... Accidental seawater immersion of a NERVA/ROVER type core would result in a criticality excursion, releasing fission product radionuclides to the ...

Accidental seawater immersion of a NERVA/ROVER type core would result in a criticality excursion, releasing fission product radionuclides to the environment. In order to simulate the excursion situation and to study the resulting radionuclide release, spe...

form of acute radiation syn- drome). The second stage began when he arrived in the emergency room abdominal cramps and occasionally retched and vomited, he seemed consid- erably improved overall. He. 1961. Acute radiation death resulting from an accidental nuclear critical excursion. Journal

A normalized form of the point kinetics equations, a prompt jump approximation, and the Nordheim-Fuchs model are used to model nuclear systems. Reactivity feedback mechanisms considered include volumetric expansion, thermal neutron temperature effect, Doppler effect and void formation. A sample problem of an excursion occurring in a plutonium solution ...

On Saturday morning, April 7, 1962, at about 1059 Armed Forces time, an accidental nuclear excursion occurred in the plutonium waste recovery facility (Recuplex) of the 234-5 Building. This excursion did not result in any mechanical damage or spread of contamination. Three employees of the General Electric Company ...

... Title : Accidental Coincidences in the Electron Spectrometer ... Descriptors : (*NUCLEAR RADIATION SPECTROMETERS, SPACEBORNE), (*SPACE ...

The April 7, 1962 criticality accident involving human exposures was the first to have occurred in any production facility at Hanford. The accidental nuclear excursion did not result in any mechanical damage or spread of contamination. Three employees received over-exposure to gamma and neutron radiation. None were fatally exposed and ...

There is a need for computer simulation of hypothetical criticality excursions involving significant quantities of fissionable materials, especially in fissile aqueous system. The need arises due to the requirements for the emergency planning of facilitie...

... testing of a typical pneumatic ystem capable of operating under wide temperature excursions while in the presence of nuclear radiation continued. ...

... Title : The Probability of Accidental Nuclear War: A Graphical Model of the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System. Descriptive Note : Master's thesis,. ...

An accidental critical excursion took place in the plutonium recovery plant of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory on Dec. 30, 1958. The average whole-body dose in the lethal caee wse estimated at between 3900 and 4900 rads, with the incident dose to the upper abdomen calculated to be approximately 12000 rads of neutrons plus gamma radiation. ...

Since the reactor is not radioactive until after operation, there is no hazard associated with reactor assembly, checkout, and handling unless an accident occurs. With careful planning and the use of straightforward countermeasures, the probability of an excursion can be made exceedingly small. Other simple measures such as enforced exclusion areas can be employed, ...

A review is presented on the power excursion experiments SPERT. KEWB, BORAX, and TRIGA. Reference is also made to theoretical explanations of data

... Accidental release from a nuclear reactor or a nuclear weapons plant A lot of radiation over a short period can cause burns or ...

An analytical model was developed and applied to a hypothetical criticality excursion in a freezer/sublimer of UF{sub 6}. Gaseous diffusion plants store UF{sub 6}. Neutronic calculations have shown that a critical configuration can occur if water accidentally enters the system, although the possibility of this ocurrence is highly unlikely.

Among the many known types of vapor-liquid flow instability is the excursion which may occur in heated parallel channels. Under certain conditions, the pressure drop requirement in a heated channel may increase with decreases in flow rate. This leads to an excursive reduction in flow. For channels heated by electricity or nuclear ...

An accidental release of radioactivity to the atmosphere from a nuclear power reactor demands rapid response to protect the health and safety of people in the vicinity. Techniques one may utilize to estimate, in real time, the environmental impact and the...

Pakistan Research Reactor (PARR-1) has many operational safety features against any accidental failure of its control system. Nevertheless the risk, how-so-ever remote, of any accidental excursion that may lead to the release of radioactive material from ...

An accidental burst of radiation occurred at the laboratory on 1 February 1951 during remote control operation of a critical experiment. There was no personnel hazard. Normal operations were resumed within 24 hr, and the active material involved in the burst returned to service within three weeks. An unforeseen brief excursion into the prompt ...

An analysis is performed to investigate the merits of using the TOPAZ-II safety drums for a backup control to prevent a reactivity excursion, stabilize the reactor, and achieve steady-state power operation, following a severe hypothetical reactivity initiated accident (RIA). Such an RIA is assumed to occur during the system start-up in orbit due to a malfunction of the drive ...

Work was carried out to obtain significant data on reactor excursions, in particular the SL-1 excursion, to extend the analysis of reactor transient behavior so as to obtain an improved understanding of the thermal and mechanical processes that take place during and following a reactor excursion, and to obtain chemical, ...

This paper summarizes excursions (uncontrolled movement of lixiviant beyond the ore zone) based on case histories of 8 in situ uranium mines (7 in Wyoming and 1 in Texas). These case histories were compiled from data provided by the US Nuclear Regulatory ...

... Models for Nuclear Power Plant Accident Consequence ... and quantify the potential health effects of accidental ... from nuclear power plants have been ...

Estimation of the risks of accidental radioactive releases is necessary in assessing the safety of any nuclear waste management system. The case of a radioactive waste form enclosed in a barrier system is considered. Two test calculations were carried out. (DLC)

Evacuation of the population in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant following an accidental release of radioactivity into the atmosphere, is one of the protective means which might reduce the radiation doses and radiological effects caused to the popula...

... is to study nuclear fuel behaviour under normal and accidental operating conditions, by means of instrumented irradiation experiments followed by ...

... to take measures to safeguard the security ... and full and redundant safeguards against accidental ... system for controlling and safeguarding its nuclear ...

... for accidental release of large quantities of toxic chemicals and also recovery operations for accidents involving nuclear-powered space devices. ...

... covertly to contaminate food and water ... by incinerating or entombing potential contamination. ... accidental, unauthorized, or deliberate) with funding ...

Hoja informativa acerca de los riesgos del cáncer asociados con accidentes en plantas nucleares de electricidad. Incluye información para pacientes con cáncer que viven en una zona que puede haber sido afectada por un accidente en una planta nuclear.

The Solution High-Energy Burst Assembly (SHEBA) was originally constructed during 1980 and was designed to be a clean free-field geometry, right-circular, cylindrically symmetric critical assembly employing U(5%)O{sub 2}F{sub 2} solution as fuel. A second version of SHEBA, employing the same fuel but equipped with a fuel pump and shielding pit, was commissioned in 1993. This report includes data ...

The Solution High Energy Burst Assembly (SHEBA) is a critical assembly fueled with a solution of 5% enriched Uranyl Fluoride, U(5%)O{sub 2}F{sub 2}. The fuel is stored in critically safe storage containers and then pumped into the ``Critical Assembly Vessel`` where the solution becomes critical. The system was designed to achieve criticality in a cylindrically symmetric configuration. The SHEBA ...

Solutions of fissile materials are often encountered during spent-fuel reprocessing. To estimate the hazards from accidental criticalities in these solutions, models have been developed to understand better the dynamics involved. Accurate representation of reactivity feedback mechanisms is a crucial part of such models. Reactivity feedback from uniform volumetric solution ...

Since the discovery of fission, the notion of a chain reaction in a critical mass releasing massive amounts of energy has haunted physicists. The possibility of a bomb or a reactor prompted much of the early work on determining a critical mass, but the need to avoid an accidental critical excursion during processing or transport of fissile material drove ...

All accidental criticality excursions are accompanied by neutron and gamma radiation that creates two possible types of radiation risk: (1) immediate risk for the personnel directly exposed; and (2) deferred risk in the case where an intervention team is required in the postaccident phase. These aspects, or more specifically dose measurement and the ...

Criticality and the average reactor coolant temperature of the Shippingport Atomic Power Station's nuclear reactor is controlled by hafnium control rods. Continuous withdrawal of the control rods, due to equipment malfunction or operator error. can be a potential danger to the reactor core. The reactor protection system provides automatic shutdown of the ...

at Milan CUORE page at Como CUORE page at Rome LNGS Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso INFN Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare CUORE at Berkeley, copyright 2011. For...

A method used in the nuclear industry to study plant running in an accidental situation with the help of a training simulator is presented. A description is given of the working situation studied, the test methods and the processing. Mention is made of su...

An analysis is performed to investigate the merits of using the TOPAZ-II safety drums for a backup control to prevent a reactivity excursion, stabilize the reactor, and achieve steady-state power operation, following a severe hypothetical reactivity initiated accident (RIA). Such an RIA is assumed to occur during the system start-up in orbit due to a malfunction of the drive ...

This paper reports on the development of the hypothesis of a nuclear dynamo for a controlled nuclear fusion reactor. This dynamo hypothesis suggests properties for a nuclear tornado that could annihilate nations if accidentally triggered by a single high yield to weight nuclear weapon ...

This book examines effects of two kinds of nuclear disasters (accidental release from a nuclear facility and nuclear attack) on buildings and urban environments. The report is drawn from worldwide sources, and uses such cases as Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, Windscale, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and US weapons tests to ...

Under certain conditions, wether accidental or in nuclear reactor design, a nuclear reactor core may be found to be refrigerated by a fluid in natural circulation. Before the possible density waves phenomenon occurrence, it is essential to have a good kno...

A system of dosimetry for persons involved in accidental criticality excursions is presented as part A of a two part report. The information is arranged to be useful as a reference for those responsible for implementing the system. Part A also contains a review and re-evaluation of the dosimetry of previous accidents and a synopsis of part B. ...

Health physics studies are described which were used to estimate area radiation levels from an accidental critical excursion in a Pu processing plant. It is pointed out that the principal health hazard in this area was considered to be alpha radiation from Pu and monitoring personnel assigned to the building were primarily concerned with ...

From joint meeting of the American Nuclear Society and the Atomic Industrial Forum and Nuclear Energy Exhibition; San Francisco, California, USA (11 Nov 1973). See CONF-731101-.

A method was devised, based on fuel element temperature distributions, far estimating the chemical reaction which might result from a very rapid nuclear reactor transieni. (auth)

An accident analysis has been performed for the nuclear criticality safety class (NCSC) foil experiment. The Los Alamos Critical Experiments Facility (LACEF) performs this experiment regularly during its 2-, 3-, and 5-day nuclear criticality safety classes. This accident analysis is part of an effort to modify the NCSC foil experiment plan so that the ...

...including activities certified by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission under section...Activities conducted under the Nuclear Explosives and Weapons Surety Program relating to the...of accidental or unauthorized nuclear detonations; (4)...

10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Reports of accidental criticality or loss of special nuclear material. 72.74 Section 72.74 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) LICENSING...

This paper discusses ground- and space-based strategic defenses; tactical missile defenses; missile proliferation; accidental nuclear release; implications for arms control.

Results are discussed from a method of determining the transient blast loading on a containment shell during a simulated reactor core excursion. Three methods of energy release were studiedi suddenly releasing nitrogen gas at high static pressure; igniting a confined propellant; and detonating an explosive in an air-or water-filled simulated reactor core vessel. ...

This paper summarizes excursions (uncontrolled movement of lixiviant beyond the ore zone) based on case histories of 8 in situ uranium mines (7 in Wyoming and 1 in Texas). These case histories were compiled from data provided by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, and the Texas Department of Water ...

The coolant flow in a nuclear reactor core under normal operating conditions is kept as a subcooled liquid. This coolant is evenly distributed throughout the multiple flow channels with a uniform pressure profile across each coolant flow channel. If the coolant flow is reduced, the flow through individual channels will also decrease. A decrease in coolant flow will result in ...

The coolant flow in a nuclear reactor core under normal operating conditions is kept as a subcooled liquid. This coolant is evenly distributed throughout the multiple flow channels with a uniform pressure profile across each coolant flow channel. If the coolant flow is reduced, the flow through individual channels will also decrease. A decrease in coolant flow will result in ...

Nuclear generating stations have historically been susceptible to transmission system voltage excursions. When nuclear plants trip due to voltage excursions, the resulting loss of real and reactive power support can make grid events worse. New standards are being prepared which may help to improve ...

Experience with the SHEBA solution critical assembly during validation testing of accidental criticality alarm detectors provided several insights into the character of potential accidental excursions. Two observations were of particular interest. First, it is nearly impossible to maintain a solution system, particularly one employing ...

BS>A few topics which affect the handling of an accidental radioactivity release from a nuclear power plant are discussed, such as: time available to institute emergency procedures, chemical prophylaxis, improvised respiratory protection, and dose and deposition estimation. The intent is to provide practical suggestions to supplement existing ...

Because of continued concern and need for improved neutron monitoring and surveillance around nuclear facilities and weapons, where the possibility of fission excursions exists, we are investigating several neutron-sensitive scintillators and combinations...

NEPTUNE is a multimegawatt electric propulsion system. It uses a proven compact nuclear thermal rocket, NERVA, in a closed cycle with a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator to power a magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster. This thesis defines constraints on ...

A detailed description of knowledge gained includes information on: 1. Centre for Nuclear Research, Karlsruhe, 2. Nuclear power plant in Bugey, 3. Nuclear power plant in Goesgen, 4. Experience with and results of the introduction of the probability estima...

A program of systematic safety analysis of old nuclear power plants has been engaged by French safety authorities. Beyond the reshaping of safety documents (safety reports, general rules of operation, incidental and accidental procedures, internal emergen...

The study examines the accidental interference of a teleseism from an earthquake with the seismic signals from an underground nuclear explosion by presenting a compilation of seismograms from thirty-two near-regional stations associated with the explosion...

Arms control purposes include strengthening the framework of deterrence and reducing the threat of the use of nuclear weapons, reducing the dangers of attack and accidental nuclear war, and allowing more resources for the civilian economy. The paper brief...

This report provides a set of scoping calculations for projected dose probability distributions resulting from postulated accidents at the Calvert Cliffs nuclear power plant. Accident dose descriptions were developed for the state of Maryland power plant ...

Studies carried out by the organizations commissioned to ensure nuclear safety, more particularly the Departement de Surete Nucleaire du Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, principally dealt with the behaviour of aerosols inside the reactor containment bui...

This guide describes procedures acceptable to the NRC staff for preventing accidental criticality in operations with fissionable materials outside reactors and validating calculational methods used in assessing nuclear criticality safety.

Numerous atmospheric dispersion models have been developed for use in the nuclear industry. Such models are used to determine relative concentrations of airborne radionuclides at various locations as a result of routine or accidental releases from nuclear...

A software package intended for the assessments of risks resulting from accidental release of radioactive materials from a nuclear power plant is presented. The models and the various programs based on them, are described. The work includes detailed opera...

For safety evaluation of seismic category I nuclear structures, probabilistic characteristics of the actual loads acting on the structures are needed. A study was conducted to determine the probabilistic characteristics of the operational and accidental l...

Noise and vibration analysis appears to be a valuable tool for non-destructive nuclear reactor condition monitoring. It enables early fault detection and gives the opportunity to avoid abnormal operation and accidental situations. To make the efficient an...

Nuclear war or accidental non-hostile nuclear explosion would obviously rank among the greatest disasters to affect mankind. In addition to massive numbers of casualties, depending on the circumstances, our ability to care for these casualties might also ...

The purpose of present study is to establish the basis for evaluating system availability and potential accidents of nuclear power plants, and to perform probabilistic safety assessment reflecting localized parameters. The State-of-the-Art and their persp...

The report considers the threat posed by the accidental release of radionuclides from a nuclear power plant. It establishes relationships between radiation dose and the cost of evacuation under a wide variety of conditions. The report develops cost/dose r...

A critical study about the technical and man-related facts in order to establish what is considered the worst commercial nuclear power accident until 1986. Radiological consequences and stress to the public are considered in contrast to antinuclear groups...

Nuclear radiation was discovered in the late 1800s. Advances in nuclear physics split the atom to herald the atomic age soon afterward. Now, a century later, health care providers remain acutely aware that nuclear hazards may present instantly and unexpectedly, with devastating and massive results. This article highlights known ...

The National Spent Nuclear Fuel Program (NSNFP) has pursued a number of structural testing projects that are intended to provide data that can be used to substantiate the position that U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) canisters, made from austenitic stainless steels, can maintain containment after an accidental ...

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor arising from endothelial cells of blood vessels or lymphatic channels. Therapeutic irradiation, thoriumdioxide administration, pyothorax, and polyvinyl chloride exposure have been shown to be predisposing factors for developing angiosarcoma. Accidental radiation exposure has not been associated with angiosarcoma. We present an unusual ...

This book examines the threat of nuclear war which remains between the United States and Russia after the Cold War. According to the author, Bruce Blair, this residual threat is a product of the command and control systems of both countries during the Cold War. The author points out that although the United States and Russia have good relations, there are still ...

This paper describes criticality analyses for spent nuclear fuels in a geologic repository. The analyses investigated criticality potential, criticality excursion consequences, and the probability frequency for nuclear criticality. Key findings include: expected number of fissions per excursion range from 10{sup ...

An increased attention of anthropogenic effects on the environment was observable in the last decades. As more nuclear, biological and industrial accidents occurred in the different part of the world, there is an increased demand both on the part of population and scientific society for the understanding and effective prediction of the environmental, social or economical ...

There is a need for computer simulation of hypothetical criticality excursions involving significant quantities of fissionable materials, especially in fissile aqueous system. The need arises due to the requirements for the emergency planning of facilities where the fissionable materials are handled, processed, or stored; and the regulatory requirements associated with ...

The overview of the results of development, verification and application of the methods of individual retrospective physical dosimetry among population of settlements contaminated with radionuclides, which suffered from irradiation as a result of the accident in Chernobyl NPP, and among the population located in the vicinity of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site is presented ...

Of the more than 450 underground nuclear explosives tests conducted at the Nevada Test Site from August 1963 (signing of the Limited Test Ban Treaty) through the end of 1986, only 23 accidentally released radioactivity that was detectable beyond the boundary of the NTS. Of these ...

A method for modeling the thermal behavior of a warhead section adaption kit in an accidental fire environment has been described in detail. A Control Data Corporation Model 6600 computer operating under SCOPE version 3.4.2 and utilizing the dynamic simul...

The development of a sheathed thermocouple suitable for attachment to zircaloy-clad fuel rods and for use during high temperature (2,800/sup 0/F) excursions under loss-of-coolant accident conditions is described. Development, fabrication, and testing of the thermocouples is covered in detail. In addition, the development of a process for laser welding the thermocouples to fuel ...

Possible ways of dealing at Ispra with reactor safety have led to the development of a power excursion reactor, especially suited to perform destructive testing of fuel elements. The performances could be higher than those of the similar Treat reactor. Tests on large fuel elements with low fissile material contents would be possible. (auth)

NEPTUNE is a multimegawatt electric propulsion system. It uses a proven compact nuclear thermal rocket, NERVA, in a closed cycle with a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator to power a magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster. This thesis defines constraints on an externally sourced propulsion system intended to carry out a manned Martian excursion. It assesses ...

Exploring the nature of nuclear war, this treatise examines human reaction to nuclear disaster and accidental explosions. The discussion is based on evidence of human fallibility that has emerged from the psychology of accidents and from research into decision-making in military and political contexts. The book draws on the psychology ...

The Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in April 1986 is the most serious accidental release of radioactivity ydinturvallisuustutkimus Nordisk kjernesikkerhetsforskning Nordisk k�rns�kerhetsforskning Nordic nuclear safety research potential nuclear events (e.g. reactor accident or ...

...criticality or loss of special nuclear material. 72.74 Section 72...HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE, AND REACTOR-RELATED GREATER THAN CLASS...or loss of special nuclear material. (a) Each licensee shall...any loss of special nuclear material. 1 Commercial...