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The lradiological a consequences of the Chernobyl accident Proceedings of the first international conference

The fundamental objective of the accident management program is to assure, in the event of a severe accident at a nuclear plant, that the effectiveness of personnel and equipment is maximized in preventing or mitigating the consequences of the accident. T...

The purpose of this report is to estimate the consequences of a Hanford reactor accident with emphasis on the effects at distant points. The potential effects in Canada are estimated as well as the consequences within the United States.

An exploratory sensitivity study with the MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS) is presented. This study was performed to provide (1) an indication of the possible impact of consequence modeling uncertainties on the results of an integrated prob...

Jan 11, 2011 ... trajectories and potential reentry accidents and environments. .... Environmental Consequences of Potential Accidents ...

The development of two new probabilistic accident consequence codes, MACCS and COSYMA, was developed in 1990. These codes estimate the consequence from the accidental releases of radiological material from hypothesized accidents at nuclear installations. ...

The development of two new probabilistic accident consequence codes, MACCS and COSYMA, was completed in 1990. These codes estimate the consequence from the accidental releases of radiological material from hypothesized accidents at nuclear installations. ...

The development of two new probabilistic accident consequence codes, MACCS and COSYMA, was completed in 1990. These codes estimate the consequence from the accidental releases of radiological material from hypothesized accidents at nuclear installations. ...

The development of two new probabilistic accident consequence codes, MACCS and COSYMA, was developed in 1990. These codes estimate the consequence from the accidental releases of radiological material from hypothesized accidents at nuclear installations. ...

The MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS) has been applied to the radiological consequence assessment of potential accidents from a non-reactor nuclear facility. MACCS has been used in a variety of applications to evaluate radiological dose and ...

This report contains technical information used to determine accident consequences for the Spent Nuclear Fuel Project safety documents. It does not determine accident consequences or describe specific accident scenarios, but instead provides generic information.

...mitigate the consequences of an accident; (ii) The equipment...relied on to prevent potential accidents or mitigate their consequences...relied on to prevent potential accidents or mitigate their consequences...evaluated in the Integrated Safety Analysis. (d) The ...

Effective planning for the management of severe accidents at nuclear power plants can produce both a reduction in the frequency of such accidents as well as the ability to mitigate their consequences if and when they should occur. This report provides an ...

After some indications on the Chernobylsk power plant and the characteristics of the RBMK series, the scenario of the accident is developed. The immediate consequences and the control of the accident are commented before concluding on more general lessons...

The hypothetical core disruptive accident in an LMFBR is discussed under the following main headings: reactor dynamics; mechanical consequences; and post- accident heat removal. 79 references. (DCC)

The impact on society of the Chernobyl accidents is assessed. The situation prior to Chernobyl with respect to regulations of radiation protection against the consequences of a major accident is considered. The development of the recommendations and regul...

In this report information about the nuclear accident at Chernobyl and the radioactivity burdening of Greece from the radioactive releases of the accident are presented. The main characteristics of the RBMK-1000 reactor and the flow pattern of the radioac...

The report describes the Chernobyl accident and its consequences for Denmark in particular. It was commissioned by the Secretary of State for the Environment. The event at the accident site, the release and dispersal of radioactive substances into the atm...

It summarizes the consequences in Sweden of the Chernobyl accident, describes the emergency response, the basis for decisions and countermeasures, the measurement strategies, the activity levels and doses and countermeasures and action levels used. Past a...

This booklet is written to help the untrained accident investigator perform a type C'' accident investigation. It is designed to identify the philosophy of accident investigation, the steps involved, the potential problems in the investigation, and give instruction for completing the DOE 5484 X form. A hypothetical ...

This booklet is written to help the untrained accident investigator perform a type ``C`` accident investigation. It is designed to identify the philosophy of accident investigation, the steps involved, the potential problems in the investigation, and give instruction for completing the DOE 5484 X form. A hypothetical ...

An overview of the analysis of core-disruptive accidents is given. These analyses are for the purpose of understanding and predicting fast reactor behavior in severe low probability accident conditions, to establish the consequences of such conditions and to provide a basis for evaluating consequence limiting ...

This document quantifies the offsite radiological consequences of the bounding flammable gas accident for comparison with the 25 rem Evaluation Guideline established in DOE-STD-3009, Appendix A. The bounding flammable gas accident is a detonation in a sin...

At the fifth anniversary of the Chernobyl accident the initial situation at that time, the control of the consequences to Austria in the present light, as well as the knowledge gained from the accident and its consequences are described. A final estimate ...

A dynamic food-chain model and program, DYFOM-95, for predicting the radiological consequences of nuclear accident has been developed. Processes caused by accident release and which will make an impact on radionuclide concentration in the edible parts of ...

This report on the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant discusses the medical consequences of the accident to personnel and emergency forces exposed to high levels of radiation. Data is presented on the rdiation doses to populations surrounding t...

One of the most important uses of dose assessment models in response to accidents at nuclear facilities is to help provide guidance to emergency response managers for identifying, and mitigating, the consequences of an accident once the accident has been ...

The environmental consequences of an LMFBR accident involving breach of containment are so severe that such accidents must not be allowed to happen. Present methods for analyzing hypothetical core disruptive accidents like a loss of flow with failure to s...

Consistent methodology should be adopted in accident analyses sections of SARs. These accident sections should describe both consequence and risk from potential accidents that could occur in a facility being assessed. These analyses should consider three ...

This document supports the development and presentation of the following accident scenario in the TWRS Final Safety Analysis Report: Subsurface Leak Remaining Subsurface. The calculations needed to quantify the risk associated with this accident scenario are included within.

This document supports the development and presentation of the following accident scenario in the TWRS Final Safety Analysis Report: Subsurface Leak Remaining Subsurface. The calculations needed to quantify the risk associated with this accident scenario are included within.

This document supports the development and presentation of the following accident scenario in the TWRS Final Safety Analysis Report: Steam Intrusion from Interfacing Systems. The calculations needed to quantify the risk associated with this accident scenario are included within.

...2011-01-01 false Assessment of accidents. 76.85 Section 76.85 Energy...Safety § 76.85 Assessment of accidents. The Corporation shall perform an analysis of potential accidents and consequences to...

The joint USNRC/CEC consequence uncertainty study was chartered after the development of two new probabilistic accident consequence codes, MACCS in the U.S. and COSYMA in Europe. Both the USNRC and CEC had a vested interest in expanding the knowledge base...

In this report the consequences of the LOCA of the Greek Research Reactor on the Greek AEC's personnel are analyzed under conservative assumptions. This accident with very low possibility of appearance has nevertheless no trivial consequences and in order...

Consequences of nuclear fuel cycle facility accidents can be evaluated using aerosol release factors developed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. These experimentally determined factors are compiled and consequence assessment methods are discussed. Release ...

This document analyzes aboveground tank failure accident scenarios for the Demonstration Bulk Vitrification system (DBVS). The radiological and toxicological consequences are determined for a range of aboveground tank failure accident scenarios to determine the representative accident for DBVS. Based on the ...

Elements of risk in reactor accidents are discussed. Estimates of the public risk from nuclear-power-plant accidents hinge on three important factors: (1) the probability of specific events occurring that could lead to an accident involving radiation release; (2) the quantity, type, and timing of release of radioactive material that ...

This report describes analyses of the response of a Pressurized-Water Reactor at the Zion Plant to hypothetical core-meltdown sequences. The analyses consider the progression of core meltdown, containment response, and consequences to the public for many specific accident sequences within the categories of Loss of Coolant Accidents ...

The Waste Receiving and Processing Facility Module 1 Auditable Safety Analysis analyzes postulated accidents and determines controls to prevent the accidents or mitigate the consequences.

This document provides the technical basis for the frequency of a tank bump and for the radiological and toxicological consequences of a tank boiling accident and associated hazardous conditions.

In the publication are summarized the basic results of the researches executed in 1997 in the framework of the 'Scientific maintenance of the decision of problems of the Chernobyl NPP accident consequences' of the State program of Republic of Belarus for ...

This report presents an analysis of the consequences and risks of accidents resulting from hazardous material transportation at the Savannah River Plant.

Dec 14, 2005 ... Like many high profile accidents, this collision was the consequence of a ... accidents, Collision, fatigue, Mir, piloting errors, Progress, ...

... Models for Nuclear Power Plant Accident Consequence ... and quantify the potential health effects of accidental ... from nuclear power plants have been ...

In this report the radioactive fallout on Greece from the Chernobyl nuclear accident is described. The flow pattern to Greece of the radioactive materials released, the measurements performed on environmental samples and samples of the food chain and some...

RBMK reactors (reactor control, protection systems, containment) and the nuclear power plant of Chernobyl are first presented. The scenario of the accident is given with a detailed chronology. The actions and consequences on the site are reviewed. This re...

...occurrences and accidents with existing systems and procedures intended to mitigate the release consequences, along with site characteristics, including meteorology, to evaluate the offsite radiological...

This book provides a comprehensive of the April 1986 Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident and its short and long-term effects in the fourteen years since the accident. Chapters include: cause and description of the accident; the Shelter constructed to contain the remains the destroyed reactor, radioactive wastes arising from the ...

This work, the first by native Ukrainian scientists and specialists, views the Chernobyl nuclear accident from the perspective of risk assessment. It describes the accident, the shelter constructed to contain the destroyed reactor, the sites used for disposal and storage of radioactive waste, the environmental contamination, and the effects of the ...

An assessment of the radiological consequences that would result for the population of Greece from postulated major nuclear accidents in the Kozloduy nuclear power station in Bulgaria is performed. Kozloduy lies at a distance of 225 km from the northern borders of Greece and contains six reactors, all of the Russian WWER type. The postulated ...

The 1999 accident at the Tokaimura nuclear fuel processing plant near Tokyo is the context for a student discussion on nuclear power and the consequences of a nuclear accident. The case covers issues ranging from chemical process safety to risk management

The 1999 accident at the Tokaimura nuclear fuel processing plant near Tokyo is the context for a student discussion on nuclear power and the consequences of a nuclear accident. The case covers issues ranging from chemical process safety to risk management of chemical industries to the ethical responsibilities of the chemical engineer.

Technical Basis Document for the Nuclear Criticality Representative Accident and Associate Represented Hazardous Conditions. Revision 2 of RPP-12371 provides accident consequence estimates for a hypothetical criticality event in an above grade facility (e...

An important goal of the US DOE reactor development program is to conceptualize advanced safety design features for a demonstration Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR). The treatment of severe accidents is one of the key safety issues in the design approach for adv...

The report presents the compilation of information obtained by various organizations regarding the accident (and the consequences of the accident) that occurred at Unit 4 of the nuclear power station at Chernobyl in the USSR on April 26, 1986. Each organi...

The report presents the compilation of information obtained by various organizations regarding the accident (and the consequences of the accident) that occurred at Unit 4 of the nuclear power station at Chernobyl in the USSR on April 26, 1986. Chapter 1 p...

This report addresses the potential LWR accident source term implication on accident evaluation assuming a change of the chemical form of iodine from elemental to cesium iodide. As a consequence, the escape of iodine to the environment and the risk to the...

Cheap and clean energy can be supplied with nuclear power plant whose accident probability is very low comparing with that of the other industrial facilities. However, the consequences of severe accident of nuclear power plant may result in a critical imp...

In the present report realistic estimations about the nuclear accident at Chernobyl and the radioactivity burdening of Greece from the radioactive releases of the accident are presented. Results of radioactivity measurements in Greece concerning the envir...

The assumptions, methods of analysis and results of the analysis of single tube accidents which have significant offsite radiological consequences are described. Those accidents described include: pressure tube flow blockage; fuel ejection; and pressure t...

...sequence of events leading to the accident or incident, to the extent...the consequences of a launch accident, launch incident, reentry accident, reentry incident, or other...adopt preventive measures for avoiding recurrence of the event....

...the event as either a launch accident or launch incident, and must...the consequences of a launch accident, launch incident or other...investigating the cause of a launch accident, launch incident or other...adopt preventive measures for avoiding recurrence of the event....

The author considered medical consequences of radiation accidents on Industrial Association "Mayak" (radioactive waste discharge into Techa river and accident in 1957). Results of longstanding observations helped to evaluate health state of people exposed to radiation and their descendants. PMID:16381478

The FORTRAN-IV computer code UFOMOD calculates the radiological consequences of reactor accidents for risk studies, namely early deaths, latent cancer deaths and genetic significant doses. Different models for the atmospheric transport and deposition, the...

A personal computer-based model, SMART, has been developed that uses an integral approach for calculating early offsite consequences from nuclear reactor accidents. The solution procedure uses simplified meteorology and involves direct analytic integratio...

SMART calculates early offsite consequences from nuclear reactor accidents. Once the air and ground concentrations of the radionuclide are estimated, the early dose to an individual is calculated via three pathways: cloudshine, short term groundshine, and inhalation.

This volume is the second of a two-volume document that summarizes a joint project conducted by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the European Commission to assess uncertainties in the MACCS and COSYMA probabilistic accident consequence codes. Thes...

This volume is the first of a two-volume document that summarizes a joint project conducted by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the European Commission to assess uncertainties in the MACCS and COSYMA probabilistic accident consequence codes. These...

Preliminary designs are described for models of the interaction of Zircaloy and hydrogen and the consequences of this interaction on the behavior of fuel rod cladding during severe accidents. The modeling of this interaction and its consequences involves ...

Department of Energy (DOE) accident analysis for establishing the required control sets for nuclear facility safety applies a series of simplifying, reasonably conservative assumptions regarding inputs and methodologies for quantifying dose consequences. ...

This document quantifies the offsite radiological consequence of the bounding waste transfer leak accident for comparison with the 2 5 rem Evaluation Guideline established in DOE-STD-3009, Appendix A. The bounding waste transfer leak accident is a large p...

This document quantifies the offsite radiological consequence of the bounding mixing of incompatible materials accident for comparison with the 25 rem Evaluation Guideline established in DOE-STD-3009, Appendix A. Conservative input parameters were applied...

Analysis of statistical medical data in Ukraine is presented. Medical consequences of Chernobyl accident and effectiveness of measures taken are evaluated. Principles of profilactics and treatment of diseases and recommendations on these problems are form...

A general temperate latitude cyclonic rainstorm model is presented which describes the effects of washout and runoff on consequences of atmospheric releases of radioactive material from potential nuclear reactor accidents. The model treats the temporal an...

This report presents the results of a project to develop a framework for making meaningful comparisons of the consequences from transportation accidents involving hazardous materials. The project was conducted in two phases. In Phase I, methods that could...

A preliminary model describing the effects of washout and runoff on the consequences of a nuclear reactor accident is presented. The most important new feature of this stratified model relative to the model in WASH-1400 is the spatial structure of rainsto...

The report presents the results of a nationwide survey which identified and quantified the economic consequences of automobile accidents and the sources and amounts of compsensation received by seriously injured or killed victims and their families. (Auth...

The objective of this report is to establish the radiological consequence analysis methodology for the postulated accidents which result in the radioactivity release to the ambient air. For this, reviewing were the methodology described in the Final Safet...

The environmental consequences and the probability of conceivable accidents occurring during the high level waste preparation (HLWP) phase of the Commercial Nuclear Waste Vitrification Project (CNWVP) were analyzed. The maximum environmental consequences ...

This report contains a critical review of Jan Beyea's report: A study of some of the consequences of hypothetical reactor accidents at Barsebaeck (Princeton University, January 1978). Unreasonable assumptions concerning dry deposition, plume rise, meteoro...

The consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident from an Irish perspective was the focus of a conference organized by the Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland to mark the tenth anniversary of the accident. The health consequences of Chernobyl we...

Calculation notes used to derive radiological/toxicological consequences resulting from selected accident scenarios. This document supports the environmental assessment for sludge storage at T Plant

Amongst the severe accidents with nuclear power plants, a number of scenarios are theoretically possible. These scenarios lead to more or less serious consequences for the environment. Characteristics for the category of accidents was the early breakdown ...

In this report, the author analyses the interventions of Sovietic Authorities and show what the crisis management have made to limit, in large proportions, the consequences of the accident. (ERA citation 13:018269)

...mitigate the consequences of accidents which could result in potential...mitigate the consequences of accidents which could result in potential...safety-related design, analysis, inspection, testing...or construction means the analysis, design,...

...to consequences and activities which extend beyond the boundaries of any fixed nuclear facility with a potential for serious consequences and the area affected by a transportation accident involving radioactive...

Consistent methodology should be adopted in accident analyses sections of SARs. These accident sections should describe both consequence and risk from potential accidents that could occur in a facility being assessed. These analyses should consider three general classes of accidents; they are ...

The author of this article discusses the world's most serious nuclear accident to date: the Chernobyl nuclear accident of April 1986. His major focus is on the short-term medical consequences of the accident, including reduction of exposure to persons at risk, evaluation of persons potentially affected, dosimetry, ...

The biological age (BA) of the majority of the liquidators of the consequences of the radiation accidents in the Navy and of the liquidators of the Chernobyl' APS accident exceeds the medium standard and the DBA (due BA). The index of the BA can be a characteristic of the influence of the social-hygienic factors on the health condition ...

... in the following areas: health effects of exposure to radiation, possible consequences resulting from accidents, and nuclear nonproliferation. ...

... Abstract : This thesis examines the 1986 Chernobyl accident and its consequences as the basis for an analysis of the possible dimensions of the ...

This paper is concerned with the application of severe-accident codes to develop improved accident mitigation strategies for nuclear power plants employing boiling water reactors (BWRs). Specifically, the results of analyses using the APRIL.MOD3X code are presented for typical station blackout accidents. Issues discussed include the ...

The question of safety in regard to criticality accident risks has two aspects: prevention of the cause and limitation of the consequences. These two aspects are closely connected. The effort devoted to prevention of the causes depends on the seriousness ...

This project reviewed the literature on the economic consequences of accidents to determine the availability of assessment methods and data and their applicability to the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal system before closure; determined needs for expansion, revision, or adaptation of methods and data for modeling economic ...

Radiological and toxicological consequences are calculated for 4 postulated accidents involving the Waste Feed Delivery (WFD) diluent addition systems. Consequences for the onsite and offsite receptor are calculated. This analysis contains technical information used to determine the accident ...

This book is the story of the TMI accident told by those who were there; the scientists and engineers at the utility operating the reactor and at the national laboratories that analyzed the accident. The first section describes the accident; the second focuses on the chemical aspects involved; and the third examines the strategy and ...

The system response in a transportation accident environment is an element to be considered in an overall Transportation System Risk Assessment (TSRA) framework. The system response analysis uses the accident conditions and the subsequent accident progression analysis to develop the accident source term, which in ...

This reports documents work performed the NRC/RES Accident Management Guidance Program to evaluate possible strategies for mitigating the consequences of PWR severe accidents. The selection and evaluation of strategies was limited to the in-vessel phase of the severe accident, i.e., after the initiation of core ...

The MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS) has been applied to the radiological consequence assessment of potential accidents from a non-reactor nuclear facility. MACCS has been used in a variety of applications to evaluate radiological dose and health effects to the public from postulated plutonium ...

Seven potential safety concerns for D-T fusion reactors were examined and the influence of blanket material choice determined. This influence was quantified in terms of Relative Consequence Indices (RCI) according to prescribed consequence criteria. The s...

The Accident Analysis in the Safety Analysis Report (SAR) for the Savannah River Site (SRS) Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) has recently undergone an upgrade. Non-reactor SARs at SRS (and other Department of Energy (DOE) sites) use probabilistic techniques to assess the frequency of accidents at their facilities. This paper describes the ...

An uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of early health consequences of severe accidents at nuclear power plants as a function of the emergency response parameters has been performed using a probabilistic consequence assessment code. The importance of various emergency response parameters in predicting the ...

This paper describes a multilaboratory research program that is directed toward addressing many questions that analysts face when performing air cleaning accident consequence assessments. The program involves developing analytical tools and supportive experimental data that will be useful in making more realistic assessments of ...

This document quantifies the offsite radiological consequence of the bounding waste transfer leak accident for comparison with the 25 rem Evaluation Guideline established in DOE-STD-3009, Appendix A. The bounding waste transfer leak accident is a large pipe break into a pit. The calculation offsite dose does not challenge the ...

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the international assessments of the radiological impact of the Chernobyl accident. The Chernobyl accident was a technological disaster that went beyond the most pessimistic scenarios of nuclear engineers. It was more sever than a maximum credible accident to which nuclear engineers referred ...

Evaluation of criticality accident risks in the processing of significant quantities of fissile materials is both complex and subjective, largely due to the lack of accident statistics. Thus, complying with standards such as ISO 7753 which mandates that the need for an alarm system be evaluated, is also subjective. A review of guidance found in the ...

This document supports the development and presentation of the following accident scenario in the TWRS Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR): Steam Intrusion From Interfacing Systems. The calculations needed to quantify the risk associated with this accident scenario are included in the following sections to aid in the understanding of this ...

The data on the assessment of the radiobiological situation and the results of clinical and epidemiological studies into the population health status, exposed to radiation because of the Chernobyl NPP accident are summarized. Appropriate regularities in soil contamination with 137Cs are ascertained. It has been shown that the disease incidence among the children's and adult ...

Radiation shielding provided by transportation vehicles and structures typical of where people live and work were estimated for cloud and fallout gamma-ray sources resulting from a hypothetical reactor accident. Dose reduction factors are recommended for a variety of situations for realistically assessing the consequences of reactor ...

Information is presented concerning the radioactive releases from the containment following accidents; radioactive inventory of the reactor core; atmospheric dispersion; reactor sites and meteorological data; radioactive decay and deposition from plumes; finite distance of plume travel; dosimetric models; health effects; demographic data; mitigation of radiation exposure; ...

This document quantifies the offsite radiological consequence of the bounding mixing of incompatible materials accident for comparison with the 25 rem Evaluation Guideline established in DOE-STD-3009, Appendix A. The bounding accident is an inadvertent addition of acid to a waste tank containing high levels of caustic. Conservative ...

This document quantifies the offsite radiological consequences of the bounding flammable gas accident for comparison with the 25 rem Evaluation Guideline established in DOE-STD-3009, Appendix A. The bounding flammable gas accident is a detonation in a single-shell tank The calculation applies reasonably conservation input parameters in ...

This document quantifies the offsite radiological consequence of the bounding mixing of incompatible materials accident for comparison with the 25 rem Evaluation Guideline established in DOE-STD-3009, Appendix A. The bounding accident is an inadvertent addition of acid to a waste tank. Conservative inputs were applied in accordance ...

This document quantifies the offsite radiological consequence of the bounding mixing of incompatible materials accident for comparison with the 25 rem Evaluation Guideline established in DOE-STD-3009, Appendix A. The bounding accident is an inadvertent addition of acid to a waste tank. Conservative inputs were applied in accordance ...

The non-radiological consequences to the aquatic biota and fisheries of the Susquehanna River from the March 28, 1979 accident at Three Mile Island Nuclear Station were investigated through the post-accident period of July 1979. Thermal and chemical disch...

The report consist of two parts: a review of studies on psychological consequences of nuclear and radiation accidents in population and an empirical study of peoples reactions to protection actions in an event of hypothetical accident. Review is based on ...

A severe accident study was conducted to evaluate conservatively scoped source terms and radiological consequences to support the Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) Conceptual Safety Analysis Report (CSAR). Three different types of severe accident scenarios we...

This paper develops a concrete situation witch is the search for an evacuation distance in case of a road accident implying a chlorine tank. The methodological aspect is how implementing uncertainty analysis in deterministic models with random parameters....

Accidents could occur during the transportation of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. This paper describes the risks and consequences to the public from accidents that are highly unlikely but that could have severe consequences. The impact of these accidents would include ...