The characteristics, detection, and emergency management of nuclear criticality accidents outside reactors has been an important component of criticality safety for as long as the need for this specialized safety discipline has been recognized. The genera...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The nuclear criticality accident radiation alarm system installed at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant was tested extensively at critical facilities located at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The ability of the neutron scintillator radiation detection units to respond to a minimum accident of concern as defined in Standard ...
Energy Citations Database
By the end of the experiment, the percentage of anesthesiologists identifying alarms with accuracy of 90
E-print Network
The Los Alamos Critical Experiments Facility (LACEF) has been involved in the testing and evaluation of criticality accident alarm systems since 1980. At that time we designed and built the solution critical assembly SHEBA for this purpose. The response o...
The Los Alamos Critical Experiments Facility (LACEF) has been involved in the testing and evaluation of criticality accident alarm systems since 1980. At that time we designed and built the solution critical assembly SHEBA for this purpose. The response of the alarms to neutron pulses was done using the GODIVA-IV ...
The characteristics, detection, and emergency management of nuclear criticality accidents outside reactors has been an important component of criticality safety for as long as the need for this specialized safety discipline has been recognized. The general interest and importance of such topics receives special emphasis because of the potentially lethal, albeit highly ...
DOE Information Bridge
The Plutonium Facility at Los Alamos uses Eberline RMS-II monitors as part of its criticality accident alarm system. The monitors are designed to accommodate a wide spectrum of criticality accident scenarios from both liquid and metal supercriticalities. A series of experiments were performed at the Los Alamos ...
PubMed
The American National Standard ANSI/ANS-8.3-1986, Criticality Accident Alarm System provides guidance for the establishment and maintenance of an alarm system to initiate personnel evacuation in the event of inadvertent criticality. In addition to identif...
This guide describes a system acceptable to the NRC staff for meeting the Commission's requirements for a criticality accident alarm system. The guidance on criticality accident alarm systems contained in ANSI/ANS-8.3-1979 Criticality Accident Alarm System, is ...
Recently, domestic accidents caused by sudden illness are increasing in Japan. We developed a detection and alarming system for the dangerous state in a bathroom. FG sensor which has been developed in our laboratory is used in this system to get respiratory information of bathing person. It becomes possible to watch the person in a bathroom by this sensor, ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
A new alarm system toolkit has been implemented at SNS. The toolkit handles the Central Control Room (CCR) 'annunciator', or audio alarms. For the new alarm system to be effective, the alarms must be meaningful and properly configured. Along with the implementation of the new ...
This report specifically deals with Savannah River Site augmentation of permanent Criticality Accident Alarm Systems by the use of portable instruments in areas not normally occupied by personnel.
This paper discusses why criticality accident alarm systems (CAASs) were installed in certain waste management buildings at the Y-12 Plant, why the plant now wants to remove them, and what steps were taken to allow the US Department of Energy (DOE) to authorize the removal of the systems. To begin with, the systems in question were installed in the mid- to ...
... C-0) THE RELIABILITY OF AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT ~2) ~EXPERIENCE IN A MIITARY SAMPLE ... THE RELIABILITY OF AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT ...
DTIC Science & Technology
This work analyzes the optimal placement of a criticality accident alarm system (CAAS) necessitated by an unexpected accumulation of fissile materials in the filtration system of an idled experimental nuclear reactor. Results using multidimensional determ...
... Abstract : Fatigue has been implicated in an alarming number of motor vehicle accidents, costing billions of dollars and thousands of lives. ...
... FILES, FIRE DETECTORS, FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS, FIRE SAFETY, FIRE HAZARDS, FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS. ...
Since many alarms which are activated during major process deviations or accidents in nuclear power plants can result in negative effects for operators, various types of advanced alarm systems that can select important alarms for the identification of process deviation have been developed to reduce the operator`s ...
The system with DS1302 as its clock makes one hour as one basic time unit, and thus there will be 24 monitoring segments in a day. It watches the movements of the aged through the sensors placed in the house-rooms such as bedroom, kitchen, and obtains the data of the movements and activities. Based on the data the MCU (Micro Control Unit) will make an hourly judgment whether the movements and ...
A Criticality Alarm System is normally designed to detect immediately the minimum accident of concern. This report covers the methodology to establish a different minimum accident of concern developed for shielded facilities and applied to a case of the canyon sump excursion in a Savannah River Site facility.
Primary care physicians interested in health education and accident prevention should be knowledgeable about smoke alarms (smoke detectors with built-in alarms). Either ionization or photoelectric smoke alarms can help save lives if they are properly installed and maintained. The number, site and maintenance of ...
PubMed Central
The detection of accidents on elderly person living alone and the communication between the elderly person and his/her family are very important. This paper describes a new method for tracking and fall detection of elderly person using omni-directional image sensor, and the Itawari-kan communication system that supports their communications and gives ...
Simplified evaluation models are developed at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) to predict the first peak power, energy, and total fission numbers during a criticality accident for design and installation of a criticality alarm system and for quick response with measures to avoid excessive exposure of the general public. These models were ...
The Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant operates its Criticality Accident Alarm System (CAAS) according to the guidance of Standard ANSI/ANS-8.3-1986. This standard requires that the detector shall not fail to initiate an alarm when subjected to a radiation field of at ...
The purpose of this paper is to give a description of the Criticality Accident Alarm System (CAAS) presently installed at the Fernald Environmental Management Project (FEMP) for monitoring areas requiring criticality controls, and some of the concerns associated with the operation of this system. The system at the FEMP is known as the Radiation Detection ...
Each year, accidents involving mountain sports have many repercussions, including alarming public opinion and society. This study outlines the results of a qualitative study on the responses of 135 survivors of accidents that took place while mountaineering, climbing, downhill skiing and ski mountaineering, hiking, cross-country ...
The items of accident cost that have a direct bearing on economic losses in coal mining are discussed.
The purpose of the work described in this paper was to evaluate the adequacy of criticality accident alarm system (CAAS) coverage of several buildings at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PORTS) located in Piketon, Ohio. An analysis was performed in which the General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP) was used to model several of the ...
Recent program requirements of the US Department of Energy/NNSA have led to a need for a criticality accident alarm system to be installed at a newly activated facility. The Criticality Safety Group of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was able to recover and store for possible future use approximately 200 neutron criticality detectors and ...
Learning from our experience with the standard Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) alarm handler (ALH) as well as a similar intermediate approach based on script-generated operator screens, we developed the Best Ever Alarm System Toolkit (BEAST). It is based on Java and Eclipse on the Control System Studio (CSS) ...
... Accession Number : AD0444966. Title : THE RELIABILITY OF AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN A MILITARY SAMPLE. ...
On June 17, 1997, a critically accident occurred at Arzamas-16, which resulted in the death (within three days) of A. N. Zakharov, a Russian scientist with 20 years' experience conducting multiassembly experiments. In this case, the multiplying assembly was a fast metal system consisting of a {sup 235}U (90% enriched) core and ...
An application of CTI (Computer Telephone Integration) technique to fault alarming in time keeping system is presented in this paper. Two key parts of this alarming system, telephone phonic card and TTS (Text To Speech) are briefly introduced. A series of events and methods for programming interface based on ActiveX control (phonic.OCX) is discussed, and ...
to assist in the search and rescue operations for. survivors of airplane crashes and boat accidents. The high failure rate and high false alarm rate ...
NASA Website
... public alarm during all phases of accident response, to ... CONTAMINATION, COOPERATION, PUBLIC SAFETY, RADIATION HAZARDS, NEVADA ...
... for an independent and distinct cockpit alarm to ... REPORT ON APPROACH AND LANDING ACCIDENT ... Transportation Safety Board, NTSB-AAS-73 ...
...overheating, mechanical failures, or breakdown of electrical equipment in power transmission facilities, and accidents involving ships, aircraft, or other vehicles. Not included in this definition are any costs associated with false alarms,...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010
The literature reports conflicting evidence regarding the effectiveness of any single intervention, including bed exit alarms, in preventing falls. Yet bed exit alarms are widely used in healthcare settings as part of comprehensive fall-prevention programs even though no large-scale randomized controlled trials have demonstrated their effectiveness. As a ...
We are developing the emergency vehicle alarm system for deaf drivers by using LEDs and vibration devices. In order to design the alarm for deaf drivers, we have conducted basic experiment in order to evaluate perceptual characteristic on visibility of LED.
This article describes an experiment using a neural network to build and test an intelligent alarm processor, which would analyze the multiple alarms associated with a system problem, and identify the particular problem causing these alarms. The off-line test results, although preliminary, suggest the ...
Many accidents occur in the mining industry as a result of the instability of material during handling and processing operation. Accidents due to dump point instability at stockpiles, and at spoil or waste piles, for example, occur with alarming frequency...
Aviation accidents attributable to coronary artery disease have always generated undue publicity and alarm. Some workers in the field believe that flying (total hours flown) as well as type of aircraft affect the health of the coronary arteries. The prese...
experiment in the way of alarms indicating the parameter values were not in accordance with the experiment design. The database also allows the parameter ...
A surgery of 349 cardiac surgeons showed that during a six-year period, a pump oxygenator accident serious enough to cause patient injury or death occurred one per 1,000 procedures. A total of 264 deaths occurred as a direct results of an accident. Air embolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation were the two most common problems. Low-level ...
A sample of 160 drivers were asked questions relating to the effect of accidents on their driving standards. The survey took into consideration the degree of personal involvement in accidents and whether the effects of these experiences influenced their s...
to trackpilot 1503 Captain notices heading fluctuations 1505:06 Trackpilot rudder limit alarm sounds 1505 than 10 degrees at a time" 1506:27 Rudder limit alarm sounds 1507:07 Staff captain increases rudder limit to 10� 1508:00 Rudder limit alarm sounds 1512 Staff captain: "Is it okay now?" Captain: "No" 1513
When attacked by predators, diverse animals actively or passively release molecules that evoke alarm and related anti-predatory behavior by nearby conspecifics. The actively released molecules are alarm pheromones, whereas the passively released molecules are alarm cues. For example, many insects have ...
The Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant operates its Criticality Accident Alarm System (CAAS) according to the guidance of Standard ANSI/ANS-8.3-1986. This standard requires that the detector shall not fail to initiate an alarm when subjected to a radiation field of at least 0.1 Gy/s (10 rad/s). It also requires that the system shall be designed to ...
This work analyzes the optimal placement of a criticality accident alarm system (CAAS) necessitated by an unexpected accumulation of fissile materials in the filtration system of an idled experimental nuclear reactor. Results using multidimensional deterministic and Monte Carlo methods confirmed the suitability of an existing CAAS placement located in the ...
Criticality Accident Alarm System (CAAS) detectors on the cell floor of the X-326 process building at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PORTS) are located at a height of 5 m above the cell floor. It has been suggested that this height be lowered to ...
This report summarizes the results of an evaluation of Criticality Accident Alarm System (CAAS) coverage of the operating floors (first floors) of the X-333, X-330, and X-326 buildings. CAAS coverage of the process cell floors (second floors) has been eva...
This report summarizes the results of an evaluation of Criticality Accident Alarm System (CAAS) coverage of the X-710 and X-760 buildings and the north half of the X-7745-R storage lot located east of the X-7725 building at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusio...
Neutron-sensitive radiation detectors are used in the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant's (PORTS) criticality accident alarm system (CAAS). The CAAS is composed of numerous detectors, electronics, and logic units. It uses a telemetry system to sound buil...
A previous analysis of the X-700 Building Criticality Accident Alarm System (CAAS) showed that some of the building may not adequately be covered by the one building CAAS detector in its current location. This report compares the results of that analysis ...
Evaluation of criticality accident risks in the processing of significant quantities of fissile materials is both complex and subjective, largely due to the lack of accident statistics. Thus, complying with standards such as ISO 7753 which mandates that the need for an alarm system be evaluated, is also subjective. A review of guidance ...
Even though the prevention of a criticality accident through engineered and administrative controls is of foremost importance at a non-reactor fuel production facility, there is always some residual risk of a criticality accident. Criticality alarm systems are provided for non-reactor nuclear facilities in areas where fissle material ...
The study of accidents ('human errors') has been dominated by efforts to develop 'error' taxonomies and 'error' models that enable the retrospective identification of likely causes. In the field of Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) there is, however, a significant practical need for methods that can predict the occurrence of erroneous actions--qualitatively and quantitatively. ...
Recently, domestic accidents have been increasing in Japan. These kinds of accidents occur in private areas such as bedrooms, toilets and bathrooms, and tend to be found too late. Accidents, particularly those occurring in the bathroom, can often result in death. Many systems which have been proposed or which are in use are designed to ...
As a result of the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique CRAC experimental program, which studied the phenomenology and the radiological consequences of a criticality excursion in fissile solution, the EDAC system has been developed. This system detects a criticality accident and warns personnel as early as possible by triggering the necessary audiovisual ...
... from 1976 to 1981, examined the relationship between aviation accidents and static ... between certain visual conditions and aircraft accidents (19,20 ...
... The statistical analysis indicated that: accident rates are influenced by aircraft usage; accident rates are influenced by pilot experience; low ...
Compensation laws and accident costs were studied pointing out the advantages, financial and humanitarian, of holding accidents to a minimum.
The experience on accident management on French PWRs is described. Figs and tabs. (Atomindex citation 24:067281)
Background:Personal alarms are proposed as a reliable mechanism for older people to obtain assistance after falling. However, little is known about how older people feel about owning and using personal alarms.Aim:This paper reports on experiences of independently living older people, who have recently fallen, regarding ...
The American National Standard ANSI/ANS-8.3-1986, Criticality Accident Alarm System provides guidance for the establishment and maintenance of an alarm system to initiate personnel evacuation in the event of inadvertent criticality. In addition to identifying the physical features of the components of the system, the characteristics of ...
The NPDGamma experiment requires a liquid hydrogen target. The target must possess a large volume (17 liters) to produce n-p capture events, be bubble-free to reduce noise in the current-mode gamma array, exist as parahydrogen at 17K to suppress neutron depolarization, be constructed of low Z nonmagnetic materials to pass 2.2 MeV gammas and maintain magnetic field uniformity, ...
... Title : EXPERIENCE OF THE ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY IN AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION, 1956-1960. ...
In a reprocessing facility where nuclear fuel solutions are processed, one could observe a series of power peaks, with the highest peak right after a criticality accident. The criticality alarm system (CAS) is designed to detect the first power peak and warn workers near the reacting material by sounding alarms immediately. ...
This document represents Phase I of a two-phase project. The entire project consists of determining a series of minimum accidents of concern and their associated neutron and photon leakage spectra that may be used to determine Criticality Accident Alarm c...
Damage alarm is an important step among structure damage identification. Its objective is to evaluate the structure health. The existing damage alarm methods are mostly based on Back-Propagation Neural Networks without thinking over testing noise. Therefore, in order to avoid the disadvantages of conventional Back-Propagation Neural Networks, a modified ...
Chemical alarm cues function as early indicators of a predation threat and influence the outcome of predator-prey interactions in the favour of the prey animal. The tropical goby, Asterropteryx semipunctatus, responded with a stereotypical alarm response, including reduced movement and feeding, following exposure to water that contained chemical cues from ...
The Get-Alarmed Campaign Follow-up Study was the second phase of an initiative to assure that homes of families at high risk of fire-related injury and death had functioning smoke alarms. Smoke alarms and/or batteries were installed in over 94 percent of 454 participating households in Schley and Henry Counties, Georgia, in 2000. ...
This study assessed whether three patients with Alzheimer's disease could learn to use urine alarms and caregivers' prompts to eliminate large urinary accidents. As soon as the patient began to release urine, the alarm system presented auditory and vibratory signals. In relation to those signals, the caregiver would prompt/encourage ...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Internal fixation of fractures is an integral part of health care. However this is a privilege of the developed world. For humanitarian aid internal fixation has always been considered as too prone to infection given the poor hygienic conditions, too specialized, too costly and the infrastructure of so-called developing countries too weak to perform internal fixation successfully. Due to the ...
A wide diversity of fishes possess chemical alarm signalling systems. However, it is not known whether the specific chemicals that act as alarm signals are conserved within most taxonomic groups. In this study we tested whether cross-species responses to chemical alarm signals occurred within salmonid fishes. In separate laboratory ...
A method of caring for patients who have been exposed a peacetime nuclear accident has been described. It show be apparent that the preparation for such an accident and experience of the medical team, if such an accident should occur, would better prepare the medical profession to occur with problems ...
Automobile accident histories were obtained from a sample of 84 U.S. Marines stationed at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. The number of accidents in the preceding 12 months yielded a correlation of zero with accidents prior to that 12-month period. It was c...
This paper describes and evaluates operational experiences with the Accident Response Mobile Manipulation System (ARMMS) during simulated accident site salvage operations which might involve nuclear weapons. The ARMMS is based upon a teleoperated mobility...
The Army's peacetime tracked vehicle accident experience suggests the existence of operational weaknesses that would produce even greater losses in combat. This support packet focuses on the kinds of operational accidents that have the potential to rapidl...
The gross pattern of injury--site, frequency and seriousness--in U. S. Army helicopter accidents is shown. Although 95 percent of the major helicopter accidents are survivable, 22 percent of the deaths in all helicopter accidents occur in survivable condi...
effects in case of a number of accident scenarios) for ammonia and the alternative or conventional fuels gas with a sharp, suffocating odour. It dissolves easily in water and liquid ammonia evaporates alarm. This will also detect gas leakages from other parts of the ammonia system. The max flow valve
The collapse of the Queen Isabella Causeway in 2001, caused by a vessel collision, sent an alarming message to the state of Texas that vessel impact on bridges is a serious issue and that the possibility of such accidents needs to be considered in the des...
The Pacific Northwest Laboratory in Richland, Washington, operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the Atomic Energy Commission has a new alarm system to detect and warn of uncontrolled nuclear criticality accidents. The basic elements of the system, n...
... trap alarms under the principle of refinement in animal experiments. Keywords: Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) trap alarm, live-trapping, Lutra lutra, otter, ... ...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
In this design challenge activity, learners invent a device that will make their friends and family ask, "What's buzzing?" Learners design an alarm with an on/off switch that is small enough to hide. This activity is a fun, hands-on way for learners to get a taste for the design process and experiment with circuitry.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
The report gives design principles and criteria for criticality detection and alarm systems based on earlier work and revised in the light of more recent experience. In particular, account is taken of the developments which have taken place in the field o...
... Accession Number : ADA428733. Title : The Aviation Accident Experience of Civilian Airmen With Refractive Surgery. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ...
In this photo, Johnny Miller exmines the Experiment Data Logging and Alarm System, which recorded all events during the operating cycles of the Plum Brook ...
Personal radiation detection instruments (PRDIs) are often used to augment the protection provided by the installed criticality accident alarm system (CAAS). ANSI/ANS-8.3-1997 provides examples of situations when PRDIs could be used, including {hor{underscore}ellipsis}alarm system maintenance or testing, evacuation drills, activities ...
As a result of the need for a more accurate computational methodology, the Los Alamos developed Monte Carlo code MCNP is used to show the implementation of a more advanced and accurate methodology in criticality accident detector analysis. This paper will detail the application of MCNP for the analysis of the areas of coverage of a criticality accident ...
On August 5, 2003 at 2:13 p.m., a continuous air monitor alarm actuated in room 201B in the Plutonium Processing and Handling Facility, Technical Area-55, at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Two workers in the room at the time of the alarm immediately evac...
