This study calculates the reduced uranium requirements and the economic incentives for increasing the burnup of current design LWR fuels from the current range of 25 to 35 MWD/Kg to a range of 45 to 55 MWD/Kg. The changes in fuel management strategies which may be required to accommodate these high burnup fuels and longer fuel cycles are discussed. The ...

Information is presented under the following chapter headings: executive summary; LWR plant outages; LWR plant construction delays and cancellations; programs addressing plant outages, construction delays, and cancellations; need for additional programs to remedy continuing problems; criteria for government role in LWR ...

The Department of Energy has sponsored a number of cask design efforts to define several transportation casks to accommodate the various assemblies expected to be accepted by the Federal Waste Management System. At this time, three preliminary cask designs have been selected for the final design--the GA-4 and GA-9 truck casks and the BR-100 rail cask. In total, this assessment ...

By 2003, the year the US Department of Energy (DOE) currently predicts a repository will be available, 58 domestic commercial nuclear-power plant units are expected to run out of wet storage space for LWR spent fuel. To alleviate this problem, utilities implemented advances in storage methods that increased storage capacity as well as reduced the rate of ...

This quarterly report describes studies to provide information needed to close the back end of the commercial light-water reactor (LWR) fuel cycle. These efforts are directed primarily at reprocessing and recycle of uranium and plutonium from spent LWR fu...

Volume 2 contains chapters 6 through 10: environmental effects related to radioactive waste management associated with LWR fuel reprocessing - mixed-oxide fuel fabrication plant; environmental effects related to transporting radioactive wastes associated with LWR fuel reprocessing and fabrication; environmental effects related to radioactive waste ...

An experimental investigation of fission product release from commercial LWR fuel under accident conditions is being conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This work, which is sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), is an extension of earlier experiments up to 1600/sup 0/C and is designed to obtain the experimental data needed ...

Between March 1 and June 15, 1980, the declared size of the commercial light waste reactor (LWR) nuclear power industry in the US has decreased another 9 GWe. For the presently declared size: the 165 declared reactors will peak at a capacity of 153 GWe in...

During the last five years, the declared size of the commercial light water reactor (LWR) nuclear power industry in the US has steadily decreased. As of January 1980, the total number of power plants had dropped to 191 from the 226 in December 31, 1974. A...

This is the third quarterly progress report. The LWR Fuel Recycle Program is designed to assist in the commercialization of the LWR fuel cycle. Included in this program are both activities in support of specific design studies and other activities of more general applicability to fuel recycle technology. The following are reported in ...

The LWR Fuel Recycle Program is designed to provide information needed by industry to close the back end of the commercial light water reactor (LWR) fuel cycle. Included in this program are activities in support of specific design studies as well as activities with more general application to fuel recycle technology: economic and ...

This report describes a workshop designed to introduce participants to a process, or model, for adapting LWR Safety Standards and Analysis Methods for use on rector designs significantly different than LWR. The focus of the workshop is on the ``Lessons Learned`` from the multi-year experience in the operation of N Reactor and the efforts to adapt the ...

Nondestructive techniques for characterizing irradiated LWR fuel assemblies are discussed. This includes detection systems that measure the axial activity profile, neutron yield and gamma yield. A multi-element profile monitor has been developed that offers a significant improvement in speed and complexity over existing mechanical scanning systems. New portable detectors and ...

By 2003, the year the US Department of Energy (DOE) currently predicts a repository will be available, 58 domestic commercial nuclear-power plant units are expected to run out of wet storage space for LWR spent fuel. To alleviate this problem, utilities i...

The NRC physics-dosimetry compendium (Sections 1.0 through 4.0) is a collation of information and data developed from available research and commercial light water reactor vessel surveillance program (RVSP) documents and related surveillance capsule repor...

Interim dry storage of commercially produced light water reactor (LWR) fuel is addressed in this document. Existing and proposed demonstrations and conceptual designs are presented. Design, operation, and cost of vaults (canyons), casks, concrete silos, and drywells (caissons) are discussed. In addition, descriptions of completed and proposed fuel ...

This quarterly report describes studies to provide information needed to close the back end of the commercial light-water reactor (LWR) fuel cycle. These efforts are directed primarily at reprocessing and recycle of uranium and plutonium from spent LWR fuel. Research is reported in the following categories: environmental studies, fuel ...

Progress is reported on development programs in the management of radioactive waste from spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. Studies are reported on ERDA wastes generated at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant and on simulated wastes from commercial LWR fuel...

While present US policy precludes the commercial reprocessing of LWR fuels and the recycle of plutonium, the policy does encompass the need to continue a program to develop the technology for reprocessing breeder fuels. Some questions have again risen thi...

The objective of the program described in this plan is to estimate the potential value of various configurations of plant design measures and damage control measures in providing protection against sabotage at commercial light water reactor (LWR) plants a...

Generation IV type fast reactors (FR) are expected to be commercially deployed instead of light water reactors (LWR) from around 2050. Replacement of LWR to FR needs flexibility due to uncertain factors such as FR deployment rate which affects the FR fuel (Pu) supply amount from LWR spent fuel reprocessing and the ...

As part of the decommissioning of the 324 Building Radiochemical Engineering Cells there is a need to remove commercial Light Water Reactor (LWR) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) presently stored in these hot cells. To enable fuel removal from the hot cells, the commercial LWR SNF will be packaged and shipped to the 200 ...

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is making significant effort to accommodate

to include a large sample of commercial pilots so that their accommodation ... sory cells of the inner ear and produce consequent hearing loss. Research ...

Researchers used alternating treatment designs to investigate the effects of listening-while-reading (LWR) and listening interventions on comprehension levels and rates in four middle school students with emotional disorders. During LWR, students were instructed to read passages silently along with experimenters. During the listening condition, we did not ...

Differences and similarities in severe accident progression and phenomena between commercial Light Water Reactors (LWR) and metal-fueled isotopic production Heavy Water Reactors (HWR) are described. It is very important to distinguish between accident progression in the two systems because each reactor type behaves in a unique manner to a fuel melting ...

Word reading accommodations are commonly applied in the general education setting in an attempt to improve student comprehension and learning of curriculum content. This study examined the effects of listening-while-reading (LWR) and silent reading (SR) using text-to-speech assistive technology on the comprehension of 25 middle-school remedial readers. ...

The Characteristics Data Base (CDB) task provides OCRWM with the detailed technical characteristics of potential repository wastes, which consist primarily of commercial spent nuclear fuel, but also includes other spent fuel (and also high-level and miscellaneous wastes). A major revision of the original CDB report and PC data bases has just been completed under formal QA peer ...

Commercial power reactor operating experience and regulatory practice in the United States is dominated by Light Water Reactor (LWR) technology. This experience base and regulatory structure is a point of departure for the development of any future nuclear option, and must be understood and utilized as appropriate. This report discusses experience with ...

A study was conducted to identify major legal and institutional problems and issues in the transportation of spent fuel and associated processing wastes at the back end of the LWR nuclear fuel cycle. (Most of the discussion centers on the transportation of spent fuel, since this activity will involve virtually all of the legal and institutional problems likely to be ...

Fission product release tests were performed with light water reactor (LWR) fuel rod segments containing large amounts of cesium and iodine in the pellet-to-cladding gap space in order to check the validity of the previously published Source Term Model for this type of fuel. The model describes the release of fission product cesium and iodine from LWR fuel ...

Actual construction cost data for early U. S. LWR's and sodium-cooled reactor power plants, after normalization with respect to rating, economic conditions, and technical content, show the sodium-cooled systems to cost no more than 38 percent above LWR's. However, more recent French experience with larger units has shown the cost ...

A comprehensive fission-product release model (GRASS), based on a mechanistic understanding of fuel behavior in LWR fuel elements for a wide range of accidental overheating conditions as well as steady-state irradiations, is being developed at Argonne National Laboratory. Experimental support for GRASS is provided by out-of-reactor transient heating of irradiated ...

Unlike its predecessors, the N Reactor at the Hanford Site in Washington State was designed to produce electricity for civilian energy use as well as weapons-grade plutonium. This paper describes the major problems associated with applying safety analysis methodologies developed for commercial light water reactors (LWR) to a unique reactor like the N ...

As a consequence of this country's non-proliferation policy, the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel has been delayed indefinitely. This has resulted in spent light water reactor (LWR) fuel being considered as a potential waste form for disposal. Since the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is currently developing methodologies for use in the regulation of the ...

Samples of commercial LWR fuel have been heated under simulated accident conditions to determine the extent and the chemical forms of fission product release. This project was sponsored by the USNRC under a broad program of reactor safety studies. Of the five tests discussed, the fractional releases of Kr, I, and Cs varied from approx. 2% at 1400/sup 0/C ...

Segments from commercial LWR fuel rods have been tested at temperatures between 1400 and 2000/sup 0/C in a flowing steam-helium atmosphere to simulate severe accident conditions. The primary goals of the tests were to determine the rate of fission product release and to characterize the chemical behavior. This paper is concerned primarily with the ...

The Characteristics Data Base (CDB) is sponsored by the DOE's Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM). The CDB provides a single, comprehensive source of data pertaining to radioactive wastes that will or may require geologic disposal, including detailed data describing the physical, quantitative, and radiological characteristics of light-water reactor ...

Close-packed storage of LWR fuel assemblies is needed in order to expand the capacity of existing underwater storage pools. This increased capacity is required to accommodate the large volume of spent fuel produced by prolonged onsite storage. To provide benchmark criticality data in support of this effort, 20 critical assemblies were constructed that ...

The U.S. government announced in February 2006 the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) to expand the use of nuclear energy to meet increasing global energy demand, to address nuclear waste management concerns and to promote non-proliferation. The advanced burner reactor (ABR) based on a fast spectrum is one of the three major technologies to be demonstrated in GNEP. In FY06, a pre-conceptual ...

... navigation system will accommodate real-time tactical displays, using both the AN/VSQ-1 Position Locating Reporting System (PLRS) with GPS ...

... (3) Antimony: commercial grade ... well just under the indium (or tin) cavity accommodates ... made to an external ohmmeter through lead-throughs, and ...

Most of the modern noncoherent pulse transponders available today are the result of commercial development with guidance from the US government in terms of specifications or user requirements. These standards are written to accommodate the present state-o...

on Lunar Bases and Space Activities can be accommodated, a frequency ...... J. E , and Kulcinski. G. L (1986). Lunar source of He-3 for commercial ...

...accommodation or a commercial facility that affects or could affect the usability of the building or facility or any part thereof. ...electrical systems are not alterations unless they affect the usability of the building or facility. (2) If existing...

can give rise to lasting disturbances Conclusions #12;distance timet t + dt t + 2dt Vehicle Trajectories exists between them This interface travels along the roadway in a predictable manner uAB u = =AB qA q- B with an incident A AA uAC uAC C C u = q k A uAB uAB uAC C B B #12;Lighthill Whitham and Richards (LWR) Theory flow

bottomfish further burden the area's commercial fishers. Commercial clamming, oystering, and shrimping were all relatively successful in the Tillamook Bay area in the 1990s. In recent years the shrimp industry' and `Health care and social assistance.' and 9.8% worked in `Accommodation and food services.' A total of 12

ADS is using a commercially available solvent reclamation system to recycle 95-97 percent of the Freon used in total petroleum hydrocarbon analyses. ADS has further developed the commercially available solvent reclamation system to accommodate radioactive...

Reducing energy costs can be the most profitable investment available today to owners and managers of commercial buildings. This booklet discusses alternative financial and management approaches that an owner or manager can use to accommodate different bu...

Title III is the portion of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) that prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability by public accommodations and commercial facilities. A commercial facility is one whose operations affect commerce, and one which...

This report describes progress on four different projects in the fission reactor area that have been supported by the grant during the past year. These projects are: Accelerator transmutation of nuclear waste (Steve Pearson); neutronic analysis of the Ford Nuclear Reactor (Brent Renkema); developing Monte Carlo benchmarks for commercial LWR configurations ...

This report has been prepared to provide updated transportation information on light water reactor (LWR) spent fuel in the United States. Historical data are presented on the quantities of spent fuel shipped from individual reactors on an annual basis and...

A testing program using eight commercial pressurized water reactor and boiling water reactor spent fuel rods was conducted to investigate their long-term stability under a variety of possible dry storage conditions. The objective of this project was to pr...

A testing program using eight commercial pressurized-water-reactor (PWR) and boiling-water-reactor (BWR) spent fuel rods was conducted to investigate their long-term stability under a variety of possible dry storage conditions. The objective of this proje...

The Fissile Materials Disposition Program (FMDP) is investigating the use of weapons grade plutonium in mixed oxide (MOX) fuel for light-water reactors (LWR). Commercial MOX fuel has been successfully used in overseas reactors for many years; however, wea...

Purpose of the FPIP is to develop and demonstrate commercially viable light water reactor fuel designs which have improved pellet-cladding interaction behavior compared to standard LWR fuel. The performance of experimental fuel rods containing annular and...

A 1000 MWth commercial-scale Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR) design with a conversion ratio (CR) of 0.50 was selected in this study to perform perturbations on the external feed coming from Light Water Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel (LWR SNF) and separation groupin...

For HTGR commercialization studies, an LWR/HTGR Technology Transfer program was devised. Candidate programs were identified out of a total of 208 EPRI NPD (Nuclear Power Division) projects. Of these, 26 project areas presented the highest probability for technology transfer. (DLC)

Pacific Northwest Laboratory studies, aimed at defining appropriate glass compositions for future disposal of high-level wastes, have developed composition ranges for the waste that will likely result during reprocessing of Light Water Reactor (LWR) and L...

Early commercialization of the breeder reactor has been justified in terms of its promise for lessening a nation's dependence on imported uranium. The relationship between breeder timing (assuming a vigorous but not instantaneous breeder penetration rate) and the reduction in uranium requirements is examined using Japan as an example. Comparing early and delayed ...

This Conversion and Blending Facility (CBF) will have two missions: (1) convert HEU materials into pure HEU oxide and (2) blend the pure HEU oxide with depleted and natural uranium oxide to produce an LWR grade LEU product. The primary emphasis of this blending operation will be to destroy the weapons capability of large, surplus stockpiles of HEU. The blended LEU product can ...

This report describes the Conversion and Blending Facility (CBF) which will have two missions: (1) convert surplus HEU materials to pure HEU UF{sub 6} and a (2) blend the pure HEU UF{sub 6} with diluent UF{sub 6} to produce LWR grade LEU-UF{sub 6}. The primary emphasis of this blending be to destroy the weapons capability of large, surplus stockpiles of HEU. The blended LEU ...

The actual batch loading of mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel in light water reactors (LWRs) is now ready to start in Japan. One of the efforts that have been devoted to realizing this batch loading has been validation of the nuclear design methods calculating the MOX-fuel-loaded LWR core characteristics. This paper summarizes the validation work for the applicability of the ...

Severe accident behavior in Al-U metal-fueled production reactors is sufficiently different from commercial oxide-fueled reactors that an ongoing research and development (R and D) effort is needed to resolve issues specific to metal-fueled systems. The severe-accident program at the Savannah River Site (SRS) is based on light water reactor (LWR) ...

The accident at the Three Mile Island unit 2 coincided with a shift in perspective on commercial light water reactor (LWR) safety from one that emphasized design-basis accidents to one that emphasized an increasing concern for low-probability severe accidents. This shift in emphasis was reflected in the research programs initiated by the U.S. Nuclear ...

The only method currently licensed for storing domestic commercial light water reactor (LWR) fuel is wet storage (i.e., in water-filled pools). Activities are under way to license dry storage; however, utilities will continue to store most spent LWR fuel in pools. Therefore, it is important for wet storage technology to function well ...

A standardized interface has been developed for the integration and accommodation of secondary payloads on to Orbital Sciences Corporation's StarBus line of GEO-based commercial communications satellites. This standardized interface through hardware adaptations and methodology incorporates all the major subsystems of the spacecraft and will allow for a ...

The behavior of aerosols assumed to be characteristic of those generated during light water reactor (LWR) accident sequences and released into containment is being studied. Recent activities in the ORNL Aerosol Release and Transport Project include studies of (1) the thermal hydraulic conditions existing during Nuclear Safety Pilot Plant (NSPP) aerosol tests in steam-air ...

Commercial off the shelf (COTS) liquid crystal displays are attractive as an alternative to LCDs that are custom designed and manufactured for the military environment. Commercial displays require significant modification to accommodate their use. This paper describes specific modifications that create a thermal cocoon around a nominal ...

... Accession Number : ADA275326. Title : Evaluation of Methods for Decladding LWR Fuel for a Pyroprocessing-Based Reprocessing Plant. ...

For many years various countries with access to commercial reprocessing services have been routinely recycling plutonium as UO{sub 2}/PuO{sub 2} mixed oxide (MOX) fuel in light water reactors (LWRs). This LWR MOX recycle strategy is still widely regarded as an interim step leading to the eventual establishment of sustainable fast reactor fuel cycles. The ...

Annular-coated (graphite)-pressurized and sphere-pac fuel rod designs, which are expected to exhibit improved PCI-failure resistance, and, thus, more reliable extended burnup performance, are being developed. Data sufficient to provide the technical bases needed to license lead test assemblies of the improved designs for irradiation in commercial LWRs are being obtained. ...

The Three Mile Island (TMI-2) core examination is divided into four stages: (1) before removing the head; (2) before removing the plenum; (3) during defueling; and (4) offsite examinations. Core examinations recommended during the first three stages are primarily devoted to documenting the post-accident condition of the core. The detailed analysis of core damage structures will be performed during ...

This report gives an assessment of several dry modes for interim storage of commercial light water reactor (LWR) spent fuel and recommends the dry well concept. The Dry Storage Facility (DSF) will receive, encapsulate, and store the canisterized spent fuel in vertical dry wells located near the ground surface. The canisters are designed to be retrievable. ...

From international nuclear industries fair; Basel, Switzerland (16 Oct 1972). The Belgian program on Pu recycle covers both the PWR's and the BWR's. The main results obtained on fuels for BR 3, SENA, DODE-WAARD, GARIGLIANO, etc... are summarized with reference to more detailed technical literature. Adequate know-how and fabrication capacity is available for the Belgian ...

FBR activities in france are carried out in the frame work of the European cooperation with the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom. The goal of this cooperation is to define the design of a commercial size (1500 MWe) unit, called European fast Reactor (EFR) which could be introduced in any of 3 countries provided that the economic competiveness with equivalent ...

A 1000 MWth commercial-scale Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR) design with a conversion ratio (CR) of 0.50 was selected in this study to perform perturbations on the external feed coming from Light Water Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel (LWR SNF) and separation groupings in the reprocessing scheme. A secondary SFR design with a higher conversion ratio (CR=0.75) was also ...

The releases of krypton and cesium from highly irradiated LWR fuel have been examined in detail. The main interest has been the effect of time on the rate of release and the effects of heatup and cooldown cycles. The minute-by-minute release rates for fission product /sup 85/Kr from commercial fuel irradiated in the H.B. Robinson PWR are shown. The release ...

This paper focuses on the comparative economics of fast breeder reactors versus light water reactors and develops an internally consistent set of financial techniques whereby a utility may determine and compare the costs of generating power with either system. The general methodology is used here to estimate the break-even capital costs for the breeder as a function of future uranium prices but is ...

This study is prepared to provide a basis for projecting and substantiating near and immediate-term improvements in the Light Water Reactor (LWR) resource utilization. The evaluation is described in three parts: (1) History of LWR (2) Fuel Utilization: A brief history of LWR fuel burnup experience, with interpretation/extrapolation to ...

According to the Japan's Framework for Nuclear Energy Policy(1), a basic scenario for fast breeder reactors (FBRs) is that they will be introduced on a commercial basis starting around 2050 replacing light water reactors (LWRs). During the FBR introduction period, the Pu from LWR spent fuel is used for FBR startup. Howerver, the FBR core loaded with this ...

Headwater streams represent a majority (up to 70%) of the stream length in the United States; however, these small streams are often piped or filled to accommodate residential, commercial, and industrial development. Legal protection of headwater streams under the Clean Water Ac...

A headspace analysis attachment for a Varian model 3700 gas chromatograph is described. The attachment differs from most commercial headspace attachments in the size sample bottle that it can accommodate. Graphical data obtained using the attachment is given.

The conceptual design of an electric vehicle is presented. The vehicle has been designed to accommodate a number of alternate drive trains. The initial drive will consist of commercially available dc components; more advanced drives may be installed to upgrade the performance.

The high temperature Michelson-type refractometer was modified during this work. Specifically, an additional vacuum chamber was installed to accommodate a commercial monochromator. In addition, the mirror mounts in the Michelson interferometer were change...