A 60-year-old laboratory technician developed pulmonary infiltrates consistent with chemical pneumonitis following accidental exposure to a mixture of hydrogen bromide and phosphorus tribromide. A protracted clinical course ensued consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans. These problems may have been avoided if the potential for ...

Accidental exposure to hot water steam is a potential risk in the French Navy, and particularly on nuclear submarines or ships. Direct human exposure to this extreme environment during an accident leads to death in a short time. In order to protect the cr...

... Analysis for plasma protein biomarkers following an accidental human exposure to sulfur mustard ... Accidental Human Exposure to Sulfur Mustard ...

This book the effects of human exposure to dioxins and documents the measures taken to remove these poisons from the environment and ensure the management of future accidental contaminations.

To asses the risks of the applications of ionizing radiation in technology, diagnostic radiology and cancer therapy, information should be collected on the late effects of accidental or planned exposures. For this purpose, a number of European laboratorie...

Among various biological dosimetry techniques, dicentric chromosome aberration method appears to be the method of choice in analysing accidental radiation exposure in most of the laboratories. The major advantage of this method is its sensitivity as the n...

This report of an accidental exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a microbiological laboratory illustrates the value of gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assay using peptides of ESAT-6, CFP-10, TB37.6, and TB7.7 for the diagnosis of latent infection. In particular, positive responses to peptides 2 to 6 of TB37.6 were ...

The report presents a mathematical model for the purpose of predicting the fraction of human population which would die within 1 year of an accidental exposure to airborne radionuclides. The model is based on data from laboratory experiments with rats, do...

March 1, 1984, was the 30th anniversary of the Bravo thermonuclear test that resulted in the accidental exposure of the populations of Rongelap and Utirik atolls to radioactive fallout. The chronicling of the medical events resulting from that exposure is continued in this report, which covers the period from January 1983 through ...

The damage to 13 workers following accidental exposures was assessed from lymphocyte chromosomal aberrations, and the results compared with those supplied by physical dosimetry and the clinical syndromes. (FR)

The interpretation of binassay data in terms of the quantity of radioisotopes in the body is dependent upon the knowledge of the excretion rate of the substance by the human following acute adinistration. Other cases including chronic uptake and lung deposition may be evaluated from the acute case if other physical parameters are known. At the present time, one function of the bioassay ...

A general model is presented for evaluating the accidental risk of radiological exposure to the population from a boiling water reactor, where accidental risk is defined as the sum of the products of the probabilities and the consequences for all conceiva...

This report describes health and safety concerns associated with the Mixed and Low-level Waste Treatment Facility at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Various hazards are described such as fire, electrical, explosions, reactivity, temperature, and radiation hazards, as well as the potential for accidental spills, exposure to ...

... WEAPONS AND THOSE EXPOSED TO CHEMICAL WARFARE (CW) AGENTS. ... AND ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURES TO CHEMICALS USED IN ...

A mathematical model was constructed for the purpose of predicting the fraction of human population which would die within 1 year of an accidental exposure to airborne radionuclides. The model is based on data from laboratory experiments with rats, dogs and baboons, and from human epidemiological data. Doses from external, whole-body ...

The delayed health effects from accidental exposure to bromine vapors in a group of six people were evaluated. During the acute exposure, they had only some respiratory symptoms and skin burns of first to second degree involving small areas. All were treated in one hospital and released within 1-4 d. Six to 8 wk later, some still had ...

The report presents a mathematical model for the purpose of predicting the fraction of human population which would die within 1 year of an accidental exposure to airborne radionuclides. The model is based on data from laboratory experiments with rats, dogs and baboons, and from human epidemiological data. Doses from external, ...

... exposure levels for microwave irradiation is important since new, more powerful emitters are developed and the potential for accidental exposure is ...

The goal of this research effort was to demonstrate a capability for analyzing emergency response issues resulting from accidental or mediated airborne toxic releases in an urban setting. In the first year of the program, the authors linked a system of fluid dynamics, plume dispersion, and vehicle transportation models developed at Los Alamos National ...

Mammalian radiobiology is reviewed as it is applicabel to man from the standpoint of military applications. The primary sources of the information summarized include the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission evaluation of results of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, evaluation of results of the accidental exposure of the Marshallese during Operation Castle, ...

The ever-increasing world inventory of tritium mandates improvement of handling procedures to prevent accidental releases and/or personnel exposures. Tritium releases to the environment can arise from several sources: tritium production; nuclear weapons t...

Much of the information on the health effects of radiation exposure available to date comes from long-term studies of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Accidental exposures, such as those resulting from the Chernobyl and Kyshtym accidents, have as yet provided little information concerning health effects of ionizing ...

Much of the information on the health effects of radiation exposure available to date comes from long-term studies of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Accidental exposures, such as those resulting from the Chernobyl and Kyshtym accidents, have as yet provided little information concerning health effects of ionizing ...

This report describes health and safety concerns associated with the Mixed and Low-level Waste Treatment Facility at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Various hazards are described such as fire, electrical, explosions, reactivity, temperature, and radiation hazards, as well as the potential for accidental spills, exposure to ...

The recent expansion of biocontainment laboratory capacity in the United States has drawn attention to the possibility of occupational exposures to BSL-3 and -4 agents and has prompted a reassessment of medical management procedures and facilities to deal with these contingencies. A workshop hosted by the National Interagency Biodefense Campus was held in ...

The recent expansion of biocontainment laboratory capacity in the United States has drawn attention to the possibility of occupational exposures to BSL-3 and -4 agents and has prompted a reassessment of medical management procedures and facilities to deal with these contingencies. A workshop hosted by the National Interagency Biodefense Campus was held in ...

The ubiquitous use of sodium azide has resulted in widespread occupational exposure to it in both laboratory and industrial settings, despite a lack of knowledge of the risks which may be involved. Explosive, toxic, and mutagenic hazards have been shown at even low-dose exposures. These effects occur in many species, from cellular ...

The methodology for analysis of exposures to mixtures of materials accidentally released from DOE facilities was approved by SCAPA in April 1996. An action item from that meeting was to provide examples as to how this methodology would be applied to speci...

Following an accidental human exposure to a vesicating agent, plasma samples were analyzed for specific biomarkers of sulfur mustard. One individual suffered chemical burns over 6.5% of the body surface area and required hospitalization; the second indivi...

... Abstract : This report is a summary of the USAF Air Force experience in the realm of accidental overexposures to radiofrequency radiation (RFR). ...

The number of emergency responses to accidental, acute exposure. e. The number of hazard-control measures initiated. ...

... Primary hazards to personnel working with these agents may include accidental autoinoculation, ingestion, and skin or mucus membrane exposure ...

... permanently disabling toxic substance, and new field trials to study prussian blue's efficacy after an accidental or hostile exposure to cesium-137 or thallium ...

... Title : Functional Assessment of Laser Irradiation. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ... Implications for accidental human exposures are presented. (Author). ...

... The potential for occupational or accidental skin exposure to chemicals requires a full understanding of chemical absorption through the skin. ...

... Antimicrobials in the Management of Post-Irradiation Infection ... The threat of accidental or hostile exposure to ionizing irradiation is of great concern. ...

Accidental ingestion of sodium azide in 0-1% solution by a patient and a laboratory technician in a haematological laboratory has demonstrated that very small quantities of sodium azide can give rise to toxic symptoms and that Isoton should be handled with care.

Accidental aerosols can be produced by many laboratory operations. If the dispersed material contains infectious particles (including virus DNA), workers can become infected, and this event is not only a health problem but it can be a legal problem. The i...

No OSHA or other occupational health exposure limit has been established. Accidental needle stick or open wound exposure to rhIL-12 could potentially cause serious adverse health effects.

... of proposed and existing radio-frequency (RF) radiation standards on ... of RF energy, long-term exposure, accidental exposure, epidemiological ...

Various smokes and obscurants have been analyzed and defined chemically in support of inhalation toxicology studies designed to evaluate the risk associated with passive or accidental troop exposure. The chemical characterization is to identify constituents useful for monitoring the exposure environment to assure a compositionally ...

A 32 year old male research physician accidentally received a minor wound from a needle which had been previously used on rabbit tissue. Within 15 minutes serious anaphylactic reactions started and he was taken to hospital where his condition stabilised within five hours. Serum immunoglobulin E antibodies to rabbit epithelium were high (16.2 U/ml), although other antibody ...

The main plant area at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) contains 12 buried Gunite tanks that were used for the storage and transfer of liquid radioactive waste. Although the tanks are no longer in use, they are known to contain some residual contaminated sludges and liquids. In the event of an accidental tank dome failure, however unlikely, the ...

The case histories of five patients accidentally exposed to anticholinesterase compounds (sarin or soman) are presented. The circulating cholinesterase of one patient severely exposed to soman was refractory to oxime reactivation; this patient also had ps...

This report presents an historical account of the experiences of the Brookhaven Medical team in the examination and treatment of the Marshallese people following their accidental exposure to radioactive fallout in 1954. This is the first time that a popul...

This paper deals with the handling of accidental, acute or protracted, whole-body overexposures. It is complementary to the report DPS 86/07 SEAPS previously published. The criteria for initial classification, as a function of the mean absorbed dose, the ...

Seven different methods were used to estimate the dose rate to a female worker who was accidentally exposed in the neutron PHOENIX beamline at the IPNS. Theoretical and measured entrance dose ranged from 550 mrem/min to 2850 mrem/min. Theoretical estimate...

...only and not for use in food-producing animals. Users with cardiovascular disease (for example, hypertension or ischemic heart disease) should take special precautions to avoid accidental exposure to this product. Accidental spillage on the...

In 1999, the Ulysses spacecraft accidentally discovered that comet Hyakutake's tail ... Comets are nomadic bodies of ice, rock and organic and inorganic volatile ...

Legal entanglements prevent publication of details on most laboratory and industrial laser accidents in the USA. Many macular injuries involving the fovea show no signs of recovery after several years. Both single eye (usually the dominant one) and binocular exposures are found usually resulting in large deficits in visual performance. The primary lesion ...

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor arising from endothelial cells of blood vessels or lymphatic channels. Therapeutic irradiation, thoriumdioxide administration, pyothorax, and polyvinyl chloride exposure have been shown to be predisposing factors for developing angiosarcoma. Accidental radiation exposure has not been associated ...

Ocular injuries resulting from exposure to laser beams are relatively uncommon since there is normally a low probability of a relatively small-diameter laser beam entering the pupil of an eye. This has been the accident experience to date with lasers used in the research laboratory and in industry. A review of the accident data suggests that at least one ...

Cadmium is a highly toxic element that is cumulative and has a long biological half-life in mammals. The severe toxicity of cadmium in man has been known for more than 100 years. Despite the knowledge that cadmium is toxic, only 20 human cases of poisoning via ingestion were recorded prior to 1941, whereas in the ensuing five-year period more than 680 cases of cadmium poisonings from ...

Cadmium is a highly toxic element that is cumulative and has a long biological half-life in mammals. The severe toxicity of cadmium in man has been known for more than 100 years. Despite the knowledge that cadmium is toxic, only 20 human cases of poisoning via ingestion were recorded prior to 1941, whereas in the ensuing five-year period more than 680 cases of cadmium poisonings from ...

A laboratory challenge model was developed to evaluate the effects of a natural M. cerebralis exposure on the susceptibility ... ...

... Title : A MEANS OF MONITORING LABORATORY EXPOSURES TO INTENSE THERMAL RADIATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ...

Sandia Laboratories has put into operation a new facility, the Tritium Research Laboratory. The laboratory incorporates containment and cleanup facilities such that any tritium accidentally released is captured rather than vented to the atmosphere. This c...

Sandia Laboratories, Livermore, is constructing a new facility, the Tritium Research Laboratory, that incorporates containment and cleanup facilities which hold any tritium that is accidentally released rather than allow the material to be vented to the a...

The paper presents four cases of post-accidental contamination with iodine (131)I, registered in the Radiation Protection Measurements Laboratory (LPD) of the Institute of Atomic Energy POLATOM. Two cases were registered during routine monitoring of internal exposures carried out at LPD laboratory, one case ...

Recommendations and mandatory guidelines for preventing and managing needlestick incidents and other accidental exposures to bloodborne pathogens in healthcare facilities have been published by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for more than 2 decades. Over the years, the ...

There is a crucial shortage of methods capable of determining the extent of accidental exposures of human beings to ionizing radiation. However, knowledge of individual exposures is essential for early triage during radiological incidents to provide optim...

Crotalid venom exposure to the eye is uncommon. A 40-year-old woman sustained an accidental mucus membrane exposure of rattlesnake venom to her face and right eye. She was successfully treated with irrigation, topical antibiotics, and intravenous crotalid antivenin. PMID:18403167

The mathematical basis is presented for computation of the expected number of stochastic somatic fatalities as a consequence of radiation exposure for relevant exposure pathways in the aftermath of a nuclear accident. On the basis of these fundamentals, e...

Protection of uranium mill workers from occupational exposure to uranium through routine bioassay programs and the assessment of accidental worker exposures are addressed. Comparisons of chemical properties and the biological behavior of refine uranium or...

Ozone can be found in essentially all locations in the troposphere. Too much exposure of vegetation and humans to this potent oxidizing gas can prove toxic. Reports of human toxicity to ozone first appeared in the 1800's from accidental occupational exposures when ozone was fir...

Ammonia (NH₃) is a highly water-soluble, colorless, irritant gas with a unique pungent odor. Liquid ammonia stored under high pressure is still widely used for refrigeration in cold stores used for storing grains. Severe toxicity may occur following accidental exposure. We report an interesting case of accidental ...

... Although there are numerous published works investigating the progression of toxic signs elicited by sarin (GB) exposures, both by accidental ...

This presentation detail information on current and proposed standards, recommendations, and guidances for limiting routine and accidental radiation exposures of the public. It also reviews certain laws and regulations intended primarily for limiting expo...

... Loss of foveal vision from disease or accidental exposure to bright light seriously impairs visual functions like reading and visual search. ...

... Abstract : Loss of central visual field, or foveal scotoma, due to accidental exposure to laser light or macular disease can cause serious impairments ...

... who evaluated risks to the crew in case of accidental exposure; the NASA animal care and use panel, who evaluated impacts of their use on animal welfare ...

ISO and IAEA, the goal of the new symbol is "to help reduce needless deaths and serious injuries from accidental exposure to large radioactive sources." The new symbol is...

This is a comprehensive review and analysis of biokinetic and dosimetric information for those radionuclides most likely to be involved in accidental exposures to workers or members of the public or used in radiological terrorism.

... THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT 17. Indoor air quality - radon 18. ... Exposure to radiation (other than radon) 21. Accidental chemical releases ...

This revised book covers over 19,000 industrial and lab materials - synonyms; NIOSH, CAS numbers; how to handle accidental exposure.

The number of emergency responses to accidental, acute exposure. e. The number of hazard-control measures initiated. f. Reduction in the number of ...

... Problem Loss of foveal vision from disease or accidental exposure to bright light seriously impairs visual functions like reading and visual search. ...

... Abstract : Loss of the central visual field, or foveal scotoma, due to accidental exposure to laser light or macular disease can cause serious ...

Accidental exposure to the blood of hepatitis B patients produced less fear than does accidental exposure today to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), even though both have an approximately equal overall risk of death (approximately 1%). Subjects responding to hypothetical insect-exposure ...

Accidental exposure to hot water steam is a potential risk in the French Navy, and particularly on nuclear submarines or ships. Direct human exposure to this extreme environment during an accident leads to death in a short time. In order to protect the crew members of the French Navy, a laboratory was created at ...

The primary object of this project is to conduct confirmatory research on the sources, biological fate, and predicted health consequences of airborne radioactivity which may be released in normal operations or under accident conditions in the nuclear fuel cycle. Research activities include: assessment of the relative potential hazard of various industrial operations based on existing data from ...

In response to a request from the State of Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Jacksonville, Florida, an evaluation was made of working conditions at public health laboratories to investigate outbreaks of red rashes, dryness, and chapping of skin among employees. Exposure to the oxidase reagents used in the preliminary identification ...

The NRC is considering a possible rulemaking that would require certain nuclear materials licensees to demonstrate financial ability to clean up accidental releases of radioactive materials. The rulemaking would potentially affect approximately 16,350 NRC and Agreement State licensees. This report was prepared for NRC by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory to ...

In February 1975, 59,000 gal of diesel fuel No. 2 were accidentally released from a storage tank at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), Livermore, California, a Department of Energy facility. Over succeeding years, the fuel migrated downward. The present study was intended (1) to delineate the current threat to groundwater quality and (2) to provide a ...

In February 1975, 59,000 gal of diesel fuel No. 2 were accidentally released from a storage tank at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), Livermore, California, a Department of Energy facility. Over succeeding years, the fuel migrated downward. The present study was intended (1) to delineate the current threat to groundwater quality and (2) to provide a ...

Studies of children indicate that exposure of the general population to low levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) does not result in any clinical evidence of disease, although accidental exposure to high levels either before or after birth have led to a number of developmental deficits. Breast-fed ...

... (2) BM Dobratz, Properties of Chemical Explosives and Explosive Simulants, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, UCRL-5299 ...

Developments and accomplishments at Sandia Laoratories in three diverse areas are described in a popular fashion. The Tritium Research Laboratory uses modern methods of dual containment to protect against accidental release of tritium. A newly developed t...

This paper describes a program of mutual cooperation between a defense contractor and the line and medical service of the USAF in controlling potential exposures to hydrazine as it is used on the F-16 aircraft. The early involvement of USAF industrial hygienists in the evaluation of exposures to hydrazine during various maintenance activities is described. ...

The estimation of radiation dose to man from either external or internal exposure to radionuclides requires a knowledge of the energies and intensities of the atomic and nuclear radiations emitted during the radioactive decay process. The availability of evaluated decay data for the large number of radionuclides of interest is thus of fundamental importance for radiation ...

Accidental spillage of 37,900 l of 100% phenol (carbolic acid) in July 1974 caused chemical contamination of wells in a rural area of southern Wisconsin. Human illness characterized by diarrhea, mouth sores, dark urine, and burning of the mouth was subsequently reported by seventeen individuals who consumed the contaminated water; their estimated intake of phenol was 10 to 240 ...

The patients exposed to irradiation in the Y-12 accident were studied and followed at the ORINS Medical Division Hospital. The five patients with the higher dose levels were kept in the hospital for several weeks following exposure. Epilation began on the seventeenth day. Minimal clinical signs of a hemorrhagic tendency were seen around the twenty-fifth to thirtieth ...

Over the course of fifty-three years, LLNL had six acute releases of tritiated hydrogen gas (HT) and one acute release of tritiated water vapor (HTO) that were too large relative to the annual releases to be included as part of the annual releases from normal operations detailed in Parts 3 and 4 of the Tritium Dose Reconstruction (TDR). Sandia National Laboratories/California ...

The post-exposure hepatitis study was designed to determine whether the anti-HBs titer of immune serum globulin would be paralleled by relative effectiveness in prophylaxis of hepatitis B among medical personnel accidentally exposed to serum believed to b...

The Post-Exposure Hepatitis Study has completed two years of work (July 1972-July 1974) to determine the extent to which medical personnel accidentally exposed to hepatitis-infective serum could be protected by administration of gamma globulin preparation...

A case of acute radiation syndrome due to, accidental exposure to Co/sup 60/ is presented. Based on physical considerations, the dose received was estimated to be between 250 to 300 r. The clinical picture corresponded closely to that of the hematologic form of acute radiation syndrome. The patient was hospitalized in protective isolation and ...

Parasitic diseases are receiving increasing attention in developed countries in part because of their importance in travelers, immigrants, and immunocompromised persons. The main purpose of this review is to educate laboratorians, the primary readership, and health care workers, the secondary readership, about the potential hazards of handling specimens that contain viable parasites and about the ...

The increased incidence of thyroid nodularity and carcinoma appearing as a late effect after exposure of the human thyroid to ionizing radiation is well-recognized. Despite the high prevalence of thyroid nodularity in Marshallese inadvertently exposed to ...

This work define procedures and controls about ionizing radiations. Between some definitions it found the following topics: radiation dose, risk, biological effects, international radioprotection bodies, workers exposure, accidental exposure, emergencies ...

Two pituitary tumors were diagnosed in a small population of Marshallese accidentally exposed to radioactive fallout in 1954. Endocrinologic findings in the exposed population, are reported and the possible relation of the tumors to radiation exposure and thyroid disease is discussed.

Normal tissue response and injury after exposure to ionizing radiation are of great importance to patients with cancer, populations potentially subjected to military, accidental or intentional exposure, and workers in the nuclear power industry.

Since monomethylhydrazine (MMH) injected i.v. produces severe methemoglobinemia in anesthetized dogs, but not in rats, rabbits, or guinea pigs, the question arose whether, in case of accidental exposure of man to MMH, the blood methemoglobin level could p...

Chromosome aberration frequency provides the most reliable biological marker of dose for detecting acute accidental radiation exposure. Significant radiation-induced changes in the frequency of chromosome aberrations can be detected at very low doses. Our...

An attempt is made to identify the inhalation hazards associated with the over-exposure of workers and of the general public, following an accidental release of uranium hexafluoride. Maximum emergency concentrations are recommended for periods of 10, 30, ...

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a common problem encountered in a wide variety of settings, including both suicide attempts and accidental exposures. Fatal CO exposure occurred in two wound, healthy mountain climbers who succumbed to fumes generated by ...

Industrial radiography using the man-made radioisotope iridium 192 is commonplace in the southern states. Despite established procedures and safeguards, accidental exposure may result in typical acute radiodermatitis. We have presented a clinical example of this phenomenon.9 references.

It is known from experimental studies that antigenic potency and the concentration of antigen determine whether exposure to an antigen will result in sensitization. A single accidental exposure to concentrated antigen may therefore induce primary sensitization. The purpose of this report was to collect clinical cases in which a single ...

This report describes the Offsite Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program (OREMP) conducted during 1997 by the US Environmental Protection Agency`s (EPAs), Radiation and Indoor Environments National Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. This laboratory operated an environmental radiation monitoring program in the region surrounding the Nevada Test Site ...

The computer simulation code EFFECTS is coupled with the radionuclide uptake and environmental transport strategies of the BIOTRAN code to predict cancer risks and deaths in a dynamic human population. Total mortalities due to all causes are incorporated with projected radiation-induced cancer mortalities caused by all previous chronic or acute radiation exposures of the ...

We recently described a Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV)-specific human monoclonal antibody (MAb), F5 nIgG, that recognizes a new neutralization epitope on the VEEV E2 envelope glycoprotein. In this study, we investigated the ability of F5 nIgG given prophylactically or therapeutically to protect mice from subcutaneous or aerosolized VEEV infection. F5 nIgG had potent ability to protect ...

Monitoring the plutonium and americium particle emissions from soils contaminated during atmospheric nuclear testing or due to accidental releases is important for several reasons. First, it is important to quantify the extent of potential human exposure from inhalation of alpha-emitting particles, which is the major exposure pathway ...

Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds are primary examples of persistent organic pollutants that induce toxicity in both wildlife and humans. Over the past 200 years these compounds have been almost exclusively generated by human activity and have left a string of disasters in the wake of their accidental release. Most recently, the contamination of the Irish pork supply with ...