Much of the information on the health effects of radiation exposure available to date comes from long-term studies of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Accidental exposures, such as those resulting from the Chernobyl and Kyshtym accidents, have as yet provided little information concerning health ...

Much of the information on the health effects of radiation exposure available to date comes from long-term studies of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Accidental exposures, such as those resulting from the Chernobyl and Kyshtym accidents, have as yet provided little information concerning health ...

... Abstract : This report is a summary of the USAF Air Force experience in the realm of accidental overexposures to radiofrequency radiation (RFR). ...

... of proposed and existing radio-frequency (RF) radiation standards on ... of RF energy, long-term exposure, accidental exposure, epidemiological ...

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor arising from endothelial cells of blood vessels or lymphatic channels. Therapeutic irradiation, thoriumdioxide administration, pyothorax, and polyvinyl chloride exposure have been shown to be predisposing factors for developing angiosarcoma. Accidental radiation exposure has ...

There is a crucial shortage of methods capable of determining the extent of accidental exposures of human beings to ionizing radiation. However, knowledge of individual exposures is essential for early triage during radiological incidents to provide optim...

The mathematical basis is presented for computation of the expected number of stochastic somatic fatalities as a consequence of radiation exposure for relevant exposure pathways in the aftermath of a nuclear accident. On the basis of these fundamentals, e...

This work define procedures and controls about ionizing radiations. Between some definitions it found the following topics: radiation dose, risk, biological effects, international radioprotection bodies, workers exposure, accidental exposure, emergencies ...

Chromosome aberration frequency provides the most reliable biological marker of dose for detecting acute accidental radiation exposure. Significant radiation-induced changes in the frequency of chromosome aberrations can be detected at very low doses. Our...

This report presents an historical account of the experiences of the Brookhaven Medical team in the examination and treatment of the Marshallese people following their accidental exposure to radioactive fallout in 1954. This is the first time that a popul...

This presentation detail information on current and proposed standards, recommendations, and guidances for limiting routine and accidental radiation exposures of the public. It also reviews certain laws and regulations intended primarily for limiting expo...

ISO and IAEA, the goal of the new symbol is "to help reduce needless deaths and serious injuries from accidental exposure to large radioactive sources." The new symbol is...

... THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT 17. Indoor air quality - radon 18. ... Exposure to radiation (other than radon) 21. Accidental chemical releases ...

A case of acute radiation syndrome due to, accidental exposure to Co/sup 60/ is presented. Based on physical considerations, the dose received was estimated to be between 250 to 300 r. The clinical picture corresponded closely to that of the hematologic form of acute radiation syndrome. The patient was ...

Two pituitary tumors were diagnosed in a small population of Marshallese accidentally exposed to radioactive fallout in 1954. Endocrinologic findings in the exposed population, are reported and the possible relation of the tumors to radiation exposure and thyroid disease is discussed.

Normal tissue response and injury after exposure to ionizing radiation are of great importance to patients with cancer, populations potentially subjected to military, accidental or intentional exposure, and workers in the nuclear power industry.

Protection of uranium mill workers from occupational exposure to uranium through routine bioassay programs and the assessment of accidental worker exposures are addressed. Comparisons of chemical properties and the biological behavior of refine uranium or...

In risk studies for plants of the nuclear industry usually the number of fatalities by radiation induced health effects are assessed. They are divided into 'early fatalities' (mortality by acute radiation syndrome) and 'late fatalities' (deaths due to leu...

The increased incidence of thyroid nodularity and carcinoma appearing as a late effect after exposure of the human thyroid to ionizing radiation is well-recognized. Despite the high prevalence of thyroid nodularity in Marshallese inadvertently exposed to ...

The rapid decontamination of accidental liquid wastes containing various radioactive nuclides is important from the standpoint of radiation exposure reduction and radiation protection. For this purpose, the development of multi-functional microcapsules wi...

The standard reviews the types of injuries resulting from accidental exposure to ionizing radiation resulting from the operation of x-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis equipment, establishes equipment design criteria, sets up requirements for appr...

of accidental cutaneous radiation exposure: fifteen years of follow-up after the Chernobyl accident. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 Sep;49(3):417-23. [PubMed Citation] Chronic...

... 4 A whole body dose of 25 rem has been stated...accidental or emergency dose for radiation workers which, according...determination of their radiation exposure status (see NBS Handbook...limit for an emergency dose to the public under...

... 2 A whole body dose of 25 rem has been stated...accidental or emergency dose for radiation workers which, according...determination of their radiation exposure status (see NBS Handbook...limit for an emergency dose to the public under...

... 10 A whole body dose of 25 rem has been stated...accidental or emergency dose for radiation workers which, according...determination of their radiation exposure status (see NBS Handbook...limit for an emergency dose to the public under...

The frequency of prior occupational, accidental, or therapeutic radiation exposure was significantly higher for hairy cell leukemia patients than for a control group of solid tumor patients. Hairy cell leukemia patients were also more frequently involved in occupations at high risk of radiation ...

... Title : Accidental Coincidences in the Electron Spectrometer ... Descriptors : (*NUCLEAR RADIATION SPECTROMETERS, SPACEBORNE), (*SPACE ...

Data on the exposure of the eyes of experimental animals to laser radiation are analyzed. A method is developed for the calculation of the maximum permissible levels of laser radiation for the accidental exposure of an eye. The maximum permissible levels are presented for a laser pulse duration ...

... Analysis for plasma protein biomarkers following an accidental human exposure to sulfur mustard ... Accidental Human Exposure to Sulfur Mustard ...

This book the effects of human exposure to dioxins and documents the measures taken to remove these poisons from the environment and ensure the management of future accidental contaminations.

Exposure to ionizing radiation in a nonmilitary emergency is likely to alarm those persons exposed and their families. Not only is the outcome uncertain, but the risks are difficult to convey. This communication discusses uncertainties in short-term outcome and long-term effects, as well as means of conveying the magnitude of risks to patients and their ...

...2011-04-01 false Reporting of accidental radiation occurrences. 1002.20 Section 1002...Manufacturers' Reports on Accidental Radiation Occurrences § 1002.20 Reporting of accidental radiation occurrences. (a)...

Topics covered in the review include: current radiation protection standards for workers; current radiation protection standards for the routine exposures of the public; environmental radiation standards for specific practices or sources; protective action guides for accidental releases of ...

Topics covered in the review include: current radiation protection standards for workers; current radiation protection standards for the routine exposures of the public; environmental radiation standards for specific practices or sources; protective action guides for accidental releases of ...

There occurred in 1971 an accidental exposure to gamma rays from an / sup 192/Ir source received by persons not regularly occupied in radiation work. To serve in planning the therapeutic treatment, a method for estimating the gamma -ray exposure received by these .persons was devised. The method is based ...

... context of accidental or intentional radiation exposures (nuclear ... teeth from the potential victims. Up to now, most studies focused on the ... ...

... mapping are useful for assessing CNS disturbance after prenatal exposure to radiation. These techniques provide important diagnostic information ... early stages of life after accidental or unavoidable pr...

To asses the risks of the applications of ionizing radiation in technology, diagnostic radiology and cancer therapy, information should be collected on the late effects of accidental or planned exposures. For this purpose, a number of European laboratorie...

Information on late biological effects of radiation was obtained from the long-term medical followup of a small population of Marshallese accidentally exposed to radioactive fallout from a thermonuclear test in 1954. Endocrine data are compatible with a s...

During the last few years the radiopathology service of the Curie Foundation has admitted more than a hundred patients who were followed and treated for irradiation or suspected irradiation after a work accident. Accidents followed by clinical symptoms ac...

Among various biological dosimetry techniques, dicentric chromosome aberration method appears to be the method of choice in analysing accidental radiation exposure in most of the laboratories. The major advantage of this method is its sensitivity as the n...

... the value of antioxidants as countermeasures against radiological terrorism, especially in the practical scenario of starting a ... M. Drouet. Cytokine-based treatment of accidentally irradiated victims a...

Loss of the central visual field, or foveal scotoma, due to accidental exposure to laser light or macular disease can cause serious impairments in visually guided performance by either long lasting afterimages from visible radiation or permanent or degene...

The determination of the radiation exposure history of the population has become increasingly important in the study of the effects of low-level radiation. The present work was started to try to obtain an in vivo dosimeter that could give an indication of radiation exposure. Dental enamel is ...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Normal tissue response and injury after exposure to ionizing radiation are of great importance to patients with cancer, populations potentially subjected to military, accidental or intentional exposure including bioterrorism, and workers in the nuclear po...

The potential risk of accidental and especially intentional radiation exposure in the form of a terrorist attack is growing. The dangers are potentially devastating. There is an urgent need for building a greater infrastructure for teaching and research in this area. Medical contingency planning and preparedness is also essential. Such ...

BS>Urinary concentrations of creatine, beta -aminoisobutyric acid, pyrrole --carboxylic acid, and free hydroxyproline were determined in human subjects accidentally exposed to ionizing radiation at various time intervals after exposure. The range of doses of radiation varied from about 100 to 4000 ...

Accidental or therapeutic exposure to radiation may induce tumors of various histologic types in human beings as well as in animals. Two tumors in this report arose in the organs which had been included in the field of radiation 32 and 8 years before, respectively. The author briefly reviews the literature, ...

Health physics studies are described which were used to estimate area radiation levels from an accidental critical excursion in a Pu processing plant. It is pointed out that the principal health hazard in this area was considered to be alpha radiation from Pu and monitoring personnel assigned to the building were primarily ...

Preflight and postflight chromosomal analyses of space flight crews are presented. Special attention is given to findings suggestive of exposure to ionizing radiation. Information was obtained by study of persons receiving an external body source, such as, therapeutic dosage or those accidentally exposed. Others receiving ...

A system of dosimetry for persons involved in accidental criticality excursions is presented as part A of a two part report. The information is arranged to be useful as a reference for those responsible for implementing the system. Part A also contains a review and re-evaluation of the dosimetry of previous accidents and a synopsis of part B. Pants A and B together ...

The Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) at the Hanford, Washington, site began operating in the 1950s to produce plutonium metal and oxide for national defense purposes. Due to the production requirements and methods utilized to meet national needs and the abrupt shutdown of the plant in the late 1980s, the plant was left in a condition that poses a risk of radiation ...

BS>The scope of nuclear technology in industry is reviewed. Health aspects are considered from the standpoint of the prevertion and management of radiation exposures. Present-day concepts of tolerance-dose levels and new aids in handling accidental exposure cases are discussed. The need is stressed for ...

Danger in viewing the acute radiation syndrome as a stereotype was emphasized by the Lockport incident. Aspects of the acute radiation injury problem arising from study of the accident are: radiation workers are unlikely to receive uniform whole-body exposure to homogeneous radiation; ...

... Title : PROTECTIVE MEASURES AGAINST ACCIDENTAL DECOMPRESSION IN SPACE AND ... 3) use of the airlock as a radiation shelter during ...

This paper presents information on the regulations for radionuclides and chemicals in the environment. Included are detailed information on current and proposed standards, recommendations, guidances for limiting routine and accidental radiation exposures of the public, and a review of certain laws and regulations intended primarily for ...

This paper revisits three major accidents that occurred in South America. The main purpose of this review is to analyze the long term health and other effects of accidental exposures to ionizing radiation in order to extract lessons from these radiological emergencies that might be useful for avoiding similar events (primary ...

March 1, 1984, was the 30th anniversary of the Bravo thermonuclear test that resulted in the accidental exposure of the populations of Rongelap and Utirik atolls to radioactive fallout. The chronicling of the medical events resulting from that exposure is continued in this report, which covers the period from January 1983 through ...

The damage to 13 workers following accidental exposures was assessed from lymphocyte chromosomal aberrations, and the results compared with those supplied by physical dosimetry and the clinical syndromes. (FR)

Interest in medical radiation protection today is the same as what it would have been almost a century ago. After many decades of relatively safe application of radiation in medicine, the recent spurt in over exposures, over-use of imaging and accidental exposures has created the need for ...

Despite adequate precautionary measures and high-quality safeguard devices, many accidental radiation exposures continue to occur and may pose greater risks in the future, including radiation exposure in the space environment. The medical management of radiation casualties ...

The structure and mathematical model of PARATI, a detailed computer programme developed for the assessment of the radiological consequences of an accidental contamination of urban areas, is described with respect to the scenarios used for the estimation of exposure fields in a village or town, the models for the initial and secondary contamination with the ...

Three men were accidentally exposed to high levels of ultrahigh frequency radiofrequency radiation (785 MHz mean frequency) while working on a television mast. They experienced an immediate sensation of intense heating of the parts of the body in the electromagnetic field followed by a variety of symptoms and signs which included pain, headache, numbness, ...

The transmembrane resting potential (MRP) was chosen as a highly sensitive indicator for cellular reactions. The MRP was studied for its suitability as biological indicator of the level of accidental radiation exposure. The development of methodology and ...

An industrial radiographer was accidentally exposed to a high dose of ionizing radiation from an /sup 192/Ir source during radiography of weldjoints in gas pipelines. Some symptoms of high radiation exposure occurred immediately after the incident. The clinical effect of skin erythema developed within 7 d, leading ...

A general model is presented for evaluating the accidental risk of radiological exposure to the population from a boiling water reactor, where accidental risk is defined as the sum of the products of the probabilities and the consequences for all conceiva...

At least one serologic marker of prior hepatitis B infection (hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to surface antigen, or antibody to core antigen) was found in 91.7% of 314 Marshallese tested. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigenemia (3.3%) in a subpopulation that had resided on Rongelap Atoll at the time of accidental exposure to radioactive ...

This report presents an historical account of the experiences of the Brookhaven Medical team in the examination and treatment of the Marshallese people following their accidental exposure to radioactive fallout in 1954. This is the first time that a population has been heavily exposed to radioactive fallout, and even though this was a tragic mishap, the ...

This report presents an historical account of the experiences of the Brookhaven Medical team in the examination and treatment of the Marshallese people following their accidental exposure to radioactive fallout in 1954. This is the first time that a population has been heavily exposed to radioactive fallout, and even though this was a tragic mishap, the ...

Accidents involving exposure of operating personnel to hazardous levels of radiation may be as high as 1 exposure per year per 100 x-ray operating systems. During the past 10 years, LLL has had only two minor exposures, one with clinical symptoms and one with no clinical symptoms. Even with this excellent safety ...

Emergency response to airborne releases of radiative material requires estimating potential doses to downwind populations. This paper reports that emergency response personnel estimate radiation doses as accurately as possible; however, uncertain ties and biases in this process often introduce an over-conservatism in the final estimate. The process for ...

... WEAPONS AND THOSE EXPOSED TO CHEMICAL WARFARE (CW) AGENTS. ... AND ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURES TO CHEMICALS USED IN ...

The results of several major epidemiology studies on populations with particular exposure to ionizing radiation should become available during the first years of the 21(st) century. These studies are expected to provide answers to a number of questions concerning public health and radiation protection. Most of the populations concerned ...

Management of radiation mass casualty exposure that may occur as a result of nuclear or radiation accident will depend on the type of accident, and of the knowledge about the actual radiation exposure situation for those who might be involved. Management of the public after an accident in a ...

A mathematical model was constructed for the purpose of predicting the fraction of human population which would die within 1 year of an accidental exposure to airborne radionuclides. The model is based on data from laboratory experiments with rats, dogs and baboons, and from human epidemiological data. Doses from external, whole-body irradiation and from ...

The report presents a mathematical model for the purpose of predicting the fraction of human population which would die within 1 year of an accidental exposure to airborne radionuclides. The model is based on data from laboratory experiments with rats, dogs and baboons, and from human epidemiological data. Doses from external, whole-body irradiation and ...

Indicators such as clonogenic survival, transformation, and chromosomal aberrations are used to evaluate the effects of radiation on cells. Apoptosis, another such indicator, is a mode of cell death, and radiation-induced apoptosis contributes to eliminating damaged cells and preventing malformation and carcinogenesis. Understanding ...

A concerted action, termed METREPOL, was accepted by the Commission of the European Communities and was started in December 1997. Its purpose was to develop a new approach to the medical management of radiation accident victims with respect to diagnostic procedures and therapeutic options, based on recognition and evaluation of health impairments after acute ...

This paper reports that for practical cost-benefit applications, the monetary equivalent for a person-rem is generally taken to be constant; however, in actuality it increases as a regulatory or administrative limit is reached. Similarly, the monetary cost of a person-rem tends to zero as the dose equivalent falls below some lower level of concern, reaching a point that is a pragmatic de minimis ...

... exposure levels for microwave irradiation is important since new, more powerful emitters are developed and the potential for accidental exposure is ...

The radioactive exposure of the traffic moving on the same highway as spent fuel shipments has been neglected in the past. Methods developed for calculating peak exposures, the number of individuals receiving a dose in excess of a certain limiting value, and the cumulative population doses for the occupants of the vehicles under a variety of ...

The risk of radiation exposure, due to accidental or malicious release of ionizing radiation, is a major public health concern. Biomarkers that can rapidly identify severely-irradiated individuals requiring prompt medical treatment in mass-casualty incidents are urgently needed. Stable blood or plasma-based ...

This case report describes a patient suffering from accidental cutaneous radiation syndrome. Clinical symptoms were characterized by the presence of moist epidermal denudation over approximately 8% of the body surface without signs of necrosis 88 days after radiation exposure. The skin transcriptional profile was ...

Quantification of the biologically relevant dose is required to establish cause and effect between radiation detriment or burden and important biological outcomes. Most epidemiologic studies of unanticipated radiation exposure fail to establish cause and effect because researchers have not been able to construct a valid quantification ...

This report summarizes the status and basis of radiation protection standards, with a view to identifying how they particularly apply to nuclear power plants. The national and international organizations involved in the setting of standards are discussed, paying explicit attention to their jurisdictions and to the considerations they use in setting standards. The routine and ...

... Abstract : Accidental or intentional release of radiation may result in catastrophic consequences to urban and suburban populations. ...

... Accidental release from a nuclear reactor or a nuclear weapons plant A lot of radiation over a short period can cause burns or ...

Robots can improve productivity, reduce costs, and increase the quality of work to be performed. In environments dangerous to human health, robots reduce the chance a worker may become fatigued and accidentally injured. Nowhere is this more evident than within the nuclear power industry, which relies on automated systems to reduce radiation ...

This report describes health and safety concerns associated with the Mixed and Low-level Waste Treatment Facility at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Various hazards are described such as fire, electrical, explosions, reactivity, temperature, and radiation hazards, as well as the potential for accidental spills, exposure to ...

Mammalian radiobiology is reviewed as it is applicabel to man from the standpoint of military applications. The primary sources of the information summarized include the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission evaluation of results of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, evaluation of results of the accidental exposure of the Marshallese during Operation Castle, ...

During the past 40 years a wide body of biomedical research has been conducted to understand the factors which influence injury to optical radiation-particularly with respect to the eye. A primary motivation for much of this research has been the advent of lasers, since focal damage of the retina from a collimated beam exposure is possible at some ...

This document contains recommendations on appropriate human physiological and dosimetric parameters for use in assessing doses in the short term following an accidental release of radioactive contamination to the atmosphere during a nuclear emergency. It focuses on the exposure pathways expected to deliver the greatest radiation dose ...

Results of twenty-four-hour urine samples collected from individuals exposed to low-level gamma and neutron radiation for a period of 15 days after exposure and analyzed for amino acid content are discussed. Among the amino acids identified were cystine, histidine, alanine, serine, glycine, giutamic acid, and leucine. All were excreted within the ...

Rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin and were irradiated with X-rays at various exposure levels in order to determine the LD-50/30 day dose. Non-diabetic control rats were exposed in a similar manner. The LD-50 exposures for the diabetic rats and the control rats were 436 R, and 617 R respectively. In view of the high prevalence of diabetes among ...

The TRACES computer program relates the radioactivity concentration in up to 12 specific environmental media to the potential radiation dose to a member of the public via up to 21 exposure pathways. It can calculate doses arising from environmental contamination of short duration (short term accidental release) or personal ...

An industrial radiographer was accidentally over-exposed while taking the radiograph of weld-joints of gas pipe-lines in 1985 in Bangladesh. Symptoms of high radiation exposure occurred immediately after the accident and skin erythema developed leading to progressive tissue deterioration. The consequences of this ...

Information about the time that has elapsed since an external radiation exposure is useful in order to determine the time of occurrence of an abnormal exposure in personal and accidental dosimetry is presented. This information can be obtained from certain irradiated thermoluminescent dosimeters. A computational ...

The LPGS computer program was developed to calculate the radiological impacts resulting from radioactive releases to the hydrosphere. The hydrosphere is represented by the following types of water bodies: estuary, small river, well, lake, and one-dimensional (1-D) river. The program is principally designed to calculate radiation dose (individual and population) to body organs ...

The purpose of this article is to describe and contrast two relationships between radiation and food--on the one hand, beneficial preservation of food by controlled exposure to ionizing radiation; and, on the other, contamination of food by accidental incorporation of radioactive nuclides within the food itself. In ...

Accidental exposure to ionizing radiation leads to damage on different levels of the biological organization of an organism. Depending on exposure conditions, such as the nature of radiation, time and affected organs and organ systems, the clinical endpoint of radiation ...

Chromosome aberration frequency provides the most reliable biological marker of dose for detecting acute accidental radiation exposure. Significant radiation-induced changes in the frequency of chromosome aberrations can be detected at very low doses. Our paper provides information on using molecular chromosome ...

Chromosome aberration frequency provides the most reliable biological marker of dose for detecting acute accidental radiation exposure. Significant radiation-induced changes in the frequency of chromosome aberrations can be detected at very low doses. Our paper provides information on using molecular chromosome ...

The methodology for analysis of exposures to mixtures of materials accidentally released from DOE facilities was approved by SCAPA in April 1996. An action item from that meeting was to provide examples as to how this methodology would be applied to speci...

Following an accidental human exposure to a vesicating agent, plasma samples were analyzed for specific biomarkers of sulfur mustard. One individual suffered chemical burns over 6.5% of the body surface area and required hospitalization; the second indivi...

The number of emergency responses to accidental, acute exposure. e. The number of hazard-control measures initiated. ...

... Primary hazards to personnel working with these agents may include accidental autoinoculation, ingestion, and skin or mucus membrane exposure ...

... Title : Functional Assessment of Laser Irradiation. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ... Implications for accidental human exposures are presented. (Author). ...