A Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) can, which is called the High Integrity Can (HIC), is being designed at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Its intended use is to contain SNF sent to the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC). INTEC will then do the final work with the HIC to send it to the repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, for long-term storage. ...

a straightforward way to design for glass-specific hazard scenarios like vandalism and accidental surface damage damaging. It does not satisfyingly cover hazard scenarios like vandalism and accidental impacts and can

This study presents a generic methodology that can be used to evaluate the uncertainty in the calculated accidental offsite doses at the Yucca Mountain repository during the preclosure period. For demonstration purposes, this methodology is applied to two specific accident scenarios: the first involves a crane dropping an open ...

A series of analyses were performed to assess the structural response of spent nuclear fuel dry casks subjected to various handling and on-site transfer events. The results of these analyses are being used by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to perform a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). Although the PRA study is being performed for a specific nuclear plant, the PRA study is also ...

A series of analyses were performed to assess the structural response of spent nuclear fuel dry casks subjected to various handling and on-site transfer events. The results of these analyses are being used by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to perform a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). Although the PRA study is being performed for a specific nuclear plant, the PRA study is also ...

A shielded cask is used to transport radioactive materials between facilities at the Idaho National Laboratory. The cask was fabricated with an outer and inner shell of A36 carbon steel with lead poured in the annular space between the shells to provide radiation shielding. Carbon steel is known to be susceptible to low-temperature brittle fracture under impact loading. This paper will present the ...

A shielded cask is used to transport radioactive materials between facilities. The cask was fabricated with an outer and inner shell of hot rolled low carbon steel. Lead was poured in the annular space between the shells to provide radiation shielding. Carbon steel is known to be susceptible to lowtemperature brittle fracture under impact loading. This paper will present the analysis results ...

The National Spent Nuclear Fuel Program (NSNFP) has pursued a number of structural testing projects that are intended to provide data that can be used to substantiate the position that U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) canisters, made from austenitic stainless steels, can maintain containment after an accidental drop event and that ...

A series of tests was performed to study the effects of accidentally dropping a fuel element because of a failure of the SRE fuel handling equipment. It is concluded that an accident resulting in a drop of as much as 12 feet will not cause rupture of the fuel jackets. A drop of the maximum possible, 24 ...

In this paper the different ways of development for the BN-800 maximum credible accident in case of loss and fire of primary sodium are examined. The more constraining scenario is presented. During the scenario analysis the accidental release of radioacti...

A speed dependent, pressure activated arming switch is desirable since it eliminates manual or mechanical setting. Such a switch would not arm the firing system if the weapon is accidentally dropped during the lower speeds of landing or take-off.

Stainless steels are used for the construction of numerous spent nuclear fuel or radioactive material containers that may be subjected to high strains and moderate strain rates during accidental drop events. Mechanical characteristics of these base materi...

An analysis is made of the normal handling that a microelectronic package is likely to encounter. The stresses and deformations of the lids and bases of a rectangular flat-pack caused by the accidental dropping of the package onto a floor from a height of...

A Multipurpose Canister (MPC) is analyzed for critical stresses that occur during normal handling conditions and accidental scenarios. Linear and Non-linear Finite Element Analysis is performed and the stresses at various critical locations in the MPC and...

The relocation impacts of an accidental release, scenario 1-RD-3 , are evaluated for the Savannah River Technology Center. The extent of the area potentially contaminated to a level that would result in doses exceeding the relocation protective action guide is calculated.

An assessment is presented for the human toxicity, environmental, and ecological consequences resulting from accidental releases of ClF5 liquid propellant. Various accident scenarios are considered involving instantaneous releases of 2000 kg of propellant...

The food ingestion consequences of an accidental release, scenario 1-RD-2.35, are evaluated for H-Separations. The sizes of land areas requiring the protective action of food interdiction are calculated. The consequences of the release are evaluated with the HOTSPOT model and an EXCEL spreadsheet.

Scenarios in which the explosive burster charge in a chemical munition accidentally detonates inside demilitarization containment chambers are analyzed. The vulnerability of an inner Auxiliary Pressure Vessel and the primary Explosive Containment Chamber ...

... the value of antioxidants as countermeasures against radiological terrorism, especially in the practical scenario of starting a ... M. Drouet. Cytokine-based treatment of accidentally irradiated victims a...

Vulnerability of tritium in a solid breeding material has been determined for accidents involving failure of the barrier between the blanket and reactor building. Two breeding materials were analyzed, lithium aluminate and lithium oxide. Accident scenario...

Jun 1, 2008 ... Here, massive porites coral have experienced a 20% drop in growth in the last 16 years. The best-case scenario from the Intergovernmental ...

The report discusses past developments in higher education and projects two scenarios for the future: (1) a drastic drop in enrollment; and (2) continued high enrollment. Implications of both trends are discussed.

Jul 21, 2009 ... Examples of test scenarios and the output of our pedestrian detection ...... tions on true positives where the classification score dropped ...

Onsite and site boundary radiological consequences were estimated for a postulated accidental drop of an Interim Storage Cask (ISC) loaded 7 assemblies at the maximum available burnup. The postulated cask drop was assumed to occur from the maximum physically attainable height during crane movement of the cask. The resulting onsite and ...

The purpose of this report is to investigate the potential for damage to the MCO during impact from an accidental drop from the MHM into the shipping cask. The MCO is dropped from a height of 8.2 feet above the cask enters the cask concentrically and falls the additional 12.83 feet to the cask bottom. Because of the interface fit ...

The analysis of radionuclide transport at new nuclear reactor sites is currently performed by considering the release of liquid radioactive effluents under three scenarios; accidental release scenarios, normal release scenarios, and inadvertent release scenarios. Accidental ...

Accidental exposure to the blood of hepatitis B patients produced less fear than does accidental exposure today to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), even though both have an approximately equal overall risk of death (approximately 1%). Subjects responding to hypothetical insect-exposure and disease-exposure scenarios chose to ...

This document is a structural analysis of the Flexible Receiver Platforms and the tank-pit wall during removal of equipment and during a accidental drop of that equipment. The platform and the pit walls must withstand a accidental drop of a mixer and transfer pumps in specific pits in tanks 102-AP and 104-AP. A ...

Transport casks used to move spent nuclear fuel between storage locations must be designed for accidental drops which may occur during cask handling. The potential for damage is especially significant for side drops, where deformations of the cask inner cavity are likely to be the most severe. There are various analytical methods ...

The Palomares terrestrial ecosystem (Spain) constitutes a natural laboratory to study transuranics. This scenario is partially contaminated with weapon-grade plutonium since the burnout and fragmentation of two thermonuclear bombs accidentally dropped in 1966. While performing radiometric measurements in the field, the possible ...

The inner containment vessel of the UC-609 shipping container must remain intact and sealed after undergoing a thirty foot drop onto an unyielding surface. The drop scenarios which were considered in this study included top corner down and top down drops. Results of the calculations performed for this study predict ...

As part of the launch approval process, the Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Panel provides an independent safety assessment of space missions--such as the Cassini mission--that carry a significant amount of nuclear materials. This survey article describes potential accident scenarios that might lead to release of fuel from an accidental reentry during an ...

The report provides information on contingency modeling for a wide range of different accidental release scenarios of hazardous air pollutants that might take place at Superfund and other sites. The scenarios are used to illustrate how atmospheric dispersion models, including dense gas models, should be applied. Particular emphasis is ...

We investigate the size distribution of drops in turbulent two-phase flows using the population balance equation (PBE). We focus on three scenarios of the turbulent mixing: drops smaller than the Kolmogorov scale, stochastic break-up in air-blast atomization, and drops in the ineritial range of isotropic, ...

The Department of Energy (DOE) has developed a design concept for a set of standard canisters for the handling, interim storage, transportation, and disposal in the national repository, of DOE spent nuclear fuel (SNF). The standardized DOE SNF canister has to be capable of handling virtually all of the DOE SNF in a variety of potential storage and transportation systems. It must also be acceptable ...

The FRS is a pool structure and enclosing building constructed in 1966 for storing spent nuclear fuel. The enclosing building was not analyzed. The pool structure's responses to operating loads, seismic excitation, and an accidentally dropped cask were determined. Locations in the FRS pool were identified where structural strength would be ...

: Accidental and normal operation of oil drilling and production platforms puts some oil into the sea, in.whoi.edu Mixing Oil and Water Tracking the sources and impacts of oil pollution in the marine environment By John://oceanusmag.whoi.edu/v42n3/farrington.html Drop by drop--that is how most oil enters the oceans. Catastrophic spills ...

In the new security environment, there is a clear and present danger of terrorists using non-conventional weapons to inflict maximum psychological and economic damage on their targets. This article examines two scenarios of radiation contamination and injury, one accidental in nature leading to environmental contamination, and another of deliberate intent ...

The ITP failed filter containment box is used to transport the failed filter from the tank farm to the burial ground. During transportation, the ITP failed filter containment box, or ``box,`` will be subject to internal pressure loading and possibly an impact load resulting from rough handling or an accidental drop. This report contains a structural ...

A crush pad has been designed and analyzed to absorb the kinetic energy of an accidentally dropped spent nuclear fuel shipping cask into a 44 ft. deep cask unloading pool. Conventional analysis techniques available for evaluating a cask for tipping due to...

(SER) by which the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) approved and barrier paper to bare workstation surfaces to reduce the risk of a high explosive detonation or deflagration (HEDD) from an accidental drop of high explosive. Given the number of operations that involved

This paper derives formulas for estimating the frequency of accidental aircraft crashes into surface facilities. Objects unintentionally dropped from aircraft are also considered. The approach allows the facility to be well within the flight area; inside the flight area, but close to the edge; or completely outside the flight area.

A shielded cask is used to transport radioactive materials between facilities. The cask was fabricated with an outer and inner shell of hot rolled low carbon steel. Lead was poured in the annular space between the shells to provide radiation shielding. Ca...

A shielded cask is used to transport radioactive materials between facilities at the Idaho National Laboratory. The cask was fabricated with an outer and inner shell of A36 carbon steel with lead poured in the annular space between the shells to provide r...

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the dose to man from releases of {sup 99}Tc in a fresh water system and to identify the biospheric transfer parameters to which the total dose is the most sensitive. Only internal exposure is taken into account, as the external irradiation leads to a negligible dose contribution. Two release modes were considered: continuous (routine) releases and ...

In the case of accidental release of hazardous gases in the atmosphere, the emergency responders need a reliable and fast tool to assess the possible consequences and apply the optimal countermeasures. A number of models for the prediction and simulation of hazard areas affected by accidental releases of toxic gases are available worldwide. Modelling ...

Safety considerations in large future fusion reactors like ITER are important before licensing the reactor. Several scenarios are considered hazardous, which include safety of plasma-facing components during hard disruptions, high heat fluxes and thermal ...

The relocation impacts of an accidental release, scenario 1-RD-2.35, are evaluated for H-Separations. The extent of the area potentially contaminated to a level that would result in doses exceeding the relocation protective action guide (PAG) is calculated. The maximum calculated distance downwind from the accident at which the relocation PAG is exceeded ...

The relocation impacts of an accidental release, scenario 1-RD-3 , are evaluated for the Savannah River Technology Center. The extent of the area potentially contaminated to a level that would result in doses exceeding the relocation protective action guide(PAG)is calculated. The maximum calculated distance downwind from the accident at which the ...

The relocation impacts of an accidental release, scenario 1-RD-2.35, are evaluated for H-Separations. The extent of the area potentially contaminated to a level that would result in doses exceeding the relocation protective action guide (PAG) is calculated. The maximum calculated distance downwind from the accident at which the relocation PAG is exceeded ...

The food ingestion consequences due to radioactive particulates of an accidental release, scenario 1-RD-3, are evaluated for Savannah River Technology Center. The sizes of land areas requiring the protective action of food interdiction are calculated. The consequences of the particulate portion of the release are evaluated with the HOTSPOT model and an ...

consumption of pharmaceutical proteins in food as a result of production of those proteins in transgenic maize with no dilution from non-transgenic maize. During the food- making process, the protein was not denatured scenario assumed that there was a harvest of transgenic maize. The maize was accidentally taken to a food

The clinical spectrum of Inhalation injury can range from mild cough to a devastating ARDS. We herewith present a patient who is a goldsmith by occupation and his work consists of dissolving gold in Hydrochloric acid. He had accidentally inhaled fumes of Hydrochloric acid and presented with cough and breathlessness, later on required mechanical ventilation for ARDS and ...

Scenarios were studied for the establishment of methods for analyzing the factors contributing to voltage drop, for clarifying the cell deteriorating mechanism, and for accelerated tests for phosphoric acid fuel cells. Field test data was collected from 5...

potentially be used to transport nuclear explosive devices, including damaged nuclear weapons and improvised). The Board's staff focused on reviewing hoisting and rigging practices at the Device Assembly Facility, U1a and drops of nuclear devices and materials. Several of the postulated accident scenarios could result

Nov 4, 2007 ... You can leave the third brush handle from the all Gel Brush caddy on ..... From Scenario File drop-list, sel 'White Tile-Day' or 'White ...

In this paper, we propose a cost effective add-drop fiber-optic microcell system for CDMA cellular network. The add-drop microcell is compatible with the existing PCS or digital cellular services (DCS) systems & networks. The proposed fiber-optic add-drop access network is independent of the different channels and gives flexibility ...

A variety of drop shear or impact scenarios have been identified for the Canister Storage Building. Some of these are being addressed by new calculations or require no specific action. This document describes five of them which are addressed by design features and/or existing design calculations. For each of the five a position is stated indicating the ...

This paper defines a theoretical framework based on Markov Decision Processes (MDP) to deal with call control algorithms in links with variable capacity supporting multiple classes of service. The variable capacity problem, which arises in wireless network scenarios, is addressed by incorporating the link model into the MDP formulation and by introducing, beside the standard ...

Domino effect is responsible of several catastrophic accidents that took place in the chemical and process industry. Although the destructive potential of these accidental scenarios is widely recognized, scarce attention was paid to this subject in the scientific and technical literature. Thus, well-assessed procedures for the quantitative evaluation of ...

The phase inversion that undergoes an emulsion while being sheared is a sudden phenomenon that is still puzzling. In this Letter, we report an experimental investigation on propagative coalescence by using a microfluidic device where a calibrated two-dimensional emulsion is created and destabilized. The velocity of propagation and the probability of the coalescence are reported as a function of ...

The phase inversion that undergoes an emulsion while being sheared is a sudden phenomenon that is still puzzling. In this Letter, we report an experimental investigation on propagative coalescence by using a microfluidic device where a calibrated two-dimensional emulsion is created and destabilized. The velocity of propagation and the probability of the coalescence are reported as a function of ...

We consider the evolution of a spherically symmetric Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) drop with limited size in the framework of relativistic hydrodynamics. In the presence of the boundary, the expanding and cooling of QGP drop may appear as oscillating processes, which realize via multiple traveling of rarefaction and compression waves through the plasma and lead ...

A study by the Mitre Corporation indicates that increased use of refuse-to-energy plants will cause a net drop in the amount of pollutants released into the environment. Two scenarios were imagined. First, it was supposed that little change in disposal practices takes place between now and 1990 and a second scenario supposed that, by ...

Considering an extremely hypothetical scenario of complete cross duct failure and unlimited air supply into the reactor vessel of a modular high temperature gas cooled ractor, it is found that the potential air inflow remains limited due to the high friction pressure drop through the active core. All incoming air will be oxidized to CO and some local ...

How novel traits arise in organisms has long been a major problem in biology. Indeed, the sharpest critiques of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection often centered on explaining how novel body parts arose. In his response to The Origin of Species, St. George J. Mivart challenged Darwin to explain the origin of evolutionary novelties such as the mammary gland, asking if it was ...

The National Spent Nuclear Fuel Program, operating from the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), developed the standardized Department of Energy (DOE) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) canister. During the development of this canister, more than twenty drop tests were completed, evaluating high strain behavior, puncture resistance, maintenance of ...

In the field of forensic footwear examination, it is a widely held belief that patterns of accidental marks found on footwear and footwear impressions possess a high degree of "uniqueness." This belief, however, has not been thoroughly studied in a numerical way using controlled experiments. As a result, this form of valuable physical evidence has been the subject of ...

A Multipurpose Canister (MPC) is analyzed for critical stresses that occur during normal handling conditions and accidental scenarios. Linear and Non-linear Finite Element Analysis is performed and the stresses at various critical locations in the MPC and its weldments are studied extensively. Progressive failure analysis of the MPC`s groove and fillet ...

With final publication of the Risk Management Program (RMP), operating companies must take action to lessen the likelihood of accidental hazardous chemical releases. Now, companies must extensively investigate how raw materials and products are managed within the process and storage facilities. Protection at high costs is not profitable. At the same time, not enough protection ...

This document contains recommendations on appropriate human physiological and dosimetric parameters for use in assessing doses in the short term following an accidental release of radioactive contamination to the atmosphere during a nuclear emergency. It focuses on the exposure pathways expected to deliver the greatest radiation dose under this scenario, ...

The effect of possible accidental beam loss in the LHC on the IP5 and IP6 insertion elements is studied via realistic Monte Carlo simulations. The scenario studied is beam loss due to unsynchronized abort at an accidental prefire of one of the abort kicker modules. Simulations show that this beam loss would result in severe heating of ...

Some time ago a model for accidental pathogens was developed to describe large fluctuations in the epidemiology of some diseases where the pathogen mostly lives with its host as a commensal and only rarely causes disease, leading to a disadvantage of the mutants which cause disease more often. By now the simplest version of this scenario is known as ...

Dispersion modeling of accidental releases of toxic gases - Comparison of the models and their utility for the fire brigades. Sirma Stenzel, Kathrin Baumann-Stanzer In the case of accidental release of hazardous gases in the atmosphere, the emergency responders need a reliable and fast tool to assess the possible consequences and apply the optimal ...

Many applications require comparison between alternative scenarios; most support it poorly. A subjunctive interface supports comparison through its facilities for parallel setup, viewing and control of scenarios. To evaluate the usability and benefits of these facilities, we ran experiments in which subjects used both a simple and a subjunctive interface ...

The Los Alamos Controlled Air Incinerator (CAI) is a system designed to accept radioactive mixed waste containing alpha-emitting radionuclides. A mathematical model was developed to predict the pressure response throughout the offgas treatment system of the CAI during three hypothetical incident scenarios. The scenarios examined included: (1) loss of ...

In the frame of the Accidental Risk Assessment Methodology for Industries (ARAMIS) project, this paper aims at presenting the work carried out in the part of the project devoted to the definition of accident scenarios. This topic is a key-point in risk assessment and serves as basis for the whole risk quantification. The first result of the work is the ...

A spent nuclear fuel canister has been developed with the goal of no containment failure even during accidental drop conditions. This canister was designed to be loaded with U.S. Department of Energy spent nuclear fuel and then used for interim storage, transportation to the nation�s repository, and final disposal at the repository. The design required a ...

Several air dispersion models are available for prediction and simulation of the hazard areas associated with accidental releases of toxic gases. The most model packages (commercial or free of charge) include a chemical database, an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) and automated graphical output for effective presentation of results. The models are designed especially ...

Theoretical predictions of pre-existing models for the washout of dichloromethane by falling water drops, were verified experimentally using the UCLA precipitation shaft. Whereas good agreement between theory and experiment was observed for drops with radii less than 0.5 mm, computed gas-uptake rates for larger drops were much slower ...

Shipping casks are being used in the United States Department of Energy to transport irradiated experiments, reactor fuel, radioactive waste, etc. One of the critical requirements in shipping cask analysis is the necessity to withstand severe impact environments. It is still conventional to develop the design and to verify the design requirements by hand calculations. Full three dimensional ...