of bone marrow damage in accidental/intentional irradiations, the stimulation of residual stem cells using granulocyte Colony-stimulating factor remains the therapeutic standard...

... is heightened due to the risk of radiological terrorism or radiation accidents (1, 3, 6, 8). Protection ... M. Drouet. Cytokine-based treatment of accidentally irradiated victims and new approaches. Exp. ...

In the event of accidental irradiation the estimation of haematological damage situates the dose range. For serious irradiation the rapid perturbation and later change in the blood cell lines are good dose level indicators. In cases of relatively slight exposure the thrombocytes are the last blood cell elements to be ...

... context of accidental or intentional radiation exposures (nuclear ... teeth from the potential victims. Up to now, most studies focused on the ... ...

... the value of antioxidants as countermeasures against radiological terrorism, especially in the practical scenario of starting a ... M. Drouet. Cytokine-based treatment of accidentally irradiated victims a...

The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and simple method for the triage of radiation accident victims, according to the severity of radiation-induced damage, especially when the radiological nature of the accident is recognised late or gives rise to a protracted irradiation. The work was based on the recent radiation accident in Dakar (Senegal). A ...

... Antimicrobials in the Management of Post-Irradiation Infection ... The threat of accidental or hostile exposure to ionizing irradiation is of great concern. ...

Data from human radiation accident victims, patients undergoing therapeutic whole-body irradiation, and astronauts during space flight are reviewed for radiation dose response relationships. The effects of whole-body irradiation at various doses and dose rates on the hematopoietic system, response to physiological stress, and ...

On 25 June 1990, a radiation accident occurred in a (60)Co source radiation unit in Shanghai, due to violations in operation regulations. This accident resulted in the exposure of seven individuals to acute high-dose and dose-rate whole-body external irradiation. Conventional chromosomal aberration analysis, G-banding automatic karyotype analysis and/or fluorescent in situ ...

Ex vivo expansion of residual autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells collected from victims soon after accidental irradiation (autologous cell therapy) may represent an additional or alternative approach to cytokine therapy or allogeneic transplantation. Peripheral blood CD34+ cells could be a useful source of cells for ...

... Title : Functional Assessment of Laser Irradiation. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ... Implications for accidental human exposures are presented. (Author). ...

... exposure levels for microwave irradiation is important since new, more powerful emitters are developed and the potential for accidental exposure is ...

We developed a model of heterogeneous irradiation in a nonhuman primate to test the feasibility of autologous hematopoietic cell therapy for the treatment of radiation accident victims. Animals were irradiated either with 8 Gy to the body with the right arm shielded to obtain 3.4 Gy irradiation or with 10 Gy total ...

The goal of this study was to assess the persistence of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei of three victims 2 y after accidental radiation exposure to Co gamma rays. Traditional chromosome aberration analysis was performed by scoring the dicentric chromosomes (dic) and rings (r) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Micronuclei were detected using the ...

In case of an accidental overexposure to ionizing radiation where the dose received by the victim is over 5 Gy, the conventional biological indicator of dose, the dicentric assay, does not provide an accurate enough dose measurement. A more appropriate technique is to measure ring chromosomes in stimulated lymphocytes. Dose-effect relationships were ...

... is to study nuclear fuel behaviour under normal and accidental operating conditions, by means of instrumented irradiation experiments followed by ...

... Animals were irradiated with Co gamma rays to simulate the nonuniform irradiation which do occur in victims of radiation accidents. ...

Evaluation and management of victims of exposure to myelosuppressive radiation in a military, terrorist, or accidental event is challenging. The hematopoietic syndrome with marrow suppression and pancytopenia follows intermediate intensity radiation exposure and as such produces a clinical syndrome similar to that after myelosuppressive chemotherapy or ...

Commercial glasses have been investigated for their application in accidental gamma dose measurement using Thermoluminescent (TL) techniques. Some of the glasses have been found to be sensitive enough that they can be used as TL dating material in radiological accident situation for gamma dosimetry with lower detection limit 1 Gy (the dose significant for the onset of ...

The overview of the results of development, verification and application of the methods of individual retrospective physical dosimetry among population of settlements contaminated with radionuclides, which suffered from irradiation as a result of the accident in Chernobyl NPP, and among the population located in the vicinity of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site is presented ...

Calibration curves for fission spectrum neutrons and other high LET radiations are scarce in cytogenetic dosimetry and particularly for Prematurely Condensed Chromosome Rings (PCC-ring). Here we analyzed the behavior of the PCC-ring frequency and PCC index after neutron irradiation in a broad dose interval from 1 to 26 Gy. PCC-rings were induced in lymphocytes with Calyculin ...

... the result of radiation accidents or nuclear/radiological terrorism (1). The current lack of radioprotectors and therapeutic agents that are safe, effective and approved for use in victims of accidental or...

The study investigates the relationship between cadmium, lead, zinc and mercury burdens and age in five different autopsy tissues. Approximately 30 autopsy cases in each of five age groups were studied. Autopsy cases were from sudden or accidental death victims living in the same...

Many accidental deaths are attributed to fires started from smoking in bed or in upholstered chairs. Frequently, the victims die as a result of exposure to smoke, heat, or noxious fumes that develop as materials burn rather than from skin burns. The objec...

Nuclear war or accidental non-hostile nuclear explosion would obviously rank among the greatest disasters to affect mankind. In addition to massive numbers of casualties, depending on the circumstances, our ability to care for these casualties might also ...

Aplasia is one of the main syndrome, appearing after one global accidental irradiation by one ionizing radiation source. The hematopoietic syndrome is characterized by a peripheric blood cell number fall; the cell marrow is reduced too. (Atomindex citatio...

A 38-year-old cattleman died as a result of an accidental injection of an animal antibiotic known as Micotil which has no known antidote. On March 8, 2003, the victim was preparing to vaccinate a heifer inside a barn. He was carrying a 12cc plastic dispos...

Datura stramonium L. (DS) is a wild-growing plant widely distributed and easily accessible. It contains a variety of toxic anticholinergic alkaloids such as atropine, hyoscamine, and scopolamine. Voluntary or accidental ingestion can produce severe anticholinergic poisoning. We report an unusual case of DS intoxication occurring in a geophagous young child after ...

Datura stramonium L. (DS) is a wild-growing plant widely distributed and easily accessible. It contains a variety of toxic anticholinergic alkaloids such as atropine, hyoscamine, and scopolamine. Voluntary or accidental ingestion can produce severe anticholinergic poisoning. We report an unusual case of DS intoxication occurring in a geophagous young child after ...

A major goal of medical management of acute radiation syndrome following accidental exposures to ionizing radiation (IR) is to mitigate the risks of infection and hemorrhage related to the period of bone marrow aplasia. This can be achieved by stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of residual hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) related to either their ...

The following case report describes an accidental stabbing that occurred on Halloween. The unwitting victim, while preparing for a holiday charade, stabbed himself with an ornamental dagger. By placing himself in a potentially hazardous situation, the victim's behavior entailed risk taking. The psychological implications of such risk ...

Nuclear war or accidental non-hostile nuclear explosion would obviously rank among the greatest disasters to affect mankind. In addition to massive numbers of casualties, depending on the circumstances, our ability to care for these casualties might also be affected. Despite the predictions of doomsday soothsayers, nothing is accomplished by burying one's head in the ...

IntroductionDeep accidental hypothermia (body temperature below 28�C) is rare and has a high mortality rate. Successful resuscitation usually occurs in the young, but a prompt intervention using a portable extracorporeal cardiopulmonary circulation device can also provide a good outcome for older persons.Case presentationWe report the successful resuscitation of an ...

From the relationships given in the literature on the calculation of the biological dose received by an organism because of the atmospheric radioactivity, the maximum levels permitted in this case are calculated. The maximum permissible levels depend on mean values of the preceding years and on the number of accidental irradiations. (trauth)

Radionuclide-that is fission products- migration pathways in the human body organs are being modelled. A method for calculating body irradiation in terms of radioactive contamination is suggested. Data obtained for the 1986 accidental irradiation are comp...

During the last few years the radiopathology service of the Curie Foundation has admitted more than a hundred patients who were followed and treated for irradiation or suspected irradiation after a work accident. Accidents followed by clinical symptoms ac...

Much valuable information regarding the effects of large doses of whole- body irradiation and the treatment of acute radiation injury can be obtained from the study of patients deliberately irradiated for therapeutic purposes. Of particular interest in this connection are the irradiation of patients in preparation for kidney ...

An arrangement for irradiation with electrons is described which avoids certain hazards associated with other techniques. The space between accelerating- tube window and object to be irradiated is filled with He or Ar. The He or Ar, being lighter than alr, are contained by a hood the bottom of which is open to permit ralsing of objects to be ...

The hematelogical treatment of subjects accidentally exposed te high irradiation doses is reviewed. Except for extremely high doses the prime consideration is the determination of the dose recelved in which hematological examirations play a large role. Then serious hematological malfunctions require energetic symptomatic treatment. The isolation ...

The dosimetric properties of some twenty textile fibers have been studied in order to develop a method for determining the dose received in the case of an accidental gamma irradiation. Three textile fibers having properties most closely satisfying our nee...

The long-term expression of TGF beta 1 in mouse skin after localized irradiation with a beta-emitting source is reported. The skin of CBA/ca mice was exposed to 50 Gy superficial beta radiation from an 11 mm strontium-90 source. Such a dose produced an acute moist desquamation reaction in 100% of the animals, which was macroscopically resolved within 30 days. The acute ...

... minimal toxicities. Their use should be considered for victims exposed to radiation as a result of an accident or terrorism or for patients as part of cancer therapy. ... ...

Several reports in the literature have described the effects of radiation in workers who exposed their fingers to intense radioactive sources. The radiation injuries occurring after local exposure to a high dose (20 to 100 Gy) could lead to the need for amputation. Follow-up of victims needs to be more rational with a precise knowledge of the irradiated ...

In the context of accidental or intentional radiation exposures (nuclear terrorism), it is essential to separate rapidly those individuals with substantial exposures from those with exposures that do not constitute an immediate threat to health. Low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy provides the potential advantage of making accurate and sensitive ...

A European consensus concerning the medical management of mass radiation exposure was obtained in 2005 during a conference held by the European Group for Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, the Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, and the University of Ulm. At the conference, a two-step triage strategy to deal with large masses of radiation-exposed patients was designed. The first ...

Studies of the effects of ionizing radiations in animals are of limited value for human medicine as the results cannot be reliably extrapolated to man. It is therefore essential to extract the maximum amount of information from the relatively few observations on persons accidentally exposed to high doses of radiation and those deliberately ...

Lethal cases in mountain tourism and sports in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria were studied for 1978-1995. A total of 152 accidental deaths were analysed. Most of the victims were males under 30 years of age. The greatest number of the accidents took place on Monday, in July and August. Many amateur visitors from abroad were among the ...

On September 2nd 1982 one of the employees of the gamma-irradiation facility at Institute for Energy Technology, Kjeller, Norway entered the irradiation cell with a 65.7 kCi *sp60*Co- source in unshielded position. The victim received an unknown radiation...

All major pollution incidents in contemporary Japan have spawned victims' protest movements. This dissertation is a case study of one such movement which emerged in the late 1960s among thousands of persons poisoned by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that had accidentally leaked into their cooking oil. The study describes the evolution of ...

The relative inhalation hazards of iodine isotopes following an accidental release of fission products are calculated taking into account the biological and physical characteristics of the significant radionuclides. The relative dose due to I/sup 132/ formed in the body by the decay of Te/sup 132/ is also calculated using a simple mathematical model for iodine ...

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor arising from endothelial cells of blood vessels or lymphatic channels. Therapeutic irradiation, thoriumdioxide administration, pyothorax, and polyvinyl chloride exposure have been shown to be predisposing factors for developing angiosarcoma. Accidental radiation exposure has not been associated with angiosarcoma. We ...

Thousands of young lives are lost every year as a result of accidents, and trauma remains the number one cause of paediatric death. There is a pattern and regularity to children's injury: boys are more often victims than the girls, most injuries occur during the summer months, the pedestrian child has usually been the victim of a road traffic accident ...

"Autoerotic asphyxia" typically involves an individual hanging or ligature, resulting in self-induced oxygen deprivation brought about by neck compression during sexual activity. Little about the so-called "atypical forms" of autoerotic asphyxia, which also involve compression of the chest or abdomen, has been published in forensic literature. When death results from such practices, they are ...

Exposure to accidental or deliberate radiation poses a threat to public health, proving lethal at higher doses in large part due to deleterious effects on marrow. In those cases, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) might be required to restore marrow function. Most radiation accident victims will have HLA-haploidentical relatives who could ...

Exposure to accidental or deliberate radiation poses a threat to public health, proving lethal at higher doses in large part because of deleterious effects on marrow. In those cases, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) might be required to restore marrow function. Most radiation accident victims will have HLA-haploidentical relatives who ...

The increased use of lasers and laser devices has made it essential to determine the potential kinds of visual deficits associated with accidental laser exposure. Maximal visual acuity and normal color vision are closely associated with foveal receptor fu...

The transverse gamma spectrometry of an irradiated fuel pencil, associated to a tomography method of gamma emitters reconstruction in a straight section of the pencil, is a non destructive technique which proves efficient when there are enough projections...

... an accidental intake of tritium (20) and for Chernobyl clean-up workers (21). Among several mathematical models ... protracted irradiation was highlighted by the Goiania and Chernobyl accidents (6, 7, 21,...

It was found that the most hazardous aspect of this source of radiation is accidental breakage of the watch crystal and unwitting cortamination of the person who attempts to remove the broken glass. (H.H.D.)

This work is a contribution to the study of stimulated exoelectronic emission, the goal of which is the development of a dosimetry available in case of accidental irradiation. The first part is devoted to a review of the various theoretical models suggest...

The plug fault Xray diffraction equipment promoted searcher irradiation.The film dosemeter who he carried was over exposed (D.O.>4.5). The reconstruction of the accident for value the operator dose received and future effects of him. The troubled recei...

The very soft, pure crystals of LiF that are commercially available were formed unsuitable for some experimental work because they suffer accidental plastic deformation during cleavage and tend to split on (ll0) planes. Irradiation with gamma rays produces harder crystals that can be cleaved and handled without much damage. The radiation-induced ...

Effects of whole body irradiation in mammals with supralethal doses and the consequent recovery through heterologous and homologous medullary grafts are reviewed. Attempts at application to the field of human pathology caused by total irradiation, both accidental and therapeutical; and some radiobiological considerations on ...

Death due to gas inhalation is accidental or suicidal. Natural gas can be a cause of death as a result of oxygen replacement in the atmosphere. Three male victims who were killed from gas inhalation are described in this study. One 19-year-old man attempted suicide using a combination of plastic bag suffocation and natural gas tube in his mouth. The other ...

Changes in the numbers of peripheral lymphocytes with chromosome aberrations were observed in cynomolgus monkeys after fractionated or acute /sup 60/Co irradiation at the same total doses. Immediately after irradiation, the yield of dicentrics decreased when the dose was fractionated but remained constant for 20 to 80 days, depending on the dose, when ...

The use of total-body irradiation of humans as a means of breaking down their resistance to allogenic grafts was studied. The studies comprise bone- marrow grafts to juvenile acute leukemia patients, and kidney transplants to adults. The doses administered are on the order of 500 rad. An additional study was made of marrow grafts to accidentally ...

not aggressive, do occasionally bite humans. Bites occur most often when someone accidentally presses the spider bite when threatened. The bite from the widow spider causes a set of symp- toms in the bite victim locations where humans would experience the dreaded widow spider bite.Attracted to the dark, warm area

An accidental fire determined to have originated above ceiling level occurred in the early morning hours of March 4, 199l to the Crystal Springs Estates personal care boarding home in Colorado Springs, Colorado. All indicators point to this fire as having...

Examined grief, family detachment, and impact of resources following sudden bereavement among family members of victims of suicide and accidental deaths. Most grief-stricken survivors were more detached from family. Self-esteem emerged as strongest predictor of grief and played role in mediating influences of religious participation and exercise on grief. ...

In the year that has passed since the Bhopal disaster involving the accidental release of methylisocyanate, the matter of relief for the victims is still unresolved. Union Carbide Corporation has offered an out-of-court settlement about half that demanded by the Indian government. The environmental groups in the country have largely failed to mount ...

A 29-year-old male received a fatal gunshot wound to the head during an altercation. Routine toxicological followup on the victim revealed a concentration of 30 mg/L of cocaine in the blood. The case history presented suggests that the concentration achieved by this individual was the result of a physiological tolerance developed from years of consistent recreational use and ...

We present the case of a 24-year-old driver who died when a metal pole entered the front windshield, traveled through the victim's neck, and then exited via the back windshield. This case illustrated an unusual penetration injury and the importance of a thorough and complete death scene investigation. PMID:21394949

A severe irradiation accident involving a victim occurred in April 2009 in South America. The victim has found a (192)Ir source fallen from a gammagraphy device and has put it in the left pocket of his pants. Very quickly, an erythema and a blister appeared on the left leg of the victim involving hospitalisation. ...

The accidental intoxications constitute more and more a serious problem among young children in the developing countries because of their frequency and difficulties for taking care of those victims. The objective of our work was to study acute intoxications among children in order to determine the frequency, to identify the products in question and to ...

Motor vehicle accidental injuries are a frequent cause of death among young children and adolescents. The goal of this study was to compare patterns of injury between three capitals (Budapest, Vilnius, and Tallinn). Information on 190 fatal traffic accidents (69 pedestrians, 14 bicyclists, and 107 motor vehicle occupants) between 2002 and 2006 was collected from databases of ...