for identifying pheromone molecules. Key words: vomeronasal organ; accessory olfactory bulb; pheromones; sex in the Accessory Olfactory Bulb Correlate with Sex-Specific Behaviors Arvind Kumar, Carol A. Dudley, and Robert L or accessory ...

The distribution of binding sites for the lectins Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, Soybean agglutinin, Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin I-isolectin B4, and Vicia villosa agglutinin in the mink olfactory bulb was investigated. All lectins except Ulex europaeus agglutinin I bound exclusively and systematically to a single area of the ...

The efferent connections of the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb of two species of garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis and T. radix were studied with experimental anterograde degeneration techniques. Axons of cells located in the olfactory ...

Projections from the olfactory bulbs have been traditionally described as 'nontopographically organized'. Olfactory and vomeronasal projections have been reported to reach nonoverlapping cortical areas. Four receptor expression zones have been described in the olfactory epithelium, maintained in the main ...

This study reinvestigates the efferent projections of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs and describes for the first time the centrifugal projections to the main and accessory olfactory bulbs in the snake Thamnophis sirtalis, using the intraaxonal transport of the ...

The morphological development of the accessory olfactory bulb of the fetal pig was studied by classical and histo-chemical methods, and the vomeronasal organ and nasal septum were studied histochemically. Specimens were obtained from an abattoir and their ages estimated from their crown-to-rump length. The ...

Developmental studies examining the changes in oxidative metabolic activity are useful for understanding how and if the vomeronasal and olfactory systems respond to stimulation during embryogenesis. Garter snakes are good candidates for examining the potential functionality of the vomeronasal system in utero. In adult garter snakes, the vomeronasal system mediates many ...

The olfactory system of mammals can be divided into a main and accessory olfactory system with initial processing for each system occurring in the olfactory bulb. The main and accessory olfactory bulbs have similar structural ...

With 2 figures and 2 tables SUMMARY: The function and/or morphological features of the vomeronasal olfactory system remain unclear in aquatic animals, although the system appeared first in urodeles based on phylogenic data. We examined the lectin binding patterns in the olfactory bulb of a semi-aquatic urodele, the Japanese red-bellied ...

After surgical section of the vomeronasal nerves the neurosensory cells in the vomeronasal epithelium die. Electron microscopy has been used to demonstrate that their axons, and synaptic terminals in the accessory olfactory bulb degenerate and are removed by phagocytic astroglia. The vacated postsynaptic sites in the ...

In the visual system, deletion of connexin 57 (Cx57) reduces gap junction coupling among horizontal cells and results in smaller receptive fields. To explore potential functions of Cx57 in olfaction, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry methods were used to investigate expression of Cx57 in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory ...

A number of previous studies have indicated that lectin histochemistry is an obvious choice for characterizing the vomeronasal system. However, apparently inconsistent results have been obtained: notably, the affinity with which various lectins bind to the accessory olfactory bulb varies among taxa, even considering closely related ...

representation of the spatial code for odors after olfactory classical conditioning; memory trace formation. Yuan Q, Harley CW, McLean JH, Knopfel T. Optical imaging of odor preference memory in the rat olfactory Cells of the Accessory Olfactory Bulb Excitatory Actions of Noradrenaline and ...

The continuous production and addition of new neurons during life in the olfactory bulb is well accepted and has been extensively studied in rodents. This process could allow the animals to adapt to a changing environment. Olfactory neurogenesis begins in the subventricular zone where stem cells proliferate and give rise to young ...

Most mammals rely on semiochemicals, such as pheromones, to mediate their social interactions. Recent studies found that semiochemicals are perceived by at least two distinct chemosensory systems: the main and accessory olfactory systems, which share many molecular, cellular, and anatomical features. Nevertheless, the division of labor between these ...

Lectin binding patterns in the olfactory bulb of the Japanese common toad, Bufo japonicus, were examined using 21 types of lectin. Ten out of 21 lectins, WGA, s-WGA, LEL, STL, DBA, VVA, SJA, RCA-I, PNA, and PHA-L, stained the olfactory nerve, the glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb (MOB), the ...

... were made of the activity of single neurons in the olfactory bulbs of anesthetized ... produced an alteration in firing rate in some olfactory bulb neurons ...

Olfactory cues are thought to play a crucial role in the detection of the milk source at birth in mammals. It has been shown that a marsupial, the tammar wallaby, can detect olfactory cues from its mother's pouch at birth. This study investigates whether the main olfactory and accessory ...

The staggerer mutation is characterized by the disruption of a single recessive gene encoding for the nuclear hormone receptor RORalpha. In addition to the well-studied gene expression in the cerebellum causing massive primary Purkinje cell loss, the RORalpha gene is also expressed in the thalamus and the olfactory bulb. A quantitative histochemical study ...

Although it is now established that sensory neurons in both the main olfactory epithelium and the vomeronasal organ may be activated by both general and pheromonal odorants, it remains unclear what initiates sampling by the vomeronasal organ. Anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase was used to determine that adequate intranasal syringing with zinc ...

Female mice form an olfactory memory of male pheromones at mating; exposure to the pheromones of a strange male after that mating will block pregnancy. The formation of this memory is mediated by the accessory olfactory system, in which an increase in norepinephrine after mating reduces inhibitory transmission of ?-aminobutyric acid ...

Within the central nervous system, the olfactory system fascinates by its developmental and physiological particularities, and is one of the most studied models to understand the mechanisms underlying the guidance of growing axons to their appropriate targets. A constellation of contact-mediated (laminins, CAMs, ephrins, etc.) and secreted mechanisms (semaphorins, slits, ...

with the differential development of the accessory sex structures during embryogenesis as described by Alfred Jost a few that are caused by the `organizing effect of perinatal androgen' and that can be related to sex differences Male circuit Female circuit Accessory olfactory bulb Vomeronasal organ Female Male mPOA ...

the analogy with the differential development of the accessory sex structures during embryogenesis this Developmental Organization fol- lowed by Adult Activation paradigm, one tends to view sex differences in brain Female circuit Accessory olfactory bulb Vomeronasal organ Female Male mPOA mPOA VMN VMN Receptivity

Professor Ronald McKay explains that neurons in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb are unique in that they are produced throughout life. This is known as neurogenesis.

The projection neurons in the olfactory bulb (mitral and tufted cells) send axons through the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) onto several structures of the olfactory cortex. However, little is known of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying establishment of functional connectivity from the ...

... [6]. We then turned to modeling the olfactory bulb, the first stage of olfactory' information processing in vertebrates. The ...

The morphological development of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of the sheep from anlage to birth were studied by classical and histochemical methods using embryos and fetuses obtained from an abattoir with ages estimated from crown-to-rump length. Both VNO and AOB developed in a biologically logical ...

The vomeronasal system (VNS) is an accessory olfactory system that in tetrapod vertebrates is composed of specific receptor neurons in the nasal organ and a set of centers in the forebrain that receive and relay the information consecutively towards the hypothalamus. Thus, only in tetrapods the VNS comprises a discrete vomeronasal (Jacobson's) organ, which ...

As discussed in the first part of this review, the development of the olfactory system offers a series of fascinating peculiarities that make it one of the models that has been most widely studied in order to reach an understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of the nervous system. In the first part we reviewed the different mechanisms based on contact ...

This paper is an account of the afferent and efferent projections of the nucleus sphericus (NS), which is the major secondary vomeronasal structure in the brain of the snake Thamnophis sirtalis. There are four major efferent pathways from the NS: 1) a bilateral projection that courses, surrounding the accessory olfactory tract, and innervates several ...

Ithas previously been demonstrated that it is possible to map active regions of the brain using MRI relying on the fact that Mn(2+) ion enters excitable cells through voltage-gated calcium channels and is an excellent relaxation agent. In addition, Mn(2+) has been shown to trace neuronal connections in the mouse olfactory and visual systems, enabling MRI neuronal tract ...

The olfactory bulb receives a dense serotonergic input and appears to require serotonergic input in early olfactory associational learning. However, it is not known which cell types receive the serotonergic input or whether the cells express markers for the input throughout life. These issues need resolution in order for the mechanisms ...

The morphology of the vomeronasal organ complex was histologically described in eight out of fourteen chiropteran species investigated. Of the six families examined, all except the family Pteropodidae (suborder Megachiroptera) were found to have at least one member possessing the organ. The organ is best developed in phyllostomatids. It is absent in vespertilionids (including a Myotis embryo) ...

We used carbocyanine dye tracing techniques in conjunction with hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry for GAP-43, and tritiated thymidine autoradiography to examine the development of the olfactory pathways in early pouch young tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). The overarching aim was to test the hypothesis that the olfactory system of ...

While there is evidence that feedback projections from cortical and neuromodulatory structures to the olfactory bulb are crucial for maintaining the oscillatory dynamics of olfactory bulb processing, it is not clear how changes in dynamics are related to odor perception. Using electrical lesions of the ...

The ability of sensory systems to detect and process information from the environment relies on the elaboration of precise connections between sensory neurons in the periphery and second order neurons in the CNS. In mice, the accessory olfactory system is thought to regulate a wide variety of social and sexual behaviors. The expression of the Slit ...

Central vasopressin facilitates social recognition and modulates numerous complex social behaviors in mammals, including parental behavior, aggression, affiliation, and pair-bonding. In rodents, social interactions are primarily mediated by the exchange of olfactory information, and there is evidence that vasopressin signaling is important in brain areas where ...

... anatomically that many kinds of birds have large olfactory bulbs. The distribution pattern of the olfactory mucosa in ... cell, has one unmyelinated axon extending to the olfactory bulb. It has already be...

Most vertebrates have two olfactory organs, the olfactory epithelium (OE) and the vomeronasal organ. African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, which spends their entire life in water, have three types of olfactory sensory epithelia: the OE, the middle chamber epithelium (MCE) and the vomeronasal epithelium (VNE). The axons from these ...

in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of mice as they sniff another mouse, the re- searchers have discovered neurons that vary their activity in response to the sex and ge- netic strain of the sniffee. This suggests are detected by re- ceptors in a small, cigar-shaped cavity at the back of the nose, the vomeronasal organ (VNO

Newly born neurons continuously migrate into the main and accessory olfactory bulbs and modulate the output of projection neurons. Despite some contradictory results, it is becoming clear that these newly born neurons play an important role in the response to some odorant cues. In this minireview, we discuss the recent findings ...

. Y. (2004) Sexual dimorphism of the vomeronasal organ and the accessory olfactory bulbJournal of Neurocytology 34, 135�147 (2005) The vomeronasal organ of greater bushbabies (Otolemur spp.): Species, sex, and age differences TIMOTHY D. SMITH1,2, , KUNWAR P. BHATNAGAR3 , ANNE M. BURROWS

, these putative AOB mitral cells were activated only after test animals directly con- tacted and actively stimulus animals had no effect on the cell's firing rate. Of 34 units for which at least four stimulus trials of initial presentation of stimulus animals to 43 cells, significant inhibito- ry responses were

Olfactory reception is mediated by olfactory receptor cells located in the olfactory epithelium. These cells are bipolar neurons that extend a dendrite toward the nasal lumen and an axon toward the olfactory bulb in the brain. The dendrite possesses a gro...

The report demonstrates by dissection the olfactory bulb and tract, the medial and lateral olfactory stria, and the points of termination o f the olfactory tract within the telencephalan.

Plethodontid terrestrial salamanders are emerging models in the study of the evolution of chemical communication in vertebrates. Their vomeronasal system is well defined. It comprises sensory neurons in the epithelium of the vomeronasal organ, whose axons form the vomeronasal nerve projecting to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), ...

We have examined the histogenesis of the olfactory system during turbot development using histological and immunohistochemical methods. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry was used to detect dividing cells, whereas calretinin (CR) immunohistochemistry was used to distinguish some neuronal components of the olfactory system. ...

The cortical (CoA) and the medial (MeA) nuclei of the amygdala are involved in the processing of olfactory information relevant to social recognition in the ewe. To better understand the neural pathways responsible for these effects, the connections of both CoA and MeA with the telencephalic and diencephalic regions were studied by injecting an anterograde ...

We previously found that female mice exhibited Fos responses in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) after exposure to volatile opposite-, but not same-sex, urinary odours. This effect was eliminated by lesioning the main olfactory epithelium, raising the possibility that the AOB receives information about gender via ...

We previously found that female mice exhibited Fos responses in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) after exposure to volatile opposite-sex, but not same-sex, urinary odours. This effect was eliminated by lesioning the main olfactory epithelium, raising the possibility that the AOB receives information about gender ...

The main olfactory system, like the accessory olfactory system, responds to pheromones involved in social communication. Whereas pheromones detected by the accessory system are transmitted to the hypothalamus via the medial ('vomeronasal') amygdala, the pathway by which pheromones are detected and transmitted by ...

When tested in the olfactory cued social recognition/discrimination test, rats and mice differ in their retention of a recognition memory for a previously encountered conspecific juvenile: Rats are able to recognize a given juvenile for approximately 45 min only whereas mice show not only short-term, but also long-term recognition memory (? 24 h). Here we modified the social ...

Professor Pierre Lledo explains that the olfactory bulb is a primary site of neurogenesis - one of the few areas in the brain where new neurons are generated throughout life.

Olfactory bulb removal effects on uptake decline of telencephalic norepinephrine , noting use for mapping adrenergic pathways.

Title: Olfactory bulb removal - Effects on brain norepinephrine. No Digital Version Available: Go to Tips on Ordering. Author: Heimer, L.; Pohorecky, L. A.; ...

We mapped cells immunoreactive for the phosphorylated form (p44/p42) of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (pMAPK--also known as ERK1/2) in the brain of male mice after exposure to female olfactory cues or after the display of male copulatory behaviors. Exposure to soiled bedding from estrous females or the display of coital behaviors rapidly (within 10 min) induced MAPK ...

A whole-mount, flattened cortex preparation was developed to compare profiles of axonal projections from main olfactory bulb (MOB) and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) mitral and tufted (M/T) cells. After injections of the anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, mapping of labeled ...

In mice, nonvolatile social cues are detected and analyzed by the accessory olfactory system (AOS). Here we provide a first view of information processing in the AOS with respect to individual chemical cues. 12 sulfated steroids, recently-discovered mouse AOS ligands, caused widespread activity among vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs), yet VSN responses ...

The aim of this review is to show how olfaction is a sensory modality of singular importance for the fine adjustment of early mother-infant interactions. While the precise role of maternal olfaction varies from one species to another, olfactory cues are in fact used in various aspects of parental care. Not only do infantile odors become very potent stimuli allowing the normal ...

The olfactory bulbs have been examined in patients with Alzheimer's disease and compared with those in elderly undemented and younger undemented control patients. In Alzheimer's disease neurofibrillary tangles were found in the anterior olfactory nucleus but not elsewhere in the olfactory bulb. ...

IntroductionIn vivo, most neurons in the main olfactory bulb exhibit robust spontaneous activity. This paper tests the hypothesis that spontaneous activity in olfactory receptor neurons drives much of the spontaneous activity in mitral and tufted cells via excitatory synapses.MethodsSingle units were recorded in vivo from the main ...

Olfactory recognition memory was tested in adult male mice using a social discrimination task. The testing was conducted to begin to characterize the role of protein synthesis and the specific brain regions associated with activity in this task. Long-term olfactory recognition memory was blocked when the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin was injected ...

Evidence concerning the terminal distribution of the olfactory tract in the prepyriform cortex is reviewed. Direct projections from olfactory bulb to hypothalamic areas have not been confirmed in recent anatomical studies. On the other hand, physiological...

Chemosignals strongly contribute to social interactions in mammals, including mother-young relationships. In the European rabbit, a volatile compound emitted by lactating females in milk, the 2-methylbut-2-enal, has been isolated. Carrying the properties of a pheromone, in particular the spontaneous ability to release critical sucking-related movements in newborns, it has been called the mammary ...

The accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is the first neural integrative center for the olfactory-like vomeronasal sensory system. In this article, we first briefly present an overview of vomeronasal system organization and review the history of the discovery of mammalian AOB. Next, we briefly review the evolution of the ...

Bouin-perfused brains of 148 bats (76 species, 48 genera, 8 families) were examined in serial sections for the presence of an accessory olfactory bulb. A moderate to well developed AOB was identified in 26 species. However, absence of an AOB in a particular species does not preclude its presence in some other species of that genus. ...

Previous work suggested that the telencephalic pathways of the main olfactory and vomeronasal systems of vertebrates are mostly isolated from each other, with the possible exception of convergence of the two systems into a small part of the olfactory amygdala. We tested the hypothesis of convergence between the main olfactory and ...

... Title : The Development of a Mathematical Description of the Olfactory Bulb, Validated with Intracellular and Voltage-Sensitive Dye Recordings. ...

... In fact Shepherd claims a correspondence between the retina and the olfactory bulb[16]. If this correspondence Is correct ...

Four small breed dogs were admitted with seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed dilation of the olfactory bulb cavity as well as enlargement of the lateral ventricles. These findings demonstrate that dilation of the olfactory bulb cavity can occur concurrent with hydrocephalus. This is the ...

The rodent vomeronasal system plays a critical role in mediating pheromone-evoked social and sexual behaviors. Recent studies of the anatomical and molecular architecture of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and of its synaptic target, the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), have suggested that unique features underlie vomeronasal sensory ...

The sense of smell plays a crucial role in mammalian social and sexual behaviour, identification of food, and detection of predators. Nevertheless, mammals vary in their olfactory ability. One reason for this concerns the degree of development of their pars basalis rhinencephali, an anatomical feature that has been considered in classifying this group of animals as ...

The sense of smell plays a crucial role in mammalian social and sexual behaviour, identification of food, and detection of predators. Nevertheless, mammals vary in their olfactory ability. One reason for this concerns the degree of development of their pars basalis rhinencephali, an anatomical feature that has been considered in classifying this group of animals as ...

Most terrestrial vertebrates possess anatomically distinct olfactory organs: the olfactory epithelium (OE) and the vomeronasal organ (VNO). In rodents, olfactory receptors coupled to G?(olf) are expressed in the OE, whereas vomeronasal receptors type 1 (V1R) and vomeronasal receptors type 2 (V2R), coupled to G?(i2) and G?(o) , ...

Little is known regarding how alkali metal ions are transported in the olfactory nerve following their intranasal administration. In this study, we show that an alkali metal ion, thallium is transported in the olfactory nerve fibers to the olfactory bulb in mice. The olfactory nerve fibers of ...

... the transitional area between the olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb and the terminal nerve ganglion on Day 28. ... TN and the ventromedial part of the rostral olfactory bulbs, in the MT, and in the POA, ...

High-resolution tracing of projections from the olfactory bulb to its cortical targets revealed coarse topography and stereotopy in some areas but highly distributed, combinatorial connectivity in others. These results provide a basis for understanding innate and associative olfactory processing and perception. PMID:21640905

... for the median septum and dorsal plate. The olfactory bulbs of nonavian theropods were housed within the sphenethmoid, which restricted the maximum size of the olfactory bulbs to a size smaller than the ce...

An approach to understanding the properties of dendrites is to record the response of the olfactory bulb where the dendrites of mitral cells form the glomeruli. After the stimulations of the bulb and nasal mucosa, the responses appear different, but they are fundamentally composed of three successive potentials, suggesting that the ...

The mammalian accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is chemoarchitecturally heterogeneous in that it stains differentially with a number of markers; the receptor cells that project to the AOB are similarly heterogeneous. What is the significance of this heterogeneity? We have found that the AOB of the gray, short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis ...

The accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is the primary target of the sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ (VNO), and thus constitutes a fundamental component of the accessory olfactory system, which is involved in responses to behaviour-related olfactory stimuli. In this ...

Previous workers had identified the vomeronasal organ, on anatomical evidence, as an accessory olfactory organ, present in most terrestrial vertebrates. Lesion experiments had demonstrated its importance in sexual behaviour in the hamster. Howevever, the sequestered position of the vomeronasal receptor epithelium within the organ raised questions ...

Previous research suggests that volatile body odourants detected by the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) are processed mainly by the main olfactory bulb (MOB) whereas nonvolatile body odourants detected by the vomeronasal organ (VNO) are processed via the accessory olfactory ...

Research into the biology of the mammalian olfactory system would be greatly enhanced by transgenic reporter mice with cell-specific fluorescence. To this end we previously generated a mouse whose olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) express DsRed driven by the S100� promoter. We present here a transgenic reporter mouse whose olfactory ...

Most tetrapods possess two nasal organs for detecting chemicals in their environment, which are the sensory detectors of the olfactory and vomeronasal systems. The seventies' view that the olfactory system was only devoted to sense volatiles, whereas the vomeronasal system was exclusively specialized for pheromone detection was challenged by accumulating ...

Most tetrapods possess two nasal organs for detecting chemicals in their environment, which are the sensory detectors of the olfactory and vomeronasal systems. The seventies� view that the olfactory system was only devoted to sense volatiles, whereas the vomeronasal system was exclusively specialized for pheromone detection was challenged by accumulating ...

Regulation of maternal behavior in the immediate postpartum period involves neural circuits in reward and homeostasis systems responding to cues from the newborn. Our aim was to assess one specific regulatory mechanism: the role that olfaction plays in the onset and modulation of parenting behavior. We focused on changes in gene expression in olfactory brain regions, examining ...

as well as locally situated memory effects. This process begins in the olfactory bulb. #12;19 The OB1 The construction of olfactory representations Thomas A. Cleland Dept. of Psychology Cornell in the resulting primary sensory representations. In the vertebrate olfactory system, much of the relevant neural

... the olfactory discriminating ability of lacustrine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and masu salmon (O. masou), the integrated olfactory ... olfactory bulb unit response in juvenile sockeye salmon (Onc...

We used paired-pulse odorant stimulation, with a conditioning stimulus delivered either ipsilateral or contralateral to a test stimulus, to unmask the effects of centrifugal feedback on olfactory bulb responses. In reptiles and mammals there are no direct connections between the paired olfactory bulbs, and thus all ...

How olfactory sensory neurons converge on spatially invariant glomeruli in the olfactory bulb is largely unknown. In one model, olfactory sensory neurons interact with spatially restricted guidance cues in the bulb that orient and guide them to their target. Identifying differentially expressed ...

Alpha (alpha)- and beta (beta)-adrenoceptors regulate physiological processes in vertebrates. This study determined the location of alpha 2- and beta-adrenoceptors in the brain of the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, using autoradiography. As the density of receptors may be affected by environmental temperature, a comparative numerical analysis of adrenoceptors in the areas of localization ...

Habituation is a simple form of memory, yet its neurobiological mechanisms are only beginning to be understood in mammals. In the olfactory system, the neural correlates of habituation at a fast experimental timescale involving very short intertrial intervals (tens of seconds) have been shown to depend on synaptic adaptation in olfactory cortex. In ...

olfactory bulb a pea-sized structure on the undersurface of the frontal lobe of the brain that receives inputs from the olfactory neurons and sends the ...

Mar 1, 2011 ... terminalis in the olfactory bulb of Clarias batrachus can be traced centripetally through the medial olfactory tract, telencephalon, ...

BackgroundImpaired olfactory function leads to a decrease in the quality of life for many patients. Surgical treatment options are limited, especially for those suffering from hyposmia or anosmia following post-traumatic injury to the olfactory nerves. Stem cells located in the olfactory epithelium have the capacity to grow new ...

Inorganic mercury (203Hg2+) was applied to the olfactory chambers or was given i.v. to pike (Esox lucius) and the uptake of the metal in the olfactory system and the brain was examined by autoradiography and gamma spectrometry. Application of 203Hg2+ in the olfactory chambers resulted in an accumulation of the metal in the ...

Mammalian social systems rely on signals passed between individuals conveying information including sex, reproductive status, individual identity, ownership, competitive ability and health status. Many of these signals take the form of complex mixtures of molecules sensed by chemosensory systems and have important influences on a variety of behaviours that are vital for reproductive success, such ...

The Role of Inhibition in an Associative Memory Model of the Olfactory Bulb Ofer Hendin and David (inhibitory) cells of the olfactory bulb (OB) take place. Two outstanding features of these interactions accreditted with the role of forming Hebbian cell assemblies. Hence it would seem that this structure lacks

Extracellular microelectrode recordings were made from single neurons of the olfactory bulb in anesthetized rats. Approximately 15 percent of the units examined responded in some way (usually an increase in frequency) to 250 kvp x-irradiation at dose rate...

Responses of 199 single olfactory bulb neurones were observed with odor stimulation. Some odor applications did not cause any change in the spontaneous activity of the unit, some applications caused an excitation during the rising concentration phase of t...

The objective of this work is to develop a detailed mathematical description of the function of the olfactory epithelium and bulb in the tiger salamander, an animal from which we, and others, have obtained substantial morphological, biochemical, physiolog...

The neuroplasticity and regenerative properties of the olfactory system make it a useful model for studying the ability of the nervous system to recover from damage. We have developed a novel method for examining the effects of long-term deafferentation and regeneration of the olfactory organ and resulting influence on the olfactory ...

The generation of new cells in the adult brain reveals a new form of plasticity in the neuronal network. New cells are constantly migrating to and integrating into the pre-existing neuronal network in the olfactory bulb. The exact role of new neurons in the adult olfactory bulb and in odor behavior remains elusive ...

The vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus, is exceptionally agile and stealthy in nature. Feeding at night on cattle blood, it is a known scourge carrying rabies. It is endowed with a very high neocortical volume among bats, acute olfactory capabilities and an accessory olfactory system. These characteristics have resulted into an impressive ...

to the olfactory bulb of the brain, a small ovoid structure that rests on the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Professor Fred Gage explains that neurogenesis only occurs in the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb in humans, and discusses why this might be so.

... these ("mitral") cells project via a of olfactory processing proposed by ... To implement feedback inhibition of the bulb by the piriform, we propose a ...

Mar 1, 2011 ... Histochemical studies on the distribution of some enzymes of the glycolytic pathways in the olfactory bulb of the Squirrel Monkey ...