defines a neuroma is the result of compression and irritation of the nerve. This compression creates enlargement of the nerve, eventually leading to ...

trodes: the facial nerve and the pterygopalatine portion of the internal carotid artery. Injury to the seventh nerve resulted in left facial palsies in all ...

Test results on accessory coatings, sealants, and polymeric products are presented. This was one part of a five-part investigation to evaluate concrete and accessory materials under a variety of temperature-pressure-salinity conditions encountered in a se...

Free transplant of gracilis muscle is the criterion-standard technique in dynamic rehabilitation of long-standing facial paralysis in which the facial musculature is atrophied. When the facial nerve is not available because of a bilateral lesion, other sources are the masseteric, hypoglossal, or accessory nerves. Although the use of ...

This article concludes the series on cranial nerves, with review of the final four (IX-XII). To summarize briefly, the most important and common syndrome caused by a disorder of the glossopharyngeal nerve (craniel nerve IX) is glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Also, swallowing function occasionally is compromised in a rare but disabling form ...

This article concludes the series on cranial nerves, with review of the final four (IX�XII). To summarize briefly, the most important and common syndrome caused by a disorder of the glossopharyngeal nerve (craniel nerve IX) is glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Also, swallowing function occasionally is compromised in a rare but disabling ...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a growth factor belonging to the family of neurotrophins. Although neurotrophins in the male genital organs have been well documented, their role in the biology of these organs is far from clear. In particular, little is known about the influence of sex hormones on neurotrophin expression. In the present study, using immunohistochemistry and ...

Studying the ultrastructure of simple sensory corpuscles in the glabrous skin in the hedgehog snout the authors followed the accessory nerve fibres in the examined corpuscles. The accessory nerve fibres were divided into four groups: a) The accessory nerve fibres containing ...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of distal spinal accessory nerve (SAN) transfer to the suprascapular nerve (SSN) in children with brachial plexus birth injuries in order to better define the application and outcome of this transfer in these infants. Over a 3-year period, 34 infants with brachial plexus injuries ...

Ca(v)2.1 (P/Q-type) channels possess a voltage-sensitive pore-forming alpha(1) subunit that can associate with the accessory subunits alpha(2)delta, beta and gamma. The primary role of Ca(v)2.1 channels is to mediate transmitter release from nerve terminals both in the central and peripheral nervous system. Whole-cell voltage-clamp studies in in vitro ...

We report a patient with Villaret's syndrome (left hypoglossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, and hypoglossal nerve palsies and left Horner's sign) caused by internal carotid artery dissection. He had neck pain on the left side, Horner's sign on the left side and paralysis of the ...

Common peroneal nerve compression is a well-recognized entity that can cause severe debilitating clinical manifestations. The current literature describes numerous locations and mechanisms of compression, including both structural and systemic causes. Anatomical variants should be considered part of the differential diagnosis in peroneal nerve impingement. ...

Meralgia paresthetica is a rarely encountered sensory mononeuropathy characterized by paresthesia, pain or sensory impairment along the distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) caused by entrapment or compression of the nerve as it crossed the anterior superior iliac spine and runs beneath the inguinal ligament. There is great variability ...

Objectives. Pontine tegmental cap dysplasia (PTCD) is a rare congenital malformation. Clinical and imaging findings in 3 patients and the authors' experience with bilateral cochlear implantation in 1 patient are described. Study Design. Retrospective review. Setting. Two tertiary medical centers. Subjects and Methods. Three patients were evaluated by an otolaryngologist and underwent magnetic ...

The authors report a case of functional improvement of the paralyzed diaphragm in high cervical quadriplegia via phrenic nerve neurotization using a functional spinal accessory nerve. Complete spinal cord injury at the C-2 level was diagnosed in a 44-year-old man. Left diaphragm activity was decreased, and the right diaphragm was ...

IntroductionAccessory muscles and anatomic variations are well described at the Guyon's canal. Though this case report is similar to variants published in previous reports, it differs from the rest due to rapidity of worsening of symptoms in few months following use of cane.Case presentationWe report a case of 69 year old man with ulnar nerve compression ...

Commercial spectrophotometers can be used with suitable accessories (specular reflectance accessories, integrating spheres) to perform accurate measurements on second-surface reflecting mirrors normally used for solar collectors. In this article the results obtained with different spectrophotometers and accessories ...

With 2 figures and 2 tables SUMMARY: The function and/or morphological features of the vomeronasal olfactory system remain unclear in aquatic animals, although the system appeared first in urodeles based on phylogenic data. We examined the lectin binding patterns in the olfactory bulb of a semi-aquatic urodele, the Japanese red-bellied newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, using 22 different lectins. Eleven ...

Peripheral nerve injury repair is one of the most challenging problems in neurosurgery, partially due to lack of knowledge of three-dimensional (3-D) fine structure and organization of peripheral nerves. In this paper, we explored the structures of nerve fibers in ventral and dorsal nerves with a laser scanning ...

Entrapment neuropathy in the forearm is not uncommon. Surgical interference for nerve decompression should be preceded by accurate diagnosis of the exact cause and site of the nerve entrapment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of accessory heads of the flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus ...

Nerve scarring can cause severe pain and dysfunction. Treatment of the scarred nerve frequently yields unpredictable results. A barrier wrap around the scarred nerve could be of benefit in preventing the recurrence of epineural scarring following neurolysis. The barrier would ideally be inert so as to not incite an ...

... connects with the metotic fissure and is the vagus foramen for transmitting of the vagus and accessory [X and XI] cranial nerves (Fig. ... in Kentrosaurus and Stegosaurus (Galton, 1988, 2001), or vagus fo...

...gonads; uterus; accessory genital organs (epididymis, prostate, and, if present, seminal vesicles; female mammary gland; aorta; gall bladder (if present); skin; musculature; peripheral nerve; spinal cord at three levels�cervical,...

The description of a bilaterally well developed, bicipital and bipennate accessory extensor carpi radialis muscle is reported. The muscle arose between the origins of the long and short radial carpal extensor muscles and inserted by 2 tendons into the 1st 2 metacarpal bones. The ulnar tendinous insertion was simultaneously the origin of abductor pollicis brevis. Both heads of ...

After surgical section of the vomeronasal nerves the neurosensory cells in the vomeronasal epithelium die. Electron microscopy has been used to demonstrate that their axons, and synaptic terminals in the accessory olfactory bulb degenerate and are removed by phagocytic astroglia. The vacated postsynaptic sites in the accessory bulb ...

We report on a 6-year-old child presenting with subacute foot drop. Neurophysiologic and radiologic studies revealed a peroneal nerve compression secondary to fibular exostosis. Before undergoing surgical removal of the exostosis, the patient underwent further neurophysiologic and ultrasonographic evaluation that showed the presence of an accessory ...

The present study was designed and performed on 20 human adult cadavers at the level of the retroperitoneal space in order to provide evidence of the paravertebral and prevertebral sympathetic ganglia. Only one specimen, male, presented two ganglia on the left side located on the first lumbar splanchnic nerve, one proximal and the other distal. The macroscopically detected ...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a growth factor belonging to the family of neurotrophins. Neurotrophins exert their effects by binding to corresponding receptors, which are formed by the tyrosine receptor kinases TrkA, TrkB and TrkC, and the low-affinity p75NTR receptor. The role of neurotrophins in the biology of male genital organs is far from clear. In particular, little is known ...

BackgroundChronic problems from whiplash trauma generally include headache, pain and neck stiffness that may prove refractory to conservative treatment modalities. As has previously been reported, such afflicted patients may experience significant temporary relief with injections of local anesthetic to painful trigger points in muscles of the shoulder and neck, or lasting symptomatic improvement ...

... and confirm the validity of the results obtained from the model analysis by the experimental study of the magnetic peripheral nerve stimulation. ...

Correct identification of the causes of dental anesthetic failure is essential in order to adopt the required measures for successful anesthesia. A review is made of the factors implicated in locoregional anesthesia failure, such as a bifid inferior alveolar nerve, retromolar foramen associated to accessory innervation, double or ...

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:: The main therapeutic approach for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) of the brachial plexus is wide local excision. Sacrifice of some-occasionally all-elements of the brachial plexus often is required to obtain complete resection, and therefore can be associated with significant morbidity. While peripheral nerve ...

We herein report a case showing the simultaneous occurrence of an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) and accessory lobe of the liver in a 75-year-old female cadaver. In the thorax, the left aortic arch branched into the right common carotid artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery, and ARSA, in that order. The ARSA was dilated at its origin to form ...

The three centrally located putative accessory neurons of the muscle receptor organ (MRO) of the isopod Ligia exotica were identified to the third segmental nerve (N3) of the thoracic ganglion by backfilling with Lucifer Yellow. These neurons were then studied intracellularly and extracellularly to determine whether they suppressed the stretch-activated ...

BackgroundInternal reproductive organ size is an important determinant of male reproductive success. While the response of testis length to variation in the intensity of sperm competition is well documented across many taxa, few studies address the importance of testis size in determining other components of male reproductive success (such as mating frequency) or the significance of size variation ...

.2 mutant embryos using anti-neuro�lament 2H3 antibody6 revealed that the hypo- glossal motor nerve (XII) and vagus (X) and spinal accessory (XI) nerves are present (data not shown). The position of origin, transcription factor pro�le, and migratory pattern of facial/glossopharyngeal, abducens, trochlear and oculomo

Nerve tubes, guides, or conduits are a promising alternative for autologous nerve graft repair. The first biodegradable empty single lumen or hollow nerve tubes are currently available for clinical use and are being used mostly in the repair of small-diameter nerves with nerve defects of < 3 ...

BackgroundPurpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of spinal accessory to suprascapular nerve transfer (XI-SSN) done for restoration of shoulder function and partial transfer of ulnar nerve to the motor branch to the biceps muscle for the recovery of elbow flexion (Oberlin transfer).MethodsThis is a prospective ...