Safeguards, accountability, and nuclear materials are defined. The accuracy of measuring nuclear materials is discussed. The use of computers in nuclear materials accounting is described. Measures taken to physically protect ...
Energy Citations Database
The SENRAC (Serial Number Recognition Accountability) real time nuclear materials accountability system and WASP (Waste Accountability, Shipping and Packaging) System are described briefly.
...2009-01-01 false Nuclear material control and accounting for special nuclear material...REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) MATERIAL CONTROL AND ACCOUNTING OF SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL...Significance § 74.31 ...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010
... NEGOTIATIONS, THEFT, ACCOUNTABILITY, PLUTONIUM ... LEGISLATION, NUCLEAR WARHEADS ... STORAGE, FISSIONABLE MATERIALS. ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... formulated a global nuclear detection architecture ... for detection, including materials protection, control, and accountability, overseas border ...
... NEGOTIATIONS, ACCOUNTABILITY, PLUTONIUM, FEDERAL BUDGETS, NUCLEAR WARHEADS, LEGISLATION, FISSIONABLE MATERIALS, ...
This paper discusses a safeguards system that could be employed for a hypothetical nuclear material processing or production facility. The approach results in an integrated system of accountability measurements and nuclear materials control measures desig...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Material Control and Material Accounting Task Force defined the roles, objectives, and goals of material control and material accounting within the domestic Safeguards Program for licensed strategic special nuclear material ...
A survey is given of the system of accounting for and control of nuclear material at the Central Institute for Nuclear Research, Rossendorf. It includes 3 material balance areas. Control is implemented at both the institute and the MBA levels on the basis...
This report defines procedures for rounding measurement results for nuclear material control and accounting. Considerations for the applications of these procedures are discussed.
In 1986 a measurement control program was instituted at Mound to ensure that measurement performance used for nuclear material accountability was properly monitored and documented. The organization and management of various aspects of the program are disc...
A measurement control program for nuclear material accounting monitors and controls the quality of the measurments of special nuclear material that are involved in material balances. The quality is monitored by collecting data from which the current preci...
In this paper the problem of safeguarding the nuclear material in a centrifuge plant with the help of material accountancy is analysed.
A nuclear material control and accountancy system has been developed by Goodyear Atomic Corporation to meet safeguards and security requirements. It comprises three major elements: physical security, nuclear material control, and nuclear material ...
The SENRAC (Serial Number Recognition Accountability) real time nuclear materials accountability system and WASP (Waste Accountability, Shipping and Packaging) System are described briefly. (ERA citation 07:046042)
... Countries, Government Accountability Office, GAO ... to any special nuclear material used in ... retransfer exported nuclear materials, facilities, sensitive ...
... by nuclear weapons and nuclear materials a central ... Clinton said Iran's nuclear weapons ambitions ... and � attempt to evade accountability,� she said ...
DefenseLINK Web Site
Current DOE regulations for Controlled Nuclear Materials (CNM) management have particular accounting problems that have become more evident as computer systems have been designed and programmed to automate the materials accounting functions. Some valuable...
A test of daily material accounting is being conducted for the NRC as part of a continuing program to estimate the effectiveness of using process monitoring data to enhance strategic special nuclear material accounting in fuel facilities. The test is bein...
This article is a review of the history and policies of the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for the Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC). The discussion leads up to a description of the database (presently utilizing Fox Pro) developed for materials accountability, with its broad ...
... MATERIALS), NUCLEAR WARHEADS, KAZAKHSTAN, BELARUS, UKRAINE, FOREIGN AID, POLITICAL NEGOTIATIONS, ACCOUNTABILITY, ...
... AID, POLITICAL NEGOTIATIONS, ACCOUNTABILITY, PLUTONIUM ... LEGISLATION, NUCLEAR WARHEADS ... STORAGE, FISSIONABLE MATERIALS. ...
This presentation describes nuclear fuel accounting activities from the perspective of nuclear fuels management and its interfaces. Generally, Nuclear Fuels-River Bend Nuclear Group (RBNG) is involved on a day-by-day basis with nuclear fuel materials ...
Material accountability (MA) activities focus on providing after-the-fact indication of diversion or theft of special nuclear material (SNM). MA activities include maintaining records for tracking nuclear material and conducting periodic inventories and a...
... Sites Containing Special Nuclear Materials Source: http ... The Government Accountability Office acknowledged the ... containing the material used in ...
Materials accountancy accompanied by data verification is one of the main elements in international safeguards of nuclear material. In this paper statistical combinations of materials accountancy and data verification are discussed with the boundary condition of a fixed ...
The following topics are discussed: improved detection sensitivity for periodic accounting; simulation of MUF and LEMUF; and vulnerability of nuclear material accounting to tampering. (LK)
...CONTINUED) SAFEGUARDS ON NUCLEAR MATERIAL-IMPLEMENTATION OF US/IAEA AGREEMENT Reports § 75.33 Accounting reports. (a)(1) The accounting reports for each IAEA material balance area must consist of: (i) Nuclear...
...accounting for strategic special nuclear material. (a) General performance objectives...kilograms of strategic special nuclear material (SSNM) and to use such material at any site, other than a nuclear reactor licensed pursuant to part 50...
A study was conducted for the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission as part of a continuing program to estimate the effectiveness of using process monitoring data to enhance special nuclear material accounting in nuclear facilities. Two licensed fue...
The internal audit program of the Nuclear Material Control and Accountability (NMCandA) Department at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, through inventory-verification audits, inventory-observation audits, procedures audits, and records audits, evaluates the adequacy of material accounting and control ...
The new Control and Accountability of Nuclear Material Department of Energy (DOE) Order 5633.3 states that ''each facility shall establish a graded safeguard program for monitoring nuclear materials and detecting unauthorized activities or anomalous condi...
Nuclear Materials Safeguards (also known as Material Control and Accountability or MC&A) and Nuclear Materials Management as practiced within the US Department of Energy (DOE) are separate, but related disciplines with differing goals and objectives. Safe...
... nuclear bomb, or the fissile material and expertise ... de- emphasizing the utility of nuclear weapons and increasing international accountability. ...
The following topics are discussed: hierarchy of accountability measurements; survey of analytical methods; accuracies of analytical methods for material accountability; and vulnerability of accountability measurements. (LK)
Development of the automated Russian Federation Federal Information System for Nuclear Material Control and Accounting (FIS) started in 1996. From the beginning, the creation of the FIS was based on the concept of obtaining data from the material balance ...
NucMAS provides a material balance area with a computerized data management system for nuclear materials accountability. NucMAS is a generic application. It handles the data management and reporting functions for different processing facilities by storing...
Current trends in safeguarding special nuclear materials (SNM) in nuclear fuel cycle facilities portend increasing emphasis on timely collection and analysis of materials accounting data. The availability of more and better data argues for an organized fr...
The report provides guidance for incorporating checks and balances in a nuclear material control and accounting (MC&A) system to control and detect falsification of data and reports that could conceal diversion of nuclear material. Data falsifications may...
Materials accounting for special nuclear material in future fuel cycle facilities will draw heavily on sophisticated data-analysis techniques. Decision analysis, which combines elements of estimation theory, decision theory, and systems analysis, can be u...
10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Nuclear material control and accounting for strategic special nuclear material. 74.51 Section 74.51 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011
10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Nuclear material control and accounting for special nuclear material of moderate strategic...74.41 Section 74.41 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION...
10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Nuclear material control and accounting for special nuclear material of low strategic...74.31 Section 74.31 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION...
A Purex-based nuclear fuel reprocessing plant has been studied for possible incorporation of near-real-time accounting to supplement conventional accounting procedures. Near-real-time accounting of special nuclear materials relies on in-line or at-line fl...
Nuclear materials control and accounting systems are subject to pressures of both regulatory and institutional natures. This fact, coupled with the emergence of new technology, is causing evolutionary changes in materials control and accounting systems. These changes are the subject of this ...
Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL) has established a formal training program for nuclear material (NM) custodians. The program, designed to familiarize the custodian with the fundamental concepts of proper nuclear materials control and accountability, is conducted on a semiannual ...
Citations cover the methods of safeguarding nuclear materials through effective management, accountability, nondestructive assays, instrumentation, and automated continuous inventory systems. Problem areas and recommendations for improving the management of nuclear materials are included.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
General Accounting Office (GAO) reviewed the Department of Energy's (DOE) progress in developing a new nuclear materials tracking system. This new system is intended to replace the existing Nuclear Materials Management and Safeguards System (NMMSS), which...
The Russian Federation Ministry of Atomic Energy (Minatom) is the federal authority empowered with the management of state-owned nuclear materials, with the exception of military applications. The Russian Federal Nuclear Materials Control and Accounting Information System (FIS) is a key ...
DOE Information Bridge
The nuclear regulatory activities in Argentina are carried out by the 'Nuclear Regulatory Authority' (ARN). To fulfil its responsibilities, the ARN has established and enforced a regulatory framework for all nuclear activities concerning nuclear safety an...
In international safeguards of nuclear material the material accountancy is an essential principle of the IAEA. The material balance is closed with the operator's data which are verified by the inspector at the hand of independent measurements on a random...
In the nuclear power industry, the fuel assembly is the basic unit for nuclear material accountancy. Safeguards procedures for the spent fuel assemblies are, therefore, based on an item accountancy approach. When fuel consolidation occurs in ''at-reactor'...
Increased use of nuclear power will require new facilities. The U.S. has not built a new spent nuclear fuel reprocessing facility for decades. Reprocessing facilities must maintain accountability of their nuclear fuel. This survey report on the techniques...
Presently, HB-Line work at the Savannah River Site consists primarily of the stabilization and packaging of nuclear materials for storage and the characterization of materials for disposition in H-Area. In order to ensure compliance with Material Control and Accountability (MC and A) ...
Pursuant to the domestic law and regulations revised in 1978 as to be conformed to the requirements specified in the Safeguards Agreement under the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the JAERI's system of nuclear material accountancy has been effectively dev...
We present in this paper a method for evaluating explicitly the contribution of nuclear material accountability upgrades to risk reduction at nuclear facilities. The method yields the same types of values for conditional risk reduction that physical prote...
Education and training efforts are expanding in the field of nuclear materials control and accountability. There are some opportunities and very specific needs relative to MC and A education and training. This paper identifies these opportunities and needs and addresses improving training programs.
Advances in computer hardware and software technology, at the microcomputer level provide attractive alternatives to the current family of nuclear material accounting systems that are used in the US Department of Energy (DOE) and US Nuclear Regulatory Com...
The two volumes of this report incorporate all lectures and presentations at the International Training Course on Nuclear Materials Accountability and Control for Safeguards Purposes, held May 27-June 6, 1980, at the Bishop's Lodge near Santa Fe, New Mexi...
This report incorporates all lectures and presentations at the International Training Course on Implementation of State Systems of Accounting for and Control of Nuclear Materials held October 17 through November 4, 1983, at Santa Fe and Los Alamos, New Me...
The course was developed to provide practical training in the implementation and operation of a national system of nuclear materials accountability and control that satisfies both national and international safeguards requirements. Major emphasis for the ...
Department of Energy Order 5633.3, Control and Accountability of Nuclear Materials, requires each facility possessing nuclear material (NM) to establish a program to assess its control and accountability systems and procedures, and to assure the integrity...
An assessment was completed on the potential for large reprocessing plants to meet the requirements of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's proposed Category I Material Control and Accounting (MC&A) Reform Amendment. The Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant (BNFP) ...
This report presents the results of a comparative evaluation of four statistical testing procedures for use in the control and accounting of special nuclear materials. Of primary interest is a bivariate procedure that simultaneously tests total inventory ...
This document is a glossary of English/Chinese and Chinese/English expressions which are technical terms likely to occur in literature related to nuclear materials control and accounting.
Purpose of the course was to train in the accounting and control of nuclear materials in a bulk processing facility, for international safeguards. The Exxon low enriched uranium fabrication plant is used as an example. This volume contains visual aids used for the presentation. (DLC)
Purpose of the course was to train in the accounting and control of nuclear materials in a bulk processing facility, for international safeguards. The Exxon low enriched uranium fabrication plant is used as an example. This volume contains visual aids use...
Purpose of the course was to provide practical training in the implementation and operation of a national system of accounting for and control of nuclear materials in a bulk processing facility, in the context of international safeguards. This course exte...
A punched-card machine method is described for use in nuclear material process accounting. Although the specific materials considered are fissile and fertile nuclides, the system can be applied, with slight modification, to any material. (auth)
...2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Material status reports. 74.13 Section 74...NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) MATERIAL CONTROL AND ACCOUNTING OF SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL General Reporting and Recordkeeping...
...COMMISSION (CONTINUED) MATERIAL CONTROL AND ACCOUNTING OF SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL General Reporting and...Requirements § 74.13 Material status reports. (a...licensee, including nuclear reactor licensees as defined...
This report summarizes the October-December activities of the Safeguards Material Control and Accounting Program sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). It describes our progress in applying and developing computer-based methodologies for assessing the ...
Issues related to nuclear material control and accounting and illegal dealing in these materials were discussed at the April 19--20, 1996 Moscow summit meeting (G7 + Russia). The declaration from this meeting reaffirmed that governments are responsible for the safety of all nuclear ...
... so, the WA fosters greater responsibility and accountability in transfers of ... at greatest risk of smuggling of nuclear and radioactive materials in or ...
... blind-side or terrorist attack is an incentive for states to tag and register fissile materials ... accountability for nuclear weapons parts and ...
... in conditions of security, safety and accountability." 32 ... 4: Prevent the distribution of nuclear fuel and ... usable materials be kept safe, secure and ...
... certify the material control and accountability of the ... no changes that might affect performance are ... including the pit manufacturing mission, at LANL ...
... designated computer security a material weakness in ... Performance and Accountability Series ... and Program Risks: Nuclear Regulatory Commission ...
... for destruction and dropping accountability for the ... positive enable system, or nuclear command and control documents, material, or devices. ...
... Long-term care insurance Medicare Nuclear waste cleanup ... Accountability Community Organizations we work with ... fairly in all material respects and ...
... 2009-01-01 false Quality assurance and accounting requirements...Nuclear Material § 74.59 Quality assurance and accounting requirements...74.51 shall provide the quality assurance and accounting...
...Brachytherapy sources accountability. 35.406... Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION...OF BYPRODUCT MATERIAL Manual Brachytherapy...Brachytherapy sources accountability. (a...shall maintain accountability at all...
...brachytherapy source accountability. 35.2406 ...2406 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION...MEDICAL USE OF BYPRODUCT MATERIAL Records § 35...brachytherapy source accountability. (a) A licensee...brachytherapy source accountability required by §...
The accountability system being designed for automated fuel fabrication facilities will provide real-time information on all Special Nuclear Material (SNM) located in the facility. It will utilize a distributed network of microprocessors and minicomputers to monitor material movement and obtain ...
The objective of this study is to contribute efforts to identifying the characteristics and operation reason of known or clandestine nuclear facility. To achieve this purpose is by means of chemical analysis of various samples from process line and surrou...
The Safeguards Accountability Network (SAN) is an on-line accountability system used by Rocky Flats Plant to provide accountability control of its nuclear material inventory. The system is also used to monitor and evaluate the use of the nuclear ...
A study was conducted for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission as part of a continuing program to estimate the effectiveness of using existing production control, process control, and quality control data to enhance strategic special nuclear material (SSNM) ...
The principles and techniques of absorption edge densitometry in the energy-dispersive mode are summarized as they apply to the nondestructive assay of special nuclear materials. Five existing field instruments, designed for special nuclear materials accounting measurements, are described. ...
Nuclear material accounting systems were examined and compared to financial double-entry accounting systems. Effective nuclear material accounting systems have been designed using the principles of double-entry financial accounting. ...
The impact of integrated nuclear fuel cycle facilities on the transportation sector appears from this admittedly rather narrow study to be of only marginal significance. However, there are other factors which must be taken into account such as nuclear saf...
The international safeguard system of nuclear weapon nonproliferation and the IAEA safeguard system are briefly described. In Czechoslovakia, a decree was issued in 1977 governing the accounting for and control of nuclear materials. The contents of the de...
We present in this paper a method for evaluating explicitly the contribution of nuclear material accountability upgrades to risk reduction at nuclear facilities. The method yields the same types of values for conditional risk reduction that physical protection and material control upgrades ...
The objective of this study is to upgrade Materials Control and Accountancy (MC and A) technology over the flows of special nuclear materials throughout the DOE complex of fuel cycles. The program focus is to develop a ''Management Tool'' for decision sup...
A modern materials control and accounting (MC and A) system can provide major benefits to production personnel. It can enhance understanding of process systems performance, localize and reconcile material losses, and identify instruments that are out-of-c...
The DOE role for the NBL in safeguarding nuclear material into the 21st century is discussed. Development of measurement technology and reference materials supporting requirements of SDI, SIS, AVLIS, pyrochemical reprocessing, fusion, waste storage, plant modernization program, and improved tritium accounting are ...
The Urals Electrochemical Integrated Plant is one of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy's nuclear material production sites participating in the US Department of Energy's Material Protection, Control and Accounting MPCA Program. The Urals Electrochemic...
The Fuel Conditioning Facility (FCF) treats spent nuclear fuel using an electrometallurgical process that separates the uranium from the fission products, sodium thermal bond and cladding materials. Material accountancy is necessary at FCF for two reasons...
The US DOE is evaluating process monitoring as part of a total nuclear material safeguards system. A monitoring system is being installed at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant to test and evaluate material control and surveillance concepts in an operating nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. Process monitoring for ...
...special nuclear material in irradiated fuel...and to use this material at any site other than a nuclear reactor licensed pursuant...chapter; or as reactor irradiated fuels...Commission-approved material control and...
...diversion of special nuclear material) or issuance of an...security and/or materials accountability; (iii) Administrative...transportation of licensed materials. (14) Issuance...18. (iii) Nuclear pharmacies....
Statistical modeling of nuclear materials holdup in processing facilities can play an important role in materials accounting. Detailed knowledge of process operation, variability of process conditions, quality of measurements, and measurement standards im...
... terrorists could produce such materials themselves. ... and accountability of fissile material through the IAEA for its non-nuclear weapon state ...
... 4 688 SHAPEC Non-Nuclear Non-Test TGI (Task Group Instruction Development Guidelines), dated ... PROCURE MATERIAL ... F. ACCOUNTABILITY ...
...COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PHYSICAL PROTECTION OF PLANTS AND MATERIALS ...accounting procedures for the physical protection of special nuclear material...and equipment) for the physical protection of source,...
The Local Area Network Material Accounting System (LANMAS) application is a standardized approach to comply with the DOE Order 5633.3B, control and Accountability of Nuclear Material, material accounting requirements. This paper provides a general ...
Nuclear Materials Safeguards (also known as Material Control and Accountability or MC&A) and Nuclear Materials Management as practiced within the US Department of Energy (DOE) are separate, but related disciplines with differing goals and objectives. Safeguards and ...
The publication presents material balance accounting methods focused primarily upon the 'material unaccounted for' (MUF) statistic, which utilizes the data from only one material balance period as an indicator of a possible loss of nuclear material. The s...
This instruction describes the tritium accountability procedures practiced by the Tritium Research Laboratory, Building 968 at Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore. The accountability procedures are based upon the Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, Nuclear Materials Operations Manual, SAND78-8018. The ...
This instruction describes the tritium accountability procedures practiced by the Tritium Research Laboratory, at Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore. The accountability procedures are based upon the Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, Nuclear Materials Operations Manual, SAND83-8036. The ...
A typical nuclear material accounting system employing double-entry bookkeeping is described. A logic diagram is used to model the interactions of the accounting system and the adversary when he attempts to thwart it. Boolean equations are derived from the logic diagram; solution of these equations yields the ...
The Safeguards Accountability Network (SAN) is a computerized on-line accountability system for the safeguards accountability control of nuclear materials inventories at Rocky Flats Plant. SAN is a dedicated accountability system utilizing source documents filled out on the ...
DOE Orders and draft orders for nuclear material control and accountability address a complete material control and accountability (MC and A) program for all DOE contractors processing, using, or storing nuclear materials. A critical element of an MC ...
Considerable interest has been shown in recent years in developing reliable nuclear materials accounting systems for enriched uranium and plutonium in nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. This paper discusses a method which utilizes the experimental (or comp...
In the nuclear power industry, the fuel assembly is the basic unit for nuclear material accountancy. The safeguards procedures for the spent fuel assemblies, therefore, are based on an item accountancy approach. When fuel consolidation occurs in ''at-reac...
Tank calibration was carried out in 1994 prior to the hot operation of critical facilities in NUCEF (the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Safety Engineering Research Facility), for the purpose of nuclear material accountancy and control in the facility. Two calibration...
Nuclear Material Accountability, supported by Containment and Surveillance measures, is a fundamental means for an effective International Safeguard implementation in nuclear plants. Accountability is based on the verification that the difference between ...
Allied-General Nuclear Services has developed and demonstrated under cold testing conditions a computerized nuclear materials control and accounting system for a large reprocessing plant. The system provides computerized data acquisition, calculation, and...
Current DOE regulations for Controlled Nuclear Materials (CNM) management have particular accounting problems that have become more evident as computer systems have been designed and programmed to automate the materials accounting functions. Some valuable detailed ...
A computerized nuclear materials control and accounting system (CNMCAS) for a fuel reprocessing plant is being developed by Allied-General Nuclear Services at the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant. Development work includes on-line demonstration of near real-ti...
This book contains proceedings of the American Nuclear Society's (co-sponsored by the National Bureau of Standards) topical meeting entitled, 'Analytical Methods for Safeguards and Accountability Measurements of Special Nuclear Materials.' The meeting was...
This report describes the measurement techniques, the instrumentation, and the procedures used in accountability and control of nuclear materials, as they apply to fuel fabrication facilities. Some of the material included has appeared elswhere and it has been summarized. An extensive bibliography is included. A ...
A typical nuclear material accounting system employing double-entry bookkeeping is described. A logic diagram is used to model the interactions of the accounting system and the adversary when he attempts to thwart it. Boolean equations are derived from th...
Accountability applications such as nuclear material accountability systems at Department of Energy (DOE) facilities provide for tracking inventories, documenting transactions, issuing periodic reports, and assisting in the detection of unauthorized syste...
The purpose of this first ATEX report is to identify the twenty most vital nondestructive assay (NDA) accountability measurement needs in the DOE plutonium community to DOE and to contractor safeguards RandD managers in order to promote resolution of these needs. During 1987, ATEX identified sixty NDA accountability measurement problems, many of which were ...
Department of Energy and Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations governing material control and accountability in nuclear facilities have become more restrictive in the past decade, especially in areas that address the insider threat. As the insider threat receives greater credibility, regulations have been ...
Current trends in safeguarding special nuclear materials (SNM) in nuclear fuel cycle facilities portend increasing emphasis on timely collection and analysis of materials accounting data. The availability of more and better data argues for an organized framework of techniques to ensure ...
Purpose of the course was to provide practical training in the implementation and operation of a national system of accounting for and control of nuclear materials in a bulk processing facility, in the context of international safeguards. This course extends the training received in the basic course on State Systems of ...
Accountability for all goods used in an industrialized society is addressed in this book. A thorough review of the analytical tools that have been developed to deal with keeping track of rare or dangerous materials is presented. The application of these same tools and techniques to the monitoring of the flow of pollutants, i.e., SO/sub 2/; potentially ...
This report summarizes the April-June 1980 activities of the Safeguards Material and Accounting Program sponsored by the U.S Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Progress is described on the application and fu...
To date, the Department of Energy's (DOE) Material Protection, Control, and Accountancy (MPC and A) program has assisted in the implementation of operational site-wide MPC and A systems at several nuclear facilities in Russia. Eleven sites from the civili...
Reprocessing plants worldwide use the Purex solvent-extraction process and pulsed-column contactors to separate and purify uranium and plutonium from spent nuclear fuels. The importance of contactor in-process inventory to dynamic materials accounting in ...
The Agreement Between the Department of Defense of the United States and The Ministry of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy (MINATOM) Concerning Control, Accounting, and Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, as well as a subsequent amendment to t...
The Dynamic Materials Accountability (DYMAC) System at LASL integrates nondestructive assay (NDA) instruments with interactive data-processing equipment to provide near-real-time accountability of the nuclear material in the LASL Plutonium Processing Faci...
While substantial work has been performed in the Russian MPC&A Program, much more needs to be done at Russian nuclear facilities to complete four necessary steps. These are (1) periodically measuring the physical inventory of nuclear material, (2) continuously measuring the flows of nuclear ...
This report provides an overview of FB-Line processes and nuclear material accountability measurements. Flow diagrams for the product, waste, and packaging and stabilization processes are given along with the accountability measurements done before and after each of these processes. Brief descriptions of these ...
According to the existing laws the Czechoslovak Atomic Energy Commission (CSAEC) is authorized to regulate the Czechoslovak nuclear activities with respect to the nuclear safety, waste management and accountability and control of nuclear materials. Its ac...
The use of Nondestructive Assay (NDA) instrumentation at a nuclear waste terminal storage facility for purposes of Special Nuclear Material (SNM) accountability is evaluated. Background information is given concerning general NDA techniques and the relati...
Some material models of smectite rich buffer material suited for nuclear waste isolation are accounted for in the report. The application of these models in finite element calculations of some scenarios and performance are also shown. The rock shear scena...
Materials accounting is essential to providing the necessary assurance for verifying the effectiveness of a safeguards system. The use of measurements, analyses, records, and reports to maintain knowledge of the quantities of nuclear material present in a defined area of a facility and the use of physical ...
This study was conducted for the USNRC to determine if the use of process monitoring data currently being taken by licensees can increase the effectiveness of special nuclear material safeguards. Specifically addressed was whether the use of process monit...
This paper provides a historical account of how the nuclear rocket engine reactor was created and discusses the problem of selecting materials for a gas environment at a temperature of up to 3100 K and energy release of 30 MW per liter.
The IAEA applies Safeguards at the request of a Member State to whole or part of its nuclear materials. The verification of nuclear material accountability still constitutes the fundamental method of control, although sealing and surveillance procedures p...
Information concerning accounting for significant quantities of strategic special nuclear material (SSNM) in ERDA facilities is reported. Inventory difference data are provided for fiscal year 1976 for ERDA and ERDA contractor facilities that possessed significant quantities of SSNM. (LK)
This order was made under the Act of 25th July 1980 on protection and control of nuclear materials and the Decree of 12th May 1981 made in pursuance of the Act. It lays down detailed provisions to be complied with by licensees under the 1980 Act. These pr...
The effectiveness of near-real-time nuclear materials accounting in reprocessing facilities can be limited by inventory variations in the separations contactors. Investigations are described in three areas: (i) Improvements in the model that the authors h...
A description is given of the computer-based processing of safeguards information within the frame of the State System of Accounting for and Control of Nuclear Material. Software includes the programmes ICR, PILMBR, LISTE, POL, DELE and SIP which produce ...
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) amended its material control and accounting (MC&A) requirements in 1985 for licensees possessing and using special nuclear material (SNM) of low strategic significance in quantities larger than one effective ki...
...Section 75.24 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFEGUARDS ON NUCLEAR MATERIAL-IMPLEMENTATION OF US/IAEA AGREEMENT Material Accounting and Control for Facilities § 75.24 Retention of records. The records referred...
...Section 75.21 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFEGUARDS ON NUCLEAR MATERIAL-IMPLEMENTATION OF US/IAEA AGREEMENT Material Accounting and Control for Facilities § 75.21 General requirements. (a) Each...
DOE Order 5633.3B requires that nuclear material accountability (MA) systems provide for (1) tracking material inventories, (2) documenting material transactions, (3) issuing periodic reports, and (4) assisting in the detection of- unauthorized system acc...
As part of the Department of Energy-Russian program for strengthening nuclear material protection, control, and accounting (MPC and A), plans have now been formulated to install an integrated MPC and A system at all facilities containing large quantities of weapons-usable nuclear material ...
This paper provides a method of computing the probability that a nuclear material control and accounting test will detect and insider theft of special nuclear material (SNM) in a timely fashion. Often, when nuclear facilities are evaluated for their ability to defend ...
A major element of a system for nuclear material protection, control, and accounting (MPC and A) is to take the physical inventory of the nuclear material periodically. Physical inventory taking (PIT) includes ensuring that all nuclear material on ...
In recent years there has been widespread concern over the problem of nuclear safeguards. Due to the proliferation of nuclear reactors throughout the world, the concern about the loss or diversion of nuclear materials at various points in the fuel cycle has greatly increased. To minimize the possibility of ...
The BFS computerized accounting system is a network-based one. It runs in a client/server mode. The equipment used in the system includes a computer network consisting of: One server computer system, including peripheral hardware and three client computer systems. The server is located near the control room of the BFS-2 facility outside of the `stone sack` to ensure access ...
Allied-General Nuclear Services has developed and demonstrated under cold testing conditions a computerized nuclear materials control and accounting system for a large reprocessing plant. The system provides computerized data acquisition, calculation, and retention for conventional accounting ...
10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Nuclear material control and...authorized to produce special nuclear material of low strategic...33 Section 74.33 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY...
One of the major elements of the Russian Federation state system of accounting and control of nuclear materials (SSAC NM) is a �universal� oversight system for nuclear materials security covering MPC&A at the federal, agency and enterprise levels. Oversight of SSAC NM has always been ...
This is a case study of the NuMAC nuclear accountability system developed at a private fuel fabrication facility. This paper investigates nuclear material accountability and safeguards by researching expert knowledge applied in the system design and development. Presented is a system developed ...
Increased use of nuclear power will require new facilities. The U.S. has not built a new spent nuclear fuel reprocessing facility for decades. Reprocessing facilities must maintain accountability of their nuclear fuel. This survey report on the techniques used in current aqueous reprocessing facilities, and ...
Improve protection of weapons-usable nuclear material from theft or diversion through the development and support of a nationwide sustainable and effective Material Control and Accountability (MC&A) program based on material measurement. The material protection, ...
Quality in Nuclear Material Accountability Control (QUINUMAC) is an acronym which defines the integration of quality assurance with Nuclear Material (NM) accountability. At Rockwell Hanford Operations (Rockwell), a system which integrates the requirements of ANSI/ASME NQA-1 ...
As Westinghouse Savannah River Company has been faced with the challenge of better meeting DOE needs with reduced budgets and manpower, the Materials Control and Accountability (MC&A) organization has taken a hard look at its roles and responsibilities. A MC&A program is composed of many functions that can not only meet safeguards needs, but can be ...
Near-real-time nuclear materials accounting was demonstrated in a series of experiments at the Allied-General Nuclear Services (AGNS) Barnwell Nuclear Fuels Plant. For each experiment, the second and third plutonium cycles were operated continuously for 1...
The field of nuclear safeguards has received increasing amounts of public attention since the events of the Iraq-UN conflict over Kuwait, the dismantlement of the former Soviet Union, and more recently, the North Korean resistance to nuclear facility inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The role of nuclear ...
... doses from radioisotopes, Chapter 9 (Nuclear Weapons and Reactor Accidents) should appeal to specialists and non-specialists alike. Material covered in this chapter includes an account of ... ...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
... A March 2005 Government Accountability Office Report found ... Securing these materials is a highly effective ... part of fashioning a nuclear weapon is ...
... search queries the DTIC Online Public Web site. ... several reports on nuclear accountability, health, and safety. This material is described in detail in ...
... technical support agencies (the Government Accountability Office [GAO ... also provides for the transfer of nuclear warhead-related materials. ...
... firms that supply materials and components ... 29 Government Accountability Office, Defense Acquisitions ... Conventional and Nuclear Propulsion for ...
... of, or advanced procurement of materials for, a ... 30 Government Accountability Office, Defense Acquisitions ... Conventional and Nuclear Propulsion for ...
... p. 1. 24 Government Accountability Office, Defense ... in advance of the Nuclear Posture Review ... Strategic and Critical Materials, Submarine Programs ...
... to use up their nuclear fuel cores ... p. 1. 24 Government Accountability Office, Defense ... and Strategic and Critical Materials, Submarine Programs ...
Presence of nuclear materials on board. Systems being developed for human ... accountability, and authority to establish technical requirements so as to ...
NASA Website
... logical materials, and possible nuclear power plant accidents); resource short ... (5) General Accounting Office, "National Flood Insurance," (GAO/CED ...
This paper presents an alternative method for verifying electronic balance linearity and accuracy. This method is being developed for safeguards weighings (weighings for the control and accountability of nuclear material) at the Idaho National Engineering...
Basic mechanisms of radiation effects in structures and materials are discussed, taking into account
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The nuclear danger can be reduced by a system for global management, protection, control, and accounting as part of a disposition program for special nuclear materials. The development of an international fissile material management and control regime requires conceptual research supported by ...
Methods for estimating nuclear materials inventories in solvent-extraction contactors are being developed. These methods employ chemical models and available process measurements. Comparisons of model calculations and experimental data for mixer-settlers and pulsed columns indicate that this approach should be adequate for effective near-real-time ...
DOE facilities rely increasingly on computerized systems to manage nuclear materials accountability data and to protect against diversion of nuclear materials or other malevolent acts (e.g., hoax due to falsified data) by insider threats. Aspects of moder...
In accordance with the definition of a Material Balance Area (MBA) as a well-defined geographical area involving an Integral operation, the building housing the BFS-1 and BFS-1 critical facilities is considered to consist of one MBA. The BFS materials are in the form of small disks clad in stainless steel and each disk with nuclear ...
This report provides an example of a hypothetical Special Nuclear Material (SNM) Safeguard Material Control and Accounting (MC and A) System which will be used as a subject for the demonstration of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory MC and A System Evaluat...
... SAFEGUARDS ON NUCLEAR MATERIAL-IMPLEMENTATION OF US/IAEA AGREEMENT Material Accounting and Control for Facilities...required by § 75.21 shall include, as appropriate, for each IAEA material balance area: (a) Those operating data...
A positive on-site verification technique of spent PWR fuel rods in pool and material balance evaluation in bulk material handling facility were developed in support of facility operation and IAEA verification activity. The measured signal from each indiv...
The nuclear industry uses sensitive or classified parts and material that must be protected and accounted for. We believe there is a need for an automated system that can help protect and inventory these parts and material. In response to this need Sandia...
Diversion Path Analysis (DPA) is a safeguards evaluation tool which is used to determine the vulnerability of the Material Control and Material Accounting (MC and MA) Subsystems to the threat of theft of Special Nuclear Material (SNM) by a knowledgeable I...
Materials accounting for special nuclear material in future fuel cycle facilities will draw heavily on sophisticated data-analysis techniques. Decision analysis, which combines elements of estimation theory, decision theory, and systems analysis, can be used to reduce errors caused by subjective data evaluation and ...
The nuclear industry of Ukraine is a vital part of the national economy. In 1995 nuclear power accounted for approximately 37% of the total electricity production. Ukraine has five nuclear power stations with fourteen reactors in commercial operation. Ukraine also has research facilities whose work involves ...
An approach based upon the theory of games is presented that determines an optimal alarm threshold for detecting unauthorized or deliberate diversion of nuclear material based upon material accounting data. A mathematical model is developed, solved, and applied to a generic nuclear facility. By ...
Published in May 2004, this report addresses the global nuclear terrorist threat, focusing on the security of existing nuclear weapons and materials. The report was commissioned by the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) and prepare by the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University. It ...
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Concepts on integration of physical protection and material accounting systems to enhance overall safeguards capability are developed and presented. These concepts identify ways in which material accounting systems can be used to enable effective monitoring of authorized movement of nuclear ...
A measurement control program for nuclear material accounting monitors and controls the quality of the measurments of special nuclear material that are involved in material balances. The quality is monitored by collecting data from which the current precision and accuracy ...
Materials accounting for special nuclear material in fuel cycle facilities is implemented more efficiently by applying decision analysis methods, based on estimation and detection theory, to analyze process data for missing material. These methods are incorporated in the computer program ...
This publication has been prepared to provide guidance on methods and procedures for the accountability of mixed oxide (UO2, PuO2). Adherence to the recommendations detailed herein will enable the user to control this form of special nuclear material to a...
Isotope correlations corroborated by experiments, coupled with measurement methods for nuclear material in the fuel cycle have the potential as a safeguards surveillance and accountancy system. The ICT allows the verification of: fabricator's uranium and ...
