+ levels are low, possibly making HK1 vital for the physiological fitness of this freshwater organism whether its expression is regulated during freshwater exposure or ion regulation. Characterising stingray CO2 but is higher in fish acclimated to freshwater than those acclimated to seawater ...

Climate Change Hurricane Science Mangrove Ecology Marsh Management and Restoration Plant Community Dynamics Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Tidal Freshwater Forests Staff...

, shoalgrass (Halodule wrightii). Only widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima) from an area rich in dissolved carbon

Predicting direct impact of cold shock on aquatic organisms after termination of power plant thermal discharges requires thermal tests that provide quantitative data on the resistance of acclimated species to lower temperatures. Selected examples from the literature on cold shock resistance of freshwater and marine fishes are illustrated to show predictive ...

Marsh Management and Restoration Plant Community Dynamics Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Tidal Freshwater Forests Staff Profiles Spatial Analysis Spatial Analysis Overview...

Most experimental procedures on molluscs are done after acclimatization of wild animals to lab conditions. Similarly, short-term acclimation is often unavoidable in a field survey when biological analysis cannot be done within the day of sample collection. However, acclimatization can affect the general physiological condition and particularly the immune cell responses of ...

Background and AimsConcomitant increases in O₂ and irradiance upon de-submergence can cause photoinhibition and photo-oxidative damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. As energy and carbohydrate supply from photosynthesis is needed for growth, it was hypothesized that post-submergence growth recovery may require efficient ...

Temperature tolerance, avoidance, and preference of a freshwater sculpin, Cottus cognatus gracilis, are described for fish acclimated to constant temperatures ranging from 5 to 20/sup 0/C. Critical thermal maxima varied from 23.5/sup 0/C for fish acclimated to 5 C, to 29.4 C for fish acclimated to 20 C. Incipient ...

Gas exchange between the plant and the environment is severely hampered when plants are submerged, leading to oxygen and energy deficits. A straightforward way to reduce these shortages of oxygen and carbohydrates would be continued photosynthesis under water, but this possibility has received only little attention. Here, we combine several techniques to investigate the ...

Survival and growth of terrestrial plants is negatively affected by complete submergence. This is mainly the result of hampered gas exchange between plants and their environment, since gas diffusion is severely reduced in water compared with air, resulting in O2 deficits which limit aerobic respiration. The continuation of photosynthesis could probably alleviate ...

Cold hardiness of the freshwater apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, varies seasonally. We investigated lethal factors and physiological changes arising from exposure of P. canaliculata to low temperatures. Snails did not survive freezing. The supercooling point of cold-acclimated (cold tolerant) snails (-6.6+/-0.8 degrees C) did not differ significantly ...

Submergence-tolerant rice maintains viability during complete submergence by limiting underwater elongation until floodwaters recede. Acclimation responses to submergence are coordinated by the submergence-inducible Sub1A, which encodes an ethylene-responsive factor-type transcription factor ...

The reductive dechlorination of chlorophenols (CPs) in sediment slurries (10% solids) adapted to dechlorinate mono- and di-CPs (DCP) was investigated to define the regiospecificity of the dechlorination reaction. Unadapted sediment slurries amended with v...

The relationship of mercury resistance to the concentration and chemical speciation of mercurial compounds was evaluated for microbial communities of mercury-polluted and control waters. Methodologies based on the direct viable counting (DVC) method were developed to enumerate me...

Adaptive divergence may be facilitated if morphological and behavioural traits associated with local adaptation share the same genetic basis. It is therefore important to determine whether genes underlying adaptive morphological traits are associated with variation in behaviour in natural populations. Positive selection on low-armour alleles at the Ectodysplasin (Eda) locus in threespine ...

Adaptive divergence may be facilitated if morphological and behavioural traits associated with local adaptation share the same genetic basis. It is therefore important to determine whether genes underlying adaptive morphological traits are associated with variation in behaviour in natural populations. Positive selection on low-armour alleles at the Ectodysplasin (Eda) locus in threespine ...

In this study, we aimed to establish an experimental model to study the role of the gill mitochondrion-rich cells (MRCs) of freshwater fish in Na(+) uptake and to examine the effect of adjusting external Na(+) and Cl(-) ions on selected ion transporters in gill MRCs. Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) acclimated to deionized (DI) water for 2 weeks were ...

Acclimation of microbial communities exposed to p-nitrophenol (PNP) was measured in laboratory test systems and in a freshwater pond. Laboratory tests were conducted in shake flasks with water, shake flasks with water and sediment, eco-cores, and two sizes of microcosm. The sediment and water samples used in the laboratory experiments were obtained from ...

... In the Sudd swamps of the Nile in southern Sudan, H. letourneuxi occupies both open water and submerged ... communities in the perennial wetland of the Sudd, southern Sudan. Freshwater Biology 16:695�709....

... respectively). The most frequently found submerged species were Elodea nuttallii (in 4 subtidal and 31 intertidal samples) and ... water, indicating greatest tolerance to exposure, were Callitriche, Elode...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of aquatic vegetation, emergent and submergent, on water quality of designated sections of the tidal freshwater Delaware Estuary. For the purpose of this study, we define water quality as dissolved ox...

Few studies have examined changes in salmon gill ion transporter expression during the transition from seawater to freshwater, a pivotal moment in the salmonid life cycle. Seawater-acclimated Atlantic salmon were transferred to freshwater and blood and gill tissue were sampled over 30 days of acclimation. Salmon ...

Copper (Cu) is an abundant trace metal, and although essential at low levels, it is also potentially toxic to aquatic organisms. Mechanisms of toxicity and consequences of exposure vary depending on ionoregulatory status (acclimated to freshwater or salt water). The goal of this research was to examine the responses of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops ...

Forty-eight-hour acute toxicity tests were performed to determine the influence of acclimation temperature (5, 15, and 20 C) and exposure temperature (5, 15, and 20 C) on the toxicity of cadmium to the freshwater gastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Mortality varied with cadmium concentration and treatment conditions, but did not conform to conventional ...

The successful migration of euryhaline teleost fish from freshwater to seawater requires the upregulation of gill Na+-K+-ATPase, an ion transport enzyme located in the basolateral membrane (BLM) of gill chloride cells. Following 39 days of seawater exposure, Arctic char had similar plasma sodium and chloride levels as individuals maintained in freshwater, ...

Species profiles are literature summaries of the taxonomy, morphology, range, life history, and environmental requirements of coastal aquatic species. They are prepared to assist in environmental impact assessment. The Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) is an important link in estuarine food webs as an opportunistic omnivore and as forage for large piscivores such as striped bass (Morone ...

media Plantago lanceolata Plantago major Plantago media Rumex obtusifolius Rumex crispus var. littoreus Rumex crispus var. trigranulatus Rumex acetosella Plantago major Plantago rugelii Plantago coronopus. Components and regulation of a natural population of Rumex acetosella. - J. Ecol. 56: 421-431. Pysek, P

The green sturgeon is a long-lived, highly migratory species with populations that are currently listed as threatened. Their anadromous life history requires that they make osmo- and ionoregulatory adjustments in order to maintain a consistent internal milieu as they move between fresh-, brackish-, and seawater. We acclimated juvenile green sturgeon (121 +/- 10.0 g) to 0 ...

Saltwater crocodiles, Crocodylus porosus, possess lingual salt glands which function to remove excess Na(+) and Cl(-) accumulated as a consequence of living in salt water. Little is known about the nature of ion transport systems in C. porosus salt glands and how these systems respond to an osmotic challenge. In the present study, we examined the distribution and regulation of the ...

Submergence and drought are major constraints to rice (Oryza sativa) production in rain-fed farmlands, both of which can occur sequentially during a single crop cycle. SUB1A, an ERF transcription factor found in limited rice accessions, dampens ethylene production and gibberellic acid responsiveness during submergence, economizing carbohydrate reserves and ...

Submergence and drought are major constraints to rice (Oryza sativa) production in rain-fed farmlands, both of which can occur sequentially during a single crop cycle. SUB1A, an ERF transcription factor found in limited rice accessions, dampens ethylene production and gibberellic acid responsiveness during submergence, economizing carbohydrate reserves and ...

In the tidal freshwater Hudson River submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) occupies on average 6 percent of the river area with much greater coverage in the mid Hudson (Kingston-Hudson) and much lower areal coverage south of Hyde Park. The native water celery ( Vallisneria americana...

In teleost fishes, increases in gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity accompanying the transition from fresh water to sea water may be attributed to changes in either the numbers of enzyme molecules present or to turnover number (k(cat)). The sensitivity of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase to its chemical/physical environment in the membrane makes it plausible that modulation of enzyme activity may be driven, in part, ...

Submergence-1 (Sub1), a major quantitative trait locus affecting tolerance to complete submergence in lowland rice (Oryza sativa), contains two or three ethylene response factor (ERF)�like genes whose transcripts are regulated by submergence. In the submergence-intolerant japonica cultivar M202, this locus ...

Next to the benthic and pelagic compartments, the epiphyton of submerged macrophytes may offer an additional niche for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in shallow freshwater lakes. In this study, we explored the potential activities and community compositions of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the epiphytic, benthic, and pelagic compartments of seven shallow ...

Gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) in teleost fishes is involved in ion regulation in both freshwater and seawater. We have developed and validated rabbit polyclonal antibodies specific to the NKA alpha1a and alpha1b protein isoforms of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus), and used western blots and immunohistochemistry to characterize their size, abundance and localization. The ...

Our investigations indicate the existence of binding sites for [3H]SCH23390 on crude membrane preparations in the anterior and posterior gills of the Chinese crab, Eriocheir sinensis acclimated to freshwater (FW) or seawater (SW). Maximum specific binding in the posterior gills is always higher than in the anterior gills, independent of saline ...

Painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) survive months of anoxic submergence, which is associated with large changes in the extracellular milieu where pH falls by 1, while extracellular K+, Ca++, and adrenaline levels all increase massively. While the effect of each of these changes in the extracellular environment on the heart has been previously characterized in isolation, little ...

This study examined the osmoregulatory status of the euryhaline elasmobranch Carcharhinus leucas acclimated to freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW). Juvenile C. leucas captured in FW (3 mOsm l(-1) kg(-1)) were acclimated to SW (980-1,000 mOsm l(-1) kg(-1)) over 16 days. A FW group was maintained in captivity over a similar time period. In ...

We identified and investigated the changes in expression of two gill Na(+), K(+)-ATPase ?-subunit isoforms (?-1a and ?-1b) in relationship with salinity acclimation in a cichlid fish, Mozambique tilapia. Transfer of freshwater (FW)-acclimated fish to seawater (SW) resulted in a marked reduction in ?-1a expression within 24?h and a ...

The acanthocephalan parasite Polymorphus minutus induces both physiological and behavioural effects in its intermediate host, Gammarus pulex. The net effect of parasite infection is to increase the likelihood of transmission to the definitive host. Osmoregulation is an energetically expensive mechanism that allows G. pulex to survive in dilute media. Any factor influencing osmoregulation is thus ...

Euryhaline teleosts such as Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) are able to acclimate to changing environmental salinity by tightly regulating NaCl absorption and secretion across their gills. Many studies have examined the mechanisms responsible for long-term (days) salinity acclimation; however, much remains unknown about the mechanisms of acute ...

Freshwater bodies at several parts of the globe are presently undergoing progressive acidification due to acid precipitation and acid mine drainage. Significant changes under altered pH stress includes reduced primary production of algal biomass, benthic communities and rapid decline in fish populations. Studies dealing with the physiological responses of fish to acidic and ...

In water of varying ion content, the gills and kidney of fishes contribute significantly to the maintenance of salt and water balance. However, little is known about the molecular architecture of the tight junction (TJ) complex and the regulation of paracellular permeability characteristics in these tissues. In the current studies, puffer fish (Tetraodon biocellatus) were ...

The thermal tolerance of adult Haliotis cracherodii acclimated to 11.5/sup 0/C and 16/sup 0/C was determined for animals exposed to constant temperatures during continuous submergence and to fluctuating temperatures during a simulated tidal cycle. Loss of the ability of an abalone to hold a surface constituted ecological death. The response to elevated ...

The role of biological activities in the reduction and volatilization of Hg(II) from a polluted pond was investigated. Elemental mercury was evolved from pond water immediately following spiking with (203) Hg(NO3)2, whereas an acclimation period of 36 hou...

Summer storms along the Antarctic Peninsula can cause microhabitats of the terrestrial midge Belgica antarctica to become periodically inundated with seawater from tidal spray. As microhabitats dry, larvae may be exposed to increasing concentrations of seawater. Alternatively, as a result of melting snow or following rain, larvae may be immersed in freshwater for extended ...

The reductive dechlorination of chlorophenols (CPs) in sediment slurries (10% solids) adapted to dechlorinate mono- and di-CPs (DCP) was investigated to define the regiospecificity of the dechlorination reaction. nadapted sediment slurries amended with various ortho-substituted C...

acclimation Trachemys scripta Certain vertebrates, such as freshwater turtles of the genus Chrysemys Red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta) Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) Effect of anoxia Effect and Trachemys and crucian carp (Carassius carassius), have anoxia-tolerant hearts that continue to function

Acclimation of microbial communities exposed to p-nitrophenol (PNP) was measured in laboratory test systems and in a freshwater pond. Laboratory tests were conducted in shake flasks with water, shake flasks with water and sediment, eco-cores, and two sizes of microcosm. The sedim...

Eel aquaculture is capture based and thus dependent on the fishery for juvenile glass eels. This fishery typically takes place in estuaries where salinity varies and ammonia levels can be elevated. Also, during capture and transport glass eels are kept at high densities and ammonia from endogenous production can increase to toxic levels. Ammonia is known to have detrimental effects on fish growth ...

Since its introduction in South America around 1990, the freshwater mussel Limnoperna fortunei has become a major fouling pest for most industrial plants that use raw river or lake water, chiefly for cooling purposes. We assessed the tolerance of the mussel to upper lethal temperatures as an economical and environmentally innocuous method of controlling its fouling in ...

We investigated the effect of environmental salinity on the upper thermal tolerance of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris), a threatened species whose natural habitat is vulnerable to temperature and salinity variation as a result of global climate change. Freshwater (FW)-reared sturgeon were gradually acclimated to salinities representing FW, estuary ...