... components, radioactive material, nuclear weapon ... Descriptors : *NUCLEAR WEAPONS ... TRANSFER, *RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS, *DIRECTIVES ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... nuclear industrial accidents, such as the 1986 nuclear reactor accident at a power station in Chernobyl, Ukraine. ... All rights reserved. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. " ...
MedlinePLUS
In this report the radioactive fallout on Greece from the Chernobyl nuclear accident is described. The flow pattern to Greece of the radioactive materials released, the measurements performed on environmental samples and samples of the food chain and some...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
... need to respond to a nuclear weapons transportation accident. ... reach agreement with Russian officials on assistance to secure nuclear materials. ...
... by ingestion following a nuclear reactor accident. ... Nuclear reactors (I-131; Cs-134 + Cs-137 ... ie, dispersal of nuclear weapon material without nuclear ...
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)
This paper presents a summarized status report on the potential hazards of shipping nuclear materials. Principles of nuclear shipment safety, government regulations, shipment information, quality assurance, types of radioactive wastes, package integrity, packaging materials, number of shipments, ...
Energy Citations Database
The sequence of events and the consequences of the nuclear reactor accident at Chernobyl, USSR in April 1986 are reviewed. The background material in nuclear reactor and nuclear explosion physics required for understanding these events is extensively explained, and the differences between U.S. ...
Fourteen nuclear criticality accidents that occurred in Russia between 1953 and 1997 are described. These accidents are significant because of the loss of control of special nuclear material and the resultant radiation doses to personnel, potential damage to equipment, and release of ...
PubMed
Fourteen non-reactor nuclear criticality accidents that occurred in Russia between 1953 and 1997 are described. These accidents are significant because of the loss of control of special nuclear material and the resultant radiation doses to personnel, potential damage to equipment, and release ...
The increasing use of radioactive materials and the increasing public concern about possible accidents involving these materials has led to greater emphasis on preparing for such emergencies. The ANS Topical Meeting on Radiological Accidents - Perspective...
...does not set forth Federal agency responsibilities or capabilities for responding to an accident at a fixed nuclear facility or a transportation accident involving radioactive materials. These responsibilities are addressed in the...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010
Hazardous radioactive materials can be released into the atmosphere by accidents at nuclear power plants, fuel processing facilities, and other facilities, and by transportation accidents involving nuclear materials. In addition, the post-cold-war prolife...
The development of two new probabilistic accident consequence codes, MACCS and COSYMA, was developed in 1990. These codes estimate the consequence from the accidental releases of radiological material from hypothesized accidents at nuclear installations. ...
The development of two new probabilistic accident consequence codes, MACCS and COSYMA, was completed in 1990. These codes estimate the consequence from the accidental releases of radiological material from hypothesized accidents at nuclear installations. ...
Licensing New Reactors Advanced Reactors Operator Licensing for New Reactors Nuclear Reactor Quick Links Nuclear Materials Special Nuclear Material Source Material Byproduct...
Science.gov Websites
>From winter meeting of American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Detroit, Michigan, USA (11 Nov 1973). The probability of accidents occurring in the nuclear fuel cycle is examined by considering: projected number of shipments of nuclear materials for power reactors (excluding breeder and gascooled ...
Nuclear 2.0 Responding to the Fukushima Nuclear Accident An Elegant Solution Catalyzing Reactor Research Home Stimulus Construction Jobs Information Chemical and Materials...
... In 1986, as a result of the Chernobyl nuclear accident, a number of states�the US included�negotiated and signed the Convention on Early ...
Research is described in three areas, high-technology design of unconventional, nonnuclear weapons, a model for analyzing special nuclear materials safeguards decisions, and a nuclear weapons accident exercise (NUWAX-81). (GHT)
A general temperate latitude cyclonic rainstorm model is presented which describes the effects of washout and runoff on consequences of atmospheric releases of radioactive material from potential nuclear reactor accidents. The model treats the temporal an...
Following a nuclear accident there is a need to determine the chemical composition of materials in liquid, solid and gaseous form, the crystalline structure of solids, the size and chemical composition of particles, and the chemical characterization of co...
Regulations for the transport of radioactive material are considered. Qualification criteria specified in the regulations, when applied to packaging design, provide the objective of safe packaging and transport of nuclear materials. Incorporation of accid...
... Who responds to an accident involving a radioactive...Provisions Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Transportation... Who responds to an accident involving a radioactive...respond to transportation accidents involving radioactive...team that may include nuclear engineers, health...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011
Elements of risk in reactor accidents are discussed. Estimates of the public risk from nuclear-power-plant accidents hinge on three important factors: (1) the probability of specific events occurring that could lead to an accident involving radiation release; (2) the quantity, type, and timing of release of ...
A wide variety of organic materials will be present in containment following a light-water reactor accident. Organic iodines can be produced by the reaction of fission product iodine with these organic materials. The report emphasizes the importance of fr...
... and recovering from a nuclear accident or incident ... Descriptors : * EMERGENCIES, *NUCLEAR RADIATION, *RESPONSE, *RADIATION ...
This report summarizes Department of Defense nuclear mishaps from 1950 to 1980. The information presented is material available in the public domain at the time of publication. Keywords: Nuclear accidents; Nuclear weapons mishaps.
An assessment of the radiological consequences that would result for the population of Greece from postulated major nuclear accidents in the Kozloduy nuclear power station in Bulgaria is performed. Kozloduy lies at a distance of 225 km from the northern borders of Greece and contains six reactors, all of the Russian WWER type. The ...
The Directive reissues Department of Defense (DoD) Instruction 5230.16, August 8, 1967, to update DoD policies and procedures for the prompt release of information to the public in the interest of public safety and to prevent public alarm in the event of accidents or significant incidents involving nuclear weapons or radioactive ...
Case study with discussion questions. "Some 20 years ago, the most serious accident in nuclear history changed the lives of many. Massive amounts of radioactive materials were released into the environment resulting in a radioactive cloud that spread over much of Europe. The greatest contamination occurred around the reactor in areas ...
NSDL National Science Digital Library
These notes used in the postgraduate course on Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety discuss macro-and microscopic nuclear constants for fissile materials systems. Critical systems: their definition; criteria to analyze the critical state; determinat...
potentially be used to transport nuclear explosive devices, including damaged nuclear weapons and improvised). The Board's staff focused on reviewing hoisting and rigging practices at the Device Assembly Facility, U1a and drops of nuclear devices and materials. Several of the postulated ...
E-print Network
, the by-product of nuclear-weapon testing in the atmosphere, is a source of radiation. Other sources of radiation include emissions of radioactive materials from nuclear facilities such as uranium mines, fuel to a member of the public from a nuclear accident 5 rem Annual limit for occupational ...
... Section 50.92 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION DOMESTIC...a material alteration to a nuclear power reactor manufactured...effluents or radiation emitted by a nuclear power plant). (c) The...probability or consequences of an accident previously evaluated; or...
... Section 1.44 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT...source, byproduct, and special nuclear material used or produced...environment, or the safeguarding of nuclear reactor facilities licensed...action regarding incidents or accidents related to facilities...
The claim of the nuclear industry to have an excellent safety record is examined in terms of health and accident records of workers in the industry. The nuclear industry is considered to include all work with ionizing radiations and radioactive materials,...
This work analyzes the optimal placement of a criticality accident alarm system (CAAS) necessitated by an unexpected accumulation of fissile materials in the filtration system of an idled experimental nuclear reactor. Results using multidimensional determ...
The objective of this report is to provide the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the public with a description of the best technical information currently available for estimating the release of radioactive material during postulated reactor accidents, an...
Releases of gaseous radioactive materials were calculated for a series of postulated accidents for BWRs and PWRs. The purpose was the development of bases for selection of radiation measurement sensitivities for gaseous effluent monitoring instrumentation...
This volume is the second of a two-volume document that summarizes a joint project conducted by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the European Commission to assess uncertainties in the MACCS and COSYMA probabilistic accident consequence codes. Thes...
This volume is the first of a two-volume document that summarizes a joint project conducted by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the European Commission to assess uncertainties in the MACCS and COSYMA probabilistic accident consequence codes. These...
If, despite all the precautions taken in nuclear power plants, a severe accident was to occur in France involving extensive release of radioactive materials to the environment, existing emergency plans would be implemented enabling urgent decisions to be ...
If, despite all the precautions taken in nuclear power plants, a severe accident were to occur in France involving extensive release of radioactive materials to the environment, existing emergency plans would be implemented enabling urgent decisions to be...
Sandia National Laboratories utilizes fire test facilities to subject military components and nuclear material shipping containers to postulated accident environments. Understanding and simulating the fire environment found in a severe accident is a compl...
This standard provides guidelines and a methodology for calculating effective doses and thyroid doses to people (either individually or collectively) in the path of airborne radioactive material released from a nuclear facility following a hypothetical ac...
Major issues associated with the use of nuclear power are health hazards of exposure to radioactive materials; sources of radiation exposure; reactor accidents; sabotage of nuclear facilities; diversion of fissile material and its use for extortion; and t...
The Chernobyl Database project is developing and maintaining an information to provide researchers with data and resource materials relating to the Chernobyl nuclear accident of April 1986. The system is the official United States repository for Chernobyl...
... doses from radioisotopes, Chapter 9 (Nuclear Weapons and Reactor Accidents) should appeal to specialists and non-specialists alike. Material covered in this chapter includes an account of ... ...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
Workers close to the reactor could be affected by External exposure to highly radioactive materials within the reactor External contamination by radioactivity released and...
... logical materials, and possible nuclear power plant accidents); resource short ... (5) General Accounting Office, "National Flood Insurance," (GAO/CED ...
The report provides background information on the social cost of relocating households away from areas contaminated as a result of a release of radioactive particulate material to the atmosphere from an accident at a nuclear power plant. Results of the an...
accidents involving shipments of radioactive materials, to deliberate acts of nuclear terrorism. Call 1-800-424-8802 to report a radiation emergency. More information...
The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, precipitated by the earthquake and subsequent tsunami that struck the northeastern coast of Japan in March 2011, has raised concerns about the potential impact to marine biota posed by the release of radioactive water and radionuclide particles into the environment. The Fukushima ...
The nuclear-critical accident that occurred in the plutonium processing plant at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory on December 30, 1958, resulted from an unusual and complex set of circumstanoes. Reconstruction of the steps that preceded the accident and analysis of the materials involvod give a ...
DOE installations possessing sufficient quantities of fissile material to potentially constitute a critical mass, such that the excessive exposure of personnel to radiation from a nuclear accident is possible, are required to provide nuclear accident dosimetry services. This document describes ...
This Directive reissues reference (a) DoD Directive 5230.16 to update DoD policy, responsibilities, and procedures for the prompt release of information to the public in the interest of public safety, and to prevent public alarm in the event of accidents or significant incidents involving nuclear weapons or nuclear components, ...
The author of this book chronicles the negative aspects of nuclear weapons and civilian nuclear power from the Trinity test in 1945 to the end of the Cold War in 1992. Chapters provide narratives on the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the testing of nuclear weapons by the United States, effects of radiation and radioactive fallout ...
A review. (H.H.D.)17:027632Topics discussed include: procedures to be followed the first 12 hr after an accident; later emergency period; clinical features of the acute radiation syndrome; therapy and long-term follow-up studies; hospital disaster plans for radiation accidents; problems of psychological upset; accidents ...
Assessment of the environmental consequences of an accident in a fuel cycle facility ultimately involves calculating the atmospheric dispersion of radioactive materials and estimating the radiation dose to the surrounding population. Some uncertainty lies in the estimate of the nuclear facility source term to be used for atmospheric ...
Because the goal of emergency preparedness for both chemical and nuclear hazards is to reduce human exposure to hazardous materials, this paper examines the interchange of lessons learned from emergency planning and accident experience in both industries. While the concerns are slightly different, sufficient similarity is found for ...
DOE Information Bridge
This bibliography contains citations concerning risk analysis and hazards evaluation of the design, construction, and operation of nuclear facilities, including the risk and hazards of transporting radioactive materials to and from these facilities. Radiological calculations for environmental effects of nuclear ...
The bibliography contains citations concerning risk analysis and hazards evaluation of the design, construction, and operation of nuclear facilities. The citations also explore the risk and hazards of transporting radioactive materials to and from these facilities. Radiological calculations for environmental effects of nuclear ...
The Radioactive Materials Incident Report (RMIR) database was developed fin 1981 at the Transportation Technology Center of Sandia National Laboratories to support its research and development activities for the US department of Energy (DOE). This database contains information about radioactive material (RAM) transportation incidents that have occurred in ...
During the past 50 years, the United States has experienced 32 major nuclear weapons accidents, nine of which released special nuclear material to the environment. Response to these accidents, coupled with recovery experience following the Russian satellite reentry and weapons test site ...
Exposure of the general public during the transportation of nuclear fuel cycle materials may occur by one of four mechanisms: incident-free exposure, vehicular accidents, deviations from approved quality-assurance practices, and breaches of security/safeg...
Research is described in three areas, high-technology design of unconventional, nonnuclear weapons, a model for analyzing special nuclear materials safeguards decisions, and a nuclear weapons accident exercise (NUWAX-81). (ERA citation 07:008242)
A software package intended for the assessments of risks resulting from accidental release of radioactive materials from a nuclear power plant is presented. The models and the various programs based on them, are described. The work includes detailed opera...
During a severe core damage accident in a nuclear light water reactor, the process of melting and solidification of core material results in a cohesive debris bed. This paper determines (a) the initial equilibrium thickness of the lower crust of the bed, ...
... occur as a result of releases of radioactive materials from nuclear reactor accidents, fallout from nuclear weapons testing, radionuclides administered ... ...
Nuclear facilities containing fissionable material generally require a comprehensive safety analysis. The risk as a function of the probability and consequence must be determined for accident scenarios. This paper discusses methodology for conducting such...
This paper describes a multilaboratory research program that is directed toward addressing many questions that analysts face when performing air cleaning accident consequence assessments. The program involves developing analytical tools and supportive experimental data that will be useful in making more realistic assessments of accident source terms within ...
The Radioactive Materials Incident Report (RMIR) database was developed in 1981 at the Transportation Technology Center of Sandia National Laboratories to support its research and development activities for the US Department of Energy (DOE). This database contains information about radioactive materials transportation incidents that have occurred in the US ...
The evaluation of the dose that a person received in a criticality accident can be difficult. Most accidents have occurred when the person was not wearing nuclear accident dosimetry and since the NRC no longer requires these dosimeters, future dose evaluations may have to be based on body activations and ...
This pilot training manual has been written to fill the need for a general text on NRC response to reactor accidents. The manual is intended to be the foundation for a course for all NRC response personnel. Overview and Summary of Major Points is the first in a series of volumes that collectively summarize the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) ...
This report is a summary of the material transport modeling procedures developed to support a family of accident analysis computer codes. The material transport modeling areas include transport initiation, convection, interaction, depletion, and filtration. Except for material interaction, these areas are developed ...
The non-existence of emergency response programs is frequently stated as a reason for restricting the movement of radioactive materials through states or local jurisdictions. Yet, studies discussed here indicate that emergency response capability, while n...
In todays compliant-driven environment, fissionable material handlers are inundated with work control rules and procedures in carrying out nuclear operations. Historically, human errors are one of the key contributors of various criticality accidents. Sin...
An introduction to nuclear fission, its controlled release in power stations, problems of nuclear waste, and nuclear accidents. A linked web page discusses nuclear weapons, their effect, their ban, and "dirty bombs". This material supplements a previous section on fission ...
... Descriptors : *AVIATION ACCIDENTS, NUCLEAR WEAPONS, RECOVERY, GREENLAND, ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS, DECONTAMINATION ...
The Price-Anderson Act encourages private industry development of nuclear energy. It establishes a source of funds to compensate personal injury and property damage from a nuclear accident and limits the liability of private industry for such accidents. The indemnity provisions of the act, which allow the ...
... Descriptors : *NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS, *REACTOR ACCIDENTS, GLOBAL, FOREIGN, SAFETY, NUCLEAR ENERGY, PERIODICALS ...
... Radiation on Behavior and the Brain; Nuclear Weapons Accident Response Procedure; Management of Radiation Accidents; Medical Operations ...
Two nuclear accidents involving a plutonium sphere just subcritical in size occurred at the Los Alamos Laboratory, LA-1 in 1945 and LA-2 in 1946. Because remote control devices were deemed unreliable at the time, the tamper material (tungsten carbide bric...
It has been almost 25 years since the Chernobyl nuclear accident in Ukraine. We review relevant data derived from published reports originating in the Former Soviet Union. We cite census data from Ukraine and research studies from Western Europe that analyzed the effect of radiation on genetics and health outcome in the exposed populations. We also present ...
Operations with fissile material introduce the risk of a criticality accident that may be lethal to nearby personnel. In addition, concerns over criticality safety can result in substantial delays and shutdown of facility operations. For these reasons, it is clear that the prevention of a nuclear criticality ...
The document refers to the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (CENNA) (IAEA-INFCIRC-335) and the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (CANARE) (IAEA-INFCIRC-336). Part I contains the stat...
The document refers to the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (IAEA-INFCIRC-335) and to the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (IAEA-INFCIRC-336). Part I contains the status lists as of...
The document refers to the Convention on early notification of a nuclear accident (INFCIRC-335) and to the Convention on assistance in the case of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency (INFCIRC-336). Part I contains reservations/declarations made u...
The document refers to the Convention on early notification of a nuclear accident (INFCIRC-335) and to the Convention on assistance in the case of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency (INFCIRC-336). Part I of the document contains the texts of res...
The document refers to the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (INFCIRC-335) and to the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (INFCIRC-336). Part I of the document contains reservations/dec...
