Sample records for accounting finance marketing

  1. 24 CFR 906.29 - Below-Market sales and financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Below-Market sales and financing... URBAN DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC HOUSING HOMEOWNERSHIP PROGRAMS Program Administration § 906.29 Below-Market sales and financing. A homeownership plan may provide for below-market purchase prices or below-market...

  2. Burnout among Accounting and Finance Academics in Ireland

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Byrne, Marann; Chughtai, Aamir; Flood, Barbara; Murphy, Evelyn; Willis, Pauline

    2013-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the levels of burnout experienced by accounting and finance academics in Ireland. Design/methodology/approach: Data for this cross-sectional survey study were collected from 100 accounting and finance academics teaching in Irish third level institutions. Independent sample "t"-tests, one…

  3. The finance/marketing interface in hospitals.

    PubMed

    Bradley, M; Fisk, T; Owens, H

    1987-01-01

    Almost half of U.S. hospitals now have a marketing function. This new senior level function impacts the roles, responsibilities and routines of other functions. Hospital marketing's impact on planning and public relations have been addressed. This article discusses why the transition to aggressive marketing will affect finance and how the two functions might forge a working partnership.

  4. 48 CFR 32.202-3 - Conducting market research about financing terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Conducting market research... 32.202-3 Conducting market research about financing terms. Contract financing may be a subject included in the market research conducted in accordance with part 10. If market research for contract...

  5. 48 CFR 32.202-3 - Conducting market research about financing terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Conducting market research... 32.202-3 Conducting market research about financing terms. Contract financing may be a subject included in the market research conducted in accordance with part 10. If market research for contract...

  6. Finance and marketing: birth of a profitable relationship.

    PubMed

    Frommelt, J J; Scheuerman, J L; Fillmore, J H

    1987-12-01

    As competition increases, the finance and marketing departments must work together to increase market share and improve the bottom line. If financial managers understand the functions of the marketing department, they can create a mutually beneficial and profitable relationship.

  7. 12 CFR 613.3010 - Financing for processing or marketing operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... overseeing the policies, business practices, management, and decision-making process of the legal entity; or... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financing for processing or marketing... for processing or marketing operations. (a) Eligible borrowers. A borrower is eligible for financing...

  8. Banking on Solar: Debt Finance in Today's Distributed Market (Poster)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Louder, T.

    Over the last two years, several entities - from banks to credit unions to solar finance companies -have rolled out distributed solar-specific loan programs in the United States. These solar-specific loans are a distinct loan in that the underwriting, loan terms, lender security interest, and other programmatic aspects are designed exclusively for the financing of solar installations. Until recently, loan financing for distributed solar installations was largely through home equity loans, commercial loans, and other standardized loan products available to homeowners and businesses for general expenditures. However, as the U.S. solar market matures, so too are its financing options, andmore » solar-specific loans stand to gain market share. This poster was presented at the Solar Power International conference in Las Vegas, NV in October 2014.« less

  9. Self-Study and Evaluation Guide. Section C-2: Accounting for Services and Finances.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Accreditation Council for Agencies Serving the Blind and Visually Handicapped, New York, NY.

    The self study and evaluation guide, one of 16 documents for accreditation of agencies serving the blind and visually handicapped, focuses on accounting for services and finances. Standards address five areas: planning for accounting for services and finances, service accounting systems, financial accounting systems, evaluation, and public…

  10. To Market, To Market: How to Make the Most of an Institution's Risk Financing.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Noel, Richard H.

    1996-01-01

    Discusses how higher education institutions can market their risk financing program to insurance brokers and insurance companies to obtain superior, cost effective coverage in the current buyer's market. Explains the development of a marketing package, the negotiating process, and the selection of brokers and insurance companies. (MDM)

  11. Finance salaries. Account the cost.

    PubMed

    Robling, Andy

    2003-02-06

    Post-qualification salaries have increased by 4-7 per cent, a slowdown on last year's figures when increases were often more than 10 per cent. The highest increases this year tended to be in medium-sized trusts where newly qualified accountants' salaries rose 8.2 per cent. Directors of finance in large trusts earn about 20 per cent more than in medium trusts and about 40 per cent more than in small ones. Newly qualified accountants in large trusts earn 5 per cent more than in medium-sized trusts and 13 per cent more than in small ones. The survey is based on an analysis of salaries from Hays' jobs database, and salaries of registered candidates.

  12. Health financing in Malawi: Evidence from National Health Accounts

    PubMed Central

    2010-01-01

    Background National health accounts provide useful information to understand the functioning of a health financing system. This article attempts to present a profile of the health system financing in Malawi using data from NHA. It specifically attempts to document the health financing situation in the country and proposes recommendations relevant for developing a comprehensive health financing policy and strategic plan. Methods Data from three rounds of national health accounts covering the Financial Years 1998/1999 to 2005/2006 was used to describe the flow of funds and their uses in the health system. Analysis was performed in line with the various NHA entities and health system financing functions. Results The total health expenditure per capita increased from US$ 12 in 1998/1999 to US$25 in 2005/2006. In 2005/2006 public, external and private contributions to the total health expenditure were 21.6%, 60.7% and 18.2% respectively. The country had not met the Abuja of allocating at least 15% of national budget on health. The percentage of total health expenditure from households' direct out-of-pocket payments decreased from 26% in 1998/99 to 12.1% in 2005/2006. Conclusion There is a need to increase government contribution to the total health expenditure to at least the levels of the Abuja Declaration of 15% of the national budget. In addition, the country urgently needs to develop and implement a prepaid health financing system within a comprehensive health financing policy and strategy with a view to assuring universal access to essential health services for all citizens. PMID:21062503

  13. Measuring the Alignment between States' Finance and Accountability Policies: The Opportunity Gap

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Della Sala, Matthew R.; Knoeppel, Robert C.

    2015-01-01

    The research described in this paper expands on attempts to conceptualize, measure, and evaluate the degree to which states have aligned their finance systems with their respective accountability policies. State education finance and accountability policies serve as levers to provide equal educational opportunities for all students--scholars have…

  14. Individual Learning Accounts and Other Models of Financing Lifelong Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schuetze, Hans G.

    2007-01-01

    To answer the question "Financing what?" this article distinguishes several models of lifelong learning as well as a variety of lifelong learning activities. Several financing methods are briefly reviewed, however the principal focus is on Individual Learning Accounts (ILAs) which were seen by some analysts as a promising model for…

  15. Risk Financing for Schools: The Capital Markets Approach.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rudolph, Richard G.

    1988-01-01

    The capital markets approach is an alternative means of risk financing whereby a school system establishes and controls its own insurance company and makes systematic contributions to pay for expected and anticipated losses and their associated costs. (MLF)

  16. Mobilizing Public Markets to Finance Renewable Energy Projects: Insights from Expert Stakeholders

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Schwabe, P.; Mendelsohn, M.; Mormann, F.

    Financing renewable energy projects in the United States can be a complex process. Most equity investment in new renewable power production facilities is supported by tax credits and accelerated depreciation benefits, and is constrained by the pool of potential investors that can fully use these tax benefits and are willing to engage in complex financial structures. For debt financing, non-government lending has largely been provided by foreign banks that may be under future lending constraints due to economic and regulatory conditions. To discuss renewable energy financing challenges and to identify new sources of capital to the U.S. market, two roundtablemore » discussions were held with renewable energy and financing experts in April 2012. This report summarizes the key messages of those discussions and is designed to provide insights to the U.S. market and inform the international conversation on renewable energy financing innovations.« less

  17. Topical Interface between Managerial Finance and Managerial Accounting.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Williams, Norman C.; Swanson, G. A.

    1988-01-01

    The authors present a method to examine the interfaces between business courses for redundancy. The method is demonstrated by examining the content in managerial finance and managerial accounting courses. A decision model application of analysis, expert judgment, and synthesis are incorporated in this method. (CH)

  18. Mountain Plains Learning Experience Guide: Marketing. Course: Business Finance and Control.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Egan, B.

    One of thirteen individualized courses included in a marketing curriculum, this course covers control of expenses, inventory control, analysis of financial statements, and government regulations pertaining to business. The course is comprised of three units: (1) Fundamentals of Finance, (2) Merchandise Finance and Control, and (3) Food and…

  19. Research on the Development of Green Finance in Shenzhen to Boost the Carbon Trading Market

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Jiping; Xiong, Siqin; Zhou, Yucheng; Zou, Zijian; Ma, Xiaoming

    2017-08-01

    This paper analyses the current development situations of Shenzhen carbon trading market and China’s green finance, and makes the policy recommendations for promoting the carbon trading market by developing green finance in Shenzhen. Shenzhen should take the lead in driving the localized application of green principle, and formulate Shenzhen green bond guidelines ASAP, to promote carbon trading associated enterprises to finance by using green bonds; it shall work to lower the threshold for financial institutions to participate in carbon trading market, and explore development of carbon derivatives.

  20. Market turbulence creates financing opportunity.

    PubMed

    Cooper, James H

    2012-03-01

    The flight to high-quality assets resulting from Standard & Poor's downgrade of the U.S. government's credit rating has dropped the yield on U.S. Treasury securities as investors have sought refuge amid uncertain market conditions. Consequently, hospitals can now obtain mortgage insurance from the U.S. government to finance expansions and refinance their debt with GNMA securities at taxable interest rates that are often more favorable than tax-exempt bond fixed rates. Because GNMA certificates can be sold in a forward purchase transaction that locks in a fixed interest rate while avoiding payment of interest until construction funds are disbursed, they can help avoid the effects of negative arbitrage.

  1. The role of employee flexible spending accounts in health care financing.

    PubMed

    Schweitzer, M; Asch, D A

    1996-08-01

    Employee flexible spending accounts for health care represent one component of the current health care financing system that merits serious reform. These accounts create a system of undesirable incentives, force employees and employers to take complicated gambles, reduce tax revenues, and fail to meet their purported policy objectives. This paper describes shortcomings in these accounts from both a theoretical and an empirical perspective. Some proposed alternatives; including medical spending accounts and zero balance accounts, resolve many of these concerns but not all of them.

  2. Essays on Market Microstructure, Behavioral Finance, and Asset Management

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jochec, Marek

    2009-01-01

    This is a study on various aspects of market microstructure, behavioral finance and asset management. In the first chapter we put the PIN variable (Probability of Information-based trading) to test. The PIN variable has been used extensively in the microstructure literature despite the fact that its construction is based on rather strong…

  3. Textbooks in Management, Marketing and Finance: An Analysis of Readability.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gallagher, Daniel J.; Thompson, G. Rodney

    1982-01-01

    Examines the readability of texts in basic junior level college courses in the fields of management, marketing, and finance. The readability model is described, along with its application and results. Specific texts and how they fared are listed in accompanying tables. (CT)

  4. Widening Participation and Contextual Entry Policy in Accounting and Finance

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rowbottom, N.

    2017-01-01

    The paper examines the performance of accounting and finance students entering university via a "widening participation" scheme that seeks to attract students who have been historically under-represented in higher education. Focus is placed on the policy of providing contextual entry offers that recognise that academic qualifications be…

  5. Educational Accountability in a Regulated Market

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Adams, Jacob E., Jr.; Hill, Paul T.

    2006-01-01

    Public debate about school choice is often polarized between those who favor and oppose total free markets in education. However, the serious intellectual work on choice focuses on more moderate alternatives that involve a mixture of public and private accountability. A regulated market model of educational accountability would mix government…

  6. Deciding Who Decides Questions at the Intersection of School Finance Reform Litigation and Standards-Based Accountability Policies

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Superfine, Benjamin Michael

    2009-01-01

    Courts hearing school finance reform cases have recently begun to consider several issues related to standards-based accountability policies. This convergence of school finance reform litigation and standards-based accountability policies represents a chance for the courts to reallocate decision-making authority for each type of reform across the…

  7. 49 CFR 1242.83 - Officers-general superintendence; accounting, auditing and finance; management services and data...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Officers-general superintendence; accounting, auditing and finance; management services and data processing; personnel and labor relations; legal and..., auditing and finance; management services and data processing; personnel and labor relations; legal and...

  8. 49 CFR 1242.83 - Officers-general superintendence; accounting, auditing and finance; management services and data...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Officers-general superintendence; accounting, auditing and finance; management services and data processing; personnel and labor relations; legal and..., auditing and finance; management services and data processing; personnel and labor relations; legal and...

  9. 49 CFR 1242.83 - Officers-general superintendence; accounting, auditing and finance; management services and data...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 9 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Officers-general superintendence; accounting, auditing and finance; management services and data processing; personnel and labor relations; legal and..., auditing and finance; management services and data processing; personnel and labor relations; legal and...

  10. 49 CFR 1242.83 - Officers-general superintendence; accounting, auditing and finance; management services and data...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 9 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Officers-general superintendence; accounting, auditing and finance; management services and data processing; personnel and labor relations; legal and..., auditing and finance; management services and data processing; personnel and labor relations; legal and...

  11. Thermodynamic analogies in economics and finance: instability of markets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McCauley, Joseph L.

    2003-11-01

    Interest in thermodynamic analogies in economics is older than the idea of von Neumann to look for market entropy in liquidity, advice that was not taken in any thermodynamic analogy presented so far in the literature. In this paper, we go further and use a standard strategy from trading theory to pinpoint why thermodynamic analogies necessarily fail to describe financial markets, in spite of the presence of liquidity as the underlying basis for market entropy. Market liquidity of frequently traded assets does play the role of the ‘heat bath‘, as anticipated by von Neumann, but we are able to identify the no-arbitrage condition geometrically as an assumption of translational and rotational invariance rather than (as finance theorists would claim) an equilibrium condition. We then use the empirical market distribution to introduce an asset's entropy and discuss the underlying reason why real financial markets cannot behave thermodynamically: financial markets are unstable, they do not approach statistical equilibrium, nor are there any available topological invariants on which to base a purely formal statistical mechanics. After discussing financial markets, we finally generalize our result by proposing that the idea of Adam Smith's Invisible Hand is a falsifiable proposition: we suggest how to test nonfinancial markets empirically for the stabilizing action of The Invisible Hand.

  12. Students' Expectations of a Career in Sales: A Comparison of Finance and Marketing Majors

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kuzma, Ann T.; Kuzma, John R.; Thiewes, Harold F.

    2009-01-01

    Many of the graduates majoring in Finance and Marketing will secure entry-level positions in sales, often beginning careers dedicated to the sale of financial products; yet, perceptions of this career vary significantly, dependent on a student's area of study. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the perceptions of Finance majors…

  13. 47 CFR 69.403 - Marketing expense (Account 6610).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Marketing expense (Account 6610). 69.403 Section 69.403 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) ACCESS CHARGES Apportionment of Expenses § 69.403 Marketing expense (Account 6610). Marketing...

  14. 47 CFR 69.403 - Marketing expense (Account 6610).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Marketing expense (Account 6610). 69.403 Section 69.403 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) ACCESS CHARGES Apportionment of Expenses § 69.403 Marketing expense (Account 6610). Marketing...

  15. 47 CFR 69.403 - Marketing expense (Account 6610).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Marketing expense (Account 6610). 69.403 Section 69.403 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) ACCESS CHARGES Apportionment of Expenses § 69.403 Marketing expense (Account 6610). Marketing...

  16. 47 CFR 69.403 - Marketing expense (Account 6610).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Marketing expense (Account 6610). 69.403 Section 69.403 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) ACCESS CHARGES Apportionment of Expenses § 69.403 Marketing expense (Account 6610). Marketing...

  17. 49 CFR 1242.83 - Officers-general superintendence; accounting, auditing and finance; management services and data...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., auditing and finance; management services and data processing; personnel and labor relations; legal and... on corporate income or payrolls; and other (accounts XX-63-01, XX-63-86, XX-63-87, XX-63-91, XX-63-92..., auditing and finance; management services and data processing; personnel and labor relations; legal and...

  18. 12 CFR 390.296 - Money Market Deposit Accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Money Market Deposit Accounts. 390.296 Section 390.296 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL... Affecting All State Savings Associations § 390.296 Money Market Deposit Accounts. (a) Money Market Deposit...

  19. 12 CFR 161.28 - Money Market Deposit Accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Money Market Deposit Accounts. 161.28 Section 161.28 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEFINITIONS FOR REGULATIONS AFFECTING ALL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 161.28 Money Market Deposit Accounts. (a) Money Market...

  20. 12 CFR 561.28 - Money Market Deposit Accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Money Market Deposit Accounts. 561.28 Section 561.28 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEFINITIONS FOR REGULATIONS AFFECTING ALL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 561.28 Money Market Deposit Accounts. (a) Money Market...

  1. 12 CFR 561.28 - Money Market Deposit Accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true Money Market Deposit Accounts. 561.28 Section 561.28 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEFINITIONS FOR REGULATIONS AFFECTING ALL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 561.28 Money Market Deposit Accounts. (a) Money Market...

  2. 12 CFR 161.28 - Money Market Deposit Accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Money Market Deposit Accounts. 161.28 Section 161.28 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEFINITIONS FOR REGULATIONS AFFECTING ALL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 161.28 Money Market Deposit Accounts. (a) Money Market...

  3. 12 CFR 561.28 - Money Market Deposit Accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Money Market Deposit Accounts. 561.28 Section 561.28 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEFINITIONS FOR REGULATIONS AFFECTING ALL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 561.28 Money Market Deposit Accounts. (a) Money Market...

  4. 12 CFR 390.296 - Money Market Deposit Accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Money Market Deposit Accounts. 390.296 Section 390.296 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL... Affecting All State Savings Associations § 390.296 Money Market Deposit Accounts. (a) Money Market Deposit...

  5. 12 CFR 561.28 - Money Market Deposit Accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true Money Market Deposit Accounts. 561.28 Section 561.28 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEFINITIONS FOR REGULATIONS AFFECTING ALL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 561.28 Money Market Deposit Accounts. (a) Money Market...

  6. 12 CFR 161.28 - Money Market Deposit Accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Money Market Deposit Accounts. 161.28 Section 161.28 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEFINITIONS FOR REGULATIONS AFFECTING ALL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 161.28 Money Market Deposit Accounts. (a) Money Market...

  7. 12 CFR 390.296 - Money Market Deposit Accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Money Market Deposit Accounts. 390.296 Section 390.296 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL... Affecting All State Savings Associations § 390.296 Money Market Deposit Accounts. (a) Money Market Deposit...

  8. Using evidence to strengthen accountability for health financing in Sierra Leone.

    PubMed

    Lebbie, Sowo A; Le Voir, Rosanna; Tom-Kargbo, Joanna; Yilla, Mohamed Drissa; Kamara, Abu Bakarr; Nam, Sara L

    2016-12-01

    In 2012, the government of Sierra Leone cut the national budget allocation to the health sector. Civil society organizations planned a nationwide health budget advocacy campaign, coinciding with the 2012 general elections, to hold future leaders to account on financing for women's and children's health. As part of the campaign, Evidence for Action produced district health budget tracking scorecards. The scorecards presented Ministry of Finance data on the allocation and disbursement of health funds in each district. The data were communicated using simple, non-technical language so that citizens could understand the key messages and take action. A total of 5600 scorecards were shared at district electoral forums attended by political candidates, community members, and health activists. Since the election, the proportion of the total government budget allocated to health increased from 7.4% in 2012 to 11.2% in 2014. However, transforming politicians' commitments and pledges into implementation has been challenging, confirming that accountability is a long-term process. Copyright © 2016 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Effects of 8Ps of Services Marketing on Student Selection of Self-Financing Sub-Degree Programmes in Hong Kong

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lau, Melissa May Yee

    2016-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the effects of 8Ps of services marketing affect students' selection of self-financing sub-degree programmes in Hong Kong. The factors that affect students' selection of self-financing sub-degree programmes have not been studied in higher education market of Hong Kong. This research is to…

  10. Financing nutrition services in a competitive market.

    PubMed

    Egan, M C; Kaufman, M

    1985-02-01

    Budget deficits and inflationary medical care costs threaten nutrition services, which until recently have been funded largely by federal, state, and local revenues. Nutritionists and dietitians responding to demands in the marketplace should develop innovative programs and pursue new sources for financing through the private sector, third-party payers, business/industry health promotion, and consumer fees for their services, as well as targeted federal, state, and locally funded food assistance, nutrition education, and health care programs. Trail-blazing dietitians are successfully offering their services in health maintenance organizations (HMOs), hospital or industry fitness programs, private practice, voluntary health agencies, and official agency programs. With the new federalism, nutritionists must articulate their role in comprehensive health care and market their services at the state and local levels in addition to the federal level. Nutrition services are defined to include assessment, planning, counseling, education, and referral to supportive agencies. Data management, managerial, and marketing skills must be developed for dietitians to compete effectively. Basic educational preparation and continuing education for practicing professionals must develop these competencies.

  11. UK PhD Assessment in Accounting and Finance: Social Capital in Action

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smith, Sarah Jane; Urquhart, Vivien

    2018-01-01

    Assessment lies at the centre of PhD degree quality standards, with quality assurance relying on independent external examiners. This study investigates the role of the viva and the selection of external examiners from within the accounting and finance discipline across UK institutions. A questionnaire survey and follow-up interviews with…

  12. Community-Based School Finance and Accountability: A New Era for Local Control in Education Policy?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vasquez Heilig, Julian; Ward, Derrick R.; Weisman, Eric; Cole, Heather

    2014-01-01

    Top-down accountability policies have arguably had very limited impact over the past 20 years. Education stakeholders are now contemplating new forms of bottom-up accountability. In 2013, policymakers in California enacted a community-based approach that creates the Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) process for school finance to increase…

  13. Financing Solar Installations with New Markets Tax Credits: Denver, Colorado (Fact Sheet)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Coughlin, J.

    Fact sheet provides a brief overview of New Markets Tax Credits (NMTCs), a third-party financing incentive for solar installations in the public sector. NMTCs are intended to encourage economic activity in low-income and disadvantaged neighborhoods. The use of NMTCs in an innovative solar project transaction by the City of Denver, Colorado, is highlighted.

  14. Communication impacting financial markets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vitting Andersen, Jørgen; Vrontos, Ioannis; Dellaportas, Petros; Galam, Serge

    2014-10-01

    Since the attribution of the Nobel prize in 2002 to Kahneman for prospect theory, behavioral finance has become an increasingly important subfield of finance. However the main parts of behavioral finance, prospect theory included, understand financial markets through individual investment behavior. Behavioral finance thereby ignores any interaction between participants. We introduce a socio-financial model (Vitting Andersen J. and Nowak A., An Introduction to Socio-Finance (Springer, Berlin) 2013) that studies the impact of communication on the pricing in financial markets. Considering the simplest possible case where each market participant has either a positive (bullish) or negative (bearish) sentiment with respect to the market, we model the evolution of the sentiment in the population due to communication in subgroups of different sizes. Nonlinear feedback effects between the market performance and changes in sentiments are taken into account by assuming that the market performance is dependent on changes in sentiments (e.g., a large sudden positive change in bullishness would lead to more buying). The market performance in turn has an impact on the sentiment through the transition probabilities to change an opinion in a group of a given size. The idea is that if for example the market has observed a recent downturn, it will be easier for even a bearish minority to convince a bullish majority to change opinion compared to the case where the meeting takes place in a bullish upturn of the market. Within the framework of our proposed model, financial markets stylized facts such as volatility clustering and extreme events may be perceived as arising due to abrupt sentiment changes via ongoing communication of the market participants. The model introduces a new volatility measure which is apt of capturing volatility clustering and from maximum-likelihood analysis we are able to apply the model to real data and give additional long term insight into where a market is

  15. Individual Health Accounts: An Alternative Health Care Financing Approach

    PubMed Central

    Stano, Miron

    1981-01-01

    After examining the major determinants of inefficiency in health care markets and several recent proposals to correct these problems, this paper introduces a market-oriented alternative which could be highly efficient while meeting all the established goals of a national health plan. To achieve these objectives, traditional forms of insurance would be replaced by a system with the following characteristics: (1) Instead of buying insurance, individuals and their employers would be required to contribute into individual health accounts from which each family would pay for medical care; (2) Once accumulations attain a designated level, any excess accumulations are distributed to the individual; and (3) A national health fund is established to support those without regular accumulations or those whose accounts have been depleted. This paper develops these principles to show how everyone would have access to care as well as the financial security normally associated with comprehensive insurance. But, by inducing many patients to behave as if they were paying for the full cost of care through reductions in potential earnings from their accounts, the paper explains how significant savings in total spending could also be achieved. PMID:10309471

  16. The ABC's of Financing Church and Synagogue Libraries. Acquiring Funds, Budgeting, Cash Accounting.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hannaford, Claudia

    The ABCs of financing church and synagogue libraries are presented in this guide as Acquiring Funds, Budgeting, and Cash Accounting. Acquiring funds and the basic means needed to start a library are described, including resources such as books, shelves, office supplies, and financial resources; ideas and methods are presented for soliciting both…

  17. New insights into health financing: First results of the international data collection under the System of Health Accounts 2011 framework.

    PubMed

    Mueller, Michael; Morgan, David

    2017-07-01

    International comparisons of health spending and financing are most frequently carried out using datasets of international organisations based on the System of Health Accounts (SHA). This accounting framework has recently been updated and 2016 saw the first international data collection under the new SHA 2011 guidelines. In addition to reaching better comparability of health spending figures and greater country coverage, the updated framework has seen changes in the dimension of health financing leading to important consequences when analysing health financing data. This article presents the first results of health spending and financing data collected under this new framework and highlights the areas where SHA 2011 has become a more useful tool for policy analysis, by complementing data on expenditure of health financing schemes with information about their revenue streams. It describes the major conceptual changes in the scope of health financing and highlights why comprehensive analyses based on SHA 2011 can provide for a more complete description and comparison of health financing across countries, facilitate a more meaningful discussion of fiscal sustainability of health spending by also analysing the revenues of compulsory public schemes and help to clarify the role of governments in financing health care - which is generally much bigger than previously documented. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Integer programming applications: Bond trading, mortgage backed security financing, and FASB 115 accounting

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nauss, R.

    1994-12-31

    In this review we describe three integer programming applications involving fixed income securities. A bond trading model is presented that features a number of possible different objectives and collections of constraints including future interest rate scenarios. A mortgage backed security (MBS) financing model that accounts for potential defaults in the MBS is also presented. Finally we describe an approach to allocate collections of bank securities into three categories: hold to maturity, available for sale, or trading. Placement of securities in these categories affects the capital, net income, and liquidity of a bank according to new accounting rules promulgated by themore » Financial Accounting Standards Board.« less

  19. Market and behavioral barriers to energy efficiency: A preliminary evaluation of the case for tariff financing in California

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fujita, K. Sydny

    Consumers regularly forgo purchases of high efficiency appliances that appear to be cost effective at a reasonable rate of return. While some argue that this is a true revelation of preferences for appliance features, this 'efficiency gap' can be largely explained by a combination of market and behavioral failures that reduce consumers ability to evaluate the relative value of appliances and skew preferences toward initial cost savings, undervaluing future reductions in operating costs. These failures and barriers include externalities of energy use, imperfect competition between manufacturers, asymmetric information, bounded rationality, split incentives, and transaction costs (Golove 1996). Recognizing the socialmore » benefit of energy conservation, several major methods are used by policymakers to ensure that efficient appliances are purchased: minimum efficiency standards, Energy Star labeling, and rebates and tax credits. There is no single market for energy services; there are hundreds of uses, thousands of intermediaries, and millions of users, and likewise, no single appropriate government intervention (Golove 1996). Complementary approaches must be implemented, considering policy and institutional limitations. In this paper, I first lay out the rationale for government intervention by addressing the market and behavioral failures and barriers that arise in the context of residential energy efficiency. I then consider the ways in which some of these failures and barriers are addressed through major federal programs and state and utility level programs that leverage them, as well as identifying barriers that are not addressed by currently implemented programs. Heterogeneity of consumers, lack of financing options, and split incentives of landlords and tenants contribute significantly to the under-adoption of efficient appliances. To quantify the size of the market most affected by these barriers, I estimate the number of appliances, and in particular the

  20. Section 1603 Treasury Grant Expiration. Industry Insight on Financing and Market Implications

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mendelsohn, Michael; Harper, John

    In the wake of the 2008-2009 financial crises, tax equity investors largely withdrew from the market, resulting in stagnation of project development. In response, Congress established the Treasury grant program pursuant to Section 1603 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (Section 1603 Program) to offer a cash payment in lieu of a production and investment tax credit. This study addresses the likely project financing and market impacts from the expiration of the Section 1603 Program. The authors assembled an array of insights offered by financial executives active in the renewable energy (RE) market during conference panel discussions and inmore » presentations, direct interviews, and email correspondences. This analysis found that the Section 1603 Program alleviated the need to monetize the tax credit incentives through specialized investors, helped lower the transaction and financing costs associated with renewable electricity projects, and generally supported an extensive build-out of renewable power generation capacity. With the expiration of the Section 1603 Program, smaller or less-established renewable power developers will have more difficulty attracting needed financial capital and completing their projects, development of projects relying on newer or 'innovative' technologies will likely slow as traditional tax equity investors are known to be highly averse to technology risk in the projects they fund, and, finally, projects relying on tax equity may be more expensive to develop due to higher transaction costs and potentially higher yields required to attract tax equity.« less

  1. Section 1603 Treasury Grant Expiration: Industry Insight on Financing and Market Implications

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mendelsohn, M.; Harper, J.

    In the wake of the 2008-2009 financial crises, tax equity investors largely withdrew from the market, resulting in stagnation of project development. In response, Congress established the Treasury grant program pursuant to Section 1603 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (..Section..1603 Program) to offer a cash payment in lieu of a production and investment tax credit. This study addresses the likely project financing and market impacts from the expiration of the ..Section..1603 Program. The authors assembled an array of insights offered by financial executives active in the renewable energy (RE) market during conference panel discussions and in presentations, directmore » interviews, and email correspondences. This analysis found that the ..Section..1603 Program alleviated the need to monetize the tax credit incentives through specialized investors, helped lower the transaction and financing costs associated with renewable electricity projects, and generally supported an extensive build-out of renewable power generation capacity. With the expiration of the ..Section..1603 Program, smaller or less-established renewable power developers will have more difficulty attracting needed financial capital and completing their projects, development of projects relying on newer or 'innovative' technologies will likely slow as traditional tax equity investors are known to be highly averse to technology risk in the projects they fund, and, finally, projects relying on tax equity may be more expensive to develop due to higher transaction costs and potentially higher yields required to attract tax equity.« less

  2. Financial Reporting for the Defense Logistics Agency - General Funds at Defense Finance and Accounting Service Columbus

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2002-01-18

    the largest net abnormal balances, totaling $20.9 million (finding A). We audited the financial reporting procedures that Defense Finance and Accounting Service Columbus used to report on Treasury Index 97 funds.

  3. Job Satisfaction among Accounting and Finance Academics: Empirical Evidence from Irish Higher Education Institutions

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Byrne, Marann; Chughtai, Aamir Ali; Flood, Barbara; Willis, Pauline

    2012-01-01

    The central aim of the present study was to examine the levels of job satisfaction among accounting and finance academics in Irish higher education institutions. Additionally, this research sought to uncover the factors linked to the overall job satisfaction of these teachers. The findings showed that while, participants were generally satisfied…

  4. 31 CFR 586.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the funds are invested in a money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 586.203 Section 586.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  5. 31 CFR 598.206 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... a money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this section, a rate is... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 598.206 Section 598.206 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  6. 31 CFR 543.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... are invested in a money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this section, a... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 543.203 Section 543.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  7. 31 CFR 597.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, provided the funds are invested in a money market fund or in... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 597.203 Section 597.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  8. 31 CFR 541.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this section, a rate is commercially... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 541.203 Section 541.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  9. 31 CFR 540.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... funds are invested in a money market fund or U.S. Treasury Bills. (2) For purposes of this section, a... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 540.203 Section 540.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  10. 31 CFR 548.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this section, a rate is commercially... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 548.203 Section 548.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  11. 31 CFR 542.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, provided the funds are invested in a money market fund or in... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 542.203 Section 542.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  12. 31 CFR 588.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... are invested in a money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this section, a... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 588.203 Section 588.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  13. 31 CFR 551.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this section, a rate is commercially... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 551.203 Section 551.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  14. 31 CFR 546.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this section, a rate is commercially... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 546.203 Section 546.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  15. 31 CFR 547.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the funds are invested in a money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 547.203 Section 547.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  16. 31 CFR 538.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, provided the funds are invested in a money market fund or in... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 538.203 Section 538.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  17. Division of Finance Homepage

    Science.gov Websites

    Search the Division of Finance site DOF State of Alaska Finance Home Content Area Accounting Charge Cards IRIS HRM Login LearnAlaska SFOA SharePoint Site Vendor Self Service (VSS) Content Area Accounting Dunayski, Accounting Services Lead Danielle Meier, State E-Travel Manager Stephanie Church, IRIS Financial

  18. 31 CFR 587.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., provided the funds are invested in a money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 587.203 Section 587.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  19. 31 CFR 544.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....), provided the funds are invested in a money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 544.203 Section 544.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  20. 48 CFR 12.210 - Contract financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract financing. 12.210... financing. Customary market practice for some commercial items may include buyer contract financing. The contracting officer may offer Government financing in accordance with the policies and procedures in part 32. ...

  1. Insurance Accounts: The Cultural Logics of Health Care Financing.

    PubMed

    Mulligan, Jessica

    2016-03-01

    The financial exuberance that eventually culminated in the recent world economic crisis also ushered in dramatic shifts in how health care is financed, administered, and imagined. Drawing on research conducted in the mid-2000s at a health insurance company in Puerto Rico, this article shows how health care has been financialized in many ways that include: (1) privatizing public services; (2) engineering new insurance products like high deductible plans and health savings accounts; (3) applying financial techniques to premium payments to yield maximum profitability; (4) a managerial focus on shareholder value; and (5) prioritizing mergers and financial speculation. The article argues that financial techniques obfuscate how much health care costs, foster widespread gaming of reimbursement systems that drives up prices, and "unpool" risk by devolving financial and moral responsibility for health care onto individual consumers. © 2015 by the American Anthropological Association.

  2. The Influence of Finance and Accountability Policies on Location of New York State Charter Schools

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bifulco, Robert; Buerger, Christian

    2015-01-01

    This article identifies a set of location incentives created by New York's charter school financing and accountability provisions. We then use regression models to examine the location of charter schools across and within districts. We find that charter schools (1) are significantly more likely to locate in districts with high operating expenses…

  3. Can health care financing policy be emulated? The Singaporean medical savings accounts model and its Shanghai replica.

    PubMed

    Dong, Weizhen

    2006-09-01

    Each nation's government is searching for a cost-effective health care system. Some nations are developing their health care financing methods through gradual evolution of the existing ones, and others are trying to adopt other nations' successful schemes as their own financing strategies. The Singaporean government seems able to finance its nation's health care with a very low gross domestic product (GDP) input. Since the implementation of the medical savings accounts schemes (MSAs) in 1984, Singaporean government's share of the nation's total health care expenditure dropped from about 50% to 20%. Inspired by Singapore's success, the Chinese government adopted the Singaporean MSAs model as its health care financing schemes for urban areas. Shanghai was the first large urban centre to implement the MSAs in China. Through the study of the Singapore and Shanghai experiences, this article examines whether it is rational to borrow another nation's health care financing model, especially when the two societies have very different socioeconomic characteristics. However, the MSAs' success in Singapore did not guarantee its Shanghai success, because health care systems do not work alone. Through study of the MSAs' experiences in Singapore and Shanghai, this paper examines whether it is rational to borrow another nation's health care financing model, especially when the two societies have very different socioeconomic characteristics.

  4. 31 CFR 593.203 - Holding of blocked funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.), provided the funds are invested in a money market fund or in U.S. Treasury... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of blocked funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 593.203 Section 593.203 Money and Finance: Treasury...

  5. The cost conundrum: financing the business of health care insurance.

    PubMed

    Kelly, Annemarie

    2013-01-01

    Health care spending in both the governmental and private sectors skyrocketed over the last century. This article examines the rapid growth of health care expenditures by analyzing the extent of this financial boom as well some of the reasons why health care financing has become so expensive. It also explores how the market concentration of insurance companies has led to growing insurer profits, fewer insurance providers, and less market competition. Based on economic data primarily from the Government Accountability Office, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and the American Medical Associa tion, it has become clear that this country needs more competitive rates for the business of health insurance. Because of the unique dynamics of health insurance payments and financing, America needs to promote affordability and innovation in the health insurance market and lower the market's high concentration levels. In the face of booming insurance profits, soaring premiums, many believe that in our consolidated health insurance market, the "business of insurance" should not be exempt from antitrust laws. All in all, it is in our nation's best interest that Congress restore the application of antitrust laws to health sector insurers by passing the Health Insurance Industry Antitrust Enforcement Act as an amendment to the McCarran-Ferguson Act's "business of insurance" provision.

  6. Analysis of Performance Factors for Accounting and Finance Related Business Courses in a Distance Education Environment

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Benligiray, Serdar; Onay, Ahmet

    2017-01-01

    The objective of this study is to explore business courses performance factors with a focus on accounting and finance. Course score interrelations are assumed to represent interpretable constructs of these factors. Factor analysis is proposed to identify the constructs that explain the correlations. Factor analysis results identify three…

  7. 75 FR 16453 - Nasdaq OMX Commodities Clearing-Finance, LLC; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market-Based Rate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. ER10-914-000] Nasdaq OMX Commodities Clearing--Finance, LLC; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market-Based Rate Filing Includes Request for Blanket Section 204 Authorization March 25, 2010. This is a supplemental notice in the above-referenced proceeding of Nasdaq OMX...

  8. State of the art in benefit-risk analysis: economics and marketing-finance.

    PubMed

    Kalogeras, N; Odekerken-Schröder, G; Pennings, J M E; Gunnlaugsdóttir, H; Holm, F; Leino, O; Luteijn, J M; Magnússon, S H; Pohjola, M V; Tijhuis, M J; Tuomisto, J T; Ueland, Ø; White, B C; Verhagen, H

    2012-01-01

    All market participants (e.g., investors, producers, consumers) accept a certain level of risk as necessary to achieve certain benefits. There are many types of risk including price, production, financial, institutional, and individual human risks. All these risks should be effectively managed in order to derive the utmost of benefits and avoid disruption and/or catastrophic economic consequences for the food industry. The identification, analysis, determination, and understanding of the benefit-risk trade-offs of market participants in the food markets may help policy makers, financial analysts and marketers to make well-informed and effective corporate investment strategies in order to deal with highly uncertain and risky situations. In this paper, we discuss the role that benefits and risks play in the formation of the decision-making process of market-participants, who are engaged in the upstream and downstream stages of the food supply chain. In addition, we review the most common approaches (expected utility model and psychometrics) for measuring benefit-risk trade-offs in the economics and marketing-finance literature, and different factors that may affect the economic behaviour in the light of benefit-risk analyses. Building on the findings of our review, we introduce a conceptual framework to study the benefit-risk behaviour of market participants. Specifically, we suggest the decoupling of benefits and risks into the separate components of utilitarian benefits, hedonic benefits, and risk attitude and risk perception, respectively. Predicting and explaining how market participants in the food industry form their overall attitude in light of benefit-risk trade-offs may be critical for policy-makers and managers who need to understand the drivers of the economic behaviour of market participants with respect to production, marketing and consumption of food products. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Coign of Vantage and Action: Considering California's Local Accountability and School Finance Plans for English Learners

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vasquez Heilig, Julian; Romero, Lisa S.; Hopkins, Megan

    2017-01-01

    Local control has been a bedrock principle of public schooling in America since its inception. In 2013, the California Legislature codified a new local accountability approach for school finance. An important component of the new California Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) approach is a focus on English learners (ELs). The law mandates that…

  10. 17 CFR 248.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... account number information for marketing purposes. (a) General prohibition on disclosure of account... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes. 248.12 Section 248.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges...

  11. Account planning: applying an advertising discipline to health communication and social marketing.

    PubMed

    Mackert, Michael

    2012-01-01

    As health marketers seek new models to design campaigns, the advertising discipline of account planning offers an approach that can improve campaign development. The underlying principle of account planning is to bring the consumer perspective to all phases of campaign development, primarily through qualitative formative research. Account planners design the overall communication strategy and contribute to creative development of individual executions. The creative brief, a primary tool of account planning, is especially useful in conceptualizing campaigns. This report discusses the history and approach of account planning, followed by an example of account planning in the design of a social marketing campaign.

  12. Comparative Evaluation of Financing Programs: Insights From California’s Experience

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Deason, Jeff

    Berkeley Lab examines criteria for a comparative assessment of multiple financing programs for energy efficiency, developed through a statewide public process in California. The state legislature directed the California Alternative Energy and Advanced Transportation Financing Authority (CAEATFA) to develop these criteria. CAEATFA's report to the legislature, an invaluable reference for other jurisdictions considering these topics, discusses the proposed criteria and the rationales behind them in detail. Berkeley Lab's brief focuses on several salient issues that emerged during the criteria development and discussion process. Many of these issues are likely to arise in other states that plan to evaluate the impactsmore » of energy efficiency financing programs, whether for a single program or multiple programs. Issues discussed in the brief include: -The stakeholder process to develop the proposed assessment criteria -Attribution of outcomes - such as energy savings - to financing programs vs. other drivers -Choosing the outcome metric of primary interest: program take-up levels vs. savings -The use of net benefits vs. benefit-cost ratios for cost-effectiveness evaluation -Non-energy factors -Consumer protection factors -Market transformation impacts -Accommodating varying program goals in a multi-program evaluation -Accounting for costs and risks borne by various parties, including taxpayers and utility customers, in cost-effectiveness analysis -How to account for potential synergies among programs in a multi-program evaluation« less

  13. Quantitative Finance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    James, Jessica

    2017-01-01

    Quantitative finance is a field that has risen to prominence over the last few decades. It encompasses the complex models and calculations that value financial contracts, particularly those which reference events in the future, and apply probabilities to these events. While adding greatly to the flexibility of the market available to corporations and investors, it has also been blamed for worsening the impact of financial crises. But what exactly does quantitative finance encompass, and where did these ideas and models originate? We show that the mathematics behind finance and behind games of chance have tracked each other closely over the centuries and that many well-known physicists and mathematicians have contributed to the field.

  14. Why Finance Should Care about Ecology.

    PubMed

    Scholtens, Bert

    2017-07-01

    Finance ignores ecosystems, which has resulted in a growing list of environmental and social problems. In this article, the importance of ecology for finance is assessed. We suggest The piece also suggests that the financial intermediation perspective can align finance and ecology for the benefit of society. This requires that financial institutions account for information about the impact of finance on the environment and vice versa, and that they are held accountable by their supervisors in this domain. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Annotated Bibliography on School Finance: Policy and Political Issues; Federal Government; State Issues; Non-Public Schools; Accountability.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gipson, Joella

    Limited to periodical literature, this annotated bibliography on school finance contains 81 references grouped in 5 categories: (1) policy and politica issues, (2) federal government, (3) state issues, (4) aid to nonpublic schools, and (5) accountability. Following the bibliographic citations, annotations range from 4 to 15 lines and conclude by…

  16. Mixture Hidden Markov Models in Finance Research

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dias, José G.; Vermunt, Jeroen K.; Ramos, Sofia

    Finite mixture models have proven to be a powerful framework whenever unobserved heterogeneity cannot be ignored. We introduce in finance research the Mixture Hidden Markov Model (MHMM) that takes into account time and space heterogeneity simultaneously. This approach is flexible in the sense that it can deal with the specific features of financial time series data, such as asymmetry, kurtosis, and unobserved heterogeneity. This methodology is applied to model simultaneously 12 time series of Asian stock markets indexes. Because we selected a heterogeneous sample of countries including both developed and emerging countries, we expect that heterogeneity in market returns due to country idiosyncrasies will show up in the results. The best fitting model was the one with two clusters at country level with different dynamics between the two regimes.

  17. 78 FR 52982 - Experian, Experian US Headquarters: Corporate Departments (Finance, HRMD, Contracts, Corporate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-27

    ...,506R] Experian, Experian US Headquarters: Corporate Departments (Finance, HRMD, Contracts, Corporate... Headquarters: Corporate Departments (finance, HRMD, Contracts, Corporate Marketing, Global Corporate Systems... (finance, HRMD, Contracts, Corporate Marketing, Global Corporate Systems, Legal & Regulatory, Risk...

  18. Learning Marketing Accounting Skills in the Introductory Marketing Course: The Development, Use, and Acceptance of a Self-Study Tutorial

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chen, Yi Ju; Greenberg, Barnett; Dickson, Peter; Goodrich, Jonathan

    2012-01-01

    A self-study tutorial designed to teach, through a learning-by-doing application, how important marketing accounting is to the whole firm, and why every business graduate should have a solid understanding of marketing accounting is tested using an exam and satisfaction survey. Performance on the exam and satisfaction with the tutorial depended…

  19. 17 CFR 160.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ....12 Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes. (a) General prohibition on... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes. 160.12 Section 160.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges...

  20. 75 FR 10317 - DHL Global Forwarding, A Subsidiary of DP DHL, Finance and Accounting Divisions, Including...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-05

    ... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-70,857; TA-W-70,857A; TA-W-70,857B; TA-W-70,857C; TA-W-70,857D] DHL Global Forwarding, A Subsidiary of DP DHL, Finance and Accounting Divisions, Including Workers Whose Wages Are Reported to Danzas, Radix and Air Express Plantation, FL; DHL Global Forwarding, A Subsidiary of DP DHL...

  1. Higher Education Finance Manual 1975.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Collier, Douglas J.; Mertins, Paul J.

    The Higher Education Finance Manual (HEFM) is intended to serve as a guide to higher education planners and managers in their understanding and use of institutional finance data. It addresses higher education finance data from the layman's perspective. The document includes definitions of accounting terms and descriptions of generally accepted…

  2. The impact of competition among health care financing authorities on market yields and issuer interest expenses.

    PubMed

    Bernet, Patrick M; Carpenter, Caryl E; Saunders, Warren

    2011-01-01

    The main source of capital for non-for-profit health care organizations is tax-exempt municipal bonds. The tax-exempt nature of this debt requires that they be issued through financing authorities, which are run by, or affiliated with, state or local government agencies. In some states, all tax-exempt health care bonds must be issued through a single financing authority, but in other states the issuing health care organization has a choice of multiple authorities. Using a Herfindahl index of issuer concentration, prior research has found that greater competition among authorities results in lower interest costs to the issuing health care organization. We pick up where this earlier study left off, examining the links between authority competition, the interest expenses to the issuer, and the yield to the market investor. Although our analysis of all hospital bonds issued between 1994 and 2002 corroborates earlier findings with regard to interest expenses to the issuing health care organization, we also find market yield is lower for statewide authorities where issuer concentration is lower. Thus, authority competition is good from the issuers' point of view, but holds no favor in the investors' eyes. On the other hand, the lower market yield associated with statewide authorities does not make its way down to the issuer in the form of lower interest costs. To help sort through this paradox, we explore our findings through interviews of executives in state issuing authorities.

  3. PV Project Finance in the United States, 2016

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Feldman, David; Lowder, Travis; Schwabe, Paul

    This brief is a compilation of data points and market insights that reflect the state of the project finance market for solar photovoltaic (PV) assets in the United States as of the third quarter of 2016. This information can generally be used as a simplified benchmark of the costs associated with securing financing for solar PV as well as the cost of the financing itself (i.e., the cost of capital). Three sources of capital are considered -- tax equity, sponsor equity, and debt -- across three segments of the PV marketplace.

  4. Accountable Care Organizations in California: Market Forces at Work?

    PubMed

    Whaley, Christopher; Frech, H E; Scheffler, Richard M

    2015-08-01

    Accountable care organizations (ACOs), one of the most recent and promising health care delivery innovations, encourage care coordination among providers. While ACOs hold promise for decreasing costs by reducing unnecessary procedures, improving resource use as a result of economies of scale and scope, ACOs also raise concerns about provider market power. This study examines the market-level competition factors that are associated with ACO participation and the number of ACOs. Using data from California, we find that higher levels of preexisting managed care leads to higher ACO entry and enrollment growth, while hospital concentration leads to fewer ACOs and lower enrollment. We find interesting results for physician market power - markets with concentrated physician markets have a smaller share of individuals in commercial ACOs but a larger number of commercial ACO organizations. This finding implies smaller ACOs in these markets. Copyright © 2015 by Duke University Press.

  5. Analysis of Bonds as an Instrument for Financing Mining Investments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ranosz, Robert

    2017-06-01

    The purpose of this article is to examine the structure of financing for mining enterprises in the years 2007-2013, with particular emphasis on bonds. The document pays special attention to Polish mining enterprises. The financing structure analysis was based on data collected from financial statements (cash flows) of the largest mining companies in Poland, and their comparison with the results of global mining enterprises pursuant to reports prepared by international advisory firms. The article takes into account capital sources such as: corporate bonds, bank loans and issue of shares. As indicated by the performed analysis, mining enterprises both around the world and in Poland are increasingly eager to take advantage of obtaining business financing from issue of corporate bonds. It should also be recognized that in the analyzed period, both global and Polish mining enterprises deviate from forms of financing such as issue of shares. This may be caused by the fact that the bonds market in Poland is becoming increasingly popular, mainly due to interest rate on bonds being lower in comparison with bank loans. Another reason may be that banks and potential buyers of shares are less eager to finance this type of investment due to a relatively substantial risk acceptable to bondholders.

  6. Control and accountability in the NHS market: a practical proposition or logical impossibility?

    PubMed

    Glynn, J J; Perkins, D

    1998-01-01

    Before the imposition of the NHS internal market, systems of accountability and control were far from adequate and could be criticized on a number of grounds. The market was offered as a panacea to address these inadequacies. However, in practice there have only been partial improvements which could have been achieved without the imposition of the market. The market also creates new problems and a number of crises and scandals seem to be addressed at the political level by pleas to utilize resources more effectively. These pleas mean that more and more the focus is turning back to central planning in the provision of care and further away from so-called market mechanisms. The NHS "managed" market has been imperfect and will continue to be so. Argues that there is no alternative but to return to the planned provision of health care in order to improve on accountability and control in the NHS. Hopefully the adverse impact of the market on clinicians and others will force a more rational reappraisal of the fundamental raison d'être of the NHS and the need for those involved in the delivery of services, at all levels, to be more openly accountable.

  7. 31 CFR 363.208 - Can I transfer my marketable Treasury security from my TreasuryDirect ® account to an account in...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... security from my TreasuryDirect ® account to an account in another book-entry system? 363.208 Section 363..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Marketable Treasury Securities § 363.208 Can I transfer my marketable Treasury security from my Treasury...

  8. 26 CFR 1.501(c)(16)-1 - Corporations organized to finance crop operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Corporations organized to finance crop operations... Corporations organized to finance crop operations. A corporation organized by a farmers' cooperative marketing... exempt under section 521 and the financing corporation is operated in conjunction with the marketing or...

  9. Terms, Trends, and Insights: PV Project Finance in the United States, 2017

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Feldman, David J; Schwabe, Paul D

    This brief is a compilation of data points and market insights that reflect the state of the project finance market for solar photovoltaic (PV) assets in the United States as of the third quarter of 2017. This information can generally be used as a simplified benchmark of the costs associated with securing financing for solar PV as well as the cost of the financing itself (i.e., the cost of capital). This work represents the second DOE sponsored effort to benchmark financing costs across the residential, commercial, and utility-scale PV markets, as part of its larger effort to benchmark the componentsmore » of PV system costs.« less

  10. 31 CFR 562.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... IRANIAN HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 562.203 Holding of funds in interest... accounts; investment and reinvestment. 562.203 Section 562.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... the funds are invested in a money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this...

  11. 31 CFR 562.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... IRANIAN HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 562.203 Holding of funds in interest... accounts; investment and reinvestment. 562.203 Section 562.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... the funds are invested in a money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this...

  12. 31 CFR 562.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... IRANIAN HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 562.203 Holding of funds in interest... accounts; investment and reinvestment. 562.203 Section 562.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... the funds are invested in a money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this...

  13. 31 CFR 562.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... IRANIAN HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 562.203 Holding of funds in interest... accounts; investment and reinvestment. 562.203 Section 562.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... the funds are invested in a money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this...

  14. Use of Online Information Resources by RMIT University Economics, Finance, and Marketing Students Participating in a Cooperative Education Program

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Costa, Cathy

    2009-01-01

    This paper examines the use of online information resources by Economics, Finance, and Marketing 3rd year students in a cooperative education program and explores some possible factors and issues that influence how students use these resources. The nature of Work Integrated Learning (WIL) programs, the business information environment, and the…

  15. Directory of financing sources for foreign energy projects

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    La Ferla, L.

    1995-09-01

    The Office of National Security Policy has produced this Directory of Financing Sources for Foreign Energy Projects. The Directory reviews programs that offer financing from US government agencies, multilateral organizations, public, private, and quasi-private investment funds, and local commercial and state development banks. The main US government agencies covered are the US Agency for International Development (USAID), the Export-Import Bank of the US (EXIM Bank), Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), US Department of Energy, US Department of Defense, and the US Trade and Development Agency (TDA). Other US Government Sources includes market funds that have been in part capitalized usingmore » US government agency funds. Multilateral organizations include the World Bank, International Finance Corporation (IFC), Asian Development Bank (ADB), European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and various organizations of the United Nations. The Directory lists available public, private, and quasi-private sources of financing in key emerging markets in the Newly Independent States and other developing countries of strategic interest to the US Department of Energy. The sources of financing listed in this directory should be considered indicative rather than inclusive of all potential sources of financing. Initial focus is on the Russian Federation, Ukraine, india, China, and Pakistan. Separate self-contained sections have been developed for each of the countries to enable the user to readily access market-specific information and to support country-specific Departmental initiatives. For each country, the directory is organized to follow the project life cycle--from prefeasibility, feasibility, project finance, cofinancing, and trade finance, through to technical assistance and training. Programs on investment and export insurance are excluded.« less

  16. Planning and Marketing: Two Keys to a Recreation Center's Success.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Downs, Joseph P.

    1983-01-01

    Indoor recreational facilities in Fairfax County, Virginia, owe their success to (1) development of comprehensive plans, which take into account site location, community needs, area trends, and financing possibilities, and (2) use of continuous marketing strategies. The centers are self-supporting. Each offers a variety of recreation/sports…

  17. Factors associated with lease financing in the hospital industry.

    PubMed

    McCue, Michael J

    2007-01-01

    In contrast to capital leases, which are reported on the balance sheet as debt, operating leases are a form of off-balance sheet financing only reported in the notes to the financial statement and have limited disclosure requirements. Following the perpetuity method of corporate finance, this study developed a capitalized operating lease value for hospitals. Evaluating the substitutability between lease and debt financing, the findings show a marginal displacement of debt by lease financing. Assessing the relationship of market, mission, operating, and financial factors on lease financing for all short-term, acute-care hospitals across the United States, the results indicate that investor-owned hospital management companies and hospitals located in CON markets are less likely to lease and that smaller hospitals with fewer unoccupied beds, higher proportion of government payers, low liquidity, and lower capital expenditures are more likely to lease.

  18. 31 CFR 281.8 - Reporting and accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Reporting and accounting. 281.8 Section 281.8 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL... Reporting and accounting. The Treasury Department will maintain a system of central accounting and reporting...

  19. Should the Defense Fuel Supply Center Trade in the Futures Market?

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-12-01

    reform, and Federal and State Law. 4 Over 30 hours of personal interviews were conducted with people from DFSC, the Department of Energy (DOE), the...Management, Finance and Accounting, and Personal Staff. (Defense Logistics Agency Command Support Office, 1993) Of particular interest is the Office of...member can beat the market price, attract hungry customers, improve personal market share, and thereby improve total revenue and profits. In effect

  20. Education Finance in the New Millennium. Yearbook of the American Education Finance Association, 2001.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chaikind, Stephen, Ed.; Fowler, William J., Ed.

    This yearbook reaffirms the connections between the field of education finance and the wider education community. Among the topics it examines are curricula reform, outcome assessment, accountability, community control, and privatization. Twelve chapters include: (1) "Education Finance in the New Millennium: Overview and Summary" (Stephen Chaikind…

  1. Solar Photovoltaic Financing: Deployment by Federal Government Agencies

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cory, K.; Coggeshall, C.; Coughlin, J.

    2009-07-01

    The goal of this report is to examine how federal agencies can finance on-site PV projects. It explains state-level cash incentives available, the importance of solar renewable energy certificate revenues (in certain markets), existing financing structures, as well as innovative financing structures being used by federal agencies to deploy on-site PV. Specific examples from the DOD, DOE, and other federal agencies are highlighted to explain federal project financing in detail.

  2. Innovative Financing of Higher Education: Changing Options and Implications

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Panigrahi, Jinusha

    2018-01-01

    With the onset of new public management, there is a shift in the methods of financing of higher education institutions across the countries of the world, particularly emerging market economies, from public financing to private financing of higher education. Many countries adopted this shift very quickly while others have moved towards a gradual…

  3. [Evolution and new perspectives of health care financing in developing countries].

    PubMed

    Audibert, Martine; Mathonnat, Jacky; de Roodenbeke, Eric

    2003-01-01

    Over the last twenty five years, the perspective of health care financing has dramatically changed in developing countries. In this context, it is worth reviewing the literature and the experiences in order to understand the major shifts on this topic. During the sixties, health care policies focused on fighting major epidemics. Programs were dedicated to reduce the threat to population health. Financing related to the mobilization of resources for these programs and most of them were not managed within national administrations. The success of these policies was not sustainable. After Alma Ata, primary health care became a priority but it took some years before the management of the health care district was introduced as a major topic. In the eighties, with the district policy and the Bamako Initiative, the economic approach became a major part of all health care policies. At that time, most of health care financing was related to cost recovery strategies. All the attention was then drawn on how it worked: Fee policies, distribution of revenues, efficient use of resources and so on. In the second half of the nineties, cost recovery was relegated to the back scene, health care financing policy then becoming a major front scene matter. Two major reasons may explain this change in perspective: HIV which causes a major burden on the whole health system, and fighting poverty in relation with debts reduction. In most developing countries, with high HIV prevalence, access to care is no longer possible within the framework of the ongoing heath care financing scheme. Health plays a major role in poverty reduction strategies but health care officials must take into account every aspect of public financing. New facts also have to be taken into account: Decentralization/autonomy policies, the growing role of third party payment and the rising number of qualified health care professionals. All these facts, along with a broader emphasis given to the market, introduce a need for

  4. The Performing School: The Effects of Market & Accountability Policies

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Falabella, Alejandra

    2014-01-01

    Market and accountability educational reforms have proliferated around the globe, along with high expectations of solving countries' school quality deficits and inequities. In this paper I develop an analytical framework from a critical sociology angle for analyzing the effects of these policies within schools. First I discuss conceptually the…

  5. Student Attitude towards and Use of Powerpoint[R] Slides as Study Guides in Undergraduate Introductory Financial Accounting

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kozub, Robert M.

    2010-01-01

    This study examines undergraduate business students' attitude towards and use of Powerpoint[R] slides provided as a supplement to class attendance, textbook reading, and other traditional course resources. A survey of students with six majors (accounting, finance, marketing, management, international business and management information systems)…

  6. 31 CFR 598.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 598.301 Section 598.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... REGULATIONS General Definitions § 598.301 Blocked account; blocked property. The terms blocked account and...

  7. 31 CFR 598.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 598.301 Section 598.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... REGULATIONS General Definitions § 598.301 Blocked account; blocked property. The terms blocked account and...

  8. 31 CFR 598.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 598.301 Section 598.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... REGULATIONS General Definitions § 598.301 Blocked account; blocked property. The terms blocked account and...

  9. 31 CFR 598.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 598.301 Section 598.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... REGULATIONS General Definitions § 598.301 Blocked account; blocked property. The terms blocked account and...

  10. 31 CFR 510.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 510.301 Section 510.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... Definitions § 510.301 Blocked account; blocked property. The terms blocked account and blocked property shall...

  11. 31 CFR 510.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 510.301 Section 510.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... Definitions § 510.301 Blocked account; blocked property. The terms blocked account and blocked property shall...

  12. 31 CFR 510.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 510.301 Section 510.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... Definitions § 510.301 Blocked account; blocked property. The terms blocked account and blocked property shall...

  13. Challenges of stimulating a market for social innovation - provision of a national health account.

    PubMed

    Wass, Sofie; Vimarlund, Vivian

    2015-01-01

    Innovation in healthcare can be associated with social innovation and the mission to contribute to a shared value that benefits not only individuals or organizations but the society as a whole. In this paper, we present the prerequisites of stimulating a market for social innovations by studying the introduction of a national health account. The results show that there is a need to clarify if a national health account should be viewed as a public good or not, to clarify the financial responsibilities of different actors, to establish clear guidelines and to develop regulations concerning price, quality and certification of actors. The ambition to stimulate the market through a national health account is a promising start. However, the challenges have to be confronted in order for public and private actors to collaborate and build a market for social innovations such as a national health account.

  14. Avoiding potential problems when selling accounts receivable.

    PubMed

    Ayers, D H; Kincaid, T J

    1996-05-01

    Accounts receivable financing is a potential tool for managing a provider organization's working capital needs. But before entering into a financing agreement, organizations need to consider and take steps to avoid serious problems that can arise from participation in an accounts receivable financing program. For example, the purchaser may cease purchasing the receivables, leaving the organization without funding needed for operations. Or, the financing program may be inordinately complex and unnecessarily costly to the organization. Sometimes the organization itself may fail to comply with the terms of the agreement under which the accounts receivable were sold, thus necessitating that restitution be made to the purchaser or provoking charges of fraud. These potential problems should be addressed as early as possible--before an organization enters into an accounts receivable financing program--in order to minimize time, effort, and expanse and maximize the benefits of the financing agreement.

  15. Capital financing options for group practices.

    PubMed

    Galtney, B

    2000-05-01

    Group practices that are looking for capital partners need to demonstrate that they have the necessary management capability to operate a successful business capable of repaying the debt. Two basic types of debt financing are available to group practices: fixed-rate financing and variable-rate financing. Fixed-rate financing, the more common method, involves borrowing a specific amount of money and then paying off the debt in principal-and-interest payments, much like a fixed-rate mortgage. Variable-rate financing, on the other hand, involves obtaining a letter of credit from the lender itself or independent guarantor to secure a loan. The variable-rate method is more efficient and flexible, because the notes secured by the letter of credit can be rated independently and sold into public capital markets like short-term, variable-rate paper. Both types of financing can require the personal guarantee of all physicians in the group practice.

  16. Renewable Energy Project Financing: Impacts of the Financial Crisis and Federal Legislation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Schwabe, P.; Cory, K.; Newcomb, J.

    2009-07-01

    Extraordinary financial market conditions have disrupted the flows of equity and debt investment into U.S. renewable energy (RE) projects since the fourth quarter of 2008. The pace and structure of renewable energy project finance has been reshaped by a combination of forces, including the financial crisis, global economic recession, and major changes in federal legislation affecting renewable energy finance. This report explores the impacts of these key market events on renewable energy project financing and development.

  17. 13 CFR 108.710 - Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises. 108.710 Section 108.710 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS... Eligibility of A Small Business for Nmvc Financing § 108.710 Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises. (a...

  18. 13 CFR 108.710 - Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises. 108.710 Section 108.710 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS... Eligibility of A Small Business for Nmvc Financing § 108.710 Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises. (a...

  19. 13 CFR 108.710 - Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises. 108.710 Section 108.710 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS... Eligibility of A Small Business for Nmvc Financing § 108.710 Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises. (a...

  20. 13 CFR 108.710 - Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises. 108.710 Section 108.710 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS... Eligibility of A Small Business for Nmvc Financing § 108.710 Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises. (a...

  1. Lessons learned in shaping vaccine markets in low-income countries: a review of the vaccine market segment supported by the GAVI Alliance.

    PubMed

    Gilchrist, Shawn A N; Nanni, Angeline

    2013-12-01

    The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) anticipated that growing demand for new vaccines could sufficiently impact the vaccines market to allow low-income countries (LICs) to self-finance new vaccines. But the time required to lower vaccine prices was underestimated and the amount that prices would decline overestimated. To better understand how prices in the LIC vaccine market can be impacted, the vaccine market was retrospectively examined. GAVI archives and the published literature on the vaccine markets in LICs were reviewed for the purpose of identifying GAVI's early assumptions for the evolution of vaccine prices, and contrasting these retrospectively with actual outcomes. The prices in Phases I and II of GAVI-supported vaccines failed to decline to a desirable level within a projected 5-year timeframe. GAVI-eligible countries were unable to sustain newly introduced vaccines without prolonged donor support. Two key lessons can be applied to future vaccine market-shaping strategies: (1) accurate demand forecasting together with committed donor funding can increase supply to the LIC vaccines market, but even greater strides can be made to increase the certainty of purchase; and (2) the expected time to lower prices took much longer than 5 years; market competition is inherently linked to the development time for new vaccines--a minimum of 5-10 or more years. Other factors that can lower vaccine prices include: large-scale production or alternate financing mechanisms that can hasten vaccine price maturation. The impacts of competition on vaccine prices in the LIC new-vaccines market occurred after almost 10 years. The time for research and development, acquisition of technological know-how and to scale production must be accounted for to more accurately predict significant declines on vaccine prices. Alternate financing mechanisms and the use of purchase agreements should also be considered for lowering prices when planning new vaccine

  2. Model application of Murabahah financing acknowledgement statement of Sharia accounting standard No 59 Year 2002

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Muda, Iskandar; Panjaitan, Rohdearni; Erlina; Ginting, Syafruddin; Maksum, Azhar; Abubakar

    2018-03-01

    The purpose of this research is to observe murabahah financing implantation model. Observations were made on one of the sharia banks going public in Indonesia. Form of implementation of such implementation in the form of financing given the exact facilities and maximum financing, then the provision of financing should be adjusted to the type, business conditions and business plans prospective mudharib. If the financing provided is too low with the mudharib requirement not reaching the target and the financing is not refundable.

  3. To Market, to Market: An Historic Account of How Schools Have Marketed Themselves over the Past 150 Years

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hooper, Carole

    2011-01-01

    This article provides an historical account of how fee-charging Victorian schools have marketed themselves over the past 150 years (via the use of advertisements, brochures, and prospectuses) in order to promote those aspects of schooling believed to be of most importance to potential customers (parents). While some of the features--most notably…

  4. Healthcare M&A: critical issues in today's fast-paced market.

    PubMed

    Ralph, Ron

    2015-09-01

    In an accelerating market for healthcare mergers and acquisitions, parties to a potential deal should consider the following factors when assessing risk and reward: Economic, business, and cultural forces. Funding issues and financing structures. Potential complications during due diligence. The critical importance of effective postmerger integration. The numerous regulatory, tax, and accounting issues that can affect an acquisition.

  5. Public Finance Administration. Second Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reed, B. J.; Swain, John W.

    This book is intended for the nonexpert in finance who has a public administration background. It opens with a broad introduction to public finance administration and how this job is related to public budgeting, the practice of public-sector accounting, and the economic concepts of money and value. Issues surrounding public revenue, its sources,…

  6. Compilation of FY 1997 Air Force General Funds Consolidated Financial Statements at the Defense Finance and Accounting Service Denver Center.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-10-05

    Consolidated Financial Statements to the Air Force Audit Agency. The Defense Finance and Accounting Service Denver Center maintained accounting records and prepared the FY 1997 financial statements for the Air Force. More than $343 billion in total assets was reported at year’s end in these statements, and total revenues for the year exceeded $64 billion. The Air Force Audit Agency disclaimed an opinion on these statements. Additionally, although the Office of Management and Budget does not require budgetary resource reporting until FY 1998, the Air Force

  7. Education Funding and Student Outcomes: A Conceptual Framework for Measurement of the Alignment of State Education Finance and Academic Accountability Policies

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Knoeppel, Robert C.; Della Sala, Matthew R.

    2015-01-01

    The conceptualization and measurement of education finance equity and adequacy has engaged researchers for more than three decades. At the same time, calls for increased academic accountability and higher student achievement in K-12 public education have reached new levels at both the national and state levels. Aligning these represents an…

  8. 31 CFR 538.527 - Operation of accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Operation of accounts. 538.527 Section 538.527 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... processed through the account: (a) Are of a personal nature and not for use in supporting or operating a...

  9. 31 CFR 538.527 - Operation of accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Operation of accounts. 538.527 Section 538.527 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... processed through the account: (a) Are of a personal nature and not for use in supporting or operating a...

  10. 31 CFR 537.521 - Operation of accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Operation of accounts. 537.521 Section 537.521 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... that each transaction processed through the account: (a) Is of a personal nature and not for use in...

  11. 31 CFR 537.521 - Operation of accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Operation of accounts. 537.521 Section 537.521 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... that each transaction processed through the account: (a) Is of a personal nature and not for use in...

  12. 31 CFR 538.527 - Operation of accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Operation of accounts. 538.527 Section 538.527 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... processed through the account: (a) Are of a personal nature and not for use in supporting or operating a...

  13. Space Projects: Improvements Needed in Selecting Future Projects for Private Financing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1990-01-01

    The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and NASA jointly selected seven projects for commercialization to reduce NASA's fiscal year 1990 budget request and to help achieve the goal of increasing private sector involvement in space. However, the efforts to privately finance these seven projects did not increase the commercial sector's involvement in space to the extent desired. The General Accounting Office (GAO) determined that the projects selected were not a fair test of the potential of increasing commercial investment in space at an acceptable cost to the government, primarily because the projects were not properly screened. That is, neither their suitability for commercialization nor the economic consequences of seeking private financing for them were adequately evaluated before selection. Evaluations and market tests done after selection showed that most of the projects were not viable candidates for private financing. GAO concluded that projects should not be removed from NASA's budget for commercial development until after careful screening has been done to determine whether adequate commercial demand exists, development risks are commercially acceptable and private financing is found or judged to be highly likely, and the cost effectiveness of such a decision is acceptable. Premature removal of projects from NASA's budget ultimately can cause project delays and increased costs when unsuccessful commercialization candidates must be returned to the budget. NASA also needs to ensure appropriate comparisons of government and private financing options for future commercialization projects.

  14. Taking a Step Forward in Public Health Finance: Establishing Standards for a Uniform Chart of Accounts Crosswalk.

    PubMed

    Honoré, Peggy A; Leider, Jonathon P; Singletary, Vivian; Ross, David A

    2015-01-01

    In its 2012 report on the current and future states of public health finance, the Institute of Medicine noted, with concern, the relative lack of capacity for practitioners and researchers alike to make comparisons between health department expenditures across the country. This is due in part to different accounting systems, service portfolios, and state- or agency-specific reporting requirements. The Institute of Medicine called for a uniform chart of accounts, perhaps building on existing efforts such as the Public Health Uniform National Data Systems (PHUND$). Shortly thereafter, a group was convened to work with public health practitioners and researchers to develop a uniform chart of accounts crosswalk. A year-long process was undertaken to create the crosswalk. This commentary discusses that process, challenges encountered along the way and provides a draft crosswalk in line with the Foundational Public Health Services model that, if used by health departments, could allow for meaningful comparisons between agencies.

  15. Energy Upgrades at City-Owned Facilities: Understanding Accounting for Energy Efficiency Financing Options. City of Dubuque Case Study

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Leventis, Greg; Schiller, Steve; Kramer, Chris

    The city of Dubuque, Iowa, aimed for a twofer — lower energy costs for public facilities and reduced air emissions. To achieve that goal, the city partnered with the Iowa Economic Development Authority to establish a revolving loan fund to finance energy efficiency and other energy projects at city facilities. But the city needed to understand approaches for financing energy projects to achieve both of their goals in a manner that would not be considered debt — in this case, obligations booked as a liability on the city’s balance sheet. With funding from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Climate Actionmore » Champions Initiative, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) provided technical assistance to the city to identify strategies to achieve these goals. Revolving loans use a source of money to fund initial cost-saving projects, such as energy efficiency investments, then use the repayments and interest from these loans to support subsequent projects. Berkeley Lab and the city examined two approaches to explore whether revolving loans could potentially be treated as non-debt: 1) financing arrangements containing a non-appropriation clause and 2) shared savings agreements. This fact sheet discusses both, including considerations that may factor into their treatment as debt from an accounting perspective.« less

  16. 7 CFR 1738.19 - Facilities financed.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... broadband loans to finance broadband facilities leased under the terms of a capital lease as defined in... under the terms of an operating lease as defined in generally accepted accounting principles. (c) RUS... applicant. (e) RUS will not make a broadband loan to finance the following items: (1) Customer terminal...

  17. Conception of a cost accounting model for doctors' offices.

    PubMed

    Britzelmaier, Bernd; Eller, Brigitte

    2004-01-01

    Physicians are required, due to economical, financial, competitive, demographical and market-induced framework conditions, to pay increasing attention to the entrepreneurial administration of their offices. Because of restructuring policies throughout the public health system--on the grounds of increasing financing problems--more and better transparency of costs will be indispensable in all fields of medical activities in the future. The more cost-conscious public health insurance institutions or other public health funds will need professional cost accounting systems, which will provide, for minimum maintenance expense, standardised basis cost information as a device for decision. The conception of cost accounting for doctors' offices presented in this paper shows an integrated cost accounting approach based on activity and marginal costing philosophy. The conception presented provides a suitable basis for the development of standard software for cost accounting systems for doctors' offices.

  18. Energy storage financing :

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Baxter, Richard

    Project financing is emerging as the linchpin for the future health, direction, and momentum of the energy storage industry. Market leaders have so far relied on selffunding or captive lending arrangements to fund projects. New lenders are proceeding hesitantly as they lack a full understanding of the technology, business, and credit risks involved in this rapidly changing market. The U.S. Department of Energy is poised to play a critical role in expanding access to capital by reducing the barriers to entry for new lenders, and providing trusted analytical benchmarks to better judge and price the risk in systematic ways.

  19. [Market and ageing].

    PubMed

    Joël, M-E

    2005-06-01

    Ageing can be defined as growth of the proportion of elderly people in the population, but also as a group of transformations in life cycles: older age at time of first job, marriage, birth of first child, early retirement, longer life expectancy, active retirement, greater number of dependent persons. The economic impact of the ageing population has been extensively studied from the perspective of the social security fund. In France and in most developed countries, population ageing has considerably destabilized social accounting creating a gap between a system thought out after WWII and the present social environment. The current response of social security system to elderly person's needs is considered inadequate. There are however other consequences of ageing. It is important to measure the upheaval caused by longer life expectancy and changing life stages on all markets. Three kinds of markets are involved in different ways: job market, services market for the elderly and all goods market for seniors and golden aged. Many studies have focused on the links between economic production and physiological ageing. The traditional organisation of working conditions stresses working intensity over experience, young workers'capabilities over than those of older workers. The link between age and the job market can also be analyzed by considering supply and demand for employment for workers over 50. Another question is the workforce shortage forecasted in some sectors (health and social sectors in particular) and the role of immigration. Growth in the supply of long-term care will require restructuring of the sector's logistics and financing. Certain trends are appearing: government authorities are reducing their supply of services, private production is increasing, public financing is being maintained, and individual contributions are growing while the role of insurance has remained stagnant. A qualitative analysis of the markets also shows heterogeneous workers

  20. 31 CFR 542.515 - Operation of accounts authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Operation of accounts authorized. 542.515 Section 542.515 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... transactions processed through the account: (a) Are of a personal nature and not for use in supporting or...

  1. 12 CFR 40.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Limits on sharing account number information... OF THE TREASURY PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Limits on Disclosures § 40.12 Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes. (a) General prohibition on disclosure of...

  2. 16 CFR 313.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Limits on sharing account number information... REGULATIONS UNDER SPECIFIC ACTS OF CONGRESS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Limits on Disclosures § 313.12 Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes. (a) General prohibition on...

  3. Interministerial Order No. 6498/89 of 28 November 1989 creating renewable Financing Account attached to the Directorate of Waters and Forests and the Provincial Offices of Waters and Forests concerned with the project Management and Protection of Forests.

    PubMed

    1989-01-01

    This Madagascar Order creates a Renewable Financing Account to finance the activities of the Management and Protection of Forests project. The Account is to pay the expenses of the project in sums set out in the Order for the various parts of the project. Further provisions of the Decree describe the duties of the manager of the Account.

  4. Potential of Securitization in Solar PV Finance

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lowder, Travis; Mendelsohn, Michael

    This report aims to demonstrate, hypothetically and at a high level, what volumes of solar deployment could be supported given solar industry access to the capital markets in the form of security issuance. Securitization is not anticipated to replace tax equity in the near- to mid-term, but it could provide an additional source of funds that would be comparatively inexpensive and could reduce the weighted average cost of capital for a given solar project or portfolio. Thus, the potential to securitize solar assets and seek financing in the capital markets could help to sustain the solar industry when the investmentmore » tax credit (ITC) -- one of the federal incentives that has leveraged billions of dollars of private capital in the solar industry -- drops from 30% to 10% at the close of 2016. The report offers analysis on the size of the U.S. third-party financed solar market, as well as on the volumes (in MW) of solar asset origination possible through a $100 million securitization fund (assuming no overcollateralization). It also provides data on the size of the relevant securities markets and how the solar asset class may fit into these markets.« less

  5. 12 CFR 332.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Limits on sharing account number information... REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Limits on Disclosures § 332.12 Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes. (a) General prohibition on...

  6. 12 CFR 216.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Limits on sharing account number information... GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Limits on Disclosures § 216.12 Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes. (a) General...

  7. 12 CFR 573.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Limits on sharing account number information..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Limits on Disclosures § 573.12 Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes. (a) General prohibition on disclosure of...

  8. Poverty & health: criticality of public financing.

    PubMed

    Duggal, Ravi

    2007-10-01

    Countries with universal or near universal access to healthcare have health financing mechanisms which are single-payer systems in which either a single autonomous public agency or a few coordinated agencies pool resources to finance healthcare. This contributes to both equity in healthcare as well as to low levels of poverty in these countries. It is only in countries like India and a number of developing countries, which still rely mostly on out-of-pocket payments, where universal access to healthcare is elusive. In such countries those who have the capacity to buy healthcare from the market most often get healthcare without having to pay for it directly because they are either covered by social insurance or buy private insurance. In contrast, a large majority of the population, who suffers a hand-to-mouth existence, is forced to make direct payments, often with a heavy burden of debt, to access healthcare from the market because public provision is grossly inadequate or non existent. Thus, the absence of adequate public health investment not only results in poor health outcomes but it also leads to escalation of poverty. This article critically reviews the linkages of poverty with healthcare financing using evidence from national surveys and concludes that public financing is critical to good access to healthcare for the poor and its inadequacy is closely associated with poverty levels in the country.

  9. 48 CFR 32.207 - Administration and payment of commercial financing payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... contractual information, and the account(s) (see 32.206(d)) to be charged for the payment. (c) Management of... of commercial financing payments. 32.207 Section 32.207 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Commercial Item...

  10. 75 FR 65197 - Use of Public Housing Capital Funds for Financing Activities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-21

    ..., lenders cannot view PHAs or their stand-alone projects as market-rate financing, but rather that private.... Response: This CFFP final rule permits PHAs to size their financing either on the project level, or on an... Funds for Financing Activities; Final Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 75 , No. 203 / Thursday...

  11. Miller Table Company: A Profit Analysis Case Integrating Managerial Accounting, Microeconomics and Marketing

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miller, Louise

    2014-01-01

    This paper describes a unique integrative business case appropriate for use in a managerial accounting course or other business courses related to economics or marketing. The case describes a scenario in which a managerial accountant is assisting in business decisions relating to factors influencing the profitability of a small manufacturing…

  12. Fractals and Forecasting in Earthquakes and Finance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rundle, J. B.; Holliday, J. R.; Turcotte, D. L.

    2011-12-01

    It is now recognized that Benoit Mandelbrot's fractals play a critical role in describing a vast range of physical and social phenomena. Here we focus on two systems, earthquakes and finance. Since 1942, earthquakes have been characterized by the Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency relation, which in more recent times is often written as a moment-frequency power law. A similar relation can be shown to hold for financial markets. Moreover, a recent New York Times article, titled "A Richter Scale for the Markets" [1] summarized the emerging viewpoint that stock market crashes can be described with similar ideas as large and great earthquakes. The idea that stock market crashes can be related in any way to earthquake phenomena has its roots in Mandelbrot's 1963 work on speculative prices in commodities markets such as cotton [2]. He pointed out that Gaussian statistics did not account for the excessive number of booms and busts that characterize such markets. Here we show that both earthquakes and financial crashes can both be described by a common Landau-Ginzburg-type free energy model, involving the presence of a classical limit of stability, or spinodal. These metastable systems are characterized by fractal statistics near the spinodal. For earthquakes, the independent ("order") parameter is the slip deficit along a fault, whereas for the financial markets, it is financial leverage in place. For financial markets, asset values play the role of a free energy. In both systems, a common set of techniques can be used to compute the probabilities of future earthquakes or crashes. In the case of financial models, the probabilities are closely related to implied volatility, an important component of Black-Scholes models for stock valuations. [2] B. Mandelbrot, The variation of certain speculative prices, J. Business, 36, 294 (1963)

  13. Energy Finance Data Warehouse Manual

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lee, Sangkeun; Chinthavali, Supriya; Shankar, Mallikarjun

    The Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis s finance team (EPSA-50) requires a suite of automated applications that can extract specific data from a flexible data warehouse (where datasets characterizing energy-related finance, economics and markets are maintained and integrated), perform relevant operations and creatively visualize them to provide a better understanding of what policy options affect various operators/sectors of the electricity system. In addition, the underlying data warehouse should be structured in the most effective and efficient way so that it can become increasingly valuable over time. This report describes the Energy Finance Data Warehouse (EFDW) framework that hasmore » been developed to accomplish the defined requirement above. We also specifically dive into the Sankey generator use-case scenario to explain the components of the EFDW framework and their roles. An excel-based data warehouse was used in the creation of the energy finance Sankey diagram and other detailed data finance visualizations to support energy policy analysis. The framework also captures the methodology, calculations and estimations analysts used for the calculation as well as relevant sources so newer analysts can build on work done previously.« less

  14. Interest rates in quantum finance: Caps, swaptions and bond options

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baaquie, Belal E.

    2010-01-01

    The prices of the main interest rate options in the financial markets, derived from the Libor (London Interbank Overnight Rate), are studied in the quantum finance model of interest rates. The option prices show new features for the Libor Market Model arising from the fact that, in the quantum finance formulation, all the different Libor payments are coupled and (imperfectly) correlated. Black’s caplet formula for quantum finance is given an exact path integral derivation. The coupon and zero coupon bond options as well as the Libor European and Asian swaptions are derived in the framework of quantum finance. The approximate Libor option prices are derived using the volatility expansion. The BGM-Jamshidian (Gatarek et al. (1996) [1], Jamshidian (1997) [2]) result for the Libor swaption prices is obtained as the limiting case when all the Libors are exactly correlated. A path integral derivation is given of the approximate BGM-Jamshidian approximate price.

  15. 31 CFR 598.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... 598.301 Section 598.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... REGULATIONS General Definitions § 598.301 Blocked account; blocked property. The terms blocked account and blocked property mean any account or property subject to § 598.202 held in the name of a specially...

  16. 13 CFR 108.820 - Financings in the form of guarantees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financings in the form of guarantees. 108.820 Section 108.820 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS VENTURE CAPITAL (âNMVCâ) PROGRAM Financing of Small Businesses by NMVC Companies Structuring Nmvc Company...

  17. 31 CFR 363.209 - How can I direct that my marketable Treasury security be sold on the open market (Sell Direct ®)?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How can I direct that my marketable Treasury security be sold on the open market (Sell Direct ®)? 363.209 Section 363.209 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY...

  18. 12 CFR 573.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... access number or access code, does not include a number or code in an encrypted form, as long as you do... account number or similar form of access number or access code for a consumer's credit card account... or access code: (1) To your agent or service provider solely in order to perform marketing for your...

  19. 12 CFR 573.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... access number or access code, does not include a number or code in an encrypted form, as long as you do... account number or similar form of access number or access code for a consumer's credit card account... or access code: (1) To your agent or service provider solely in order to perform marketing for your...

  20. The futility of utility: how market dynamics marginalize Adam Smith

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McCauley, Joseph L.

    2000-10-01

    Economic theorizing is based on the postulated, nonempiric notion of utility. Economists assume that prices, dynamics, and market equilibria are supposed to be derived from utility. The results are supposed to represent mathematically the stabilizing action of Adam Smith's invisible hand. In deterministic excess demand dynamics I show the following. A utility function generally does not exist mathematically due to nonintegrable dynamics when production/investment are accounted for, resolving Mirowski's thesis. Price as a function of demand does not exist mathematically either. All equilibria are unstable. I then explain how deterministic chaos can be distinguished from random noise at short times. In the generalization to liquid markets and finance theory described by stochastic excess demand dynamics, I also show the following. Market price distributions cannot be rescaled to describe price movements as ‘equilibrium’ fluctuations about a systematic drift in price. Utility maximization does not describe equilibrium. Maximization of the Gibbs entropy of the observed price distribution of an asset would describe equilibrium, if equilibrium could be achieved, but equilibrium does not describe real, liquid markets (stocks, bonds, foreign exchange). There are three inconsistent definitions of equilibrium used in economics and finance, only one of which is correct. Prices in unregulated free markets are unstable against both noise and rising or falling expectations: Adam Smith's stabilizing invisible hand does not exist, either in mathematical models of liquid market data, or in real market data.

  1. Interest rates in quantum finance: the Wilson expansion and Hamiltonian.

    PubMed

    Baaquie, Belal E

    2009-10-01

    Interest rate instruments form a major component of the capital markets. The Libor market model (LMM) is the finance industry standard interest rate model for both Libor and Euribor, which are the most important interest rates. The quantum finance formulation of the Libor market model is given in this paper and leads to a key generalization: all the Libors, for different future times, are imperfectly correlated. A key difference between a forward interest rate model and the LMM lies in the fact that the LMM is calibrated directly from the observed market interest rates. The short distance Wilson expansion [Phys. Rev. 179, 1499 (1969)] of a Gaussian quantum field is shown to provide the generalization of Ito calculus; in particular, the Wilson expansion of the Gaussian quantum field A(t,x) driving the Libors yields a derivation of the Libor drift term that incorporates imperfect correlations of the different Libors. The logarithm of Libor phi(t,x) is defined and provides an efficient and compact representation of the quantum field theory of the Libor market model. The Lagrangian and Feynman path integrals of the Libor market model of interest rates are obtained, as well as a derivation given by its Hamiltonian. The Hamiltonian formulation of the martingale condition provides an exact solution for the nonlinear drift of the Libor market model. The quantum finance formulation of the LMM is shown to reduce to the industry standard Bruce-Gatarek-Musiela-Jamshidian model when the forward interest rates are taken to be exactly correlated.

  2. Community Wind: Once Again Pushing the Envelope of Project Finance

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    bolinger, Mark A.

    In the United States, the 'community wind' sector - loosely defined here as consisting of relatively small utility-scale wind power projects that sell power on the wholesale market and that are developed and owned primarily by local investors - has historically served as a 'test bed' or 'proving grounds' for up-and-coming wind turbine manufacturers that are trying to break into the U.S. wind power market. For example, community wind projects - and primarily those located in the state of Minnesota - have deployed the first U.S. installations of wind turbines from Suzlon (in 2003), DeWind (2008), Americas Wind Energy (2008)more » and later Emergya Wind Technologies (2010), Goldwind (2009), AAER/Pioneer (2009), Nordic Windpower (2010), Unison (2010), and Alstom (2011). Thus far, one of these turbine manufacturers - Suzlon - has subsequently achieved some success in the broader U.S. wind market as well. Just as it has provided a proving grounds for new turbines, so too has the community wind sector served as a laboratory for experimentation with innovative new financing structures. For example, a variation of one of the most common financing arrangements in the U.S. wind market today - the special allocation partnership flip structure (see Figure 1 in Section 2.1) - was first developed by community wind projects in Minnesota more than a decade ago (and is therefore sometimes referred to as the 'Minnesota flip' model) before being adopted by the broader wind market. More recently, a handful of community wind projects built over the past year have been financed via new and creative structures that push the envelope of wind project finance in the U.S. - in many cases, moving beyond the now-standard partnership flip structures involving strategic tax equity investors. These include: (1) a 4.5 MW project in Maine that combines low-cost government debt with local tax equity, (2) a 25.3 MW project in Minnesota using a sale/leaseback structure, (3) a 10.5 MW project in South

  3. Frontiers of finance: evolution and efficient markets.

    PubMed

    Farmer, J D; Lo, A W

    1999-08-31

    In this review article, we explore several recent advances in the quantitative modeling of financial markets. We begin with the Efficient Markets Hypothesis and describe how this controversial idea has stimulated a number of new directions of research, some focusing on more elaborate mathematical models that are capable of rationalizing the empirical facts, others taking a completely different tack in rejecting rationality altogether. One of the most promising directions is to view financial markets from a biological perspective and, specifically, within an evolutionary framework in which markets, instruments, institutions, and investors interact and evolve dynamically according to the "law" of economic selection. Under this view, financial agents compete and adapt, but they do not necessarily do so in an optimal fashion. Evolutionary and ecological models of financial markets is truly a new frontier whose exploration has just begun.

  4. Frontiers of finance: Evolution and efficient markets

    PubMed Central

    Farmer, J. Doyne; Lo, Andrew W.

    1999-01-01

    In this review article, we explore several recent advances in the quantitative modeling of financial markets. We begin with the Efficient Markets Hypothesis and describe how this controversial idea has stimulated a number of new directions of research, some focusing on more elaborate mathematical models that are capable of rationalizing the empirical facts, others taking a completely different tack in rejecting rationality altogether. One of the most promising directions is to view financial markets from a biological perspective and, specifically, within an evolutionary framework in which markets, instruments, institutions, and investors interact and evolve dynamically according to the “law” of economic selection. Under this view, financial agents compete and adapt, but they do not necessarily do so in an optimal fashion. Evolutionary and ecological models of financial markets is truly a new frontier whose exploration has just begun. PMID:10468547

  5. 12 CFR 226.54 - Limitations on the imposition of finance charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Limitations on the imposition of finance... imposition of finance charges. (a) Limitations on imposing finance charges as a result of the loss of a grace... impose finance charges as a result of the loss of a grace period on a credit card account under an open...

  6. 12 CFR 226.54 - Limitations on the imposition of finance charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Limitations on the imposition of finance... imposition of finance charges. (a) Limitations on imposing finance charges as a result of the loss of a grace... impose finance charges as a result of the loss of a grace period on a credit card account under an open...

  7. 12 CFR 716.12 - Limits on sharing of account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Limits on sharing of account number information... REGULATIONS AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Limits on Disclosures § 716.12 Limits on sharing of account number information for marketing purposes. (a) General prohibition on...

  8. Feynman perturbation expansion for the price of coupon bond options and swaptions in quantum finance. II. Empirical

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baaquie, Belal E.; Liang, Cui

    2007-01-01

    The quantum finance pricing formulas for coupon bond options and swaptions derived by Baaquie [Phys. Rev. E 75, 016703 (2006)] are reviewed. We empirically study the swaption market and propose an efficient computational procedure for analyzing the data. Empirical results of the swaption price, volatility, and swaption correlation are compared with the predictions of quantum finance. The quantum finance model generates the market swaption price to over 90% accuracy.

  9. Feynman perturbation expansion for the price of coupon bond options and swaptions in quantum finance. II. Empirical.

    PubMed

    Baaquie, Belal E; Liang, Cui

    2007-01-01

    The quantum finance pricing formulas for coupon bond options and swaptions derived by Baaquie [Phys. Rev. E 75, 016703 (2006)] are reviewed. We empirically study the swaption market and propose an efficient computational procedure for analyzing the data. Empirical results of the swaption price, volatility, and swaption correlation are compared with the predictions of quantum finance. The quantum finance model generates the market swaption price to over 90% accuracy.

  10. Assessing Usage and Maximizing Finance Lab Impact: A Case Exploration

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Noguera, Magdy; Budden, Michael Craig; Silva, Alberto

    2011-01-01

    This paper reports the results of a survey conducted to assess students' usage and perceptions of a finance lab. Finance labs differ from simple computer labs as they typically contain data boards, streaming market quotes, terminals and software that allow for real-time financial analyses. Despite the fact that such labs represent significant and…

  11. 13 CFR 108.710 - Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Requirement to finance Low-Income Enterprises. 108.710 Section 108.710 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS VENTURE CAPITAL (âNMVCâ) PROGRAM Financing of Small Businesses by NMVC Companies Determining the Eligibility of A Small Business for Nmvc...

  12. 13 CFR 108.800 - Financings in the form of equity interests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financings in the form of equity interests. 108.800 Section 108.800 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS VENTURE CAPITAL (âNMVCâ) PROGRAM Financing of Small Businesses by NMVC Companies Structuring Nmvc Company...

  13. Financing strategic healthcare facilities: the growing attraction of alternative capital.

    PubMed

    Zismer, Daniel K; Fox, James; Torgerson, Paul

    2013-05-01

    Community health system leaders often dismiss use of alternative capital to finance strategic facilities as being too expensive and less strategically useful, preferring to follow historical precedent and use tax-exempt bonding to finance such facilities. Proposed changes in accounting rules should cause third-party-financed facility lease arrangements to be treated similarly to tax-exempt debt financings with respect to the income statement and balance sheet, increasing their appeal to community health systems. An in-depth comparison of the total costs associated with each financing approach can help inform the choice of financing approaches by illuminating their respective advantages and disadvantages.

  14. 31 CFR 317.7 - Obtaining and accounting for bond stock.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Obtaining and accounting for bond stock. 317.7 Section 317.7 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... AGENCIES FOR ISSUE OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS § 317.7 Obtaining and accounting for bond stock. An...

  15. 31 CFR 208.6 - General account requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General account requirements. 208.6 Section 208.6 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE MANAGEMENT OF FEDERAL AGENCY...

  16. 12 CFR 201.104 - Eligibility of consumer loans and finance company paper.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... are acquired by a finance company from a dealer-seller of such homes. (e) The principles stated above..., marketing, and carrying of agricultural products or the breeding, raising, fattening, or marketing of...

  17. Strengthening Building Retrofit Markets

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Templeton, Mary; Jackson, Robert

    2014-04-15

    The Business Energy Financing (BEF) program offered commercial businesses in Michigan affordable financing options and other incentives designed to support energy efficiency improvements. We worked through partnerships with Michigan utilities, lenders, building contractors, trade associations, and other community organizations to offer competitive interest rates and flexible financing terms to support energy efficiency projects that otherwise would not have happened. The BEF program targeted the retail food market, including restaurants, grocery stores, convenience stores, and wholesale food vendors, with the goal of achieving energy efficiency retrofits for 2 percent of the target market. We offered low interest rates, flexible payments, easymore » applications and approval processes, and access to other incentives and rebates. Through these efforts, we sought to help customers strive for energy savings retrofits that would save 20 percent or more on their energy use. This program helped Michigan businesses reduce costs by financing energy efficient lighting, heating and cooling systems, insulation, refrigeration, equipment upgrades, and more. Businesses completed the upgrades with the help of our authorized contractors, and, through our lending partners, we provided affordable financing options.« less

  18. Unlocking Solar for Low- and Moderate-Income Residents: A Matrix of Financing Options by Resident, Provider, and Housing Type

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cook, Jeffrey J.; Bird, Lori A.

    Historically the low and moderate income (LMI) market has been underserved by solar photovoltaics (PV), in part due to the unique barriers LMI residents face to participation in the PV market. The intent of this report is to identify the most promising strategies state policymakers might consider to finance PV for LMI customers across three housing types: single family, multi-family, and manufactured housing. The result is a financing matrix that documents the first and second tier financing options states may consider for each housing type. The first tier options were selected based upon their potential impact on LMI PV deployment.more » Second tier financing approaches could also be used to achieve state policy goals, but may not have as much effect on the relevant LMI market segment. Nevertheless, each financing option comes with tradeoffs that state policymakers may wish to consider when they make decisions about which financing approaches are best suited to achieve their LMI PV deployment goals.« less

  19. 31 CFR 561.307 - Payable-through account.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Payable-through account. 561.307 Section 561.307 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... activities usual in connection with the business of banking in the United States. ...

  20. 31 CFR 561.307 - Payable-through account.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Payable-through account. 561.307 Section 561.307 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... activities usual in connection with the business of banking in the United States. ...

  1. 31 CFR 561.307 - Payable-through account.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Payable-through account. 561.307 Section 561.307 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... activities usual in connection with the business of banking in the United States. ...

  2. 31 CFR 281.8 - Reporting and accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Reporting and accounting. 281.8 Section 281.8 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATIONS § 281.8...

  3. 31 CFR 537.521 - Operation of accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Operation of accounts. 537.521 Section 537.521 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... in supporting or operating a business; (b) Does not involve a transfer directly or indirectly to...

  4. Financing to meet community needs: a guide for small hospitals.

    PubMed

    Wilson, Bill

    2009-03-01

    To succeed in the current financial markets, small hospitals need flexible project and financing plans. Many small local banks today can offer small hospitals financing solutions on par with what was previously offered only by the country's strongest investment-grade rated banks. Federal assistance through programs such as HUD's Section 242 mortgage insurance program is also a viable option for small hospitals.

  5. 31 CFR 538.527 - Operation of accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Operation of accounts. 538.527 Section 538.527 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... business; (b) Do not involve transfers directly or indirectly to Sudan or for the benefit of individuals...

  6. 31 CFR 561.307 - Payable-through account.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Payable-through account. 561.307 Section 561.307 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... directly or through a subaccount, in banking activities usual in connection with the business of banking in...

  7. 31 CFR 538.527 - Operation of accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Operation of accounts. 538.527 Section 538.527 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE... business; (b) Do not involve transfers directly or indirectly to Sudan or for the benefit of individuals...

  8. 12 CFR 226.54 - Limitations on the imposition of finance charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Limitations on the imposition of finance... Accounts and Open-End Credit Offered to College Students § 226.54 Limitations on the imposition of finance charges. (a) Limitations on imposing finance charges as a result of the loss of a grace period. (1...

  9. 12 CFR 226.54 - Limitations on the imposition of finance charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Limitations on the imposition of finance... Accounts and Open-End Credit Offered to College Students § 226.54 Limitations on the imposition of finance charges. (a) Limitations on imposing finance charges as a result of the loss of a grace period. (1...

  10. Financing results and value in behavioral health services.

    PubMed

    2003-11-01

    Current changes require that behavioral health care leaders understand how public and private financing mechanisms interact and how, now more than ever, behavioral health care leadership must span multiple systems and financing streams. Understanding how financing mechanisms work, what they create, and what they cause is essential if we are to make the most of increasingly limited and increasingly complex resource streams in today's health care market. This article explores a different paradigm of what adds value to publicly funded behavioral health care systems, and provides the framework for the American College of Mental Health Administration's call to behavioral health care administrators to take a new approach to the considerations behind funding decisions and payment mechanisms.

  11. 31 CFR 537.521 - Operation of accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Operation of accounts. 537.521 Section 537.521 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF... supporting or operating a business; (b) Does not involve a transfer directly or indirectly to Burma or for...

  12. To market, to market. Physician groups seek tax-exempt financing to compete with hospitals.

    PubMed

    Nemes, J

    1992-03-02

    Physician groups are rapidly appreciating the benefits of financing growth into new areas, as they try to take advantage of the shift of care to outpatient settings and attempt to make up for the money they're losing through Medicare pay changes.

  13. The World's Best Carpets: Erastus Bigelow and the Financing of Antebellum Innovation.

    PubMed

    Regele, Lindsay Schakenbach

    2018-01-01

    The business records of textile entrepreneur and inventor Erastus Bigelow offer extraordinary detail about how financing innovation worked on the ground in the antebellum United States. For the first decades of the nineteenth century, increasing numbers of Americans sought patent protection, even as patents often brought little monetary benefit or status to their holders. Historians have tended to look to the court system to account for why this was the case, even though only a small percentage of patent holders ever litigated. This article, by contrast, examines the securitization of patents, which many inventors increasingly saw as supple tools to secure research funds and monetize intellectual property. As individuals and firms bought and sold patents for cash, labor contracts, and funding for further research and development, they shaped an evolving market for intellectual property. Throughout the nineteenth century, this market offered inventors increasing opportunities to offload the risks, and sometimes the rewards, of invention.

  14. 24 CFR 883.308 - Adjustments to reflect changes in terms of financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... projected rate of borrowing (net interest cost), based on a reasonable evaluation of market conditions, on obligations issued to provide interim and permanent financing for the project, (2) The projected cost of..., (4) The projected cost of borrowing and the term of the permanent financing to be provided to the...

  15. Size, Book-to-Market Ratio and Relativity of Accounting Information Value: Empirical Research on the Chinese Listed Company

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yu, Jing; Cheng, Siwei; Xu, Bin

    Recently there are many literatures studying the effect of factors such as size or book-market ratio on fluctuation of accounting earnings, stock price or earnings respectively, but so far their affection on accounting information value relativity has been scarcely addressed. This paper presents the detail analyses of their effect of the two factors to the relativity of accounting information value respectively by taking Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets as sample. And the analyses supports the following two hypotheses, (1) The relativity of accounting information value of big size corporation is more than that of small size corporation. (2) The relativity of accounting information value of low B/M ratio corporation is more than that of low B/M ratio corporation.

  16. 31 CFR 594.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 594.301 Section 594.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM SANCTIONS...

  17. 31 CFR 545.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 545.301 Section 545.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY TALIBAN (AFGHANISTAN) SANCTIONS...

  18. 31 CFR 551.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 551.301 Section 551.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SOMALIA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS...

  19. Market Accountability in Schools: Policy Reforms in England, Germany, France and Italy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mattei, Paola

    2012-01-01

    This article concentrates on the policy reforms of schools in England, Germany, France and Italy, from 1988 to 2009, with a focus on the introduction of market accountability. Pressing demands for organisational change in schools, shaped by the objectives of "efficiency" and competition, which were introduced in England in the 1980s,…

  20. 17 CFR Appendix F to Part 30 - Acknowledgment Letter for CFTC Regulation 30.7 Customer Secured Money Market Mutual Fund Account

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... by you or by us to secure or guarantee any obligations that we might owe to you, and they may not be... Regulation 30.7 Customer Secured Money Market Mutual Fund Account F Appendix F to Part 30 Commodity and... Money Market Mutual Fund Account [Date] [Name and Address of Money Market Mutual Fund] We propose to...

  1. A new market risk model for cogeneration project financing---combined heat and power development without a power purchase agreement

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lockwood, Timothy A.

    Federal legislative changes in 2006 no longer entitle cogeneration project financings by law to receive the benefit of a power purchase agreement underwritten by an investment-grade investor-owned utility. Consequently, this research explored the need for a new market-risk model for future cogeneration and combined heat and power (CHP) project financing. CHP project investment represents a potentially enormous energy efficiency benefit through its application by reducing fossil fuel use up to 55% when compared to traditional energy generation, and concurrently eliminates constituent air emissions up to 50%, including global warming gases. As a supplemental approach to a comprehensive technical analysis, a quantitative multivariate modeling was also used to test the statistical validity and reliability of host facility energy demand and CHP supply ratios in predicting the economic performance of CHP project financing. The resulting analytical models, although not statistically reliable at this time, suggest a radically simplified CHP design method for future profitable CHP investments using four easily attainable energy ratios. This design method shows that financially successful CHP adoption occurs when the average system heat-to-power-ratio supply is less than or equal to the average host-convertible-energy-ratio, and when the average nominally-rated capacity is less than average host facility-load-factor demands. New CHP investments can play a role in solving the world-wide problem of accommodating growing energy demand while preserving our precious and irreplaceable air quality for future generations.

  2. The Effects of Different Teaching Approaches in Introductory Financial Accounting

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chiang, Bea; Nouri, Hossein; Samanta, Subarna

    2014-01-01

    The purpose of the research is to examine the effect of the two different teaching approaches in the first accounting course on student performance in a subsequent finance course. The study compares 128 accounting and finance students who took introductory financial accounting by either a user approach or a traditional preparer approach to examine…

  3. Health financing options for Fiji's health system.

    PubMed

    Pande, Madhukar

    2003-09-01

    Fiji is currently implementing health care reforms with the first phase of reforms focusing on decentralization of the health system. Part of this effort focuses on looking at financing options. Some options for financing health care include private health insurance, social insurance, community financing, user-pays system (out-of-pocket), health savings accounts, government taxation and subsidies, and overseas loans and aid funding. This paper addresses all these options in detail and provides an analysis into each of these options relevance to Fiji and in some instances to other nations in the South Pacific region. Given the relative small populations of Fiji and its neighbouring nations, a regional approach to financing could prove more viable in the longer-term, however political, social, economic, legal and cultural issues will need to seriously explored.

  4. 31 CFR 281.6 - Withdrawals from Treasury accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Withdrawals from Treasury accounts. 281.6 Section 281.6 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATIONS § 281...

  5. 31 CFR 208.11 - Accounts for disaster victims.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Accounts for disaster victims. 208.11 Section 208.11 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE MANAGEMENT OF FEDERAL AGENCY...

  6. 31 CFR 210.13 - Notice to account owners.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Notice to account owners. 210.13 Section 210.13 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PARTICIPATION IN THE...

  7. 31 CFR 594.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 594.301 Section 594.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS...

  8. 31 CFR 594.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 594.301 Section 594.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS...

  9. 31 CFR 594.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 594.301 Section 594.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL TERRORISM SANCTIONS REGULATIONS...

  10. 31 CFR 546.302 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 546.302 Section 546.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DARFUR SANCTIONS REGULATIONS General...

  11. 31 CFR 281.6 - Withdrawals from Treasury accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Withdrawals from Treasury accounts. 281.6 Section 281.6 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATIONS § 281...

  12. 31 CFR 593.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 593.301 Section 593.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FORMER LIBERIAN REGIME OF CHARLES...

  13. 31 CFR 510.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 510.301 Section 510.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS General...

  14. 31 CFR 547.302 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 547.302 Section 547.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO...

  15. The Impact of the Principles of Accounting Experience on Student Preparation for Intermediate Accounting

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Carrington, Linda G.

    2012-01-01

    Both students and instructors alike will generally agree that intermediate accounting courses are among the most difficult and demanding in an accounting or finance curriculum, and perhaps even on the college campus. Intermediate accounting contains subject matter which requires a higher level of thinking and a greater ability to process prior…

  16. 31 CFR 593.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 593.301 Section 593.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FORMER LIBERIAN REGIME OF CHARLES TAYLOR...

  17. 31 CFR 593.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 593.301 Section 593.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FORMER LIBERIAN REGIME OF CHARLES TAYLOR...

  18. 31 CFR 593.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 593.301 Section 593.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FORMER LIBERIAN REGIME OF CHARLES TAYLOR...

  19. 31 CFR 593.301 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 593.301 Section 593.301 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FORMER LIBERIAN REGIME OF CHARLES TAYLOR...

  20. 31 CFR 547.302 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 547.302 Section 547.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SANCTIONS...

  1. 31 CFR 547.302 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 547.302 Section 547.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SANCTIONS...

  2. 31 CFR 547.302 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 547.302 Section 547.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SANCTIONS...

  3. 31 CFR 547.302 - Blocked account; blocked property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Blocked account; blocked property. 547.302 Section 547.302 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SANCTIONS...

  4. Dynamics of Markets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McCauley, Joseph L.

    2004-06-01

    Standard texts and research in economics and finance ignore the absence of evidence from the analysis of real, unmassaged market data to support the notion of Adam Smith's stabilizing Invisible Hand. In stark contrast, this text introduces a new empirically-based model of financial market dynamics that explains the volatility of prices options correctly and clarifies the instability of financial markets. The emphasis is on understanding how real markets behave, not how they hypothetically 'should' behave.

  5. Financing universal coverage in Malaysia: a case study.

    PubMed

    Chua, Hong Teck; Cheah, Julius Chee Ho

    2012-01-01

    One of the challenges to maintain an agenda for universal coverage and equitable health system is to develop effective structuring and management of health financing. Global experiences with different systems of health financing suggests that a strong public role in health financing is essential for health systems to protect the poor and health systems with the strongest state role are likely the more equitable and achieve better aggregate health outcomes. Using Malaysia as a case study, this paper seeks to evaluate the progress and capacity of a middle income country in terms of health financing for universal coverage, and also to highlight some of the key underlying health systems challenges.The WHO Health Financing Strategy for the Asia Pacific Region (2010-2015) was used as the framework to evaluate the Malaysian healthcare financing system in terms of the provision of universal coverage for the population, and the Malaysian National Health Accounts (2008) provided the latest Malaysian data on health spending. Measuring against the four target indicators outlined, Malaysia fared credibly with total health expenditure close to 5% of its GDP (4.75%), out-of-pocket payment below 40% of total health expenditure (30.7%), comprehensive social safety nets for vulnerable populations, and a tax-based financing system that fundamentally poses as a national risk-pooled scheme for the population.Nonetheless, within a holistic systems framework, the financing component interacts synergistically with other health system spheres. In Malaysia, outmigration of public health workers particularly specialist doctors remains an issue and financing strategies critically needs to incorporate a comprehensive workforce compensation strategy to improve the health workforce skill mix. Health expenditure information is systematically collated, but feedback from the private sector remains a challenge. Service delivery-wise, there is a need to enhance financing capacity to expand preventive

  6. Financing Universal Coverage in Malaysia: a case study

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    One of the challenges to maintain an agenda for universal coverage and equitable health system is to develop effective structuring and management of health financing. Global experiences with different systems of health financing suggests that a strong public role in health financing is essential for health systems to protect the poor and health systems with the strongest state role are likely the more equitable and achieve better aggregate health outcomes. Using Malaysia as a case study, this paper seeks to evaluate the progress and capacity of a middle income country in terms of health financing for universal coverage, and also to highlight some of the key underlying health systems challenges. The WHO Health Financing Strategy for the Asia Pacific Region (2010-2015) was used as the framework to evaluate the Malaysian healthcare financing system in terms of the provision of universal coverage for the population, and the Malaysian National Health Accounts (2008) provided the latest Malaysian data on health spending. Measuring against the four target indicators outlined, Malaysia fared credibly with total health expenditure close to 5% of its GDP (4.75%), out-of-pocket payment below 40% of total health expenditure (30.7%), comprehensive social safety nets for vulnerable populations, and a tax-based financing system that fundamentally poses as a national risk-pooled scheme for the population. Nonetheless, within a holistic systems framework, the financing component interacts synergistically with other health system spheres. In Malaysia, outmigration of public health workers particularly specialist doctors remains an issue and financing strategies critically needs to incorporate a comprehensive workforce compensation strategy to improve the health workforce skill mix. Health expenditure information is systematically collated, but feedback from the private sector remains a challenge. Service delivery-wise, there is a need to enhance financing capacity to expand

  7. Redefining private insurance in a changing market structure.

    PubMed

    Chollet, D J

    1996-01-01

    This discussion on likely changes and challenges for the health insurance industry over the coming decade assumes that significant national reform of health care financing for the privately insured population will not occur--or, if it does, that it will mirror the insurance market reforms that many states already have undertaken. First, the changes in private insurance coverage during the past several years are considered, with particular attention to the erosion of employer-based coverage and to the rising influence of public insurance programs--especially Medicaid--on the private insurance market. Next is a description of the changing web of state laws and regulations governing private health insurance. At this writing, virtually every state has enacted or is considering reforms of the small group market to limit what many perceive as unfair or destructive insurer practices and to set new ground rules for competition among insurance arrangements. The changing nature of private insurance contracts in the United States is considered next. Evolving from conventional fee-for-service contracts, private insurance is increasingly a complex mixture of capitation, partial capitation, and reinsurance of capitated arrangements. Finally, this chapter discusses three issues of increasing importance in shaping the marketplace for private insurers: (1) the federal preemption of states' regulatory authority over self-insured employer plans; (2) emerging state regulation to restructure competition in the health insurance and health care markets; and (3) the growing interest of both federal and state governments in medical savings accounts to finance health insurance and health care spending.

  8. 26 CFR 1.501(c)(16)-1 - Corporations organized to finance crop operations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Corporations organized to finance crop operations. 1.501(c)(16)-1 Section 1.501(c)(16)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Corporations organized to finance crop operations. A corporation organized by a farmers' cooperative marketing...

  9. Financing reforms of public health services in China: lessons for other nations.

    PubMed

    Liu, Xingzhu; Mills, Anne

    2002-06-01

    Financing reforms of China's public health services are characterised by a reduction in government budgetary support and the introduction of charges. These reforms have changed the financing structure of public health institutions. Before the financing reforms, in 1980, government budgetary support covered the full costs of public health institutions, while after the reforms by the middle of the 1990s, the government's contribution to the institutions' revenue had fallen to 30-50%, barely covering the salaries of health workers, and the share of revenue generated from charges had increased to 50-70%. These market-oriented financing reforms improved the productivity of public health institutions, but several unintended consequences became evident. The economic incentives that were built into the financing system led to over-provision of unnecessary services, and under-provision of socially desirable services. User fees reduced the take-up of preventive services with positive externalities. The lack of government funds resulted in under-provision of services with public goods' characteristics. The Chinese experience has generated important lessons for other nations. Firstly, a decline in the role of government in financing public health services is likely to result in decreased overall efficiency of the health sector. Secondly, levying charges for public health services can reduce demand for these services and increase the risk of disease transmission. Thirdly, market-oriented financing reforms of public health services should not be considered as a policy option. Once this step is made, the unintended consequences may outweigh the intended ones. Chinese experience strongly suggests that the government should take a very active role in financing public health services.

  10. 31 CFR 210.5 - Account requirements for Federal payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Account requirements for Federal payments. 210.5 Section 210.5 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT...

  11. 31 CFR 515.546 - Accounts of Cuban sole proprietorships.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Accounts of Cuban sole proprietorships. 515.546 Section 515.546 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... proprietorships. Specific licenses are issued unblocking sole proprietorships established under the laws of Cuba...

  12. 31 CFR 515.546 - Accounts of Cuban sole proprietorships.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Accounts of Cuban sole proprietorships. 515.546 Section 515.546 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... proprietorships. Specific licenses are issued unblocking sole proprietorships established under the laws of Cuba...

  13. 31 CFR 515.546 - Accounts of Cuban sole proprietorships.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Accounts of Cuban sole proprietorships. 515.546 Section 515.546 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... proprietorships. Specific licenses are issued unblocking sole proprietorships established under the laws of Cuba...

  14. 31 CFR 515.546 - Accounts of Cuban sole proprietorships.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Accounts of Cuban sole proprietorships. 515.546 Section 515.546 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... proprietorships. Specific licenses are issued unblocking sole proprietorships established under the laws of Cuba...

  15. Economics and financing of vaccines for diarrheal diseases.

    PubMed

    Bartsch, Sarah M; Lee, Bruce Y

    2014-01-01

    The considerable burden of infectious disease-caused diarrhea around the world has motivated the continuing development of a number of vaccine candidates over the past several decades with some reaching the market. As with all major public health interventions, understanding the economics and financing of vaccines against diarrheal diseases is essential to their development and implementation. This review focuses on each of the major infectious pathogens that commonly cause diarrhea, the current understanding of their economic burden, the status of vaccine development, and existing economic evaluations of the vaccines. While the literature on the economics and financing of vaccines against diarrhea diseases is growing, there is considerable room for more inquiry. Substantial gaps exist for many pathogens, circumstances, and effects. Economics and financing studies are integral to vaccine development and implementation.

  16. Economics and financing of vaccines for diarrheal diseases

    PubMed Central

    Bartsch, Sarah M; Lee, Bruce Y

    2014-01-01

    The considerable burden of infectious disease-caused diarrhea around the world has motivated the continuing development of a number of vaccine candidates over the past several decades with some reaching the market. As with all major public health interventions, understanding the economics and financing of vaccines against diarrheal diseases is essential to their development and implementation. This review focuses on each of the major infectious pathogens that commonly cause diarrhea, the current understanding of their economic burden, the status of vaccine development, and existing economic evaluations of the vaccines. While the literature on the economics and financing of vaccines against diarrhea diseases is growing, there is considerable room for more inquiry. Substantial gaps exist for many pathogens, circumstances, and effects. Economics and financing studies are integral to vaccine development and implementation. PMID:24755623

  17. 48 CFR 832.202-4 - Security for Government financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... accepted accounting principles and must be audited and certified by an independent public accountant or an... for Government financing. An offeror's financial condition may be considered adequate security to... offeror's financial condition, the contracting officer may obtain, to the extent required, the following...

  18. Ethics, economics, and public financing of health care

    PubMed Central

    Hurley, J.

    2001-01-01

    There is a wide variety of ethical arguments for public financing of health care that share a common structure built on a series of four logically related propositions regarding: (1) the ultimate purpose of a human life or human society; (2) the role of health and its distribution in society in advancing this ultimate purpose; (3) the role of access to or utilisation of health care in maintaining or improving the desired level and distribution of health among members of society, and (4) the role of public financing in ensuring the ethically justified access to and utilisation of health care by members of society. This paper argues that economics has much to contribute to the development of the ethical foundations for publicly financed health care. It focuses in particular on recent economic work to clarify the concepts of access and need and their role in analyses of the just distribution of health care resources, and on the importance of economic analysis of health care and health care insurance markets in demonstrating why public financing is necessary to achieve broad access to and utilisation of health care services. Key Words: Ethics • economics • health care financing PMID:11479353

  19. 41 CFR 101-39.003 - Financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS AVIATION, TRANSPORTATION, AND MOTOR VEHICLES 39-INTERAGENCY FLEET..., and operation of fleet management systems. (b) When an agency other than GSA operates an interagency fleet management system, the financing and accounting methods shall be developed by GSA in cooperation...

  20. Informal payments and the financing of health care in developing and transition countries.

    PubMed

    Lewis, Maureen

    2007-01-01

    Informal, under-the-table payments to public health care providers are increasingly viewed as a critically important source of health care financing in developing and transition countries. With minimal funding levels and limited accountability, publicly financed and delivered care falls prey to illegal payments, which require payments that can exceed 100 percent of a country's median income. Methods to address the abuse include establishing official fees, combined with improved oversight and accountability for public health care providers, and a role for communities in holding providers accountable.

  1. 31 CFR 212.7 - Notice to the account holder.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Notice to the account holder. 212.7 Section 212.7 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL... readily understandable language. (1) Means of contacting a local free attorney or legal aid service. (2...

  2. 17 CFR 248.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... number or access code, does not include a number or code in an encrypted form, as long as you do not... agency, an account number or similar form of access number or access code for a consumer's credit card... number or access code: (1) To your agent or service provider solely in order to perform marketing for...

  3. 12 CFR 573.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... access number or access code, does not include a number or code in an encrypted form, as long as you do... reporting agency, an account number or similar form of access number or access code for a consumer's credit... number or access code: (1) To your agent or service provider solely in order to perform marketing for...

  4. 12 CFR 573.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... access number or access code, does not include a number or code in an encrypted form, as long as you do... reporting agency, an account number or similar form of access number or access code for a consumer's credit... number or access code: (1) To your agent or service provider solely in order to perform marketing for...

  5. 12 CFR 40.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... similar form of access number or access code, does not include a number or code in an encrypted form, as... reporting agency, an account number or similar form of access number or access code for a consumer's credit... number or access code: (1) To the bank's agent or service provider solely in order to perform marketing...

  6. 17 CFR 248.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... number or access code, does not include a number or code in an encrypted form, as long as you do not... agency, an account number or similar form of access number or access code for a consumer's credit card... number or access code: (1) To your agent or service provider solely in order to perform marketing for...

  7. 12 CFR 40.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... similar form of access number or access code, does not include a number or code in an encrypted form, as... reporting agency, an account number or similar form of access number or access code for a consumer's credit... number or access code: (1) To the bank's agent or service provider solely in order to perform marketing...

  8. 12 CFR 40.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... similar form of access number or access code, does not include a number or code in an encrypted form, as... reporting agency, an account number or similar form of access number or access code for a consumer's credit... number or access code: (1) To the bank's agent or service provider solely in order to perform marketing...

  9. 17 CFR 248.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... number or access code, does not include a number or code in an encrypted form, as long as you do not... agency, an account number or similar form of access number or access code for a consumer's credit card... number or access code: (1) To your agent or service provider solely in order to perform marketing for...

  10. 12 CFR 40.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... similar form of access number or access code, does not include a number or code in an encrypted form, as... reporting agency, an account number or similar form of access number or access code for a consumer's credit... number or access code: (1) To the bank's agent or service provider solely in order to perform marketing...

  11. California School Accounting Manual, 1988 Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    California State Dept. of Education, Sacramento.

    This report presents the procedure for the accounting methods employed by California school districts for income and expenditures in instructional and support programs. The report has seven parts: (1) an introduction to accounting in local educational agencies; (2) general and subsidiary ledger accounting; (3) revenues and other financing sources;…

  12. Finance and Credit. Curriculum Guide. Marketing and Distributive Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Northern Illinois Univ., DeKalb. Dept. of Business Education and Administration Services.

    Designed to be used with the General Marketing Curriculum Guide (ED 156 860), this guide is intended to provide the curriculum coordinator with a basis for planning a comprehensive program in the field of marketing and to allow marketing and distributive education teacher-coordinators maximum flexibility. It contains job competency sheets in ten…

  13. 7 CFR 1753.29 - Force account procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Force account procedures. 1753.29 Section 1753.29... Force account procedures. (a) The borrower must obtain RUS approval of the force account method of... item not provided for in the approved loan. (d) Force Account construction to be financed with loan...

  14. Accounting Department Chairpersons' Perceptions of Business School Performance Using a Market Orientation Model

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Webster, Robert L.; Hammond, Kevin L.; Rothwell, James C.

    2013-01-01

    This manuscript is part of a stream of continuing research examining market orientation within higher education and its potential impact on organizational performance. The organizations researched are business schools and the data collected came from chairpersons of accounting departments of AACSB member business schools. We use a reworded Narver…

  15. Responding to Postsecondary Education Financing Pressures.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Longanecker, David A.

    Minnesota has adopted a financial policy that takes into account the increasing pressure to finance postsecondary education. The policy increases the price of college through increased tuition, while at the same time targeting sufficient financial aid to ensure educational opportunity for financially needy students. In practical terms, this…

  16. 31 CFR 1.25 - Accounting of disclosures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Accounting of disclosures. 1.25... Privacy Act § 1.25 Accounting of disclosures. (a) Accounting of certain disclosures. Each component, with respect to each system of records under its control, shall: (1) Keep an accurate accounting of: (i) The...

  17. Accessing Secondary Markets as a Capital Source for Energy Efficiency Finance Programs: Program Design Considerations for Policymakers and Administrators

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kramer, C.; Martin, E. Fadrhonc; Thompson, P.

    Estimates of the total opportunity for investment in cost-effective energy efficiency in the United States are typically in the range of several hundred billion dollars (Choi Granade, et al., 2009 and Fulton & Brandenburg, 2012).1,2 To access this potential, many state policymakers and utility regulators have established aggressive energy efficiency savings targets. Current levels of taxpayer and utility bill-payer funding for energy efficiency is only a small fraction of the total investment needed to meet these targets (SEE Action Financing Solutions Working Group, 2013). Given this challenge, some energy efficiency program administrators are working to access private capital sources withmore » the aim of amplifying the funds available for investment. In this context, efficient access to secondary market capital has been advanced as one important enabler of the energy efficiency industry “at scale.”3 The question of what role secondary markets can play in bringing energy efficiency to scale is largely untested despite extensive attention from media, technical publications, advocates, and others. Only a handful of transactions of energy efficiency loan products have been executed to date, and it is too soon to draw robust conclusions from these deals. At the same time, energy efficiency program administrators and policymakers face very real decisions regarding whether and how to access secondary markets as part of their energy efficiency deployment strategy.« less

  18. Private sector village enterprise a new approach to sustainable financing

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gay, C.F.

    1997-12-01

    This paper presents an enterprise plan for introducing solar power in a rural market, while providing economic development, and hence the ability of the user to pay for the power source. This plan is based on a product called GEEP - a solar sewing machine conversion kit. This kit can be retrofit onto pedal sewing machines and marketed to village tailors in India, as part of a marketing program which includes increased demand for tailored products which will allow the tailors to be able to finance the conversion kits.

  19. Soviet International Finance in the Gorbachev Era

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-01-01

    purposes of Soviet international finance. With the elimination of the Ministry of Foreign Trade’s monopoly on foreign trade transactions, other...ministries, foreign trade organiza- tions, enterprises, and republican governments have for the first time engaged directly in international commercial...typically foreign trade organizations and republican vii governments-appeared in international credit markets in 1989, they received much less favorable

  20. Marketing and Distributive Education Curriculum Planning Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Northern Illinois Univ., DeKalb. Dept. of Business Education and Administration Services.

    This planning guide in marketing and distributive education is designed to provide the curriculum coordinator and instructor with a basis for planning a comprehensive program in the career field of marketing. Such programs require competencies in sales, sales promotion, buying, transporting, storing, financing, marketing research, and management.…

  1. 31 CFR 1026.620 - Due diligence programs for private banking accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Due diligence programs for private banking accounts. 1026.620 Section 1026.620 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES FOR FUTURES...

  2. 31 CFR 1026.620 - Due diligence programs for private banking accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Due diligence programs for private banking accounts. 1026.620 Section 1026.620 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES FOR FUTURES...

  3. 31 CFR 1026.620 - Due diligence programs for private banking accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Due diligence programs for private banking accounts. 1026.620 Section 1026.620 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES FOR FUTURES...

  4. 31 CFR 1026.620 - Due diligence programs for private banking accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Due diligence programs for private banking accounts. 1026.620 Section 1026.620 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES FOR FUTURES...

  5. Ethics, economics, and public financing of health care.

    PubMed

    Hurley, J

    2001-08-01

    There is a wide variety of ethical arguments for public financing of health care that share a common structure built on a series of four logically related propositions regarding: (1) the ultimate purpose of a human life or human society; (2) the role of health and its distribution in society in advancing this ultimate purpose; (3) the role of access to or utilisation of health care in maintaining or improving the desired level and distribution of health among members of society, and (4) the role of public financing in ensuring the ethically justified access to and utilisation of health care by members of society. This paper argues that economics has much to contribute to the development of the ethical foundations for publicly financed health care. It focuses in particular on recent economic work to clarify the concepts of access and need and their role in analyses of the just distribution of health care resources, and on the importance of economic analysis of health care and health care insurance markets in demonstrating why public financing is necessary to achieve broad access to and utilisation of health care services.

  6. 31 CFR 515.508 - Payments to blocked accounts in domestic banks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Payments to blocked accounts in domestic banks. 515.508 Section 515.508 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CUBAN ASSETS CONTROL...

  7. 31 CFR 500.508 - Payments to blocked accounts in domestic banks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Payments to blocked accounts in domestic banks. 500.508 Section 500.508 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL...

  8. Forum Guide to Core Finance Data Elements. NFES 2007-801

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Forum on Education Statistics, 2007

    2007-01-01

    This document provides an overview of key finance data terms and is designed to accompany the "Financial Accounting for Local and State School Systems: 2003 Edition" by identifying common reporting requirements and defining frequently used indicators and calculations using data elements from accounting and other data systems. It also…

  9. Current Practices in Efficiency Financing: An Overview for State and Local Governments

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Leventis, Greg; Fadrhonc, Emily Martin; Kramer, Chris

    In recent years there has been significant growth in the size and sheer number of energy efficiency financing programs. The term “energy efficiency financing” refers to debt or debt-like products that support the installation of energy efficiency measures by allowing costs to be spread over time. The implementation of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) led to a proliferation of energy efficiency financing programs, which was followed in subsequent years by the launch of green banks in several states and the ramp up of other ratepayer-supported financing initiatives in various jurisdictions. These activities have brought increased attention to energymore » efficiency financing as an area of programmatic interest. Yet the propagation of various types of financing in a growing number of markets may have also left some policymakers and program administrators with questions as to what categories of products and programs are best suited for their situation.« less

  10. The Relationship between Market and Accounting Determined Risk Measures: Reviewing and Updating the Beaver, Kettler, Scholes (1970) Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jarvela, Michael; Kozyra, James; Potter, Carla

    2009-01-01

    The association between market-determined risk measures and accounting-determined risk measures was originally explored in the 1970s by Beaver, Kettler, and Scholes (BKS). The results of the BKS (1970) study suggest that accounting information is usefulness in assessing firm specific risk. Since BKS, there have been few studies conducted to…

  11. 13 CFR 108.730 - Financings which constitute conflicts of interest.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... any understanding, agreement, or cross dealing, reciprocal or circular arrangement). (3) Borrow money... NEW MARKETS VENTURE CAPITAL (âNMVCâ) PROGRAM Financing of Small Businesses by NMVC Companies... Associates must not, directly or indirectly: (1) Borrow money from any Person described in paragraph (a)(3...

  12. Straight talk. New approaches in healthcare. Capital financing: beyond the shores of your typical transaction.

    PubMed

    Bremner, James D; Bielak, Jerry J; Elek, Steven; Wootton, Ian

    2003-11-24

    If you're in the market to renovate or expand but are concerned about overloading your balance sheet with debt or if you plan to build a for-profit facility, consider a Design, Build, Finance, and Operate (DBFO) arrangement. In such deals, experts in finance, construction, real estate, and support-service provision manage risk and day-to-day responsibility for facility management. Evaluating alternatives to tax-exempt financing is a critical piece of capital planning today because competition for traditional sources of funding has become global.

  13. Long-Term Care Financing: Lessons From France

    PubMed Central

    Doty, Pamela; Nadash, Pamela; Racco, Nathalie

    2015-01-01

    Context An aging population leads to a growing demand for long-term services and supports (LTSS). In 2002, France introduced universal, income-adjusted, public long-term care coverage for adults 60 and older, whereas the United States funds means-tested benefits only. Both countries have private long-term care insurance (LTCI) markets: American policies create alternatives to out-of-pocket spending and protect purchasers from relying on Medicaid. Sales, however, have stagnated, and the market's viability is uncertain. In France, private LTCI supplements public coverage, and sales are growing, although its potential to alleviate the long-term care financing problem is unclear. We explore whether France's very different approach to structuring public and private financing for long-term care could inform the United States’ long-term care financing reform efforts. Methods We consulted insurance experts and conducted a detailed review of public reports, academic studies, and other documents to understand the public and private LTCI systems in France, their advantages and disadvantages, and the factors affecting their development. Findings France provides universal public coverage for paid assistance with functional dependency for people 60 and older. Benefits are steeply income adjusted and amounts are low. Nevertheless, expenditures have exceeded projections, burdening local governments. Private supplemental insurance covers 11% of French, mostly middle-income adults (versus 3% of Americans 18 and older). Whether policyholders will maintain employer-sponsored coverage after retirement is not known. The government's interest in pursuing an explicit public/private partnership has waned under President François Hollande, a centrist socialist, in contrast to the previous center-right leader, President Nicolas Sarkozy, thereby reducing the prospects of a coordinated public/private strategy. Conclusions American private insurers are showing increasing interest in long

  14. 31 CFR 598.506 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 598.506 Section 598.506 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... Policy § 598.506 Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. (a) U.S. financial...

  15. The hospital financing system of the Federal Republic of Germany.

    PubMed

    Leidl, R

    1983-10-01

    This paper deals with the present hospital financing system of the Federal Republic of Germany. The structure of the financing system is treated as well as the actual financing process, and, as far as possible, both are also quantitatively described. The first section contains a description of the structure, and is concerned with the major institutions participating in the hospital financing system:--the hospitals are described according to ownership, number of beds, specialization, personnel, regional distribution and utilization;--the health insurance system is illustrated by the two major institutions, i.e. statutory and private health insurance agencies, and its effect on hospital financing is explained;--the regulation of the hospital financing system by the federal political system is discussed;--finally, the major economic functions of the institutions involved are summarized; the interrelations of hospital care and the ambulatory sector are also mentioned. The second section contains a detailed description of the actual financing process, which can be classified according to the sections of financing:--the basic system of the German hospital financing law is introduced;--in the section on investment costs, public grants and their allocation, which are closely related to hospital planning, are discussed;--in the section on operating costs, full cost reimbursement as the basic principle, the structure of costs, the elements and the mechanism of operating cost financing, the actual prices, the financing of private patients' care and special services are described;--a short view of accounting balances, i.e. the differences between costs and financing of hospital services which result in profits or deficits, is given. A few considerations on the evaluation of the financing system conclude the paper.

  16. 12 CFR 220.6 - Good faith account.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Good faith account. 220.6 Section 220.6 Banks... BY BROKERS AND DEALERS (REGULATION T) § 220.6 Good faith account. In a good faith account, a creditor...) Securities entitled to good faith margin—(1) Permissible transactions. A creditor may effect and finance...

  17. 12 CFR 220.6 - Good faith account.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Good faith account. 220.6 Section 220.6 Banks... BY BROKERS AND DEALERS (REGULATION T) § 220.6 Good faith account. In a good faith account, a creditor...) Securities entitled to good faith margin—(1) Permissible transactions. A creditor may effect and finance...

  18. Selecting patient accounting systems that stand out from the rest.

    PubMed

    Kennedy, O G; Collignon, S

    1987-06-01

    How satisfied is the average finance executive with the performance of his institution's patient accounting system? Not very. What causes this dissatisfaction? A variety of factors: Not enough flexibility, the inability to modify or expand the system, the lack of system interfaces, and inadequate support. These are all leading contributors to the finance executive's dissatisfaction. How much information does he have about the alternative patient accounting system vendors in the marketplace? On average, limited information. Many vendors who offer patient accounting systems have not done enough to disseminate information about their products to hospital decision makers. If the finance executive were more knowledgeable about the alternatives available, would he then be able to select a patient accounting system that fully meets the institution's needs? It would improve the odds. However, merely knowing about the alternatives is only the first step. He must be able to fully evaluate the institution's near and long-term needs to create the best match possible. The finance executive must also accept the possibility that there may not be a single system in the marketplace that can accommodate every perceived need. Only by knowledge of the marketplace will he be in a position to fully evaluate the potential benefits of the available systems.

  19. 31 CFR 594.408 - Payments from blocked accounts to satisfy obligations prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Payments from blocked accounts to satisfy obligations prohibited. 594.408 Section 594.408 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL...

  20. 31 CFR 594.408 - Payments from blocked accounts to satisfy obligations prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Payments from blocked accounts to satisfy obligations prohibited. 594.408 Section 594.408 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL...

  1. 31 CFR 546.407 - Payments from blocked accounts to satisfy obligations prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Payments from blocked accounts to satisfy obligations prohibited. 546.407 Section 546.407 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DARFUR...

  2. 31 CFR 537.407 - Payments from blocked accounts to satisfy obligations prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Payments from blocked accounts to satisfy obligations prohibited. 537.407 Section 537.407 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BURMESE...

  3. Medicare Financing of Graduate Medical Education

    PubMed Central

    Rich, Eugene C; Liebow, Mark; Srinivasan, Malathi; Parish, David; Wolliscroft, James O; Fein, Oliver; Blaser, Robert

    2002-01-01

    The past decade has seen ongoing debate regarding federal support of graduate medical education, with numerous proposals for reform. Several critical problems with the current mechanism are evident on reviewing graduate medical education (GME) funding issues from the perspectives of key stakeholders. These problems include the following: substantial interinstitutional and interspecialty variations in per-resident payment amounts; teaching costs that have not been recalibrated since 1983; no consistent control by physician educators over direct medical education (DME) funds; and institutional DME payments unrelated to actual expenditures for resident education or to program outcomes. None of the current GME reform proposals adequately address all of these issues. Accordingly, we recommend several fundamental changes in Medicare GME support. We propose a re-analysis of the true direct costs of resident training (with appropriate adjustment for local market factors) to rectify the myriad problems with per-resident payments. We propose that Medicare DME funds go to the physician organization providing resident instruction, keeping DME payments separate from the operating revenues of teaching hospitals. To ensure financial accountability, we propose that institutions must maintain budgets and report expenditures for each GME program. To establish educational accountability, Residency Review Committees should establish objective, annually measurable standards for GME program performance; programs that consistently fail to meet these minimum standards should lose discretion over GME funds. These reforms will solve several long-standing, vexing problems in Medicare GME funding, but will also uncover the extent of undersupport of GME by most other health care payers. Ultimately, successful reform of GME financing will require “all-payer” support. PMID:11972725

  4. 17 CFR 17.01 - Identification of special accounts, volume threshold accounts, and omnibus accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Identification of special accounts, volume threshold accounts, and omnibus accounts. 17.01 Section 17.01 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REPORTS BY REPORTING MARKETS, FUTURES COMMISSION MERCHANTS, CLEARING MEMBERS, AND FOREIGN BROKERS §...

  5. Summary of a conference on national health expenditures accounting

    PubMed Central

    Lindsey, Phoebe A.; Newhouse, Joseph P.

    1986-01-01

    The following summary is of a conference to review national health expenditures accounting. Attendees focused on the annual article published by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) in the Health Care Financing Review that reports how much the United States spends on medical care. PMID:10311675

  6. Do market components account for higher US prescription prices?

    PubMed

    Monaghan, M J; Monaghan, M S

    1996-12-01

    Although only 7-8% of US healthcare expenditures are spent on prescription drug products, the pharmaceutical industry's profitability and high cost of prescriptions to consumers make prescription drugs a visible target for reform. When compared with other products, it appears as if unfair pricing tactics are used. The pharmaceutical industry cites costs of research and development and a short patent life as justifiable grounds for high prices, but the reason why US drug prices appear to be so high has yet to be answered. To examine identified components of the pharmaceutical industry that allow US prescription drugs to appear to be highly priced and to review the apparent factors that affect pricing policies for pharmaceuticals. The literature was reviewed to identify current research regarding the pharmaceutical market. Sources included MEDLINE, Econolit, Business Periodical Index, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, and the F-D-C Pink Sheet. Key factors account for the fact that US prescription drug prices are higher and that price discrimination occurs in the pharmaceutical industry within the US and among other countries. These factors include the unique market structure of the pharmaceutical industry, asymmetry of information, research and development costs, numerous channels of distribution and the differences among them, and government laws and regulations of prescription drugs. Pricing policies of pharmaceutical companies are based on manufacturing, promotion, and distribution costs; drug characteristics; and economic goals of the parent company.

  7. Adoption of alternative financing strategies to increase the diffusion of picture archiving and communication systems into the radiology marketplace.

    PubMed

    Reiner, B; Siegel, E; McKay, P

    2000-05-01

    The objective of the study was to evaluate current marketplace conditions and strategies employed by major picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) vendors in the creation of alternative financing strategies, to enhance the diffusion of filmless imaging. Data were collected from the major PACS vendors in the forms of survey questionnaires and review of existing leases. Topics evaluated in the survey included current financing options available, foreseeable changes in PACS financing, role of third-party financiers, and creation of risk-sharing arrangements. Generic leases were also reviewed evaluating the presence or absence of several key variables including technology obsolescence protection, hardware/software upgrades, end-of-term options, determination of fair market value, functionality/acceptance testing, uptime guarantees, and workflow management consulting. Eight of the 10 PACS vendors surveyed participated in the data collection. The vast majority of current PACS implementations (60% to 90%) occur through direct purchase, with conventional leasing (operating or capital) accounting for only 5% to 30% of PACS installations. The majority of respondents view fee-for-lease arrangements and other forms of risk sharing as increasing importance for future PACS financing. The specific targets for such risk-sharing arrangements consist of small hospital and privately owned imaging centers. Leases currently offered range in duration from 3 to 5 years and frequently offer technology obsolescence protection with upgrades, multiple end-of-term options, and some form of acceptance testing. A number of important variables frequently omitted from leases include uptime guarantees, flexibility in changing financing or vendors, and incorporation of expected productivity/operational efficiency gains. As vendors strive to increase the penetration of PACS into the radiology marketplace, there will be a shift from conventional financing (loan or purchase) to leasing. Fee

  8. Catastrophe Finance: An Emerging Discipline

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Elsner, James B.; Burch, R. King; Jagger, Thomas H.

    2009-08-01

    While the recent disasters in the world's financial markets demonstrate that finance theory remains far from perfected, science also faces steep challenges in the quest to predict and manage the effects of natural disasters. Worldwide, as many as half a million people have died in disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and tropical cyclones since the turn of the 21st century [Wirtz, 2008]. Further, natural disasters can lead to extreme financial losses, and independent financial collapses can be exacerbated by natural disasters. In financial cost, 2008 was the second most expensive year on record for such catastrophes and for financial market declines. These extreme events in the natural and financial realms push the issue of risk management to the fore, expose the deficiencies of existing knowledge and practice, and suggest that progress requires further research and training at the graduate level.

  9. Financial Accounting for Local and State School Systems.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Barr, Richard H.

    The primary purpose of this handbook is to reflect changes that have occurred in governmental accounting and educational finance since 1973. Major emphasis is placed on defining account classifications that provide meaningful financial management information. After describing the need for and advantages of a proposed account classification system,…

  10. 7 CFR 985.42 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 985.42 Section 985.42 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements....42 Accounting. (a) Excess funds. At the end of a marketing year, funds in excess of the year's...

  11. Evidence from the national health account: the case of Dubai

    PubMed Central

    Hamidi, Samer

    2014-01-01

    Introduction National health accounts (NHAs) provide useful information to aid in understanding the health care financing system. This article aims to present a profile of health system financing in Dubai using data from the NHA. We also aim to compare the provider structure of financing schemes in Dubai with those of the State of Qatar and selected Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Methods The author analyzed secondary data published in NHAs for Dubai and Qatar, and data collected by the OECD countries and publicly available from the Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat), for 25 OECD countries for comparative analysis. All health financing measures used are as defined in the international System of Health Accounts (SHA). Results In Dubai, only 33% of current health expenditure (CHE) is funded by the government. However, the public sector is the main source of health funding in Qatar and most OECD countries, with an average of 79% and 72%, respectively. Households in Dubai spent about 22% of CHE, equivalent to an average US$187 per capita, ranking the highest among Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, and compared with 20% of CHE across OECD countries. Hospitals in Dubai accounted for 48% of CHE, which is much higher than Qatar (40%) and the OECD average (36%). Conclusion The Dubai health care financing system differs substantially from that in OECD countries, as it is more private oriented. The findings point to several potential opportunities for growth and improvement. Policy areas that may be addressed using the information presented in this article are broad and include the following: shift from hospital care to ambulatory and day care, sustainability of health finance, shift the cost of health care to the private sector, introduce cost-containment measures, revise payment systems for health providers, and produce subnational accounts for non-communicable diseases. More investment in the translation of

  12. Changing Lives through Lifelong Learning Accounts

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Council for Adult and Experiential Learning (NJ1), 2007

    2007-01-01

    As conceived by the Council for Adult and Experiential Learning (CAEL), Lifelong Learning Accounts (LiLAs[SM]) are employer-matched, portable individual accounts used to finance employee education and training. They provide employees with an affordable means of upgrading their skills and knowledge, while helping to meet the needs of employers and…

  13. 31 CFR 570.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 570.203 Section 570.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... LIBYAN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 570.203 Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts...

  14. 31 CFR 548.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 548.203 Section 548.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... BELARUS SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 548.203 Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts...

  15. 31 CFR 541.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 541.203 Section 541.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... ZIMBABWE SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 541.203 Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts...

  16. 31 CFR 551.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 551.203 Section 551.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... SOMALIA SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 551.203 Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts...

  17. 31 CFR 546.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 546.203 Section 546.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... DARFUR SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 546.203 Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts...

  18. 31 CFR 549.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 549.203 Section 549.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... LEBANON SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 549.203 Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts...

  19. Pedagogical Strategies for Incorporating Behavioral Finance Concepts in Investment Courses

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Adams, Michael; Mullins, Terry; Thornton, Barry

    2007-01-01

    The traditional approach to teaching a course in investments is predicated upon the efficient market hypothesis, modern portfolio theory, and the assumption that decision-makers are rational, wealth optimizing entities. Recent developments in the arena of behavioral finance (BF) have raised questions about this approach. Although the idea of…

  20. 1996-2004 Trends in the Single-Family Housing Market: Spatial Analysis of the Residential Sector

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Anderson, Dave M.; Elliott, Douglas B.

    2006-09-05

    population has translated into proportional increases in share of home purchasing by both groups. White home buyers continue to decline as a proportion all home buyers. • Low interest rate climate resulted in lenders moving back to conventional financing, as opposed to government-backed financing, for cases that would be harder to financing in higher rate environments. Government loan products are one mechanism for affecting energy efficiency gains in the residential sector. • The rate environment and concurrent deregulation of the finance industry resulted unprecedented merger and acquisition activity among financial institutions during the study period. This study conducted a thorough accounting of this merger activity to inform the market share analysis provided. • The home finance industry quartiles feature 5 lenders making up the first quartile of home purchase loans, 18 lenders making up the second quartile, 111 lenders making up the third quartile, and the remaining nearly 8,000 lenders make up the fourth quartile.« less

  1. The health financing transition: a conceptual framework and empirical evidence.

    PubMed

    Fan, Victoria Y; Savedoff, William D

    2014-03-01

    Almost every country exhibits two important health financing trends: health spending per person rises and the share of out-of-pocket spending on health services declines. We describe these trends as a "health financing transition" to provide a conceptual framework for understanding health markets and public policy. Using data over 1995-2009 from 126 countries, we examine the various explanations for changes in health spending and its composition with regressions in levels and first differences. We estimate that the income elasticity of health spending is about 0.7, consistent with recent comparable studies. Our analysis also shows a significant trend in health spending - rising about 1 per cent annually - which is associated with a combination of changing technology and medical practices, cost pressures and institutions that finance and manage healthcare. The out-of-pocket share of total health spending is not related to income, but is influenced by a country's capacity to raise general revenues. These results support the existence of a health financing transition and characterize how public policy influences these trends. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Guide to conducting state recycling economic development finance workshops

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    1996-12-31

    The objective of this project was to demonstrate a two-pronged program for educating economic development and recycling officials about recycling business development opportunities. The project consisted of conducting a stat recycling finance workshop in each of three Northeastern states, as well as recycling economic development finance training program for the region`s economic development and recycling officials. The goal of the project is to facilitate the expansion of recycling businesses in the Northeast. The guide details seven steps to conducting a recycling economic development finance workshop: (1) establish a workshop planning committee, (2) select the target audience, (3) develop the workshopmore » message, (4) identify the message deliverer, (5) choose workshop topics and structure the workshop, (6) attract the audience, and (7) Conduct follow-up. In the process of planning and conducting the three state workshops for this project, NERC learned several important lessons: (1) Conduct workshops that are specific to the recycling and economic development programs in the state. (2) Include recycling business case studies on the workshop agenda. (3) Enhance the workshop with recycling economic development finance training. Develop a comprehensive marketing strategy.« less

  3. 12 CFR 932.5 - Market risk capital requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 932.5 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK RISK MANAGEMENT AND..., commodity prices, and equity prices that could occur during periods of market stress, where the market value... options, to a comparable degree of stress for such factors as will be required for an internal market risk...

  4. 12 CFR 932.5 - Market risk capital requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 932.5 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK RISK MANAGEMENT AND..., commodity prices, and equity prices that could occur during periods of market stress, where the market value... options, to a comparable degree of stress for such factors as will be required for an internal market risk...

  5. 12 CFR 932.5 - Market risk capital requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 932.5 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK RISK MANAGEMENT AND..., commodity prices, and equity prices that could occur during periods of market stress, where the market value... options, to a comparable degree of stress for such factors as will be required for an internal market risk...

  6. 12 CFR 932.5 - Market risk capital requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 932.5 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK RISK MANAGEMENT AND..., commodity prices, and equity prices that could occur during periods of market stress, where the market value... options, to a comparable degree of stress for such factors as will be required for an internal market risk...

  7. Toward a rational exuberance for ecosystem services markets

    Treesearch

    Jeffrey D. Kline; Marisa J. Mazzotta; Trista M. Patterson

    2009-01-01

    Ecosystem services markets have become a popular topic among environmental policymakers and ecosystem protection advocates. Their proponents view markets as a promising new way to finance conservation of threatened ecosystems worldwide at a time when the need for additional protection seems especially critical. Their advocates in forestry promise that such markets will...

  8. Human Rights and the Political Economy of Universal Health Care: Designing Equitable Financing.

    PubMed

    Rudiger, Anja

    2016-12-01

    Health system financing is a critical factor in securing universal health care and achieving equity in access and payment. The human rights framework offers valuable guidance for designing a financing strategy that meets these goals. This article presents a rights-based approach to health care financing developed by the human right to health care movement in the United States. Grounded in a human rights analysis of private, market-based health insurance, advocates make the case for public financing through progressive taxation. Financing mechanisms are measured against the twin goals of guaranteeing access to care and advancing economic equity. The added focus on the redistributive potential of health care financing recasts health reform as an economic policy intervention that can help fulfill broader economic and social rights obligations. Based on a review of recent universal health care reform efforts in the state of Vermont, this article reports on a rights-based public financing plan and model, which includes a new business tax directed against wage disparities. The modeling results suggest that a health system financed through equitable taxation could produce significant redistributive effects, thus increasing economic equity while generating sufficient funds to provide comprehensive health care as a universal public good.

  9. 31 CFR 203.20 - Investment account requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Investment account requirements. 203... TREASURY TAX AND LOAN PROGRAM Investment Program and Collateral Security Requirements for TT&L Depositaries § 203.20 Investment account requirements. (a) Additions. Treasury will invest funds in obligations of...

  10. 31 CFR 540.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (c... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 540.203 Section 540.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  11. 17 CFR 151.11 - Designated contract market and swap execution facility position limits and accountability rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Designated contract market and swap execution facility position limits and accountability rules. (a) Spot... rules and procedures for monitoring and enforcing spot-month position limits set at levels no greater... monitoring and enforcing spot-month position limits set at levels no greater than 25 percent of estimated...

  12. 17 CFR 151.11 - Designated contract market and swap execution facility position limits and accountability rules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Designated contract market and swap execution facility position limits and accountability rules. (a) Spot... rules and procedures for monitoring and enforcing spot-month position limits set at levels no greater... monitoring and enforcing spot-month position limits set at levels no greater than 25 percent of estimated...

  13. School Finance Reform: Do Equalized Expenditures Imply Equalized Teacher Salaries?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Streams, Meg; Butler, J. S.; Cowen, Joshua; Fowles, Jacob; Toma, Eugenia F.

    2011-01-01

    Kentucky is a poor, relatively rural state that contrasts greatly with the relatively urban and wealthy states typically the subject of education studies employing large-scale administrative data. For this reason, Kentucky's experience of major school finance and curricular reform is highly salient for understanding teacher labor market dynamics.…

  14. Market valuation perspectives for photovoltaic systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Klise, Geoffrey Taylor

    Sandia National Laboratories, working with Energy Sense Finance developed the proof-ofconcept PV Valueª tool in 2011 to provide real estate appraisers a tool that can be used to develop the market value and fair market value of a solar photovoltaic system. PV Valueª moved from a proof-of-concept spreadsheet to a commercial web-based tool developed and operated exclusively by Energy Sense Finance in June 2014. This paper presents the results of a survey aimed at different user categories in order to measure how the tool is being used in the marketplace as well as elicit information that can be used tomore » improve the tools effectiveness.« less

  15. Sustainable Financing of Innovative Therapies: A Review of Approaches.

    PubMed

    Hollis, Aidan

    2016-10-01

    The process of innovation is inherently complex, and it occurs within an even more complex institutional environment characterized by incomplete information, market power, and externalities. There are therefore different competing approaches to supporting and financing innovation in medical technologies, which bring their own advantages and disadvantages. This article reviews value- and cost-based pricing, as well direct government funding, and cross-cutting institutional structures. It argues that performance-based risk-sharing agreements are likely to have little effect on the sustainability of financing; that there is a role for cost-based pricing models in some situations; and that the push towards longer exclusivity periods is likely contrary to the interests of industry.

  16. Accounting and accountability: observations on the AHERF settlements.

    PubMed

    Maco, P S; Weinstein, S J

    2000-10-01

    Recent enforcement proceedings involving health care and accounting--relating primarily to the Allegheny Health, Education and Research Foundation (AHERF)--have sparked renewed interest in the activities of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in the municipal securities market. Officials and accountants who are working for public-sector issuers in the healthcare industry have responsibilities under the Federal securities laws. Other issues of relevance include disclosure in the secondary market as well as upon initial issuance, and the significance of antifraud actions in other areas.

  17. 31 CFR 537.209 - Expenses of maintaining blocked property; liquidation of blocked account.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Expenses of maintaining blocked property; liquidation of blocked account. 537.209 Section 537.209 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY...

  18. 31 CFR 537.209 - Expenses of maintaining blocked property; liquidation of blocked account.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Expenses of maintaining blocked property; liquidation of blocked account. 537.209 Section 537.209 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY...

  19. Helping Your Older Family Member Handle Finances. A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication. PNW 344.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schmall, Vicki L.; Nay, Tim

    This booklet is designed to help individuals help older family members handle their finances. Presented first are 10 guidelines for keeping the tension involved in intervening in an older relative's finances to a minimum. The following financial/legal instruments are explained: joint bank accounts, powers of attorney (including durable powers of…

  20. 31 CFR 594.505 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 594.505 Section 594.505 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL...

  1. 31 CFR 594.505 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 594.505 Section 594.505 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL...

  2. 31 CFR 515.519 - Limited payments from accounts of United States citizens abroad.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Limited payments from accounts of United States citizens abroad. 515.519 Section 515.519 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CUBAN...

  3. 31 CFR 500.519 - Limited payments from accounts of United States citizens abroad.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Limited payments from accounts of United States citizens abroad. 500.519 Section 500.519 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FOREIGN...

  4. 31 CFR 510.505 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 510.505 Section 510.505 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA...

  5. Energy Technology and Market Risk Reduction | Integrated Energy Solutions |

    Science.gov Websites

    Leveraging our market and project development expertise, NREL offers a broad range of advisory services to policy and regulatory analysis, financing alternatives, project management, proposal reviews, and project , solar permitting standards, and more. Project Financing Alternatives We can help your organization

  6. 31 CFR 593.203 - Holding of blocked funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... blocked funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. (a) Except as provided in... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Holding of blocked funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 593.203 Section 593.203 Money and Finance: Treasury...

  7. Majoring in Money: How American College Students Manage Their Finances

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sallie Mae Bank, 2016

    2016-01-01

    Sallie Mae, the nation's saving, planning, and paying for college company, along with Ipsos, one of the world's largest, independent market research companies, surveyed 800 college students to learn more about how they are managing their finances and using credit. The online survey, completed in December 2015, comprised a cross-section of key…

  8. Marketing HMOs to Medicare beneficiaries.

    PubMed

    Neuman, P; Maibach, E; Dusenbury, K; Kitchman, M; Zupp, P

    1998-01-01

    Medicare health maintenance organizations (HMOs) market extensively to attract beneficiaries. To assess the dynamics of this marketing, this paper examines newspaper and television ads and materials from marketing seminars that are illustrative of Medicare HMOs' marketing activities in four major media markets. Lower costs and better benefits are pitched in the majority of the ads. Image and content analyses suggest that, in general, HMO ads appear to market to healthy seniors and not to the sick or to disabled persons under age sixty-five. Important plan information often appears in fine print. The study raises questions about the impact of marketing on beneficiaries' insurance choices and the challenges facing the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) in establishing and enforcing marketing guidelines.

  9. Pediatric Accountable Care Organizations: Insight From Early Adopters.

    PubMed

    Perrin, James M; Zimmerman, Edward; Hertz, Andrew; Johnson, Timothy; Merrill, Tom; Smith, David

    2017-02-01

    Partly in response to incentives in the Affordable Care Act, there has been major growth in accountable care organizations (ACO) in both the private and public sectors. For several reasons, growth of ACOs in pediatric care has been more modest than for older populations. The American Academy of Pediatrics collaborated with Leavitt Partners, LLC, to carry out a study of pediatric ACOs, including a series of 5 case studies of diverse pediatric models, a scan of Medicaid ACOs, and a summit of leaders in pediatric ACO development. These collaborative activities identified several issues in ACO formation and sustainability in pediatric settings and outlined a number of opportunities for the pediatric community in areas of organization, model change, and market dynamics; payment, financing, and contracting; quality and value; and use of new technologies. These insights can guide future work in pediatric ACO development. Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

  10. 12 CFR 996.3 - Demand deposit accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Demand deposit accounts. 996.3 Section 996.3 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD NON-BANK SYSTEM ENTITIES AUTHORITY FOR BANK ASSISTANCE OF THE RESOLUTION FUNDING CORPORATION § 996.3 Demand deposit accounts. Each Bank shall allow any...

  11. 31 CFR Appendix A to Part 212 - Model Notice to Account Holder

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Model Notice to Account Holder A Appendix A to Part 212 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... to satisfy a debt that you have not paid. In other words, if you owe money to a person or company...

  12. 31 CFR Appendix A to Part 212 - Model Notice to Account Holder

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Model Notice to Account Holder A Appendix A to Part 212 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... to satisfy a debt that you have not paid. In other words, if you owe money to a person or company...

  13. 31 CFR Appendix A to Part 212 - Model Notice to Account Holder

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Model Notice to Account Holder A Appendix A to Part 212 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... to satisfy a debt that you have not paid. In other words, if you owe money to a person or company...

  14. 31 CFR Appendix A to Part 212 - Model Notice to Account Holder

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Model Notice to Account Holder A Appendix A to Part 212 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... to satisfy a debt that you have not paid. In other words, if you owe money to a person or company...

  15. Finance and supply management project execution plan

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    BENNION, S.I.

    As a subproject of the HANDI 2000 project, the Finance and Supply Management system is intended to serve FDH and Project Hanford major subcontractor with financial processes including general ledger, project costing, budgeting, and accounts payable, and supply management process including purchasing, inventory and contracts management. Currently these functions are performed with numerous legacy information systems and suboptimized processes.

  16. Start-up analysis for marketing strategy.

    PubMed

    Griffith, M J; Baloff, N

    1984-01-01

    The complex start-up effect on utilization of health care services is too often overlooked or underestimated by marketing planners, leading to a range of negative consequences for both the users of services and the provider organization. Start-up analysis allows accurate estimation of these utilization effects for coordinated strategic planning among marketing finance, and operations.

  17. The Impact of New Technology on Accounting Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shaoul, Jean

    The introduction of computers in the Department of Accounting and Finance at Manchester University is described. General background outlining the increasing need for microcomputers in the accounting curriculum (including financial modelling tools and decision support systems such as linear programming, statistical packages, and simulation) is…

  18. Facility Accounting: Hammering Out a Capital Replacement Budget.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Readinger, Jay

    1996-01-01

    Most facility and finance managers cannot adequately handle school infrastructure issues because they lack the tools to describe the problem appropriately. Facility accounting gives managers accurate deferral and projected replacement costs, using nationally recognized life-cycle and cost data. Facility accounting enables proper management of…

  19. Straight talk new approaches in healthcare. The outpatient market: protect important market share.

    PubMed

    Broermann, Robert A; Kerner, Donald J; Walters, H Patrick; Hickman, Brett M

    2003-10-27

    Hospitals are facing competition from myriad freestanding players in the outpatient market. It's a fight hospitals can't afford to lose because they often use outpatient profits to cover losses in other service lines. Indeed about 60% of the average hospital's operating margin depends on outpatient revenues. In this session of Straight Talk, we examine how hospitals can build and finance outpatient services with physicians, increasing their competitiveness in increasingly competitive markets.

  20. Successful Strategies for Marketing School Levies. Fastback No. 310.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Graham, Glenn T.; And Others

    The use of modern marketing concepts to assist public school districts in the passage of school levies and bond issues is presented in this guidebook. The modern marketing concept is based on maximizing customer satisfaction and solving the problem of the consumer. Strategies are presented for conducting market analysis; financing, organizing, and…

  1. Sensitivity of Rooftop PV Projections in the SunShot Vision Study to Market Assumptions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Drury, E.; Denholm, P.; Margolis, R.

    2013-01-01

    The SunShot Vision Study explored the potential growth of solar markets if solar prices decreased by about 75% from 2010 to 2020. The SolarDS model was used to simulate rooftop PV demand for this study, based on several PV market assumptions--future electricity rates, customer access to financing, and others--in addition to the SunShot PV price projections. This paper finds that modeled PV demand is highly sensitive to several non-price market assumptions, particularly PV financing parameters.

  2. The self-pay personal assistance market: make it your business.

    PubMed

    Caro, F G; Trier, K; Brungo, D

    2001-10-01

    To be successful in reaching the self-pay market, providers must take a variety of steps, including expanding their service capability, developing an effective marketing strategy, and raising capital to finance service expansion costs.

  3. Market impact and structure dynamics of the Chinese stock market based on partial correlation analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Xing; Qiu, Tian; Chen, Guang; Zhong, Li-Xin; Wu, Xiao-Run

    2017-04-01

    Partial correlation analysis is employed to study the market impact on the Chinese stock market from both the native and external markets. Whereas the native market index is observed to have a great impact on the market correlations for both the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets, some external stock indices of the United States, European and Asian stock markets show a slight influence on the Chinese market. The individual stock can be affected by different economic sectors, but the dominant influence is from the sector the stock itself belongs to or closely related to, and the finance and insurance sector shows a weaker correlation with other economic sectors. Moreover, the market structure similarity exhibits a negative correlation with the price return in most time, and the structure similarity decays with the time interval.

  4. 31 CFR 1026.610 - Due diligence programs for correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Due diligence programs for correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions. 1026.610 Section 1026.610 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE...

  5. 31 CFR 1026.610 - Due diligence programs for correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Due diligence programs for correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions. 1026.610 Section 1026.610 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE...

  6. 31 CFR 1026.610 - Due diligence programs for correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Due diligence programs for correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions. 1026.610 Section 1026.610 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE...

  7. 31 CFR 1026.610 - Due diligence programs for correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Due diligence programs for correspondent accounts for foreign financial institutions. 1026.610 Section 1026.610 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE...

  8. Financing indicators for health care decentralization in Latin America: information and suggestions for health planning.

    PubMed

    Arredondo, A; Parada, I

    2001-01-01

    This article presents the results from an evaluative longitudinal study with before-after design. The main objective was to determine the effects of health care decentralization on changes in health financing. Taking into account feasibility, political and technical criteria, three Latin American countries were selected as study populations: Mexico, Nicaragua and Peru. The methodology had two main phases. In the first phase, the study referred to secondary sources of data and documents to obtain information about the following variables: type of decentralization implemented, source of finance, funds of financing, providers, final use of resources and mechanisms for resource allocation. In the second phase, the study referred to primary data collected in a survey of key personnel from the health sectors of each country. Taking into account the changes implemented in the three countries, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each country in financing and decentralization, a rule for decision-making is proposed that attempts to identify the main financial changes implemented in each country and the basic indicators that can be used in future years to direct the planning, assessment, adjustment and correction of health financing and decentralization.

  9. Health financing in Africa: overview of a dialogue among high level policy makers.

    PubMed

    Sambo, Luis Gomes; Kirigia, Joses Muthuri; Ki-Zerbo, Georges

    2011-06-13

    Even though Africa has the highest disease burden compared with other regions, it has the lowest per capita spending on health. In 2007, 27 (51%) out the 53 countries spent less than US$50 per person on health. Almost 30% of the total health expenditure came from governments, 50% from private sources (of which 71% was from out-of-pocket payments by households) and 20% from donors. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the proceedings of the African Union Side Event on Health Financing in the African continent. Methods employed in the session included presentations, panel discussion and open public discussion with ministers of health and finance from the African continent. The current unsatisfactory state of health financing was attributed to lack of clear vision and plan for health financing; lack of national health accounts and other evidence to guide development and implementation of national health financing policies and strategies; low investments in sectors that address social determinants of health; predominance of out-of-pocket spending; underdeveloped prepaid health financing mechanisms; large informal sectors vis-à-vis small formal sectors; and unpredictability and non-alignment of majority of donor funds with national health priorities.Countries need to develop and adopt a comprehensive national health policy and a costed strategic plan; a comprehensive evidence-based health financing strategy; allocate at least 15% of the national budget to health development; use GFATM and PEPFAR funds for health systems strengthening; strengthen intersectoral collaboration to address health determinants; advocate among donors to implement the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and its Accra Agenda for Action; ensure universal access to health services for pregnant women, lactating mothers and children aged under five years; strengthen financial management capacities; and develop prepaid health financing systems, especially health insurance to complement tax

  10. Mathematics, Pricing, Market Risk Management and Trading Strategies for Financial Derivatives (2/3)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Coffee, Brian

    Intro to Foreign Exchange: Volatility Markets & Trading. Applications of physics and finance; Market Trading and Risk Management of Vanilla FX Options; Measures of Market Risk; Implied Volatility; FX Risk Reversals; FX Strangles; Valuation and Risk Calculations; Risk Management; Market Trading Strategies.

  11. Mathematics, Pricing, Market Risk Management and Trading Strategies for Financial Derivatives (2/3)

    ScienceCinema

    Coffee, Brian

    2018-05-14

    Intro to Foreign Exchange: Volatility Markets & Trading. Applications of physics and finance; Market Trading and Risk Management of Vanilla FX Options; Measures of Market Risk; Implied Volatility; FX Risk Reversals; FX Strangles; Valuation and Risk Calculations; Risk Management; Market Trading Strategies.

  12. Sustainability + Accounting Education: The Elephant in the Classroom

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gray, Rob

    2013-01-01

    Despite the growing importance of sustainability and the sustainable development agenda, and despite the growing presence of papers recognising the critical interaction between sustainability and accounting and finance (and, indeed, with all social science), there has been a relatively muted response apparent within the accounting education…

  13. What's New: Update on GASB and Accounting Standards.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Marrone, Robert S.; Scharle, Robert E.

    1996-01-01

    Updates the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) statements, which pronounce upon and provide guidance in accounting and financial reporting for state and local governmental entities. Describes the development of GASB's governmental finance-reporting model project and identifies five components of internal control. One figure and two…

  14. Understanding Market Concentration: Internet-Based Applications from the Banking Industry

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hays, Fred H.; Ward, Sidne Gail

    2011-01-01

    Market structure is an essential topic in economics and finance courses, including bank management as well as many other business school courses, for example marketing, human resources and strategic management. Instructors explain the virtues of perfect competition and the evils of monopoly along with alternative market models. Often conversations…

  15. 31 CFR 357.20 - Securities account in Legacy Treasury Direct ®.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Securities System (Legacy Treasury Direct) § 357.20 Securities account in Legacy Treasury Direct ®. (a) Account. A securities account consists of: (1) An account master record, and (2) A securities portfolio... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Securities account in Legacy Treasury...

  16. Innovation in regulation of rapidly changing health markets.

    PubMed

    Bloom, Gerald; Henson, Spencer; Peters, David H

    2014-06-24

    The rapid evolution and spread of health markets across low and middle-income countries (LMICs) has contributed to a significant increase in the availability of health-related goods and services around the world. The support institutions needed to regulate these markets have lagged behind, with regulatory systems that are weak and under-resourced. This paper explores the key issues associated with regulation of health markets in LMICs, and the different goals of regulation, namely quality and safety of care, value for money, social agreement over fair access and financing, and accountability. Licensing, price controls, and other traditional approaches to the regulation of markets for health products and services have played an important role, but they have been of questionable effectiveness in ensuring safety and efficacy at the point of the user in LMICs. The paper proposes a health market systems conceptual framework, using the value chain for the production, distribution and retail of health goods and services, to examine regulation of health markets in the LMIC context. We conclude by exploring the changing context going forwards, laying out implications for future heath market regulation. We argue that the case for new approaches to the regulation of markets for health products and services in LMICs is compelling. Although traditional "command and control" approaches will have a place in the toolkit of regulators, a broader bundle of approaches is needed that is adapted to the national and market-level context of particular LMICs. The implication is that it is not possible to apply standard or single interventions across countries, as approaches proven to work well in one context will not necessarily work well elsewhere.

  17. Innovation in regulation of rapidly changing health markets

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    The rapid evolution and spread of health markets across low and middle-income countries (LMICs) has contributed to a significant increase in the availability of health-related goods and services around the world. The support institutions needed to regulate these markets have lagged behind, with regulatory systems that are weak and under-resourced. This paper explores the key issues associated with regulation of health markets in LMICs, and the different goals of regulation, namely quality and safety of care, value for money, social agreement over fair access and financing, and accountability. Licensing, price controls, and other traditional approaches to the regulation of markets for health products and services have played an important role, but they have been of questionable effectiveness in ensuring safety and efficacy at the point of the user in LMICs. The paper proposes a health market systems conceptual framework, using the value chain for the production, distribution and retail of health goods and services, to examine regulation of health markets in the LMIC context. We conclude by exploring the changing context going forwards, laying out implications for future heath market regulation. We argue that the case for new approaches to the regulation of markets for health products and services in LMICs is compelling. Although traditional "command and control" approaches will have a place in the toolkit of regulators, a broader bundle of approaches is needed that is adapted to the national and market-level context of particular LMICs. The implication is that it is not possible to apply standard or single interventions across countries, as approaches proven to work well in one context will not necessarily work well elsewhere. PMID:24961602

  18. 31 CFR 594.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 594.203 Section 594.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY...

  19. 31 CFR 545.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 545.203 Section 545.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY...

  20. 31 CFR 538.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 538.203 Section 538.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY...

  1. 31 CFR 537.208 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 537.208 Section 537.208 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY...

  2. 31 CFR 537.208 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 537.208 Section 537.208 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY...

  3. Energy Efficiency Financing for Low- and Moderate-Income Households: Current State of the Market, Issues, and Opportunities

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Leventis, Greg; Kramer, Chris; Schwartz, Lisa

    Ensuring that low- and moderate-income (LMI) households have access to energy efficiency is equitable, provides energy savings as a resource to meet energy needs, and can support multiple policy goals, such as affordable energy, job creation, and improved public health. Although the need is great, many LMI households may not be able to afford efficiency improvements or may be inhibited from adopting efficiency for other reasons. Decision-makers across the country are currently exploring the challenges and potential solutions to ramping up adoption of efficiency in LMI households, including the use of financing. The report’s objective is to offer state andmore » local policymakers, state utility regulators, program administrators, financial institutions, consumer advocates and other LMI stakeholders with an understanding of: -The relationship between LMI communities and financing for energy efficiency, including important considerations for its use such as consumer protections -The larger programmatic context of grant-based assistance and other related resources supporting LMI household energy efficiency -Lessons learned from existing energy efficiency financing programs serving LMI households -Financing products used by these programs and their relative advantages and disadvantages in addressing barriers to financing or to energy efficiency uptake for LMI households« less

  4. Effects of health decentralization, financing and governance in Mexico.

    PubMed

    Arredondo, Armando; Orozco, Emanuel

    2006-02-01

    To identify the effects of decentralization on health financing and governance policies in Mexico from the perspective of users and providers. A cross-sectional study was carried out in four states that were selected according to geopolitical and administrative criteria. Four indicators were assessed: changes and effects on governance, financing sources and funds, the final destination of resources, and fund allocation mechanisms. Data collection was performed using in-depth interviews with health system key personnel and community leaders, consensus techniques and document analyses. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed by thematic segmentation. The results show different effectiveness levels for the four states regarding changes in financing policies and community participation. Effects on health financing after decentralization were identified in each state, including: greater participation of municipal and state governments in health expenditure, increased financial participation of households, greater community participation in low-income states, duality and confusion in the new mechanisms for coordination among the three government levels, absence of an accountability system, lack of human resources and technical skills to implement, monitor and evaluate changes in financing. In general, positive and negative effects of decentralization on health financing and governance were identified. The effects mentioned by health service providers and users were related to a diversification of financing sources, a greater margin for decisions around the use and final destination of financial resources and normative development for the use of resources. At the community level, direct financial contributions were mentioned, as well as in-kind contributions, particularly in the form of community work.

  5. 7 CFR 948.200 - Accounting and collections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting and collections. 948.200 Section 948.200 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing... Accounting and Collections § 948.200 Accounting and collections. (a) Each handler's assessment account with...

  6. Towards a coherent global framework for health financing: recommendations and recent developments.

    PubMed

    Ottersen, Trygve; Elovainio, Riku; Evans, David B; McCoy, David; Mcintyre, Di; Meheus, Filip; Moon, Suerie; Ooms, Gorik; Røttingen, John-Arne

    2017-04-01

    The articles in this special issue have demonstrated how unprecedented transitions have come with both challenges and opportunities for health financing. Against the background of these challenges and opportunities, the Working Group on Health Financing at the Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security laid out, in 2014, a set of policy responses encapsulated in 20 recommendations for how to make progress towards a coherent global framework for health financing. These recommendations pertain to domestic financing of national health systems, global public goods for health, external financing for national health systems and the cross-cutting issues of accountability and agreement on a new global framework. Since the Working Group concluded its work, multiple events have reinforced the group's recommendations. Among these are the agreement on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals, the outbreak of Ebola in West Africa and the release of the Panama Papers. These events also represent new stepping stones towards a new global framework.

  7. Promoting Accountability and Enhancing Efficiency: Using National Education Accounts to Track Expenditure Flows

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chawla, Deepika; Forbes, Phyllis

    2010-01-01

    Increasing accountability and efficiency in the use of public and out-of-pocket financing in education are critical to realizing the maximum impact of the meager allocations to education in most developing countries. While broad estimates and numbers are routinely collected by most national ministries and state departments of education, the lack…

  8. Patient account managers' role comes into focus.

    PubMed

    Pellar, J R; MacFarlane, W A

    1991-04-01

    As hospitals begin to see their accounts receivable as a sleeping giant, the role of patient accounts managers may increase in importance. A 1991 survey of patient accounts managers reveals a 25 percent average salary increase over the 1988 figure. The responsibilities of patient accounts managers have remained much the same, with increased emphasis on the basics: receivables management, billing, and collection. A majority of patient accounts managers aspire to higher positions within healthcare finance and management. Most aspirants are well qualified in terms of education but may require professional certification before advancing.

  9. 31 CFR 535.901 - Dollar accounts at banks abroad.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Dollar accounts at banks abroad. 535... Miscellaneous Provisions § 535.901 Dollar accounts at banks abroad. Any domestic bank is hereby authorized to effect withdrawals or other transfers from any account held in the name of a non-Iranian bank located in...

  10. 31 CFR 535.901 - Dollar accounts at banks abroad.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Dollar accounts at banks abroad. 535... Miscellaneous Provisions § 535.901 Dollar accounts at banks abroad. Any domestic bank is hereby authorized to effect withdrawals or other transfers from any account held in the name of a non-Iranian bank located in...

  11. Brownfields New Markets Tax Credits

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This Brownfi elds Solutions factsheet is intended for brownfields stakeholders interested in how the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) Program can be used as a financing mechanism in brownfields cleanup and redevelopment.

  12. [Relating costs to activities in hospitals. Use of internal cost accounting].

    PubMed

    Stavem, K

    1995-01-10

    During the last few years hospital cost accounting has become widespread in many countries, in parallel with increasing cost pressure, greater competition and new financing schemes. Cost accounting has been used in the manufacturing industry for many years. Costs can be related to activities and production, e.g. by the costing of procedures, episodes of care and other internally defined cost objectives. Norwegian hospitals have lagged behind in the adoption of cost accounting. They ought to act quickly if they want to be prepared for possible changes in health care financing. The benefits can be considerable to a hospital operating in a rapidly changing health care environment.

  13. Access to finance from different finance provider types: Farmer knowledge of the requirements.

    PubMed

    Wulandari, Eliana; Meuwissen, Miranda P M; Karmana, Maman H; Oude Lansink, Alfons G J M

    2017-01-01

    Analysing farmer knowledge of the requirements of finance providers can provide valuable insights to policy makers about ways to improve farmers' access to finance. This study compares farmer knowledge of the requirements to obtain finance with the actual requirements set by different finance provider types, and investigates the relation between demographic and socioeconomic factors and farmer knowledge of finance requirements. We use a structured questionnaire to collect data from a sample of finance providers and farmers in Java Island, Indonesia. We find that the most important requirements to acquire finance vary among different finance provider types. We also find that farmers generally have little knowledge of the requirements, which are important to each type of finance provider. Awareness campaigns are needed to increase farmer knowledge of the diversity of requirements among the finance provider types.

  14. Long-term care financing: lessons from France.

    PubMed

    Doty, Pamela; Nadash, Pamela; Racco, Nathalie

    2015-06-01

    POLICY POINTS: France's model of third-party coverage for long-term services and supports (LTSS) combines a steeply income-adjusted universal public program for people 60 or older with voluntary supplemental private insurance. French and US policies differ: the former pay cash; premiums are lower; and take-up rates are higher, in part because employer sponsorship, with and without subsidization, is more common-but also because coverage targets higher levels of need and pays a smaller proportion of costs. Such inexpensive, bare-bones private coverage, especially if marketed as a supplement to a limited public benefit, would be more affordable to those Americans currently most at risk of "spending down" to Medicaid. An aging population leads to a growing demand for long-term services and supports (LTSS). In 2002, France introduced universal, income-adjusted, public long-term care coverage for adults 60 and older, whereas the United States funds means-tested benefits only. Both countries have private long-term care insurance (LTCI) markets: American policies create alternatives to out-of-pocket spending and protect purchasers from relying on Medicaid. Sales, however, have stagnated, and the market's viability is uncertain. In France, private LTCI supplements public coverage, and sales are growing, although its potential to alleviate the long-term care financing problem is unclear. We explore whether France's very different approach to structuring public and private financing for long-term care could inform the United States' long-term care financing reform efforts. We consulted insurance experts and conducted a detailed review of public reports, academic studies, and other documents to understand the public and private LTCI systems in France, their advantages and disadvantages, and the factors affecting their development. France provides universal public coverage for paid assistance with functional dependency for people 60 and older. Benefits are steeply income

  15. 7 CFR 906.35 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 906.35 Section 906.35 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... RIO GRANDE VALLEY IN TEXAS Order Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 906.35 Accounting. (a...

  16. 7 CFR 959.43 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 959.43 Section 959.43 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 959.43 Accounting. (a) Assessments collected in excess of...

  17. 7 CFR 956.43 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 956.43 Section 956.43 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... VALLEY OF SOUTHEAST WASHINGTON AND NORTHEAST OREGON Expenses and Assessments § 956.43 Accounting. (a) All...

  18. 7 CFR 966.43 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 966.43 Section 966.43 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 966.43 Accounting. (a) All funds received by the committee...

  19. 7 CFR 922.42 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 922.42 Section 922.42 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... IN WASHINGTON Order Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 922.42 Accounting. (a) If, at the...

  20. 7 CFR 923.42 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 923.42 Section 923.42 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... COUNTIES IN WASHINGTON Order Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 923.42 Accounting. (a) If, at...

  1. 7 CFR 982.62 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 982.62 Section 982.62 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... WASHINGTON Order Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 982.62 Accounting. (a) Operating reserve. The...

  2. Health care entrepreneurship: financing innovation.

    PubMed

    Grazier, Kyle L; Metzler, Bridget

    2006-01-01

    Entrepreneurship is often described as the ability to create new ventures from new or existing concepts, ideas and visions. There has been significant entrepreneurial response to the changes in the scientific and social underpinnings of health care services delivery. However, a growing portion of the economic development driving health care industry expansion is threatened further by longstanding use of financing models that are suboptimal for health care ventures. The delayed pace of entrepreneurial activity in this industry is in part a response to the general economy and markets, but also due to the lack of capital for new health care ventures. The recent dearth of entrepreneurial activities in the health services sector may also due to failure to consider new approaches to partnerships and strategic ventures, despite their mutually beneficial organizational and financing potential. As capital becomes more scarce for innovators, it is imperative that those with new and creative ideas for health and health care improvement consider techniques for capital acquisition that have been successful in other industries and at similar stages of development. The capital and added expertise can allow entrepreneurs to leverage resources, dampen business fluctuations, and strengthen long term prospects.

  3. Finance organizations, decisions and emotions.

    PubMed

    Pixley, Jocelyn

    2002-03-01

    Analyses of global financial markets are dominated by atomized models of decision-making and behavioural psychology ('exuberance' or 'panic'). In contrast, this paper argues that overwhelmingly, finance organizations rather than 'individuals' make decisions, and routinely use emotions in formulating expectations. Keynes introduced emotion (business confidence and animal spirits) but in economics, emotion remains individualistic and irrational. Luhmann's system theory lies at the other extreme, where emotions like trust and confidence are central variables, functional in the reduction of complexity in sub-systems like the economy. The gap between irrational emotions aggregated to 'herd' behaviour in economics, and 'system trust' applied to finance and money as a 'medium of communication' in sociology, remains largely unfilled. This paper argues that while organizations cannot be said to 'think' or 'feel', they are rational and emotional, because impersonal trust, confidence and their contrary emotions are unavoidable in decision-making due to fundamental uncertainty. These future-oriented emotions are prevalent within and between organizations in the financial sector, primarily in generating expectations. The dynamic of corporate activities of tense and ruthless struggle is a more plausible level of analysis than either financial 'manias' in aggregate or 'system trust'.

  4. Determinants of the cost of capital for privately financed hospital projects in the UK.

    PubMed

    Colla, Paolo; Hellowell, Mark; Vecchi, Veronica; Gatti, Stefano

    2015-11-01

    Many governments make use of private finance contracts to deliver healthcare infrastructure. Previous work has shown that the rate of return to investors in these markets often exceeds the efficient level. Our focus is on the factors that influence that return. We examine the effect of macroeconomic, project- and firm-level variables using a detailed sample of 84 UK private finance initiative (PFI) contracts signed between 1997 and 2010. Of the above variables, macroeconomic conditions and lead sponsor size are related to the investor return. However, our results show a remarkable degree of stability in the return to investors over the 14-year period. We find evidence of a 'prevailing norm' that is robust to project- and firm-level variation. The sustainability of excess returns over a long period is indicative of a concentrated market structure. We argue that policymakers should consider new mechanisms for increasing competition in the equity market, while ensuring that authorities have the specialist resources required to negotiate efficient contract prices. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Access to finance from different finance provider types: Farmer knowledge of the requirements

    PubMed Central

    Meuwissen, Miranda P. M.; Karmana, Maman H.; Oude Lansink, Alfons G. J. M.

    2017-01-01

    Analysing farmer knowledge of the requirements of finance providers can provide valuable insights to policy makers about ways to improve farmers’ access to finance. This study compares farmer knowledge of the requirements to obtain finance with the actual requirements set by different finance provider types, and investigates the relation between demographic and socioeconomic factors and farmer knowledge of finance requirements. We use a structured questionnaire to collect data from a sample of finance providers and farmers in Java Island, Indonesia. We find that the most important requirements to acquire finance vary among different finance provider types. We also find that farmers generally have little knowledge of the requirements, which are important to each type of finance provider. Awareness campaigns are needed to increase farmer knowledge of the diversity of requirements among the finance provider types. PMID:28877174

  6. 25 CFR 170.300 - May tribes use flexible financing to finance IRR transportation projects?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false May tribes use flexible financing to finance IRR... Financing § 170.300 May tribes use flexible financing to finance IRR transportation projects? Yes. Tribes may use flexible financing in the same manner as States to finance IRR transportation projects, unless...

  7. 25 CFR 170.300 - May tribes use flexible financing to finance IRR transportation projects?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false May tribes use flexible financing to finance IRR... Financing § 170.300 May tribes use flexible financing to finance IRR transportation projects? Yes. Tribes may use flexible financing in the same manner as States to finance IRR transportation projects, unless...

  8. 25 CFR 170.300 - May tribes use flexible financing to finance IRR transportation projects?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true May tribes use flexible financing to finance IRR... Financing § 170.300 May tribes use flexible financing to finance IRR transportation projects? Yes. Tribes may use flexible financing in the same manner as States to finance IRR transportation projects, unless...

  9. Teaching Graduate Business Students to Write Clearly about Technical Topics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dyrud, Marilyn A.; Worley, Rebecca B.; Jameson, Daphne

    2006-01-01

    Graduate programs in business emphasize technical analysis in finance, accounting, marketing, and other core courses. Important business decisions--what market to target, which products to offer, how to finance an acquisition, whether to lease or buy equipment--require mathematical and statistical problem solving. Management communication courses…

  10. 7 CFR 953.35 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 953.35 Section 953.35 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... STATES Order Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 953.35 Accounting. (a) If, at the end of a...

  11. 7 CFR 927.42 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 927.42 Section 927.42 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Order Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 927.42 Accounting. (a) If, at the end of a fiscal...

  12. 7 CFR 955.43 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 955.43 Section 955.43 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Expenses and Assessments § 955.43 Accounting. (a) All funds received by the committee pursuant to the...

  13. 7 CFR 929.42 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 929.42 Section 929.42 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Accounting. (a) If, at the end of a fiscal period, the assessments collected are in excess of expenses...

  14. 7 CFR 925.42 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 925.42 Section 925.42 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA Expenses and Assessments § 925.42 Accounting. (a) If, at the end of a fiscal period...

  15. 7 CFR 930.42 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 930.42 Section 930.42 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Expenses and Assessments § 930.42 Accounting. (a) If, at the end of a fiscal period, the assessments...

  16. 7 CFR 920.42 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 920.42 Section 920.42 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Expenses and Assessments § 920.42 Accounting. (a) If, at the end of a fiscal period, the assessments...

  17. 7 CFR 948.78 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 948.78 Section 948.78 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Order Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 948.78 Accounting. (a) If, at the end of a fiscal...

  18. 7 CFR 945.43 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 945.43 Section 945.43 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Assessments § 945.43 Accounting. (a) All funds received by the committee pursuant to the provisions of this...

  19. 7 CFR 958.43 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 958.43 Section 958.43 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Accounting. (a) All funds received by the committee pursuant to the provisions of this part shall be used...

  20. 7 CFR 917.38 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 917.38 Section 917.38 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... CALIFORNIA Order Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 917.38 Accounting. If, at the end of a fiscal...

  1. 7 CFR 989.81 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 989.81 Section 989.81 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... CALIFORNIA Order Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 989.81 Accounting. (a) If, at the end of the...

  2. 12 CFR 932.5 - Market risk capital requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Market risk capital requirement. 932.5 Section 932.5 Banks and Banking FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK RISK MANAGEMENT AND CAPITAL STANDARDS FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS § 932.5 Market risk capital requirement. (a...

  3. The EPSA Project Finance Mapping Tool

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hadley, Stanton W.; Chinthavali, Supriya

    The Energy Policy and Systems Analysis Office of DOE has requested a tool to compare the impact of various Federal policies on the financial viability of generation resources across the country. Policy options could include production tax credits, investment tax credits, solar renewable energy credits, tax abatement, accelerated depreciation, tax-free loans, and others. The tool would model the finances of projects in all fifty states, and possibly other geographic units like utility service territories and RTO/ISO territories. The tool would consider the facility s cost, financing, production, and revenues under different capital and market structures to determine things like levelizedmore » cost of energy, return on equity, and cost impacts on others (e.g., load-serving entities, society.) The tool would compare the cost and value of the facility to the local regional alternatives to determine how and where policy levers may provide sufficient incremental value to motivate investment. The results will be displayed through a purpose-built visualization that maps geographic variations and shows associated figures and tables.« less

  4. Influence of the Investor's Behavior on the Complexity of the Stock Market

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Atman, A. P. F.; Gonçalves, Bruna Amin

    2012-04-01

    One of the pillars of the finance theory is the efficient-market hypothesis, which is used to analyze the stock market. However, in recent years, this hypothesis has been questioned by a number of studies showing evidence of unusual behaviors in the returns of financial assets ("anomalies") caused by behavioral aspects of the economic agents. Therefore, it is time to initiate a debate about the efficient-market hypothesis and the "behavioral finances." We here introduce a cellular automaton model to study the stock market complexity, considering different behaviors of the economical agents. From the analysis of the stationary standard of investment observed in the simulations and the Hurst exponents obtained for the term series of stock index, we draw conclusions concerning the complexity of the model compared to real markets. We also investigate which conditions of the investors are able to influence the efficient market hypothesis statements.

  5. Higher Education Finance Manual: Volume 2. Data Users' Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Collier, Douglas J.; Allen, Richard H.

    The second volume of the revised "Higher Education Finance Manual" (HEFM), this data users' guide is oriented to the nonaccountant and describes the kinds of information about postsecondary education that can be derived from institutional financial data. Contents include: a description of fund accounting for higher education, a…

  6. Some comments on Hurst exponent and the long memory processes on capital markets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sánchez Granero, M. A.; Trinidad Segovia, J. E.; García Pérez, J.

    2008-09-01

    The analysis of long memory processes in capital markets has been one of the topics in finance, since the existence of the market memory could implicate the rejection of an efficient market hypothesis. The study of these processes in finance is realized through Hurst exponent and the most classical method applied is R/S analysis. In this paper we will discuss the efficiency of this methodology as well as some of its more important modifications to detect the long memory. We also propose the application of a classical geometrical method with short modifications and we compare both approaches.

  7. Electricity Market Module - NEMS Documentation

    EIA Publications

    2017-01-01

    Documents the Electricity Market Module as it was used for the Annual Energy Outlook. The Electricity Market Module (EMM) is the electricity supply component of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). The EMM represents the generation, transmission, and pricing of electricity. It consists of four submodules: the Electricity Capacity Planning (ECP) Submodule, the Electricity Fuel Dispatch (EFD) Submodule, the Electricity Finance and Pricing (EFP) Submodule, and the Electricity Load and Demand (ELD) Submodule.

  8. 31 CFR 363.201 - What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes, and bonds?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes, and bonds? 363.201 Section 363.201 Money and Finance... Securities § 363.201 What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes...

  9. 31 CFR 363.201 - What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes, and bonds?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes, and bonds? 363.201 Section 363.201 Money and Finance... Securities § 363.201 What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes...

  10. 31 CFR 363.201 - What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes, and bonds?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes, and bonds? 363.201 Section 363.201 Money and Finance... Securities § 363.201 What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes...

  11. 31 CFR 363.201 - What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes, and bonds?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes, and bonds? 363.201 Section 363.201 Money and Finance... Securities § 363.201 What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes...

  12. 31 CFR 363.201 - What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes, and bonds?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes, and bonds? 363.201 Section 363.201 Money and Finance... Securities § 363.201 What other regulations govern book-entry marketable book-entry Treasury bills, notes...

  13. Accounting Procedures for Student Organizations.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    California State Dept. of Education, Sacramento.

    This two-part handbook presents information on accounting procedures for student organizations, with a focus on the laws, policies, and procedures that affect student body organizations. Part 1 contains information about: (1) legal status of a school's student body organization; (2) principles governing student body finance; (3) administration of…

  14. 7 CFR 983.74 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 983.74 Section 983.74 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements..., ARIZONA, AND NEW MEXICO Expenses and Assessments § 983.74 Accounting. (a) If, at the end of a production...

  15. 7 CFR 915.42 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 915.42 Section 915.42 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 915.42 Accounting. (a) If, at the end of a fiscal year, the...

  16. 7 CFR 924.42 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 924.42 Section 924.42 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... § 924.42 Accounting. (a) If, at the end of a fiscal period, the assessments collected are in excess of...

  17. 7 CFR 916.42 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 916.42 Section 916.42 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 916.42 Accounting. (a) If, at the end of a fiscal period, the...

  18. 7 CFR 932.40 - Accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting. 932.40 Section 932.40 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements... Regulating Handling Expenses and Assessments § 932.40 Accounting. (a) If, at the end of a fiscal year, the...

  19. From blockchain technology to global health equity: can cryptocurrencies finance universal health coverage?

    PubMed Central

    Till, Brian M; Peters, Alexander W; Afshar, Salim; Meara, John G

    2017-01-01

    Blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies could remake global health financing and usher in an era global health equity and universal health coverage. We outline and provide examples for at least four important ways in which this potential disruption of traditional global health funding mechanisms could occur: universal access to financing through direct transactions without third parties; novel new multilateral financing mechanisms; increased security and reduced fraud and corruption; and the opportunity for open markets for healthcare data that drive discovery and innovation. We see these issues as a paramount to the delivery of healthcare worldwide and relevant for payers and providers of healthcare at state, national and global levels; for government and non-governmental organisations; and for global aid organisations, including the WHO, International Monetary Fund and World Bank Group. PMID:29177101

  20. From blockchain technology to global health equity: can cryptocurrencies finance universal health coverage?

    PubMed

    Till, Brian M; Peters, Alexander W; Afshar, Salim; Meara, John

    2017-01-01

    Blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies could remake global health financing and usher in an era global health equity and universal health coverage. We outline and provide examples for at least four important ways in which this potential disruption of traditional global health funding mechanisms could occur: universal access to financing through direct transactions without third parties; novel new multilateral financing mechanisms; increased security and reduced fraud and corruption; and the opportunity for open markets for healthcare data that drive discovery and innovation. We see these issues as a paramount to the delivery of healthcare worldwide and relevant for payers and providers of healthcare at state, national and global levels; for government and non-governmental organisations; and for global aid organisations, including the WHO, International Monetary Fund and World Bank Group.

  1. Using real-estate-based financing to access capital.

    PubMed

    Tobin, W C; Kryzaniak, L A

    1998-07-01

    One strategy employed by healthcare organizations to increase their market presence is the construction of new facilities. Accessing capital to fund such construction, however, has become more of a challenge. One relatively untapped source of building capital is real-estate-based financing. Nonrecourse mortgages, turnkey net leases, and synthetic leases can provide several advantages to healthcare organizations seeking capital, assuming issues related to building ownership, debt and balance sheet effects, and tax-exempt status have been thoroughly explored first.

  2. Creative Bus Financing.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Malone, Wade

    1982-01-01

    Alternative ways of financing school bus purchases include financing privately through contractors or commercial banks, financing through sources such as insurance companies and pension funds, leasing the buses, or contracting for transportation services. (Author/MLF)

  3. 13 CFR 108.640 - Requirement to file portfolio financing reports (SBA Form 1031).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Requirement to file portfolio financing reports (SBA Form 1031). 108.640 Section 108.640 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION NEW MARKETS VENTURE CAPITAL (âNMVCâ) PROGRAM Recordkeeping, Reporting, and Examination...

  4. Financing development stage biotechnology companies: RMs vs. IPOs.

    PubMed

    Ahn, Mark J; Couch, Robert B; Wu, Wei

    2011-01-01

    We examine reverse mergers (RMs) in the biotechnology industry and find that, when compared to initial public offerings (IPOs), RMs are smaller, have significantly lower market valuations relative to size, and generally invest less. We also find that RMs exhibit positive abnormal returns on the announcement date and throughout the first year after the RM event. In looking at liquidity measures, we find that RMs tend to be less liquid than IPOs and that illiquidity is greater during the six-month lock-up period following the RM event. Thus, RMs may be an appropriate alternative financing vehicle in capital intensive, high-risk biotechnology companies which require accessing deeper and larger pools of investors in public capital markets across multiple milestone periods in a "pay for progress" environment.

  5. Health financing in Africa: overview of a dialogue among high level policy makers

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Background Even though Africa has the highest disease burden compared with other regions, it has the lowest per capita spending on health. In 2007, 27 (51%) out the 53 countries spent less than US$50 per person on health. Almost 30% of the total health expenditure came from governments, 50% from private sources (of which 71% was from out-of-pocket payments by households) and 20% from donors. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the proceedings of the African Union Side Event on Health Financing in the African continent. Methods Methods employed in the session included presentations, panel discussion and open public discussion with ministers of health and finance from the African continent. Discussion The current unsatisfactory state of health financing was attributed to lack of clear vision and plan for health financing; lack of national health accounts and other evidence to guide development and implementation of national health financing policies and strategies; low investments in sectors that address social determinants of health; predominance of out-of-pocket spending; underdeveloped prepaid health financing mechanisms; large informal sectors vis-à-vis small formal sectors; and unpredictability and non-alignment of majority of donor funds with national health priorities. Countries need to develop and adopt a comprehensive national health policy and a costed strategic plan; a comprehensive evidence-based health financing strategy; allocate at least 15% of the national budget to health development; use GFATM and PEPFAR funds for health systems strengthening; strengthen intersectoral collaboration to address health determinants; advocate among donors to implement the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and its Accra Agenda for Action; ensure universal access to health services for pregnant women, lactating mothers and children aged under five years; strengthen financial management capacities; and develop prepaid health financing systems, especially

  6. 49 CFR 1242.84 - Marketing, sales, and public relations and advertising (accounts XX-63-88, XX-63-89 and XX-63-93).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Marketing, sales, and public relations and advertising (accounts XX-63-88, XX-63-89 and XX-63-93). 1242.84 Section 1242.84 Transportation Other... PASSENGER SERVICE FOR RAILROADS 1 Operating Expenses § 1242.84 Marketing, sales, and public relations and...

  7. The association of debt financing with not-for-profit hospitals' provision of uncompensated care.

    PubMed

    Magnus, Stephen A; Smith, Dean G; Wheeler, John R C

    2004-01-01

    Not-for-profit hospitals undertook unprecedented amounts of debt in the mid to late 1990s. Corporate finance theory and the literature on hospital financing suggest that debt may constrain hospitals' capacity to deliver uncompensated care. Using data from audited financial statements for a sample of hospitals, this article explores whether debt financing is associated with hospitals' provision of uncompensated care, an output central to many hospitals' service missions. Contrary to expectations, our analysis finds that higher debt is associated with higher levels of uncompensated care. However, the results may reflect the unusual economic and stock-market conditions prevailing in the mid 1990s, and they are consistent with the views of hospital financial managers and other practitioners whom we interviewed.

  8. The Three Rs of Education Finance Reform: Re-Thinking, Re-Tooling, and Re-Evaluating School-Site Information.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Speakman, Sheree T.; And Others

    1997-01-01

    Examines the need for new financial reporting and analysis, starting with rethinking the school finance field, retooling the management information systems for school finance, and re-evaluating knowledge about school-site management, accounting, and reporting. Demonstrates a new reporting methodology, the Financial Analysis Model, that traces…

  9. Water Finance Forum-Texas

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Regional Finance Forum: Financing Resilient and Sustainable Water Infrastructure, held in Addison, Texas, September 10-11, 2015.Co-sponsored by EPA's Water Infrastructure and Resiliency Finance Center and the Environmental Finance Center Network.

  10. Political Influence Networks and Kentucky School Finance Reform. Draft.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kuo, Victor

    In 1989, national attention was given to the unusual amount of cooperation and social connections among key policy actors in a major school-finance lawsuit in Kentucky. The case resulted in a judicial ruling declaring the entire state's school system unconstitutional. Accounts of this ruling attributed the unprecedented decision partly to…

  11. Occupational medicine. The essentials of finance.

    PubMed

    Fallon, J B

    1989-01-01

    Finance is concerned with the generation and use of funds to support organizational objectives whereas accounting records transactions and summarizes how funds are expended. Money has costs associated with its procurement and use. There are costs associated with maintaining equipment and inventory. Financial analysts have developed methods to evaluate a company's efficiency in using money. While the occupational physician may not be directly involved in financial activities, knowledge of the techniques used should improve an understanding of organizational limitations.

  12. National Health Accounts: A Framework For Understanding Health Care Financing.

    PubMed

    Waldo, Daniel

    2018-03-01

    Over the course of the past century, the challenges facing the United States in its consumption of health care goods and services have not changed very much. What is being consumed, who is paying for it, and how much is affordable are questions that arise in every cycle of the debate-if they ever go dormant. National Health Accounts are one tool to use in the search for answers to these questions and to the challenges behind the questions. The accounts cannot (and do not pretend to) address every aspect of the debate, but they provide an important context. In this article I briefly review the history of the health accounts and discuss their strengths and weaknesses in the context of the present debate over spending.

  13. Teaching about Financial Markets.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Banaszak, Ronald A.

    1992-01-01

    Discusses teaching about the financial market as it relates to family finances, savings, and business. Explains ways of making these relationships clear to students through diagrams, activities, games, and role playing. Suggests questions to focus on that highlight the relationship between the rate of return and the risks involved. (DK)

  14. 31 CFR 1026.630 - Prohibition on correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks; records concerning owners of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Prohibition on correspondent accounts... process. 1026.630 Section 1026.630 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES FOR FUTURES COMMISSION...

  15. 31 CFR 1026.630 - Prohibition on correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks; records concerning owners of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Prohibition on correspondent accounts... process. 1026.630 Section 1026.630 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES FOR FUTURES COMMISSION...

  16. 31 CFR 1026.630 - Prohibition on correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks; records concerning owners of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Prohibition on correspondent accounts... process. 1026.630 Section 1026.630 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES FOR FUTURES COMMISSION...

  17. 31 CFR 1026.630 - Prohibition on correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks; records concerning owners of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Prohibition on correspondent accounts... process. 1026.630 Section 1026.630 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES FOR FUTURES COMMISSION...

  18. 31 CFR 103.177 - Prohibition on correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks; records concerning owners of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... process. 103.177 Section 103.177 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance FINANCIAL RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING OF CURRENCY AND FOREIGN TRANSACTIONS Anti-Money Laundering Programs... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Prohibition on correspondent accounts...

  19. Carbon Emission Reduction with Capital Constraint under Greening Financing and Cost Sharing Contract.

    PubMed

    Qin, Juanjuan; Zhao, Yuhui; Xia, Liangjie

    2018-04-13

    Motivated by the industrial practices, this work explores the carbon emission reductions for the manufacturer, while taking into account the capital constraint and the cap-and-trade regulation. To alleviate the capital constraint, two contracts are analyzed: greening financing and cost sharing. We use the Stackelberg game to model four cases as follows: (1) in Case A1, the manufacturer has no greening financing and no cost sharing; (2) in Case A2, the manufacturer has greening financing, but no cost sharing; (3) in Case B1, the manufacturer has no greening financing but has cost sharing; and, (4) in Case B2, the manufacturer has greening financing and cost sharing. Then, using the backward induction method, we derive and compare the equilibrium decisions and profits of the participants in the four cases. We find that the interest rate of green finance does not always negatively affect the carbon emission reduction of the manufacturer. Meanwhile, the cost sharing from the retailer does not always positively affect the carbon emission reduction of the manufacturer. When the cost sharing is low, both of the participants' profits in Case B1 (under no greening finance) are not less than that in Case B2 (under greening finance). When the cost sharing is high, both of the participants' profits in Case B1 (under no greening finance) are less than that in Case B2 (under greening finance).

  20. Carbon Emission Reduction with Capital Constraint under Greening Financing and Cost Sharing Contract

    PubMed Central

    Qin, Juanjuan; Zhao, Yuhui; Xia, Liangjie

    2018-01-01

    Motivated by the industrial practices, this work explores the carbon emission reductions for the manufacturer, while taking into account the capital constraint and the cap-and-trade regulation. To alleviate the capital constraint, two contracts are analyzed: greening financing and cost sharing. We use the Stackelberg game to model four cases as follows: (1) in Case A1, the manufacturer has no greening financing and no cost sharing; (2) in Case A2, the manufacturer has greening financing, but no cost sharing; (3) in Case B1, the manufacturer has no greening financing but has cost sharing; and, (4) in Case B2, the manufacturer has greening financing and cost sharing. Then, using the backward induction method, we derive and compare the equilibrium decisions and profits of the participants in the four cases. We find that the interest rate of green finance does not always negatively affect the carbon emission reduction of the manufacturer. Meanwhile, the cost sharing from the retailer does not always positively affect the carbon emission reduction of the manufacturer. When the cost sharing is low, both of the participants’ profits in Case B1 (under no greening finance) are not less than that in Case B2 (under greening finance). When the cost sharing is high, both of the participants’ profits in Case B1 (under no greening finance) are less than that in Case B2 (under greening finance). PMID:29652859

  1. The Psychological Work Preferences of Business Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gilbert, G. Ronald; Burnett, Meredith; Leartsurawat, Watcharaphong

    2010-01-01

    This study examines work preferences of 984 students across 6 disciplines within a business school--accounting, finance, information technology/decision science, management and international business, marketing, and hospitality management. Differences are found on 11 of the 17 measures. As predicted, we found that (a) accounting, finance, and…

  2. Common scaling behavior in finance and macroeconomics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Podobnik, B.; Horvatic, D.; Petersen, A. M.; Njavro, M.; Stanley, H. E.

    2010-08-01

    In order to test whether scaling exists in finance at the world level, we test whether the average growth rates and volatility of market capitalization (MC) depend on the level of MC. We analyze the MC for 54 worldwide stock indices and 48 worldwide bond indices. We find that (i) the average growth rate of the MC and (ii) the standard deviation σ(r) of growth rates r decrease both with MC as power laws, with exponents αw = 0.28 ± 0.09 and βw = 0.12 ± 0.04. We define a stochastic process in order to model the scaling results we find for worldwide stock and bond indices. We establish a power-law relationship between the MC of a country's financial market and the gross domestic product (GDP) of the same country.

  3. Taxpayer Equity in School Finance Reform: The School Finance and the Public Finance Perspectives.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Berne, Robert; Stiefel, Leanna

    1979-01-01

    Elaborates on distinctions between different formulations of taxpayer equity. First, taxpayer equity is examined from the school finance perspective, then notions of taxpayer equity that are more consistent with public finance views, but that can and have been applied to education, are introduced. (Author/IRT)

  4. 7 CFR 1488.21 - Exporter's records and accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... COMMODITIES Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Miscellaneous Provisions § 1488.21 Exporter's records and accounts. CCC shall have...

  5. 7 CFR 1488.21 - Exporter's records and accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... COMMODITIES Financing of Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Miscellaneous Provisions § 1488.21 Exporter's records and accounts. CCC shall have...

  6. A study on satisfaction with publicly financed health services in China.

    PubMed

    Zhai, Shaoguo; Wang, Pei; Wang, Anli; Dong, Quanfang; Cai, Jiaoli; Coyte, Peter C

    2017-08-28

    With implementation of Chinese universal healthcare, the performance of urban and rural residents' healthcare and the degree of satisfaction with publicly financed health services have become a hot issue in assessing health reforms in China. An evaluation model of health services in community and evaluation indexes of health-system performance have been put forward in related researches. This study examines variation in satisfaction with publicly financed health services among urban and rural residents in five Chinese cities and assesses their determinants. The data are derived from a survey of 1198 urban and rural residents from five nationally representative regions concerning their perceptions of satisfaction with China's publicly financed health services. The respondents assessed their degree of satisfaction with publicly financed health services on a 5-point Likert scale. It is a kind of questionaire scale that features the answers for 1-5 points labeled very unsatisfied, unsatisfied, neither unsatisfied nor satisfied, satisfied and very satisfied linking to each factor or variable, where a score of 1 reflects the lowest degree of satisfaction and a score of 5 represents the highest degree. The logistic regression methods are used to identify the variables into its determining components. The overall satisfaction degree representing satisfaction of all factors (variables) is 3.02, which is at the middle level of a 1-5 Likert scale, inferring respondents' neutral attitude to publicly financed health services. According to the correlation test, the factors with characteristic root greater than 0.5 are chosen to take the factor analysis and 12 extracted factors can explain 77.97% of original 18 variables' total variance. Regression analysis based on the survey data finds that health records, vaccinations, pediatric care, elder care, and mental health management are the main factors accounting for degree of satisfaction with publicly financed health services for

  7. Update on State-Wide School Finance Cases. School Finance Project.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, Washington, DC.

    In May 1974, the School Finance Project of the Lawyers' Committee published a Summary of State-Wide School Finance Cases. Its purpose was to provide an overview of the field so that interested persons could quickly learn the status of school finance litigation in the several states. This was accomplished by tracing the procedural history of each…

  8. 13 CFR 107.730 - Financings which constitute conflicts of interest.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... interests (including potential interests), of at least five percent. (2) Other Financings with Associates... were) fair and equitable to you, taking into account any differences in the timing of each party's... direct or indirect financial interest in the Portfolio Concern that exceeds, or has the potential to...

  9. 13 CFR 107.730 - Financings which constitute conflicts of interest.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... interests (including potential interests), of at least five percent. (2) Other Financings with Associates... were) fair and equitable to you, taking into account any differences in the timing of each party's... direct or indirect financial interest in the Portfolio Concern that exceeds, or has the potential to...

  10. Accountability and Primary Healthcare

    PubMed Central

    Mukhi, Shaheena; Barnsley, Jan; Deber, Raisa B.

    2014-01-01

    This paper examines the accountability structures within primary healthcare (PHC) in Ontario; in particular, who is accountable for what and to whom, and the policy tools being used. Ontario has implemented a series of incremental reforms, using expenditure policy instruments, enforced through contractual agreements to provide a defined set of publicly financed services that are privately delivered, most often by family physicians. The findings indicate that reporting, funding, evaluation and governance accountability requirements vary across service provider models. Accountability to the funder and patients is most common. Agreements, incentives and compensation tools have been used but may be insufficient to ensure parties are being held responsible for their activities related to stated goals. Clear definitions of various governance structures, a cohesive approach to monitoring critical performance indicators and associated improvement strategies are important elements in operationalizing accountability and determining whether goals are being met. PMID:25305392

  11. How College Students Finance Their Education: A National Survey of the Educational Interests, Aspirations, and Finances of College Sophomores in 1969-70.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Haven, Elizabeth W.; Horch, Dwight H.

    The main purpose of this study was to examine how students and their families finance a year of postsecondary education. Included is a detailed accounting for the 1969-70 academic year of the resources and expenditures of unmarried full-time students, most of whom were college sophomores. Major emphasis was placed in the instutitional practice of…

  12. Educational Financing and Budgeting in Kyrgyzstan. Financial Management of Education Systems. Working Document.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rysalieva, Symbat Dj.; Ibraeva, Gulmira A.

    This book provides an indepth description and analysis of financial management and budgetary procedures for education in Kyrgyzstan. The case of this country is interesting for practitioners and researchers due to its policy of accelerated transition to a market economy, with associated hardships for educational finance and budgeting. Kyrgyzstan…

  13. What Does It Take to Be Successful in Accounting?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reha, Rose K.; Lu, Debbie

    1985-01-01

    A study of 427 univrsity accounting students was conducted to gain insight on student perceptions of career success factors and related data. Findings show that female students appear less confident than male students, and professionals in finance and accounting and students disagree significantly on the importance of various career success…

  14. Indiana's New and (Somewhat) Improved K-12 School Finance System. School Choice Issues in the State

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Aud, Susan L.

    2005-01-01

    Education finance policy has become an urgent concern in many state legislatures. Demands for greater equity and accountability have forced states to review, and in many cases to revise, the method by which schools are funded. This study sheds light on Indiana's financing of public K-12 education by providing a clear explanation of the components…

  15. Evaluating the Recession's Impact on State School Finance Systems

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Baker, Bruce D.

    2014-01-01

    The Great Recession's effect on state school finance systems was unlike previous downturns in the early 1990s and early 2000s in that it: a) involved a greater loss of taxable income in many states, thus greater loss to state general fund revenues, b) also involved a substantial collapse of housing markets and related reduction or at least…

  16. 25 CFR 170.300 - May tribes use flexible financing to finance IRR transportation projects?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false May tribes use flexible financing to finance IRR transportation projects? 170.300 Section 170.300 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR... Financing § 170.300 May tribes use flexible financing to finance IRR transportation projects? Yes. Tribes...

  17. Special Education: Financing Health and Educational Services for Handicapped Children.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-07-01

    ABBREVIATIONS GAO General Accounting Office HCFA Health Care Financing Administration HHS Department of Health and Human Services lN ICF/MR intermediate care facility for...individuals discharged from a skilled nursing facility or intermediate care facility to the extent that the services are available through a local education

  18. 31 CFR 542.203 - Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....506 regarding investment and reinvestment of certain funds. ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Holding of funds in interest-bearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. 542.203 Section 542.203 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

  19. Financial Accounting for Local and State School Systems, 1990.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fowler, William J., Jr.

    The purpose of this guidebook is to reflect the changes that have occurred since 1973 in governmental accounting and education finance. This document serves as a vehicle for program cost accounting at the local and intermediate levels. Although not required by federal law, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) encourages state and…

  20. Higher Education Finance Reform in the Czech Republic: Transitions in Thought and Practice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McMullen, Matthew S.

    2004-01-01

    Higher education in the Czech Republic is going through an important transition, both politically and economically. New methods of financing university operations are necessary during the transition to a market economy as government funds are increasingly being drawn to other areas. Government and academic officials have worked together in the…

  1. 31 CFR 598.506 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 598.506 Section 598.506 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 598...

  2. 31 CFR 598.506 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 598.506 Section 598.506 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 598...

  3. 31 CFR 598.506 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 598.506 Section 598.506 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 598...

  4. 31 CFR 598.506 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 598.506 Section 598.506 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 598...

  5. Mobility Management And Market Oriented Local Transportation

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1991-03-01

    THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION HAS SINCE THE EARLY 1970'S FOSTERED ATTEMPTS TO MAKE GREATER USE OF MARKET MECHANISMS IN ORGANIZING, FINANCING, AND DELIVERING -PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICES. UMTA'S MOST RECENT VENTURE IN THIS AREA OCCUR...

  6. FASB issues new accounting standards for business combinations.

    PubMed

    Heuer, Christian; Travers, Mary Ann K

    2010-06-01

    Accounting Standard Codification Topic 958 (formerly Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 164), Not-for-Profit Entities: Mergers and Acquisitions, applies to mergers and acquisitions as early as Jan. 1, 2010, for calendar-year entities. Not-for-profit organizations need to move to fair value accounting, with a focus on the valuation of intangible assets. Noncompliance could cause a hospital's auditors to issue a qualified report, which could lead to difficulties obtaining bank and bond financing.

  7. Public Education Finances, 2009

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    US Census Bureau, 2011

    2011-01-01

    The U.S. Census Bureau conducts a Census of Government Finances and an Annual Survey of Government Finances as authorized by law under Title 13, U.S. Code, Sections 161 and 182. The Census of Government Finances has been conducted every 5 years since 1957, while the Annual Survey of Government Finances has been conducted annually since 1977 in…

  8. Public Education Finances: 2010

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dixon, Mark

    2012-01-01

    The U.S. Census Bureau conducts a Census of Government Finances and an Annual Survey of Government Finances as authorized by law under Title 13, U.S. Code, Sections 161 and 182. The Census of Government Finances has been conducted every 5 years since 1957, while the Annual Survey of Government Finances has been conducted annually since 1977 in…

  9. An accountability evaluation for the industry's responsible use of brand mascots and licensed media characters to market a healthy diet to American children.

    PubMed

    Kraak, V I; Story, M

    2015-06-01

    Corporate strategies that target children are controversial given the link between food marketing and childhood obesity. This case study explored diverse stakeholders' accountability expectations and actions for industry policies and practices that used popular cartoon brand mascots and media characters to promote food products to American children. We reviewed five electronic databases and Internet sources between January 2000 and January 2015. Evidence (n = 90) was selected based upon the Institute of Medicine's LEAD principles (i.e. locate, evaluate, assemble evidence to inform decisions) and organized into two tables: peer-reviewed articles, books and grey-literature reports (n = 34); and media stories, news releases and public testimony (n = 56). A four-step accountability framework was used to evaluate accountability structures. The results showed that moderate progress was achieved by stakeholders to take and share the account, limited progress to hold industry and government to account, and limited progress to strengthen accountability structures. Between 2006 and 2015, the U.S. Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative lacked clear policies for companies to use brand mascots and media characters on food packages, in merchandising, and as toy giveaways and premiums. Government, industry and civil society can substantially strengthen their accountability for these food marketing practices to ensure healthy food environments for children. © 2015 World Obesity.

  10. Essentials of finance for occupational physicians.

    PubMed

    Miller, K; Fallon, L F

    2001-01-01

    Comprehending the principles of finance is paramount to understanding the way an organization chooses to generate and use its financial resources. Financial principles may be employed in the same way a physician reviews fundamental systems to gauge a person s health. Just as basic anatomical and physiological components are used to assess the health of an individual, basic financial elements exist to ascertain the health of an organization. This chapter explains risk assessment, accounts receivable management, inventory, depreciation, capital formation, ratio analysis, and more.

  11. 11 CFR 102.5 - Organizations financing political activity in connection with Federal and non-Federal elections...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...: Accounts and accounting. 102.5 Section 102.5 Federal Elections FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION GENERAL... connection with non-Federal elections. Administrative expenses for State, district, and local party... 11 Federal Elections 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Organizations financing political activity in...

  12. Educational Finance. Briefing Paper: Texas Public School Finance and Related Issues.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clark, Catherine P.; England, Claire

    This document explores various issues that affect Texas public school finance. It opens with an overview of the Texas public school system, which comprises 1,043 independent school districts, with an average of 6.4 campuses per district. The federal role in financing schools is examined, along with education finance and the state budget. Four…

  13. 31 CFR 510.505 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 510.505 Section 510.505 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 510.505 Entries in...

  14. 31 CFR 510.505 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 510.505 Section 510.505 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 510.505 Entries in...

  15. 31 CFR 510.505 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 510.505 Section 510.505 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 510.505 Entries in...

  16. Market assessment of photovoltaic power systems for agricultural applications in the Philippines

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cabraal, R. A.; Delasanta, D.; Burrill, G.

    1981-01-01

    The market potential in the Philippines for stand alone photovoltaic (P/V) systems in agriculture was assessed. Applications include: irrigation, postharvest operation, food and fiber processing and storage, and livestock and fisheries operations. Power and energy use profiles for many applications as well as assessments of business, government and financial climate for P/V sales are described. Many characteristics of the Philippine agriculture and energy sector favorably influence the use of P/V systems. However, serious and significant barriers prevent achieving the technically feasible, cost competitive market for P/V systems in the agricultural sector. The reason for the small market is the limited availability capital for financing P/V systems. It is suggested that innovative financing schemes and promotional campaigns should be devised.

  17. Market assessment of photovoltaic power systems for agricultural applications in the Philippines

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cabraal, R. A.; Delasanta, D.; Burrill, G.

    1981-04-01

    The market potential in the Philippines for stand alone photovoltaic (P/V) systems in agriculture was assessed. Applications include: irrigation, postharvest operation, food and fiber processing and storage, and livestock and fisheries operations. Power and energy use profiles for many applications as well as assessments of business, government and financial climate for P/V sales are described. Many characteristics of the Philippine agriculture and energy sector favorably influence the use of P/V systems. However, serious and significant barriers prevent achieving the technically feasible, cost competitive market for P/V systems in the agricultural sector. The reason for the small market is the limited availability capital for financing P/V systems. It is suggested that innovative financing schemes and promotional campaigns should be devised.

  18. Report of the Joint Accounting Group.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, Boulder, CO. National Center for Higher Education Management Systems.

    The Joint Accounting Group (JAG) has as its primary goal to develop a capability to provide uniform transactional finance data at the institutional level. Such data should effectively meet the needs of public reporting, institutional financial management, and program planning. The group believes that the attainment of this goal requires uniformly…

  19. The costs and financing of perinatal care in the United States.

    PubMed Central

    Long, S H; Marquis, M S; Harrison, E R

    1994-01-01

    OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to estimate the aggregate annual costs of maternal and infant health care and to describe the flow of funds that finance that care. METHODS. Estimates of costs and financing based on household and provider surveys, third-party claims data, and hospital discharge data were combined into a single, best estimate. RESULTS. The total cost of perinatal care in 1989 was $27.8 billion, or $6850 per mother-infant pair. Payments made directly by patients or third parties for this care totaled $25.4 billion, or about 7% of personal health care spending by the nonaged population. Payments were less than costs because they did not include a value for direct delivery care or for bad debt and charity care, which accounted for $2.4 billion. Private insurance accounted for about 63% of total payments, and Medicaid accounted for 17% of the total. CONCLUSIONS. National health reform would provide windfall receipts to hospitals, which would receive payment for the considerable bad debt and charity care they provide. Reform might also provide short-term gains to providers as private payment rates are substituted for those of Medicaid. PMID:8092374

  20. The dynamic interdependence of international financial markets: An empirical study on twenty-seven stock markets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Xingwei; Zheng, Xiaolong; Zeng, Daniel Dajun

    2017-04-01

    In this paper, we aim to investigate the dynamic interdependence of international financial markets. Based on the data regarding daily returns of each market during the period 2006-2015 from Yahoo finance, we mainly focus on examining 27 markets from three continents, including Asia, America and Europe. By checking the dynamic interdependence between those markets, we find that markets from different continents have strong correlation at specific time shift. We also obtain that markets from different continents not only have a strong linkage with others at same day, but at a delay of one day, especially between Asia, Europe and Asia, America. In addition, we further analyze the time-varying influence strength between each two continents and observe that this value has abnormal changes during the financial crisis. These findings can provide us significant insights to understand the underlying dynamic interdependency of international financial markets and further help us make corresponding reasonable decisions.