... of the Japanese atomic bombs (6�10), the Chernobyl cleanup workers (11�13), individuals accidentally exposed to ... in immigrants to the U.S. from the Chernobyl area who had measurable levels of internal ...

The majority of individuals exposed to fallout material complained of burning and itching of the skin during the first 24 to 48 hours after exposure. Epilation and skin lesions were observed, beginning approximately 2 to 3 weeks after exposure on skin areas contaminated with fallout. Bluish-brown pigmentation of the fingernails was a common finding. ...

... WEAPONS AND THOSE EXPOSED TO CHEMICAL WARFARE (CW) AGENTS. ... AND ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURES TO CHEMICALS USED IN ...

This report updates, for 1980 through 1982, the results of continuing medical surveillance of a Marshallese population accidentally exposed to radioactive fallout in March 1954. The originally exposed Marshallese population comprised 64 persons on Rongelap Atoll who each received, on the average, an estimated 190 rads of absorbed ...

In this paper we describe a non-linear model with correlated observations which accounts for the elimination rate of radiation in the lung of individuals who have been exposed to an accidental intake at some time. The response is then modelled as a conditional Poisson distribution. When the leak is moderate or the size of the particles ...

The intake and deposition of U in three men accidentally exposed to soluble natural U compounds in an explosion in 1944 were reevaluated 38 y later by the U.S. Uranium Registry. The initial lung depositions were estimated to be about 40-50 mg of U based on the fragmentary urinary excretion data obtained shortly after the accident. The initial long-term ...

An early effective dose equivalent (EDE) to the most exposed individual of the public (MEI) at 1 km of 0.5 mSv per g tritium released in HTO form is presently used to quantify the environmental impact of accidental tritium releases from future fusion devices like NET (Next European Torus) or ITER (International Thermonuclear ...

A summary is presented of results of medical examinations of inhabitants of the Marshall Islands during the 20-year period following the exposure of Rongelap people to radioactive fallout in 1954. The initial effect observed was $beta$ burns of the skin of some individuals. Few significant findings were observed during the subsequent 9-year period, although an ...

The case histories of five patients accidentally exposed to anticholinesterase compounds (sarin or soman) are presented. The circulating cholinesterase of one patient severely exposed to soman was refractory to oxime reactivation; this patient also had ps...

Sources of ionizing radiation are being used with increasing frequency in a wide spectrum of applications in society. These uses are accompanied by the possible occurrence of accidents resulting in persons exposed to radiation and contaminated with radioactivity. These persons pose a risk to facilities and attending personnel upon their arrival at the hospital. This risk can ...

Finds that 175 individuals in seven hunter safety classes exposed to a gun safety video intervention listed significantly more gun safety practices, perceived greater susceptibility to accidental gun injuries, perceived gun injuries to be more severe, and perceived greater response efficacy toward some of the recommended gun safety ...

A safety analysis study has been applied to the Ignitor machine using Probabilistic Safety Assessment. The main initiating events have been identified, and accident sequences have been studied by means of traditional methods such as Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Fault Trees (FT) and Event Trees (ET). The consequences of the radioactive environmental releases have been assessed in terms ...

This paper reports that for practical cost-benefit applications, the monetary equivalent for a person-rem is generally taken to be constant; however, in actuality it increases as a regulatory or administrative limit is reached. Similarly, the monetary cost of a person-rem tends to zero as the dose equivalent falls below some lower level of concern, reaching a point that is a pragmatic de minimis ...

In order to provide effective monitoring and follow-up on the health effects of individuals accidentally exposed to ionising radiation, a Radiation Accident Registry (RAR) has been designed and constructed as an extension to the existing National Dose Registry (NDR). The RAR has basic functions of recording, monitoring and reporting. ...

This report presents an historical account of the experiences of the Brookhaven Medical team in the examination and treatment of the Marshallese people following their accidental exposure to radioactive fallout in 1954. This is the first time that a popul...

Seven different methods were used to estimate the dose rate to a female worker who was accidentally exposed in the neutron PHOENIX beamline at the IPNS. Theoretical and measured entrance dose ranged from 550 mrem/min to 2850 mrem/min. Theoretical estimate...

All humans have a certain amount of lead in their bodies as a result of exposure from natural and manmade sources. Lead enters the body from inhaled air, lead ingested dust, food and beverage. For non-occupationally exposed individuals, ingestion from food and water contributes to the majority of the body burden for lead. Under normal exposure conditions, ...

Quantification of the biologically relevant dose is required to establish cause and effect between radiation detriment or burden and important biological outcomes. Most epidemiologic studies of unanticipated radiation exposure fail to establish cause and effect because researchers have not been able to construct a valid quantification of dose for the exposed population. ...

The methods used to arrive at the doses received by individuals are described. The doses were determined by the following procedure. Blood and urine samples were collected from the exposed employees and counted for radioactive substances. Na/sup 24/ in the blood and P/sup 32/ and Na/sup 24/ in the urine. A burro was exposed ...

Individual polychlorinated biphenyl (CB) congeners in adipose and whole blood tissues of a capacitor manufacture worker (occupational/accidental exposure) and of the general population were determined. Nondestructive sample cleanup and multidimensional gas chromatograph-electron capture detection (MDGCE-ECD) techniques were applied. Special attention was ...

We have developed two computer programs to predict radiation risks to individuals and/or the collective population from exposures to accidental releases of radioactive materials. When used together, these two codes provide a consistent, comprehensive tool to estimate not only the risks to specific individuals but also the distribution ...

The concept of a dose-rate conversion factor for external exposure to photons and electrons and its application to the estimation of population dose following routine or accidental releases of radionuclides to the atmosphere were discussed. Dose-rate conversion factors are useful for exposure situations in which the radionuclide concentration is uniform within a certain ...

Results of twenty-four-hour urine samples collected from individuals exposed to low-level gamma and neutron radiation for a period of 15 days after exposure and analyzed for amino acid content are discussed. Among the amino acids identified were cystine, histidine, alanine, serine, glycine, giutamic acid, and leucine. All were excreted within the ...

In September 1987, in Goi�nia, Brazil, one of the most serious radiological accidents occurred at a radiation therapy unit involving a source of cesium-137. The current study examined the occurrence of possible germline mutations at the AZF region of the exposed men and in their male offspring. Genomic DNA samples of 16 individuals were analyzed for ...

A computer program, SUBDOSA, has been developed for calculating external gamma and beta doses to individuals from the accidental release of radionuclides to the atmosphere. Characteristics of SUBDOSA are: (1) Doses from both gamma and beta radiation are c...

Following an accidental human exposure to a vesicating agent, plasma samples were analyzed for specific biomarkers of sulfur mustard. One individual suffered chemical burns over 6.5% of the body surface area and required hospitalization; the second indivi...

Two pituitary tumors were diagnosed in a small population of Marshallese accidentally exposed to radioactive fallout in 1954. Endocrinologic findings in the exposed population, are reported and the possible relation of the tumors to radiation exposure and thyroid disease is discussed.

The purpose of this report is to disseminate information concerning the medical status of 253 Marshallese exposed to fallout radiation in 1954. This report discusses the medical care provided and the medical findings for the years 1988-1991. Details of th...

Late effects of radiation in a Marshall Island population accidentally exposed to radioactive fall-out in 1954 are reviewed. The most significant findings have been in regard to the development of thyroid abnormalities which have occurred largely in child...

Accidental blood exposure (ABE) exposes healthcare workers, including medical residents, to the risk of occupational infection. We aimed to determine the characteristics of ABEs in residents with an anonymous self-reporting electronic questionnaire. A total of 350 residents (33% from surgical disciplines) entered this survey. One hundred and eighty-five ...

The post-exposure hepatitis study was designed to determine whether the anti-HBs titer of immune serum globulin would be paralleled by relative effectiveness in prophylaxis of hepatitis B among medical personnel accidentally exposed to serum believed to b...

The Post-Exposure Hepatitis Study has completed two years of work (July 1972-July 1974) to determine the extent to which medical personnel accidentally exposed to hepatitis-infective serum could be protected by administration of gamma globulin preparation...

The estimation of radiation dose to man from either external or internal exposure to radionuclides requires a knowledge of the energies and intensities of the atomic and nuclear radiations emitted during the radioactive decay process. The availability of evaluated decay data for the large number of radionuclides of interest is thus of fundamental importance for radiation dosimetry. This handbook ...

>The potential fertility, in terms of semen quality of eight men was investigated 31/2 years after they were exposed accidentally to ionizing radiation of nuclear origin. It was established that at least five of these individuals received sufficient total-body radiation (236 to 365 rads) to produce symptoms of acute ...

Accidental spillage of 37,900 l of 100% phenol (carbolic acid) in July 1974 caused chemical contamination of wells in a rural area of southern Wisconsin. Human illness characterized by diarrhea, mouth sores, dark urine, and burning of the mouth was subsequently reported by seventeen individuals who consumed the contaminated water; their estimated intake of ...

A practical problem in internal dosimetry arises when an individual is accidentally exposed to airborne radioactive materials. Normal procedure would call for urine analysis to establish the presence of any body burden and to permit an assessment of the radiological consequences of this event. Current assessment procedures, based on ...

This study investigates the applicability of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to measuring bone uranium concentrations, using a 57Co source to excite the uranium X-rays, with the source and detector in an approximate 180 degrees backscatter geometry relative to the sample position. It is demonstrated, by experiment and Monte Carlo simulation, that the X-ray to coherent peak ratio is linearly related to ...

Investigation of the clotting factors in five humans accidentally exposed to total-body irradiation disclosed no deficiencies. There was no evidence of a circulating anticoagulant in any case. Moderate fibrinolysis was seen in two instances in the same individual but was not evident in the others. At the eleventh day there ...

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA; small, random differences between the left and right sides of a bilateral character) has been related to embryological stress during development. Some populations exhibit positive relations between FA and exposure to toxicants during development. The United States has agreed to demilitarize chemical warfare agents in accordance with the Chemical Weapons Convention ...

Human exposure to toxic halogenated aromatics has occurred through accidental contamination of the food and the environment. One of the most severe episodes occurred in 1979, when rice oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) was consumed by approximately 2000 people in several counties of Taiwan. Total ingestion was ...

Separate abstracts have been prepared for individual items. in individuals exposed to the relatively low levels of thyroidal radiation (

The overview of the results of development, verification and application of the methods of individual retrospective physical dosimetry among population of settlements contaminated with radionuclides, which suffered from irradiation as a result of the accident in Chernobyl NPP, and among the population located in the vicinity of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site is presented ...

Studies of the effects of ionizing radiations in animals are of limited value for human medicine as the results cannot be reliably extrapolated to man. It is therefore essential to extract the maximum amount of information from the relatively few observations on persons accidentally exposed to high doses of radiation and those deliberately ...

Plastic marine debris is a pervasive type of pollution. River basins and estuaries are a source of plastics pollution for coastal waters and oceans. Estuarine fauna is therefore exposed to chronic plastic pollution. Three important catfish species [Cathorops spixii (N=60), Cathorops agassizii (N=60) and Sciades herzbergii (N=62)] from South Western Atlantic estuaries were ...

BS>Urinary concentrations of creatine, beta -aminoisobutyric acid, pyrrole --carboxylic acid, and free hydroxyproline were determined in human subjects accidentally exposed to ionizing radiation at various time intervals after exposure. The range of doses of radiation varied from about 100 to 4000 rads. Increased concentrations of creatine ...

Investigation of application of chromosome aberrations of lymphocytes in peripheral blood for biological dosimetry purposes in remote (up to 40 years) period after acute exposure to doses of 1 Gy and more was carried out. The comparative analysis of frequency of unstable and stable (using FISH and G-banding methods) aberrations was performed for 24 subjects accidentally ...

We have examined the effects of ionizing radiation on somatic mutations in vivo, using the hprt clonal assay. The study was performed on blood samples obtained from children exposed during a radiological accident that happened in 1987, in Goiania, Brazil, The group of children exposed to ionizing radiation includes six males and four females ranging in age ...

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes is a standardised and validated technique for biodosimetry. Automated scoring of micronuclei allows large scale applications as in population triage in case of radiation accidents or malevolent use of radioactive sources. The dose detection limit (95% confidence) of the micronucleus assay for individual ...

Numerous instances of human exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p- dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) have been documented. Following the development of sufficiently specific and sensitive analytical methods during the past few years, many reports have appeared on PCDD and PCDF levels in human blood and adipose tissues. Studies have examined the PCDD and PCDF levels ...

Over the course of fifty-three years, LLNL had six acute releases of tritiated hydrogen gas (HT) and one acute release of tritiated water vapor (HTO) that were too large relative to the annual releases to be included as part of the annual releases from normal operations detailed in Parts 3 and 4 of the Tritium Dose Reconstruction (TDR). Sandia National Laboratories/California (SNL/CA) had one such ...

The hematelogical treatment of subjects accidentally exposed te high irradiation doses is reviewed. Except for extremely high doses the prime consideration is the determination of the dose recelved in which hematological examirations play a large role. Then serious hematological malfunctions require energetic symptomatic treatment. The isolation ...

Bromochlorodifluoromethane (Halon 1211) is a widely used fire extinguishing agent. Several cases of sudden death in teenagers associated with BCF abuse have been reported. BCF is used as a fire extinguisher in battle tanks. Two young previously healthy male soldiers were accidentally exposed to BCF in a battle tank. The tank driver died, but the gunner ...

Seven different methods were used to estimate the dose rate to a female worker who was accidentally exposed in the neutron PHOENIX beamline at the IPNS. Theoretical and measured entrance dose rates ranged from 550 mrem/min to 2,850 mrem/min. Theoretical e...

The report presents a mathematical model for the purpose of predicting the fraction of human population which would die within 1 year of an accidental exposure to airborne radionuclides. The model is based on data from laboratory experiments with rats, do...

Empathy and sympathy play crucial roles in much of human social interaction and are necessary components for healthy coexistence. Sympathy is thought to be a proxy for motivating prosocial behavior and providing the affective and motivational base for moral development. The purpose of the present study was to use functional MRI to characterize developmental changes in brain activation in the ...

Empathy and sympathy play crucial roles in much of human social interaction and are necessary components for healthy coexistence. Sympathy is thought to be a proxy for motivating prosocial behavior and providing the affective and motivational base for moral development. The purpose of the present study was to use functional MRI to characterize developmental changes in brain activation in the ...

AZT (3`-axido-3`-deoxythymidine, Zidovudine) is the most widely used therapeutic agent in the treatment of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Use of AZT has not been limited to HIV-seropositive individuals or to those with symptoms of AIDS. It has also been used as a chemoprophylactic agent in people accidentally exposed to ...

In a situation when radionuclides accidentally or deliberately are dispersed in the environment, there is a need for rapid investigation of the internal contamination in exposed individuals. In this work, the possibilities of visualising and quantifying uptakes of different radionuclides in the lung region of an adult ...

Management of radiation mass casualty exposure that may occur as a result of nuclear or radiation accident will depend on the type of accident, and of the knowledge about the actual radiation exposure situation for those who might be involved. Management of the public after an accident in a nuclear or radiation installation will follow existing specific emergency plans, and will take advantage of ...

The mitotic index of the bone marrow of 7 healthy individuals was determined in Feulgen stained squash preparations to be 0.9% for the time 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. The method did not allow the distinction of mitoses of different cell lineageg. On the basis of this mitotic index, it is possible to estimate the average turnover time of the red cell series to be in the order ...

The increased incidence of thyroid nodularity and carcinoma appearing as a late effect after exposure of the human thyroid to ionizing radiation is well-recognized. Despite the high prevalence of thyroid nodularity in Marshallese inadvertently exposed to fallout in 1954, only two subjects, both about one year of age at exposure, have been found to have primary hypothyroidism. ...

On 25 June 1990, a radiation accident occurred in a (60)Co source radiation unit in Shanghai, due to violations in operation regulations. This accident resulted in the exposure of seven individuals to acute high-dose and dose-rate whole-body external irradiation. Conventional chromosomal aberration analysis, G-banding automatic karyotype analysis and/or fluorescent in situ ...

A summary is presented of results of medical examinations of inhabitants of the Marshall Islands during the 20-year period following the exposure of Rongelap people to radioactive fallout in 1954. The initial effect observed was beta burns of the skin of ...

The increased incidence of thyroid nodularity and carcinoma appearing as a late effect after exposure of the human thyroid to ionizing radiation is well-recognized. Despite the high prevalence of thyroid nodularity in Marshallese inadvertently exposed to ...

The adaption of hospital emergency rooms to handle patients accidentally contaminated with radioisotopes is described. This presentation includes a plan and flow chart to receive, screen, decortaminate, and treat patients who have been exposed to uncontrolled radiations. (BBB)

The accurate measurement of transuranic elements deposited in the lung is a complex task. One of the problems is measuring uranium-L x-rays associated with plutonium passing through the chest of an accidentally exposed subject. Because the normal human ch...

in collaboration with WHO Inter-Cluster Working Group on Preparedness for and response to natural occurrence, accidental release or deliberate use of biological and chemical agents or radionuclear materials that affect health

The radioisotope or ionizing radiation medical or industrial use may generate accidents where human beings are exposed to very high doses. The accident frequency is increasing quickly because of the industrial source use development. The accidents don't c...

Information on late biological effects of radiation was obtained from the long-term medical followup of a small population of Marshallese accidentally exposed to radioactive fallout from a thermonuclear test in 1954. Endocrine data are compatible with a s...

This is a review of 23 cases from the literature on CO poisoning during pregnancy and a report of another case where mother presumably exposed to CO (smell of gas in house headache among family members, etc.) for a protracted period and fetus stilborn with 49% COHb.

Detailed external measurements were made of internally deposited exp 241 Am in a nuclear chemical operator involved in an americium exposure accident at the Hanford plant. Despite some interference from high-level external contamination, quantitative meas...

This document provides guidance on the organizational structure, personnel, facilities, equipment, supplies and treatment principles required for the initial care of injured persons who have been accidentally exposed to ionizing radiation and who may be c...

The deposition of PuO sub 2 in the lungs of an occupationally exposed worker is characterized by assay for plutonium in excreta samples and from in vivo measurements of exp 241 Am in the thoracic region. Chelation therapy by intravenous injection of 1 gm ...

This paper presents the following calculations: 1. the amount of radioactivity retained in the lung resulting from various accidental releases of radioactivity under various average and worst meteorological conditions, 2. the number of people exposed.

The plug fault Xray diffraction equipment promoted searcher irradiation.The film dosemeter who he carried was over exposed (D.O.>4.5). The reconstruction of the accident for value the operator dose received and future effects of him. The troubled recei...

In 1954, 253 Marshallese were accidentally exposed to fallout radiation from the hydrogen bomb, BRAVO. The Marshall Islands Medical Program (MIMP) was established by the Department of Energy in 1955 to monitor and treat radiation-related disease pursuant to this accident. Medical teams from Brookhaven National laboratory, a federal institution, regularly ...

This report presents an historical account of the experiences of the Brookhaven Medical team in the examination and treatment of the Marshallese people following their accidental exposure to radioactive fallout in 1954. This is the first time that a population has been heavily exposed to radioactive fallout, and even though this was a tragic mishap, the ...

This report presents an historical account of the experiences of the Brookhaven Medical team in the examination and treatment of the Marshallese people following their accidental exposure to radioactive fallout in 1954. This is the first time that a population has been heavily exposed to radioactive fallout, and even though this was a tragic mishap, the ...

We have developed two computer programs to predict radiation risks to individuals and/or the collective population from exposures to accidental releases of radioactive materials. When used together, these two codes provide a consistent, comprehensive tool to estimate not only the risks to specific individuals but also the distribution ...

Exposure to cold can produce a variety of injuries that occur as a result of man's inability to adapt to cold. These injuries can be divided into localized injury to a body part, systemic hypothermia, or a combination of both. Body temperature may fall as a result of heat loss by radiation, evaporation, conduction, and convection. Hypothermia or systemic cold injury occurs when the core body ...

Background radiation dose is used in dosimetry for estimating occupational doses of radiation workers or determining radiation dose of an individual following accidental exposure. In the present study, the absorbed dose and the background radiation level are determined using the electron spin resonance (ESR) method on tooth samples. The effect of using ...

The bed is thought to be a safe place, but posses a number of risks that can cause deaths. To identify the causes of accidental death in bed and propose strategies for the prevention of further accidents, we surveyed and analyzed the literature on accidental deaths in bed from Japan and abroad, as well as legal cases related to ...

BackgroundThe upward trend in industrial nations in the incidence of male genitourinary (GU) conditions may be attributed to increased exposure to endocrine disruptors. Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), a brominated flame retardant, is one such suspected endocrine disruptor.ObjectiveWe investigated the relationship between maternal serum levels of PBBs and GU conditions among male offspring ...

Dose calculations have been performed for accidental releases of tritium and activation products. Unit releases of 1 GBq per nuclide have been investigated for 31 fusion relevant nuclides. Additionally, unit releases of 1g of tritium and several activated...

Assumptions supporting a chronic aqueous release methodology are inappropriate for estimating dose from accidental discharges. A method of modeling acute or accidental releases is being developed for predicting maximum individual dose. Standardization of consumption rates and usage factors for acute aqueous releases is necessary. ...

A review of autopsy reports in cases of electrocution in Northern Ireland revealed that there were 50 accidental electrocutions and 9 suicidal electrocutions over a 22 year period (1982 - 2003). No cases of homicidal electrocution were detected in this jurisdiction. Analysis of the cohort of accidental electrocutions showed that there was a clear skew ...

A review of autopsy reports in cases of electrocution in Northern Ireland revealed that there were 50 accidental electrocutions and 9 suicidal electrocutions over a 22 year period (1982 � 2003). No cases of homicidal electrocution were detected in this jurisdiction. Analysis of the cohort of accidental electrocutions showed that there was a clear skew ...

We recently described a Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV)-specific human monoclonal antibody (MAb), F5 nIgG, that recognizes a new neutralization epitope on the VEEV E2 envelope glycoprotein. In this study, we investigated the ability of F5 nIgG given prophylactically or therapeutically to protect mice from subcutaneous or aerosolized VEEV infection. F5 nIgG had potent ability to protect ...

This paper reviews several monitoring studies where the short-term HPRT assay has been applied. The original method uses autoradiography to detect 3H-thymidine incorporation in variant cells that have undergone DNA synthesis; the bromodeoxyuridine modification employs this thymidine analog and fluorescence plus Giemsa staining. The studies discussed here were accomplished with either of these ...

After large-scale accidental overexposure to ionizing radiation, a rapid triage of the exposed population can be performed by scoring dicentrics and ring chromosomes among 50 metaphases. This is rapid but is not accurate because the sensitivity is around 0.5 Gy. After the triage step, dose can be estimated by scoring 500 metaphases. This is lengthy but ...

In March 1954, radioactive debris from a thermonuclear weapon test at Bikini Atoll deviated from predicted trajectories and contaminated several atolls in the northern Marshall Islands. As a result, 239 native inhabitants of these islands along with 28 American servicemen and 23 Japanese fishermen received variably severe exposures to diverse ionizing radiations. Fallout material consisted largely ...

Decay data are presented for approximately 500 radionuclides including those occurring naturally in the environment, those of potential importance in routine or accidental releases from the nuclear fuel cycle, those of current interest in nuclear medicine and fusion reactor technology, and some of those of interest to Committee 2 of the International Commission on Radiological ...

Annual medical examinations are conducted by Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for a population of Marshallese who were accidentally exposed to radioactive fallout in 1954, for a comparison population, and for all inhabitants of the atolls of Rongelap and Utirik. Disease surveillance includes analysis of serum samples. Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) ...

Historical information about tritium released routinely and accidentally from all Livermore Site Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) facilities and from the Tritium Research Laboratory of Sandia National Laboratories/California (SNL/CA) between 1953 through 2005 has been compiled and summarized in this report. Facility-specific data (annual release rates and dilution ...

Health risks arising from the fabrication, installation, operation, and decommissioning of photovoltaic energy systems have been studied. Occupational risks from accidental injuries were quantified, and illness-related effects were examined. Although significant illness-related effects are not expected, potential chemical (e.g., phosphine) and physical (e.g., radio-frequency ...

An individual absorbed dose for atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors and radiologic technologists has been estimated using a new personal dosimetry. This dosimetry is based on the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy of the CO33- radicals, which are produced in their teeth by radiation. Measurements were carried out to study the characteristics of the dosimetry; the ESR ...

To quantify the effects of adverse exposure, it is important that the baseline frequency of stable aberrations be well established. It is also important to understand how control populations in different demographic areas vary in their aberration frequencies. Recently we used chromosome painting to show that translocations accumulate with age and cigarette smoking. Here we compare three control ...

Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds are primary examples of persistent organic pollutants that induce toxicity in both wildlife and humans. Over the past 200 years these compounds have been almost exclusively generated by human activity and have left a string of disasters in the wake of their accidental release. Most recently, the contamination of the Irish pork supply with ...

Dosimeter determines time-integrated radiation dosage to which an individual is exposed. Integration

... OF DEVELOPING AN ADVERSE PHYSIOLOGICAL SYMPTOM IN INDIVIDUALS PERCUTANEOUSLY EXPOSED TO VX NERVE AGENT ...