Phenotype and commitment of thymus-colonizing precursors are unknown. Here we report the identification of T lineage-committed precursors (designated prothymocytes) in murine fetal blood at day 15.5 of development. Fetal blood pro-thymocytes are Thy-1+c-kit(low)CD3- in contrast to fetal blood-derived pluripotent hematopoietic progenitors which are Thy-1-c-kit+. Upon transfer ...
PubMed Central
In this report GAO encourages DOD to reduce computer software proliferation and accompanying high costs by taking advantage of opportunities to use a standard programming language. GAO believes that DOD could more effectively achieve this objective by eva...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This report discusses indicators and observables that might be present from various phases of a nuclear weapon development effort. The indicators themselves are accompanied by some general discussions of what is likely to be observable by inspection or sa...
Accompanying the proliferation of computer networks has been a movement to connect them into cooperating internets. However, when attempting to so, the different protocols used to satisfy these once isolated networks are found to incompatible. Due to its ...
The study of electromagnetic propagation in conducting media has grown considerably in the last two decades and has been accompanied by the usual proliferation of published results in both the open literature and the reports of government and industry. It...
Whilst agreeing that the utilisation of plutonium must be accompanied by measures to reduce proliferation risks and that international safeguards already exist, the view is expressed that each country has the right to retain and use plutonium for research...
Within the last decade, advances in biotechnology, especially in genetic engineering techniques, have opened the door to new and innovative ways to solve human health issues. Accompanying advances made in the last few years in the field of 'biopharming' o...
Tumor progression induces the growth of endothelial cells by releasing angiogenic factors. This is accompanied by down-regulation of local tissue inhibitors of endothelian cell proliferation such as angiostatin and endostatin. Both proteins target normal ...
The introduction of advanced technology systems in the US Army have imposed a tremendous strain on conventional battery systems. In an attempt to meet the problem, the non-systematic introduction of new batteries has created widespread proliferation of portable power types with accompanying procurement and cost problems. Long scale planning ...
Energy Citations Database
Repair of injured airway epithelium is often accompanied by an influx of leukocytes, and these cells have been suggested to contribute to the repair process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of neutrophil defensins--antimicrobial peptides present in large amounts in the neutrophil--on proliferation of cultured lung epithelial ...
PubMed
Bone growth at the cranial sutures relies on proliferation of osteogenic progenitor cells and/or differentiation of osteoblasts. The current study was undertaken to assess these events in relation to suture growth and fusion. A total of 21 pigs, divided into three age groups (0.5�1.5 months, 3�4 months and 5�7 months), were used for immunohistochemical evaluation of cell ...
To understand the relationship between the proliferation of epidermis and its arachidonic acid metabolism, we studied human keratinocytes grown in vitro at confluent or nonconfluent densities. Keratinocyte cultures incubated with [14C]arachidonic acid synthesized prostaglandin (PG)E2 PGD2, PGF2 alpha, and small quantities of 6-keto-F1 alpha. Nonconfluent cultures, however, ...
The number of cells in an organ is regulated by mitogens and trophic factors that impinge on intrinsic determinants of proliferation and apoptosis. We here report the identification of an additional mechanism to control cell number in the brain: EphA7 induces ephrin-A2 reverse signaling, which negatively regulates neural progenitor cell proliferation. ...
Hepatic stem cells (oval cells) proliferate within the liver after exposure to a variety of hepatic carcinogens and can generate both hepatocytes and bile duct cells. Oval cell proliferation is commonly seen in the preneoplastic stages of liver carcinogenesis, often accompanied by an inflammatory response. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), ...
Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone with roles in growth hormone release, food intake and cell proliferation. With ghrelin now recognized as important in neoplastic processes, the aim of this report is to present findings from a series of in vitro studies evaluating the cellular mechanisms involved in ghrelin regulation of proliferation in the ...
Benzbromarone, a uricosuric drug, reportedly causes hepatic hypertrophy accompanied by proliferation of peroxisomes in rats. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying induction of peroxisome proliferation by benzbromarone, we examined binding affinity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) and ? ...
Exposure of mice for 8 weeks to drinking water containing diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was accompanied by alterations in hepatocyte structure and varying degrees of liver nonparenchymal cell (NPC) proliferation. Eighteen and a half weeks after cessation of DEN exposure, there was a 47% incidence of hepatocellular nodules. Centrilobular hepatocyte hypertrophy ...
BackgroundThe maintenance of lifelong blood cell production ultimately rests on rare hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that reside in the bone marrow microenvironment. HSCs are traditionally viewed as mitotically quiescent relative to their committed progeny. However, traditional techniques for assessing proliferation activity in vivo, such as measurement of BrdU uptake, are ...
Cellular senescence is an important tumor suppression process, and a possible contributor to tissue aging. Senescence is accompanied extensive changes in chromatin structure. In particular, many senescent cells accumulate specialized domains of facultative heterochromatin, called Senescence Associated Heterochromatin Foci (SAHF), which are thought to repress expression of ...
Pharyngeal aspiration of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) caused inflammation, pulmonary damage, and an altered cytokine network in the lung. Local inflammatory response in vivo was accompanied by modified systemic immunity as documented by decreased proliferation of splenic T cells. Preincubation of nai?ve T cells in vitro with SWCNT-treated ...
Results of a survey of concentrations of substances immunologically cross-reactive with insulin (SICRI), glucose and growth hormone in preprandially drawn blood of 84 patients suffering from bronchial epidermoid, microcellular and adenocarcinomas and 22 patients from sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and obstructive bronchitis are presented. In all these diseases, tissue proliferation ...
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and proteoglycans, which are components of the extracellular bone matrix, are also localized in and at the membrane of osteoblasts and in the pericellular matrix. Due to their interaction with several growth factors, water and cations these molecules play an important role in regulating proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and bone ...
Proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) represents an important event in vascular lesion formation. Despite the common belief that growth factors contribute to the development of the atherosclerotic plaque, until now there has been no direct evidence for a role of mitogens in the development of arterial lesions. Balloon catheter injury of the rat carotid artery is ...
Pioglitazone, a synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)?, causes preadipocyte proliferation through a mechanism which still remains elusive. Here, to address the mechanism, we investigated the effects of PPAR? and pioglitazone on the kinetics of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, especially with p16(Ink4a) (p16) centered, by ...
Activation of integrins upon binding to extracellular matrix proteins is believed to be a crucial step for the regulation of cell survival and proliferation. We have used integrin ?1-null mice to investigate the role of this collagen receptor in the regulation of cell growth and survival in vivo. ?1-deficient animals, which are viable and fertile, have a hypocellular ...
Hippocampal neurogenesis continuously declines in the aging brain but only little is known about age-related alterations in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus which accommodates different subpopulations of precursor cells. Here, we examined the age-related effects on total number and proliferation rate of distinct precursor cell populations in the dentate gyrus of ...
Imbalances in the proliferation and apoptosis processes are involved in numerous epithelial alterations. In the seminiferous epithelium, normal spermatogenesis is regulated by spermatogonia proliferation and germ cell apoptosis, and both processes are involved in diverse pathological alterations of the seminiferous epithelium. Other physiological phenomena ...
1. Proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts induced by inflammation plays an important role in cardiac remodeling. Pharmacological dose of exogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most effective therapy for inflammatory diseases. Similarly, physiological concentration of endogenous GCs has recently been demonstrated to exert an anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, this study was to ...
Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) through Rho kinase kinase (ROCK), one of its downstream effectors, regulates a wide range of cell physiological functions, including vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, by degrading cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27. Our previous studies found that heparin inhibition of pulmonary artery SMC (PASMC) ...
Serum from a 45-year-old patient with scleromyxedema (withdrawn prior to therapy) was added to synovial and foreskin human fibroblast cultures and its effect compared to that of normal human serum. The patient's serum stimulated production of both hyaluronic acid and prostaglandin E by fibroblast cultures. This stimulation was inhibited by hydrocortisone and indomethacin and was not ...
Social experience plays an important role in regulating the neural, physiological and hormonal changes that accompany the expression of reproductive behavior in vertebrates. This suite of functions is sexually dimorphic, with different neural control areas preeminent in males and females. In anuran amphibians, social experience comes in the form of acoustic communication, ...
Hepatocyte differentiation and proliferation are greatly affected by extracellular matrix (ECM). Primary hepatocytes cultured without matrix dedifferentiate over time, but matrix overlay quickly restores differentiation. ECM also is critical in liver regeneration where ECM degradation and reconstitution are steps in the regenerative process. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a ...
Through the consideration of decreased proliferation of lung fibroblasts from subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the proinflammatory role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the COPD development, we hypothesized that LPS might inhibit proliferation in lung fibroblasts and the possible mechanism was investigated. Primary human lung ...
The fish brain grows throughout life, and new cells are added continuously in all major brain areas. As in mammals, the rate of adult brain cell proliferation in fish can be regulated by external factors including environmental complexity and interaction with conspecifics. We have recently demonstrated that the stress experienced by subordinate rainbow trout in social ...
This volume contains papers from a group of experts from the Middle East, U.S., and Europe addressing nuclear proliferation issues of the Middle East in the 1990s. The first three chapters provide an overview of Middle East proliferation by looking at definitions of arms control in the Middle East and evaluating states individually. The following six ...
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Measurement of proliferative responses of human lymphocytes is a fundamental technique for the assessment of their biological responses to various stimuli. Most simply, this involves measurement of the number of cells present in a culture before and after the addition of a stimulating agent. This unit contains several different prototype protocols to induce proliferation in ...
Gastropods are characterized by their asymmetric bodyplan, which develops through a unique ontogenetic process called 'torsion'. Despite several intensive studies, the driving force of torsion remains to be determined. Although torsion was traditionally believed to be driven by contraction of the retractor muscle connecting the foot and the shell, some recent reports cast doubt on that idea. Here, ...
High concentrations of cytokinins block cell proliferation and induce programmed cell death (PCD) in both carrot ( Daucus carota L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. cell cultures [13 and 27 micro M N(6)-benzylaminopurine (BAP), respectively]. In the present work, cell death was scored by Evan's blue staining and was also demonstrated to be programmed by various ...
Activating mutations of FGFRs1�3 cause craniosynostosis (CS), the premature fusion of cranial bones, in man and mouse. The mechanisms by which such mutations lead to CS have been variously ascribed to increased osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, but it is not always clear how these disturbances relate to the process of suture fusion. We have reassessed ...
Thymic T cell differentiation to peripheral T cells aims to assist the generation of effector cells mediating adaptive immune responses. During this process, which takes place during embryogenesis and in adulthood, proliferation is coupled with changes in chromatin organization and transcription. Moreover, B and T lymphocytes start to proliferate and ...
We previously found that deficiency of the NHE1 gene prevented hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in mice, which was accompanied by significantly reduced PASMC proliferation and decreased medial wall thickness of pulmonary arteries. That finding indicated the involvement of NHE1 in PASMC proliferation and ...
Gangliosides have been extensively described to be involved in the proliferation and differentiation of various cell types, such including hematopoietic cells. Our previous studies on murine models of stroma-mediated myelopoiesis have shown that gangliosides are required for optimal capacity of stromal cells to support proliferation of myeloid precursor ...
Objective-To determine effects of infection with bovine leukosis virus (BLV) on lymphocyte proliferation and apoptosis in dairy cattle. Animals-27 adult Holstein cows. Procedures-Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood from lactating Holstein cows seronegative for BLV (n = 9 cows), seropositive for BLV and aleukemic (aleukemic; 9), and ...
Prolactinomas are the most prevalent functional pituitary adenomas. Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonists, such as bromocriptine are the first line of therapy; however, drug intolerance/resistance to D2R agonists exists. Apart from D2R agonists, there is no established medical therapy for prolactinomas; therefore, identifying novel therapeutics is warranted. Curcumin, a commonly used food additive ...
The aim of the present study was to evaluate inhibitory effect of CTB glycoprotein isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau on DEHP-induced cell proliferation in lymphocytes. Our results revealed that DEHP increased lymphocyte proliferation as confirmed by increasing [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, and proliferating cell nuclear ...
We have demonstrated that overcoming matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated suppression of glial proliferation stimulates axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. The regenerative capacity of the adult CNS in response to injury and demyelination depends on the ability of multipotent glial NG2+ progenitor cells to proliferate and mature, ...
Two important trends have drawn the attention of medical practitioners and academics in recent years: the growth of health consciousness within the United States, and the proliferation in the number of health-oriented media outlets. In the face of the growing health care consumerism, accompanied by the proliferation of health-oriented ...
We have examined the effects of different glycosylation inhibitors on the proliferation of a human Wilms tumour derived cell line WCCS-1. It was found that two compounds that specifically inhibit distal steps in the glycosylation chain (swainsonone and castanospermine) only exerted marginal effects on cell multiplication and survival. In contrast, a proximal inhibitor ...
A simultaneous production of nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by the same individual cells of an established human pancreatic cell line (QGP-1) was demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase method. Kinetics of cell proliferation and production of CEA and NCA were analyzed, and active synthesis of both antigens was found to be ...
Recent developments in areas of online education and the modernization of the GI Bill of Rights in the form of the Montgomery GI Bill have served to enact an unparalleled era in the history of higher education. Now, more than ever, servicemen and servicewomen have both the financial resources and the technological resources to pursue higher learning while actively deployed in remote regions of the ...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rat parotid acinar cells undergo transient proliferation in response to chronic administration of the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol or epidermal growth factor (EGF). Treatment with these agents caused an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of p21ras-GTPase activating protein (GAP). This phosphorylation event was accompanied by a redistribution of ...
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a clinically heterogeneous condition, and not surprisingly, its MRI features are diverse. Synovitis and accompanying synovial effusions are clearly depicted, and enthesitis is characterized by extracapsular inflammation at the insertions of ligaments and tendons plus accompanying bone edema at bony attachments. Other forms of ...
Over the past 10 years there has been a proliferation of Astronomy courses offered over the Internet. Accompanying the courses has been an increasing number of robotic and remote control telescopes such as the Bradford Robotic Telescope in the United Kingdom and the Telescopes in Education program in the United States of America. Since 1994 Charles Sturt ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The cause for increased cell proliferation in AHR overexpressing breast cancer cells still remains unknown. Here we studied the molecular basis of aggressive cell proliferation of an AHR overexpressing and ER? functionally down-regulated MCF10AT1 cell line, designated as P20E, in comparison to a matched sub-line, P20C with normal AHR expression and ER? ...
We have investigated the effects of the pure antiestrogen EM-139 and the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) alone or in combination with estradiol (E2) on cell proliferation and cell kinetic parameters in human ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells. Following a 24- to 30-h exposure to E2, a decrease in the proportion of G0-G1 cells was observed, this effect being ...
BACKGROUNDS: The mucosa of gallbladder stimulated with gallstones and accompanied with abnormalities in bile composition, is the origin of biliary disease, which could induce metaplasia, simple hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and even carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma in gallbladder mucosa. METHODS: To determine the disorder of the balance between cell ...
Merozoite endocytosis initiates Plasmodium development in a vacuole bounded by an erythrocyte-derived membrane, whose asymmetrical distribution of lipids and proteins is reversed in its orientation with respect to the parasite plasma membrane. Reorientation may accompany the proliferation of the membrane associated with the parasite's growth and phagocytic ...
Proliferation of vascular cells has been previously shown to contribute to spontaneous development of coronary collaterals. Recent studies from several laboratories have established that collateral artery growth in both the heart and limb can be enhanced by administration of angiogenic growth factors, or therapeutic angiogenesis. In this study, we sought (1) to define the ...
... policy. The paper reviews the progress of proliferation and non-proliferation and examines the debate over both. It then ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... Title : Assessing the Proliferation of Smallpox. ... Abstract : Presentation on the assessment of a proliferation of the smallpox virus. ...
The report, the twentieth in the series issued by the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, is intended to serve as a convenient reference on military expenditures, arms transfers, armed forces, and related economic data for 144 countries over the 1978-1988 decade. It provides comprehensive, up-to-date, and accurate data, accompanied by pertinent analyses and highlights. The ...
The authors describe a squamous cell carcinoma arising from the ear canal of a Long-eared Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus). No metastasis could be identified elsewhere in the animal. Due to the irritation caused by the tumorous proliferation the animal constantly scratched the affected area, which led to secondary bacterial infection of the middle ear ...
The text of the President's proposed agreement with Norway to strengthen the basis for US-Norwegian cooperation on nuclear energy in accordance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act includes revisions and agreements made with Norway during negotiations. The agreement covers information, technology, and material transfers for peaceful purposes in terms of transfer, ...
The case of a 70-year-old man with a hitherto undescribed pleural mesothelioma is reported. The tumor was localized in the left lung apex and had invaded the parietal pleura. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by a proliferation of epithelioid cells and the formation of microcysts. The tumor cells were positive for calretinin and vimentin, and possessed abundant ...
Interleukin 2 (IL2) activity was determined in clinically healthy persons as well as in patients with various thyroid diseases. The state of thyroid function was assessed by radioimmunoassay. IL-2 activity was assessed by its ability to maintain proliferation of T blast cells. The T blast cells were obtained from mouse spleen cells. After incubation, /sup 3/H-thymidine was ...
A-T (ataxia telangiectasia) is a genetic disease caused by a mutation in the Atm (A-T mutated) gene that leads to neurodegeneration. Despite an increase in the numbers of studies in this area in recent years, the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in human A-T are still poorly understood. Previous studies demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) ...
The proliferation of surface-to-surface missiles (SSMs) and weapons of mass destruction has become one of the more serious security threats to post-Cold War peace. This dissertation examines the history of proliferation within the Middle East by focusing primarily on three trend-setting countries: Israel, Syria and Iran. Building on the theoretical ...
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is known to be an essential cofactor for the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, which are involved in the production of neurotransmitters, and for nitric oxide (NO) synthase. In the present study, we report that sepiapterin, the more stable form of the BH4 precursor, modulates ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration by NO-dependent and ...
Autoantibodies targeting the proliferating cell nuclear antigen have been considered as a specific biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus, and were historically identified by indirect immunofluorescence and then confirmed by other more specific immunoassays. Our objective was to investigate the anti-PCNA immune response in various disease conditions. Unselected sera ...
Aerobic glycolysis is a seemingly wasteful mode of ATP production that is seen both in rapidly proliferating mammalian cells and highly active contracting muscles, but whether there is a common origin for its presence in these widely different systems is unknown. To study this issue, here we develop a model of human central metabolism that incorporates a solvent capacity ...
AP-1, a transcription factor comprised primarily of Jun and Fos family proteins, regulates genes involved in proliferation, differentiation and oncogenesis. Previous studies demonstrated that elevated expression of Jun and Fos family member proteins is associated with numerous human cancers and in cancer-relevant biological processes. In this study we used a dominant-negative ...
Rationale: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, a cystic lung disease of women, is characterized by proliferation of smooth muscle�like lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells, which possess mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex genes, TSC1/TSC2. Growth factors involved in lymphangioleiomyomatosis cell proliferation are unknown. Prolactin, an important reproductive ...
Chloride cell (CC) responses to ion challenge and plasma ion concentration were evaluated in two ecologically distinct erythrinids, Hoplias malabaricus, an exclusively water-breathing species, and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, a facultative air-breathing fish, at one, two, seven, and 15 days of exposure to deionized water and to ion-rich water. H. malabaricus displayed high CC ...
Cell proliferation has often been found to be associated with carcinogenesis in rodents and humans at different stages of the multistage carcinogenesis process. The multistage process includes initiation, promotion, and progression phases. At each phase, increasing the normal level of cell turnover of target cells may enhance carcinogenesis. However, we present evidence that ...
The new steroidal 5,7-diene, 3?-hydroxyandrosta-5,7-diene-17?-carboxylic acid (17-COOH-7DA), was synthesized from 21-acetoxypregnenolone, with the oxidative cleavage of the side chain being dependent on the presence of oxygen. In human epidermal (HaCaT) keratinocytes, 17-COOH-7DA inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, starting at a dose as low as ...
