The biological dosimetry in radiation protection allows to evaluate the received dose by a potentially irradiated person from biological markers such chromosomal abnormalities. The technologies of Hybridization In Situ by Fluorescence (F.I.S.H) allow the ...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This edited transcript of a presentation on personnel neutron discusses the accuracy of present dosimetry practices, requirements, calibration, dosemeter types, quality factors, operational problems, and dosimetry for a criticality accident. 32 figs. (ACR)
Energy Citations Database
... Accession Number : ADA412535. Title : DRDC Ottawa Participation in the SILENE Accident Dosimetry Intercomparison Exercise. June 10-21, 2002. ...
DTIC Science & Technology
The evaluation of the dose that a person received in a criticality accident can be difficult. Most accidents have occurred when the person was not wearing nuclear accident dosimetry and since the NRC no longer requires these dosimeters, future dose evalua...
... OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION ...835.1304 Nuclear accident dosimetry...individuals to radiation from a nuclear accident is possible...involved in a nuclear accident to determine...significant exposures to radiation occurred;...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011
When a radiological accident occurred, the distribution of the dose received in the organism must be assessed within a short time. This information, which completes the clinical and biological investigations, is useful for the medical team. In this way, the physical dosimetry makes use of experimental and numerical reconstitution techniques which are ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
An international Intercomparison of Nuclear Accident Dosimetry Systems was held at Harwell in April 1975 under the auspices of the IAEA. The source of radiation was the pulsed reactor VIPER at AWRE Aldermaston. This paper presents the results of the measu...
The fifteenth in the continuing series of Nuclear Accident Dosimetry Intercomparison Studies was held August 14--22, 1978 at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The Health Physics Research Reactor, operated in the pulse mode, served as the radiation source...
An international intercomparison of nuclear accident dosimetry systems was conducted during September 12-16, 1983, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) using the Health Physics Research Reactor operated in the pulse mode to simulate criticality acciden...
... Scoring (physically counting) of chromosome aberrations (damaged genetic material) in peripheral blood lymphocytes is presently accepted as the ...
In July 1995, LANL hosted an accident dosimetry intercomparison. When all reactors on the Oak Ridge Reservation were idled in 1988, the Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR), which had been used for 22 previous intercomparisons dating from 1965, was shut...
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Environmental, Safety, and Health Emergency Response Organization has the responsibility of providing analyses of personnel exposures to neutrons and gamma rays from a nuclear accident. This report presents the technical and philosophical basis for the dose assessment aspects of the nuclear accident ...
DOE Information Bridge
From feedback experience from recent radiation accident cases, in addition to biological dosimetry and physical dosimetry based on Monte Carlo calculations or experimental means, there is a need for complementary methods of dosimetry for radiation accident. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) ...
PubMed
The development of two new probabilistic accident consequence codes, MACCS and COSYMA, was completed in 1990. These codes estimate the consequence from the accidental releases of radiological material from hypothesized accidents at nuclear installations. ...
The use of a portable electronic device in accident dosimetry has been investigated. The thermoluminescence properties of a surface-mount alumina-rich ceramic resonator from a USB flash drive were investigated. The following characteristics were verified: the absence of a zero-dose signal, gamma dose response, dose recycling behaviour, fading and optical ...
A simple and inexpensive Nuclear Accident Dosimetry (NAD) system for use in criticality accidents is described in this report. It consists of activation detectors of indium, gold, copper and sulfur for neutron dose estimates and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) and radiophotoluminescent (RPL) dosimeters for gamma dose measurements. ...
Since 1965, the Dosimetry Applications Research Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has conducted periodic intercomparison and testing programs in neutron and gamma personnel dosimetry and criticality accident dosimetry. Recently, courses in these areas and criticality alarm testing also have been offered to ...
DRDC Ottawa (and formerly as DREO) has participated in two NATO- sponsored and one TTCP-sponsored dosimetry intercomparisons. The SILENE international Accident Dosimetry Intercomparison Exercise at Valduc, France in June 2002 coincided with DRDC Ottawa wo...
Methods of retrospective dosimetry, including luminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), rely on measurement of accident dose absorbed by naturally occurring materials - ceramics in the case of both thermoluminescence (TL) and op...
There is an increased need for after-the fact dosimetry because of the high risk of radiation exposures due to terrorism or accidents. In case of such an event, a method is needed to make measurements of dose in a large number of individuals rapidly and with sufficient accuracy to facilitate effect...
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
The Dosimetry Applications Research (DOSAR) group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has established a national and international program for dosimetry testing and intercomparison. Under this program there have been twenty-two nuclear accident dosimeter int...
The neutron dosimetry system incorporated in the NTS personnel dosimeter and the method of using it for nuclear accident dosimetry (NAD) are described. Details of the calibration procedure are given. Some useful cross sections and other detailed data are tabulated. (auth)
Investigations of thermoluminescence of lithium tetraborate activated with Dy, Mn and Eu and calcium sulphate activated with Dy caused by irradiation have been described. Both kinds of materials may be used in military and accident dosimetry.
Language: French ...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
The increasing risk of a mass casualty scenario following a large scale radiological accident or attack necessitates the development of appropriate dosimetric tools for emergency response. Luminescence dosimetry has been reliably applied for dose reconstruction in contaminated settlements for several decades and recent research into new materials carried ...
The REB dosimetrists also are collaborating with the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to develop common methods of dose estimation for the Chornobyl studies and were actively involved in the activities of the United Nations Chernobyl Forum.
Cancer.gov
Proceedings of the First Symposium on the Nuclear Accident Dosimetry Programi Techniques and Uses are presented. Topics covered include justification of the general system, descriptions of gamma and neutron systems, energy-response calculations of threshold-detector unlts, radiation-leakage calculations for critical assemblies, radiation leakage ...
... Animals were irradiated with Co gamma rays to simulate the nonuniform irradiation which do occur in victims of radiation accidents. ...
... on biological dosimetry are included. Apart from direct medical care of radiation injuries, the socioeconomic problems associated with ... some of the recent radiological accidents and the medical care un...
What's Inside Home About the Accident Studies Dosimetry Selected Publications Events Research Staff Collaborators Oversight Research Opportunities Contact Us Useful Links Radiation Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics National
... A. G. Tsov'yanov. Retrospective Dosimetry of Accident Remediation Personnel at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Seda-Style, Kiev, 1996. Ministry of Atomic Energy of the USSR, Standards of Radiation Safet...
Accurate assessments of doses received by individuals exposed to radiation from nuclear accidents and incidents such as those at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Nevada test site, Cheliabinsk and Mayak are required for epidemiological studies seeking to establ...
Several definitions of a radiation emergency are given, and several improvements that should be made in emergency procedures are outlined. The AEC experience in radiation accidents and its methods for coping with them are described. Personnel dosimetry, exposures of rescue teams, and radiation surveying of large areas are discussed. (D.L.C.)
... or a medical accident or an act of terrorism, internalization of radionuclides poses a challenge for assessment ... wounds. Although seemingly intended primarily for radiological accident victims (work wa...
A comprehensive review of accident neutron dosimetry using blood and hair analysis was performed and is summarized in this report. Experiments and calculations were conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the University of Tennessee (UT) to ...
The 23rd nuclear accident dosimetry intercomparison was held during the week of June 12--16, 1995 at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This report presents the results of this event, referred to as NAD 23, as related to the performance of Sandia National La...
DOE installations possessing sufficient quantities of fissile material to potentially constitute a critical mass, such that the excessive exposure of personnel to radiation from a nuclear accident is possible, are required to provide nuclear accident dosimetry services. This document describes the personal nuclear ...
At 10:59 AM (PST), Saturday, April 7, 1962 a criticality accident occurred in a plutonium waste chemical recovery facility at the Hanford Atomic Products Operation, operated for the Atomic Energy Commission by the General Electric Company. Four men were hospitalized but were released after medical observation and after estimates of the radiation doses received were available. ...
The evaluation of the dose that a person received in a criticality accident can be difficult. Most accidents have occurred when the person was not wearing nuclear accident dosimetry and since the NRC no longer requires these dosimeters, future dose evaluations may have to be based on body activations and ...
The overview of the results of development, verification and application of the methods of individual retrospective physical dosimetry among population of settlements contaminated with radionuclides, which suffered from irradiation as a result of the accident in Chernobyl NPP, and among the population located in the vicinity of the Semipalatinsk nuclear ...
The author of this article discusses the world's most serious nuclear accident to date: the Chernobyl nuclear accident of April 1986. His major focus is on the short-term medical consequences of the accident, including reduction of exposure to persons at risk, evaluation of persons potentially affected, dosimetry, ...
PubMed Central
A system of dosimetry for persons involved in accidental criticality excursions is presented as part A of a two part report. The information is arranged to be useful as a reference for those responsible for implementing the system. Part A also contains a review and re-evaluation of the dosimetry of previous accidents and a ...
An experiment was organised at Harwell to test nuclear accident dosimetry (NAD) systems from some 17 laboratories in 13 countries. Dosimeters were irradiated by the Viper reactor at Aldermaston which gave a well moderated neutron spectrum with a broad pea...
This document contains the text of an oral presentation on dosimetry of analytical x-ray equipment presented at the Denver X-Ray Conference. Included are discussions of sources of background radiation, exposure limits from occupational sources, and the relationship of these sources to the high dose source of x-rays found in analytical machines. The mathematical basis of x-ray ...
General aspects of applying the method of retrospective dose estimation by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of human tooth enamel (EPR dosimetry) to the population residing in the vicinity of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site are analyzed and summarized. The analysis is based on the results obtained during 20 years of investigations conducted in the Medical ...
An international intercomparison of criticality accident dosimetry systems took place in the SILENE reactor, in June 2002. Participants from 60 laboratories irradiated their dosemeters (physical and biological) using two different configurations of the reactor. In preparation for this intercomparison, the leakage radiation fields were characterised by ...
The Seventeenth Nuclear Accident Dosimetry Intercomparison Study was conducted August 11-15, 1980, at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Nuclear criticality accidents with three different neutron and gamma ray energy spectra were simulated by operating the Health Physics Research Reactor in the pulse mode. Participants from 13 ...
Panasonic thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are used as the photon dose assessment part of the personal nuclear accident dosimeter (PNAD) and may be used for the same purpose with the fixed nuclear accident dosimeter (FNAD). To demonstrate compliance wi...
Ruder Boskovi? Institute (RBI) criticality dosimetry system consists of a chemical dosimetry system for measuring the total (neutron + gamma) dose, and a thermoluminescent (TL) dosimetry system for a separate determination of the gamma ray component. The use of the chemical dosemeter solution chlorobenzene-ethanol-trimethylpentane ...
The twenty-second in a series of criticality accident dosimetry intercomparison studies was conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Dosimetry Applications Research Facility during August 12-16, 1985. The Health Physics Research Reactor operated in the pulse mode over Storage Pit No. 1 was used to simulate three ...
The mission of the Savannah River Site (SRS) includes working with fissionable materials. A program is in place, therefore, to assess neutron and gamma doses to individuals in the event of a criticality accident at SRS. The program consists of a method to...
... context of accidental or intentional radiation exposures (nuclear ... teeth from the potential victims. Up to now, most studies focused on the ... ...
On September 2nd 1982 one of the employees of the gamma-irradiation facility at Institute for Energy Technology, Kjeller, Norway entered the irradiation cell with a 65.7 kCi *sp60*Co- source in unshielded position. The victim received an unknown radiation...
... and D. C. Lloyd. Easy biodosimetry for high-dose radiation exposure using drug-induced, prematurely condensed chromosomes. Int. J. ... OF RETROSPECTIVE DOSIMETRY TECHNIQUES FOR EXTERNAL IONISING RADIATION...
... an accidental intake of tritium (20) and for Chernobyl clean-up workers (21). Among several mathematical models ... protracted irradiation was highlighted by the Goiania and Chernobyl accidents (6, 7, 21,...
Radiation protection research programs are summarized. The main fields are: ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, radioactive wastes, radiation accidents, dosimetry, epidemiology, radiobiology and radioecology. (Atomindex citation 24:055145)
In order to obtain information on radiation doses to the intestine, doses were determined in dogs for beta-emitters that might be delivered to critical cells in the bowel in the event of an accident. Thermoluminescent dosimeters were implanted beneath the...
An overview of dose concepts (ion doses, energy doses, equivalent doses, GSD, effective equivalent doses) and of radiation exposure of humans with an appendix dealing with the additional radiation exposure brought about by the Chernobyl accident. (ERA cit...
In the intervening period since the first conception of the accident consequence model UFOMOD of the German Risk Study, new scientific information has accumulated. Important are the newest recommendations of the ICRP 30 concerning the calculation of the d...
... some recent accidents and the fear of radiological terrorism have led to the recognition that mutual assistance ... Coleman, C. N. and G. W. Parker. Radiation terrorism: what society needs from the radiob...
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) of tooth enamel is a relatively new technique for retrospective dosimetry that in the past two years has seen increasing effort towards its development and evaluation. Efforts have centered on determining the accuracy which may be achieved with current measurement techniques as well as the minimum doses detectable. The study ...
The present paper summarises the activity carried out at the ENEA Radiation Protection Institute for updating the methodologies employed for the evaluation of the neutron and photon dose to the exposed workers in case of a criticality accident, in the framework of the 'International Intercomparison of Criticality Accident Dosimetry ...
Retrospective dosimetry using glass has been investigated. Radiation-induced signals have been surveyed for a large number of watch glasses and display windows of mobile phones with TL and EPR techniques in order to study the variability of dosimetric properties among the different types of samples. Dose response, signal stability, and effects of storage conditions are ...
This work consists of two parts. In the first part, a phenomenon of phototransfer in Thermostimulated Exoelectronic Emission (T.S.E.E.) is pointed out. Study of intrinsic T.S.E.E. of alpha alumina exposed to ultraviolet (U.V.) excitation of energy superio...
An international intercomparison of nuclear accident dosimetry systems was conducted during September 12 to 16, 1983, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) using the Health Physics Research Reactor operated in the pulse mode to simulate criticality accidents. Participants measured neutron and gamma doses at area monitoring stations ...
The Nineteenth Nuclear Accident Dosimetry Intercomparison Study was held August 9 to 13, 1982, at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory using the Health Physics Research Reactor operated in the pulse mode to simulate nuclear criticality accidents. Participants from eight organizations measured neutron and gamma doses at air stations and on ...
The immediate medical response to the nuclear accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station involved containment of the radioactivity and evacuation of the nearby population. The next step consisted of assessment of the radiation dose received by individuals, based on biological dosimetry, and treatment of those exposed. Medical care involved treatment ...
The use of chlorobenzene-ethanol-trimethylpentane solution (CET) in radiation dosimetry is based on radiolytic formation of hydrochloric acid which protonates a pH indicator, thymolsulphonphthalein. The high molar absorptivity of its red form at 552nm is responsible for a high sensitivity of the system: doses in the range 0.2-15Gy can be measured. Together with a visual colour ...
In July 1995, LANL hosted an accident dosimetry intercomparison. When all reactors on the Oak Ridge Reservation were idled in 1988, the Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR), which had been used for 22 previous intercomparisons dating from 1965, was shut down for an indefinite period. The LANL group began characterization of two critical assemblies for ...
Two criticality dosimetry systems were tested by Czech participants during the intercomparison held in Valduc, France, June 2002. The first consisted of the thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) (Al-P glasses) and Si-diodes as passive neutron dosemeters. Second, it was studied to what extent the individual dosemeters used in the Czech routine personal ...
In criticality accident dosimetry and more generally for high dose measurements, special techniques are used to measure separately the gamma ray and neutron components of the dose. To improve these techniques and to check their dosimetry systems (physical and/or biological), a total of 60 laboratories from 29 countries (America, ...
The mission of the Savannah River Site (SRS) includes working with fissionable materials. A program is in place, therefore, to assess neutron and gamma doses to individuals in the event of a criticality accident at SRS. The program consists of a method to quickly screen for potentially exposed personnel, a method to provide early but preliminary dose estimates, and a nuclear ...
after the Chernobyl accident. Furthermore, additional prob- lems occur by using a single al., 1988), Chernobyl (Hiitt et al., 1993; Stoneham et al., 1993) and the Techa river banks (G6ksu et-power-line insula- tors, is a convenient material for accident dosimetry in a contaminated region such as Chernobyl
E-print Network
Ionizing radiation induces thermoluminescence in a large number of crystalline substances. Response linearity, reproducibility, a moderate fading, independence of energy values, etc. are determining factors in the use of this phenomenon for dosimetric purposes. Its possible practical application was examined in the case of cement with reference to gamma dosimetry in ...
The bibliography contains citations concerning the consequences of radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. Citations discuss radioactive monitoring, health hazards, and radiation dosimetry. Radiation contamination in the air, soil, vegetation, and food is examined. (Contains a minimum of 247 citations and includes a subject term ...
The bibliography contains citations concerning the consequences of radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. Citations discuss radioactive monitoring, health hazards, and radiation dosimetry. Radiation contamination in the air, soil, vegetation, and food is examined. (Contains 50-250 citations and includes a subject term index and ...
The bibliography contains citations concerning the consequences of radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. Citations discuss radioactive monitoring, health hazards, and radiation dosimetry. Radiation contamination in the air, soil, vegetation, and food is examined. (Contains a minimum of 210 citations and includes a subject term ...
The bibliography contains citations concerning the consequences of radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. Citations discuss radioactive monitoring, health hazards, and radiation dosimetry. Radiation contamination in the air, soil, vegetation, and food is examined. (Contains a minimum of 208 citations and includes a subject term ...
The bibliography contains citations concerning the impact of radiation accidents on humans. Citations discuss exposure assessment, malfunction and misuse of radiation sources, dosimetry, radiation epidemiology, radiation-induced neoplasms, and nuclear facility licensing. Environmental and occupational exposures, case studies, nuclear fallout, and radiation ...
