This article reviews the involvement of the AAPM in various aspects of radiation dosimetry over its 50 year history, emphasizing the especially important role that external beam dosimetry played in the early formation of the organization. Topics covered include the AAPM's involvement with external beam and x-ray dosimetry ...

...protocols accepted by nationally recognized bodies; or by a calibration laboratory accredited by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). The calibration must have been performed within the previous 2 years and after any servicing that...

The program contained in this Handbook provides a significant advance in the field of radiation protection through a structured means for assuring the quality of personnel dosimetry performance. Since personnel dosimetry performance is directly related to the assurance of worker safety, it has been of key interest to the Department of Energy. Studies ...

The document explains the operation and technical requirements of the Laboratory Accreditation Program for Personnel Radiation Dosimetry. All of the steps leading to accreditation are discussed. Technical requirements are explained indicating how the NVLAP criteria are applied. It is intended for use by staff of ...

Radiation protection for radiation workers, the public, and the environment is of international concern. The use of thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLD) is an acceptable method for dose recording in most countries. For reasons of consistency and data gathering (research) it is important that a Sievert (Sv) in one part of the world equals an Sv on the other side of the globe. To this end, much work ...

A bilateral comparison of national dosimetric standards for high dose rate brachytherapy has been conducted between the Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel and the University of Wisconsin Accredited Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory. A complete overview of the methods that are currently in use to establish the two national standards is ...

The assurance of worker radiation safety is directly related to the performance of personnel dosimetry. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has long recognized this critical relationship and has addressed this issue by instituting the DOE Laboratory Accreditation Program (DOELAP) which strives to improve the quality of personnel ...

Since the NIST dose to water standard for 90Sr/90Y ophthalmic applicators was introduced, numerous sources have undergone calibration either at NIST or at the University of Wisconsin Accredited Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory (UWADCL). From 1997 to 2008, 222 of these beta-emitting sources were ...

The US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Safety has developed and initiated the DOE Laboratory Accreditation Program (DOELAP) for personnel dosimetry systems to assure and improve the quality of personnel dosimetry at DOE and DOE contractor fac...

Currently, there is a great deal of discussion among industry and government agencies about ISO 9000 accreditation. U.S. manufacturers with ISO 9000 accreditation are regarded more favorably by European countries. The principles behind the ISO 9000 accreditation are based on the Total Quality Management (TQM) principles that are being ...

This workshop was held to review the status of secondary level calibration accreditation programs, review related measurement accreditation programs, document lessons learned, and to present changes in programs due to new national priorities involving radioactivity measurements. Contents include: fundamentals of measurement quality ...

The concept of measurement quality assurance (MQA) as embodied in National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) programs is not generally used within European programs for testing or accreditation. Although the essential elements of quality control and quality assurance are in the European programs, the concept of testing the capability of the laboratory itself, in ...

Ionization chambers used for reference dosimetry require a local secondary standard ionization chamber with a 60Co absorbed dose to water calibration coefficient N(D,W)(60Co) traceable to a national primary standards dosimetry laboratory or an accredited secondary dosimetry ...

The report discusses neutron detection with respect to dosimetry and compares different thermoluminescent dosimetry materials for neutron dosimetry. Construction and calibration of a thermoluminescence albedo neutron dosemeter, developed by the authors, i...

Calibration of a High-Dose-Rate 1000 Plus ionisation chamber and associated electrometer for the determination of reference air kerma rate for 125I brachytherapy seeds has been developed. Traceability was established from ionisation chamber measurements of an Amersham model 6711 125I seed for which a primary standard measurement of reference air kerma rate has been made by the ...

In Brazil there are over 100 high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy facilities using well-type chambers for the determination of the air kerma rate of 192Ir sources. This paper presents the methodology developed and extensively tested by the Laboratorio de Ciencias Radiologicas (LCR) and presently in use to calibrate those types of chambers. The system was initially used to ...

The Life Sciences Division (LSD) of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has a long record of radiation dosimetry research, primarily using the Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR) and the Radiation Calibration Laboratory (RADCAL) in its Dosimetry Applications Research (DOSAR) Program. These facilities have been used by a broad ...

This work reports the transfer of the primary standard for air kerma from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to the secondary laboratories accredited by the American Association of Physics in Medicine (AAPM). This transfer, performed in August of 2003, was motivated by the recent revision of the NIST air-kerma standards for {sup 60}Co gamma-ray beams ...

The International Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements (ICRU) has defined several new operational quantities for radiation protection purposes. The quantities to be used for personal monitoring are defined at depths in the human body. Because these quantities are impossible to measure directly, the ICRU has recommended that personal dosemeters should be calibrated ...

This edited transcript of a presentation on personnel neutron discusses the accuracy of present dosimetry practices, requirements, calibration, dosemeter types, quality factors, operational problems, and dosimetry for a criticality accident. 32 figs. (ACR)

The most important concepts and development in individual neutron dosimetry are presented, especially the dosimetric properties of the albedo technique. The main problem in albedo dosimetry is to calibrate the dosemeter in the environs of each neutron sou...

Calorimeters used in absolute dosimetry of radioisotopes, for radium standards calibration, and in reactor dosimetry are briefly described. The method of using calorimeters and the results achieved in this field are reported. (auth)

In this paper, an assessor for the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program describes the on-site assessment portion of the accreditation process for personnel dosimetry processors. The role of assessments, assessment criteria and checklists, pre-visit preparation, assessor activities on-site, and recurring problems are ...

The Calibration Laboratories Accreditation Program was developed by the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a result of interest from private industry and at the reque...

This technical standard describes the US Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program (DOELAP), organizational responsibilities, and the accreditation process. DOELAP evaluates and accredits personnel dosimetry and radiobioassay programs used for worker monitoring and protection at DOE and DOE contractor ...

The increased utilization of x-ray imaging in image-guided radiotherapy has dramatically improved the radiation treatment and the lives of cancer patients. Daily imaging procedures, such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), for patient setup may significantly increase the dose to the patient's normal tissues. This study investigates the dosimetry from a kilovoltage (kV) ...

The increased utilization of x-ray imaging in image-guided radiotherapy has dramatically improved the radiation treatment and the lives of cancer patients. Daily imaging procedures, such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), for patient setup may significantly increase the dose to the patient's normal tissues. This study investigates the dosimetry from a ...

... Title : Calibration, Quality Assurance, and Maintenance Program for Dosimetry Equipment and Selected Radiation Sources at AFRRI. Revision. ...

... Accession Number : ADA019306. Title : A Portable Calorimetry System for Calibration of Nuclear Weapon Simulator Dosimetry. ...

The current state-of-the-art in neutron personnel dosimetry is reviewed. Topics covered include dosimetry needs and alternatives, current dosimetry approaches, personnel monitoring devices, calibration strategies, and future developments. (ACR)

The purpose of this handbook is to amplify the general requirements for accreditation by NVLAP of calibration laboratories in the area of electromagnetic dc/low frequency measurements covered by the Calibration Laboratories Program. It complements and sup...

The purpose of this handbook is to amplify the general requirements for accreditation by NVLAP of calibration laboratories in the area of electromagnetic dc/low frequency measurements covered by the Calibration Laboratories Program. It complements and sup...

The purpose of this handbook is to amplify the general requirements for accreditation by NVLAP of calibration laboratories in the area of electromagnetic dc/low frequency measurements covered by the Calibration Laboratories Program. It complements and sup...

The purpose of this handbook is to amplify the general requirements for accreditation by NVLAP of calibration laboratories in the area of electromagnetic dc/low frequency measurements covered by the Calibration Laboratories Program. It complements and sup...

To provide an opportunity for dosimetrists to test and calibrate their neutron personnel monitoring systems, the staff of the Dosimetry Applications Research Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has conducted personnel dosimetry intercomparison studies (PDIS) periodically since 1974. During these studies, neutron ...

For Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, compliance with DOE Order 5480.11 became a requirement in January 1989. One of the requirements of this Order is that personal external dosimetry programs be accredited under the Department of Energy's Laboratory...

Accreditation by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) and the American College of Radiology (ACR) requires the monitoring of patient doses resulting from diagnostic x-ray procedures. The intent of these standards is t...

Jul 1, 2011 ... Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' - Dosimetry ... will start the automatic set-up/calibration procedure and the Dosi session. At the end ...

To ensure that the external personnel dosimetry program conducted by U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) contractors is of the highest quality, the DOE established the Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program or DOELAP. The contractor`s dosimetry program is assessed against the criteria set forth for dosimeter performance and ...

2010 International Pyrheliometer Comparisons, IPC-XI Conference presentation titled: Uncertainty in Pyranometer and Pyrheliometer Calibrations Using GUM for NREL's ISO-17025 Accreditation Effort.

.......................................................................................15 5.9 Assuring the quality of test and calibration resultsNIST HANDBOOK 150-11 2007 Edition National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program and calibration within the scope of accreditation. NVLAP reserves the right to ...

The Health Physics Society (HPS) in conjunction with the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) recently established a program for the accreditation of laboratories involved in the calibration of portable health physics instruments. The program goal is to ext...

Some typical calorimeters used in absolute dosimetry of natural and artificial radioisotopes, for radium standards calibration, and in reactor dosimetry are briefly described. The methods for using the calorimeters and the results obtained are reported. (auth)

The accreditation of the Competent Incorporation Measuring Body at J�lich includes incorporation monitoring by means of direct measurements of the body activity as well as by means of indirect determination of the body activity by radiochemical analysis of excreta samples. In both testing areas, it proved to be very useful to have a flexible scope. In particular, the ...

The Life Sciences Division (LSD) of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has a long record of radiation dosimetry research, primarily using the Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR) and the Radiation Calibration Laboratory (RADCAL) in its Dosimetry Appli...

Abstracts are given of the total of 137 papers presented at the symposium. The papers discussed radiation dosimetry methods, dosemeters and detectors, the metrology and calibration of radiation sources, calibration standards, and radioactivity monitoring....

This guide describes minimum acceptable performance levels for personnel dosimetry systems used at Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. The goal is to improve both the quality of radiological calibrations and the methods of comparing reported occupation...

During calendar year (CY) 1999, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) performed its customary radiological protection support services in support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Richland Operations Office (RL) and the Hanford contractors. These services included: (1) external dosimetry, (2) internal dosimetry, (3) in vivo measurements, ...

Since 1965, the Dosimetry Applications Research Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has conducted periodic intercomparison and testing programs in neutron and gamma personnel dosimetry and criticality accident dosimetry. Recently, courses in these areas and criticality alarm testing also have been offered to provide additional ...

The Hart Scientific Division of the Fluke Corporation operates two accredited standard platinum resistance thermometer (SPRT) calibration facilities, one at the Hart Scientific factory in Utah, USA, and the other at a service facility in Norwich, UK. The US facility is accredited through National Voluntary Laboratory ...

The Health Physics Society (HPS) in conjunction with the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) recently established a program for the accreditation of laboratories involved in the calibration of portable health physics instruments. The program goal is to extend to as many field-use instruments as practical, calibration that is consistent ...

The International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) Guide 25, 'General requirements for the competence of calibration and testing laboratories,' has been used by many laboratory accreditation programs wor...

Accreditation can offer many benefits to a testing or calibration laboratory, including increased marketability of services, reduced number of outside assessments, and improved quality of services. Compared to ISO 9000 registration, the accreditation process includes a review of the entire quality system, but in addition a review of ...

this document. The approaches taken are not mandatory and are for the guidance of accreditation bodies and their client laboratories. Nevertheless, the document has been produced as a means of promoting a consistent approach to laboratory accreditation amongst EAL member bodies, particularly those participating in the EAL Multilateral Agreement.

The US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Safety has developed and initiated the DOE Laboratory Accreditation Program (DOELAP) for personnel dosimetry systems to assure and improve the quality of personnel dosimetry at DOE and DOE contractor facilities. It consists of a performance evaluation program that measures current ...

The National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) is underway and many processors are becoming accredited. The NVLAP tests are not particularly difficult and there is a low failure rate. It seems relatively certain that NVLAP will continue for legal reasons even if the NRC does not issue rules requiring licensees to participate in the ...

The calibration in a water phantom is realised at the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory in Norway. The method is valid for chambers used in high energy radiation therapy. The method, setup and corrections in the calibration are described. The absorb...

The application of Bayesian methods to calibration for external dosimetry and to compartmental analysis for internal radiation dosimetry is discussed. The calibrative density for chromosome aberration data with imprecise radiation doses was derived to describe the uncertainty of the neutron dose received by an ...

This article summarizes the status of the relevant standards and current regulatory issues for use of physical dosimetry devices for the occupational worker in the United States. Included is a summary of relevant standards from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the American National Standards ...

The Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is the testing laboratory for the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) for personnel radiation dosimeters. The Center for Radiation Research (CRR) has an agreement with NVLAP to monitor the lab...

To ensure that the external personnel dosimetry program conducted by U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) contractors is of the highest quality, the DOE established the Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program or DOELAP. The contractor's dosimetr...

Characteristics of various sources of pulsed radiation are examined from the viewpoint of their importance to the radiation chemist, and some examples of uses of such sources are mentioned. A summary is given of the application of methods of physical dosimetry to pulsed sources, and the calibration of convenient chemical dosimeters by physical ...

Proton and alpha particle response characteristics of CR-39 polymer for reactor and dosimetry applications have been investigated. The investigation included measurement of track etch rate as a function of proton and alpha particle energy. A calibration c...

Studies personnel beta-ray dosimetry using the lithium fluoride thermoluminescent - 700 dosimeters. The calibration of two sets of of dosimeters of thickness 0.38 mm and 0.9 mm was carried out by three different methods, namely, immersion technique using ...

A survey is given on the photographic dosimetry of Z, gamma and limitations of the method. Mention is given to calibration, to the causes of errors, and to the proceedings by which an acceptable response for the personnel security can be obtained. (auth)

The Dosimetry Applications Research (DOSAR) group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has established a national and international program for dosimetry testing and intercomparison. Under this program there have been twenty-two nuclear accident dosimeter int...

The neutron dosimetry system incorporated in the NTS personnel dosimeter and the method of using it for nuclear accident dosimetry (NAD) are described. Details of the calibration procedure are given. Some useful cross sections and other detailed data are tabulated. (auth)

The thesis presents criteria for thermoluminescence dosimetry systems suitable for precision measurements and, moreover, a detailed examination of the sources of systematic and random error. Instructions are given for annealing processes, calibration proc...

This document was developed with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) subcommittee E10.01 on Dosimetry for Radiation Processing. The version that is published as an ASTM standard is designed as E1400 with the latest version to appear in 1...

This progress report covers dosimetry work at the Climax Spent Fuel Test Facility up to September 1981. During this time the gamma calibrations were completed, the temperature-induced fading study was completed, the first set of exposed dosimeters was ret...

Results are reported on the calibration of the 3.5 kilocurie cobalt 60 irradiation source recently installed at USAEL, using ferrous sulfate chemical dosimetry. (Author)

Recent progress has been made in the development of devices and techniques for the measurement and calibration of neutron personal dosimeters. The quantities and units used to express neutron dose equivalents are being improved and clarified. Therefore, it is expected that a number of remaining difficulties with neutron dosimetry will be mitigated.

In Brazil, the radionuclides used for therapy are: 131I, 153Sm, 90Y and 177Lu, both for routine or research protocols. The radionuclide activity excreted by patients may be quantified by bioassay analysis and constitutes a powerful tool for individual treatment planning. The Bioassay Laboratory (LBIOVT) of the Institute of Radiation Protection and Dosimetry (IRD) has ...

...the calibration, intercomparison, and comparisons of its dosimetry equipment done in accordance...each calibration, intercomparison, or comparison, the record must include� (1...was determined from the calibration or comparison or the apparent correction factor...

This technical standard describes the US Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program (DOELAP) for Radiobioassay, for use by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and DOE Contractor radiobioassay programs. This standard is intended to be used in conjunction with the general administrative technical standard that describes the overall DOELAP ...

This report examines alleged and documented deficiencies in the performance and the calibration of existing portable radiation survey instruments. This report also examines a limited number of reported overexposures and excessive exposures attributed to instrumentation or calibration problems. The high failure rates in performance testing of a limited ...

The Hanford External Dosimetry Program is operated by Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the US Department of Energy (DOE). The program records official external occupational radiation doses for all Hanford Site employees and visitors in compliance with DOE Order requirements. This report documents the quality control (QC) program for External Dosimetry`s ...

... 6 f) $3/WG43 Method for Calibration of Bone Conduction Vibrator - D. Dirks, Chair .. ... CHAIR (f) S3/WG43 Method for Calibration of Bone Conduction ...

... 6 fV S3/V1G43 Method for Calibration of Bone Conduction Vibrator - D. Dirks, C hair..... ... AI (f) S31WG43 Method for Calibration of Bone Conduction ...

...use measurements provided by the source manufacturer or by a calibration laboratory accredited by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine that are made in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section. (c) A licensee shall mathematically...

... from source, photons/sec NDC Naval Dosimetry Center P ... temperature coefficient, K TEC Thermoelectric cooler TLD Thermoluminescent Dosimeter ...

development, neutron source calibrations, detection of concealed nuclear materials, radiation protection, and nuclear and particle physics data. Programs/Projects Magnetically...

Calibration of the flash X-ray dose was done in situ with CaF2 total luminescent dosimetry with traceability. ? Threshold dose rates were established for ...

Apr 21, 2011... of particle LET and change in LET with range were sufficient, along with calibration data, to determine particle atomic number. Results: ...

... dosimeters for X rays in the 1�50 MeV range be calibrated in terms of absorbed dose to ... ...

The data obtained from these tests determine the dose rate of the two cobalt sources in SRTC. This testing used chemical dosimetry to measure the dose rate of a radioactive source.

Liulin, a dosimetry-radiometry system, was developed to satisfy the requirements for active flux and

The Farmer Dosemeters of Atomic Energy Medical Centre (AEMC) Jamshoro were calibrated in the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) at PINSTECH, using the NPL Secondary Standard Therapy level X-ray exposure meter. The results are presented in this...

Three aspects of a quality assurance program for neutron fluence measurements as implemented by the Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratories are discussed. These elements are calibrations, routine checks of system performance, and in...

This paper describes the calibration methodology for measuring the total alpha activity of plane and thin sources with the Alpha Spectrometer for Silicon Detector in the Nuclear Measures and Dosimetry laboratory at IEAv/CTA. (author). (Atomindex citation ...

The BD-100R bubble dosimeters as calibrated at LANL are significantly more sensitive than the manufacturer has reported, due to differences in calibration conditions. However, the dosimeters are a useful tool in measuring neutron dose over a wide range of...

Proton and alpha particle response characteristics of CR-39 polymer for reactor and dosimetry applications have been investigated. The investigation included measurement of track etch rate as a function of proton and alpha particle energy. A calibration curve of track diameter versus proton energy is presented. The promising capabilities for reactor proton ...

A nationwide survey in 1995 among Personal Dosimetry Services, authorized by the Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (CSN), has led the Spanish Dosimetry Laboratories to review and update the dosimetric conversion coefficients and correction factors in use in ...

An aluminum threshold dosimetry technique has been adopted to measure neutron fluences at the Fort Hancock 14-MeV neutron source operated by the ECOM Nuclear Radiation Facility. A procedure is outlined for those wishing to measure dose delivered to irradiated samples. A description of the source (including its calibration) is provided, as is a theoretical ...

An aluminum threshold dosimetry technique has been adopted to measure neutron fluences at the Fort Hancock 14-MeV neutron source operated by the ECOM Nuclear Radiation Facility. A procedure is outlined for those wishing to measure dose delivered to irradiated samples. A description of the source (including its calibration) is provided, as is a theoretical ...

This document has been produced by EAL to improve the harmonisation in pressure measurement. It provides guidance to national accreditation bodies to set up minimum requirements for the calibration of pressure balances and gives advice to calibration laboratories to establish practical procedures. The document contains a detailed ...

The two-component albedo dosemeter in use consists of an universal boron-loaded plastic encapsulation, the beta and albedo neutron windows of which are adopted to the corresponding TLD system of the manufacturers Alnor, Harshaw, Panasonic and Vinten. Besi...

The properties of a commercial extrapolation chamber were studied, and the possibility is shown of its use in beta radiation dosimetry. The chamber calibration factors were determined for several sources ( exp 90 Sr, exp 90 Y- exp 204 Tl and exp 147 Pm) m...

A measuring system for the calibration of electrometers and capacities for ionization dosimetry is described. The measurement range covers 0.05 nC to 500 nC for charge measurements and 100 pG to 10 microF for capacity measurements. The uncertainty is 0.1%...

The accuracy and utility of the dosimetry system used for radiation effects research with high energy protons at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, IUCF, has been confirmed by comparison with an independently calibrated Markus ion chamber, a Schulz water calorimeter and GAFCHROMIC{trademark} films.

The dose of radiation is a central issue in radiotherapy. Hence dosimetry must be well understood for anyone working in this field. In this chapter theoretical aspects as well as practical aspects of the dosimetry of high energy photons and electrons are addressed. The practical aspects are exclusively dedicated to the determination of absorbed dose to ...

This paper reports on a mail survey that was conducted in September 1983 to determine the status of external personnel gamma and neutron radiation dosimetry programs in the United States. A total of 102 agencies participated in the survey including military, regulatory, university, hospital, laboratory, and utility facilities. Information obtained by the survey on basic ...

We report Alanine Dosimeter preparation, procedures for using the ESR/Dosimetry method, and the resulting calibration curve for gamma-irradiation in the range from 10-30 Gy. We use calibration curve to measure the irradiation dose in gamma-irradiation of human blood, as required in Blood Transfusion Therapy. The ESR/Alanine results are ...

At the Krsko Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), albedo dosimeters are used for personal neutron dosimetry. Spectrometric measurements allow determination of reference dosimetric values of realistic neutron fields to be used for calibration of albedo dosimeters. The Laboratory for Neutron Metrology and Dosimetry from the Institute for ...

The Hanford External Dosimetry Program is operated by Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the US Department of Energy (DOE). The program records official external occupational radiation doses for all Hanford Site employees and visitors in compliance with DOE Order requirements. This report documents the quality control (QC) program for External ...

Applications of charged particle track amplification in polycarbonate foils by electrochemical etching for fast neutron and alpha particle dosimetry are described. The first results are reported in the effort to use these foils to determine the microdosimetry of /sup 239/Pu in bone. The initial work has been involved with calibrating this dosimeter for ...

The calibrations laboratory at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) serves as a radiological standardization facility for personnel and environmental dosimetry and radiological survey instruments. As part of this function, the calibrations laboratory must maintain radiological reference fields with calibrations ...

In this work, the care and testing of measurement and diagnostic instruments are described in detail. Difficulties encountered with therapeutic and diagnostic calibrations are explored and solutions are suggested. Volume I: Measurement of exposure and calibration of ion Chambers. Radiation Detectors in Radiotherapy. The Assay of Beta and Gamma Sources in ...

The basis for personal dosimetry performance testing in the United States is ANSI/HPS N13.11 (2001). Now in its third edition, this standard has been in place since 1983. Testing under this standard is administered by the National Voluntary Accreditation Program (NVLAP), and accreditation of dosimetry processors ...

Pacific Northwest laboratory (PNL) conducted an intercomparison study of the Fission Product phantom and the bottle manikin absorption (BOMAB) phantom for the US Department of Energy (DOE) to determine the consistency of calibration response of the two phantoms and their suitability for certification and use under a planned bioassay laboratory ...

The role of the standards laboratory in the medical use of brachytherapy (interstitial) sources is to provide access to the International Measurement System by providing calibration against verified national dosimetry standards. It is proposed that in the United States clinical brachytherapy sources shall be calibrated by comparison ...

The Life Sciences Division (LSD) of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has a long record of radiation dosimetry research, primarily using the Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR) and the Dosimetry Applications Research (DOSAR) Program Calibration Laboratory (CalLab), referred to formerly as the Radiation ...

The establishment of traceability is an essential component of laboratory accreditation for calibration laboratories accredited by the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP). Traceability requires that an unbroken chain of comparisons to national standards with stated and documented ...

No general agreement about the definition of the patient dose exists. As regards the radiation health risk, the doses to specific organs, Hi, are the ultimate measures for a patient dose. Values of the calibration measured, Hi, are provided only by calculational means. Out of the whole process of patient dose determination, the instruments to measure X ray spectra, FSD, field ...

The care and testing of measurement and diagnostic instruments are described in detail. Difficulties encountered with therapeutic and diagnostic calibrations are explored and solutions are suggested. Volume I: Measurement of exposure and calibration of ion chambers. Radiation detectors in radiotherapy. The assay of beta and gamma sources in medicine and ...

The Istituo Elettrotecnico Nazionale (IEN) is one of the Italian primary institutes which is responsible for the accreditation of secondary laboratories belong to the national calibration system (SNT) established by law in 1991. The Times and Frequency De...

AVIDOS is a computer code used for the dose assessment of aircraft crew exposed to cosmic radiation. The code employs a multiparameter model built upon simulations of cosmic radiation exposure done using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. AVIDOS calculates both ambient dose equivalent H*(10) and effective dose E for flight routes over the whole world at typically used altitudes and for the full range of ...

The work package two of the ORAMED project--Collaborative Project (2008-2011) supported by the European Commission within its seventh Framework Programme--is devoted to the study of the eye lens dosimetry. A first approach is to implement the use of H(p)(3) by providing new sets of conversion coefficients and well suited calibration and type test ...

This guide describes minimum acceptable performance levels for personnel dosimetry systems used at Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. The goal is to improve both the quality of radiological calibrations and the methods of comparing reported occupational doses between DOE facilities. Reference calibration techniques are defined. A ...

Neutron activation rates are calculated from measured gamma-ray spectral data obtained from calibrated lithium drifted germanium (Ge(Li)) detectors. The calibration techniques, which include energy, efficiency, pulse height analyzer data reduction, and geometry factors, are discussed. Problems encountered when analyzing highly radioactive samples, ...

The Romanian government established in the last five years a National Program for the improvement of country's infrastructure of metrology. The set goal was to develop and accredit testing and calibration laboratories, as well as certification bodies, according to the ISO 17025:2005 norm. Our Institute benefited from this policy, and developed a ...

The Hanford External Dosimetry Technical Basis Manual PNL-MA-842 documents the design and implementation of the external dosimetry system used at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford site. The manual describes the dosimeter design, processing protocols, dose calculation methodology, radiation fields encountered, dosimeter response characteristics, ...

The Hanford External Dosimetry Technical Basis Manual PNL-MA-842 documents the design and implementation of the external dosimetry system used at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford site. The manual describes the dosimeter design, processing protocols, dose calculation methodology, radiation fields encountered, dosimeter response characteristics, ...

A device for the calibration of films exposed to gamma radiation from a source of 20 mg of radium is described, which protects the operater from the direct radiation of the source. Pants of the films are covered with filters of cadmium, tin or aluminum 1 mm thick. Correction facters are given to establish the usual calibration curves. It was ...

Martin Marietta Energy Systems will soon be issuing new personnel dosimeters at four of their five Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, The Piketon, Ohio uranium enrichment facility is not included in this dosimetry upgrade program. This talk will focus on the ORNL perspective of this program, especially the new beta-gamma dosimeter. Neutron dosimetry ...

This report discusses two aspects of the neutron dosimetry program at the United States National Bureau of Standards (NBS), namely the plans and progress towards establishing dosimetry standards for neutron radiation therapy, and an investigation of the neutron and gamma-ray tissue kerma rates from a /sup 252/Cf source. Neutron radiation therapy is being ...

The Coupled Fast Reactivity Measurements Facility (CFRMF) has been used for several years in fast neutron dosimetry studies. These studies have included the neutron energy spectrum, dosimetry cross-sections, fission product yields, dosimeter calibration and testing, fission rate measurements, detector calibrations, ...

An alternative calibration procedure for the Gas Chromatography-Combustion-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) measurements of the World Antidoping Agency (WADA) Accredited Laboratories is presented. To alleviate the need for externally calibrated CO(2) gas for GC-C-IRMS analysis of urinary steroid metabolites, ...

The Hanford Environmental Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Program has been in operation for 30 years. The program's main goal is to report ambient penetrating radiation levels at specified locations on the Hanford Site and at nearby and distant communities. Dosimeter processing, dose calculation, and dose-reporting functions are provided by the Instrumentation and ...

The Hanford Environmental Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Program has been in operation for 30 years. The program`s main goal is to report ambient penetrating radiation levels at specified locations on the Hanford Site and at nearby and distant communities. Dosimeter processing, dose calculation, and dose-reporting functions are provided by the Instrumentation and External ...

An overview of the international framework that supports the dissemination of the dosimetry quantities for ionizing radiation is presented. The aim of international traceability is for confidence in such measurements around the world, which is particularly important for the equivalence of patient treatment regimes as required in international clinical trials for radiotherapy ...

Dosimetry measurements and calibrations have been made at the University of Washington's Fast Neutron Medical Research Facility. The facility is designed to deliver localized neutron doses of a few rads to the testes of volunteer subjects at 2.5 MeV and 14 MeV. Dose measurements were based on the use of tissue equivalent ion chambers. ...

This report contains the recommendations of the Electron Dosimetry Working Party of the UK Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM). The recommendations consist of a code of practice for electron dosimetry for radiotherapy beams of initial energy from 4 to 25 MeV. The code is based on the absorbed dose to water ...

The Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is the testing laboratory for the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) for personnel radiation dosimeters. The Center for Radiation Research (CRR) has an agreement with NVLAP to monitor the laboratory to ensure that their reference radiation fields are known with sufficient accuracy. The report describes the ...

This Letter reports on the effectiveness of radiachromic nylon films for soft X-ray dosimetry at high radiation doses. The results indicate that the film is not energy-sensitive but does have a dose range. Application of the results to the calibration of the LBL soft X-ray contact microscopy station are discussed.

This report provides guidance on the characteristics, use, and calibration criteria for personnel neutron dosimeters. The report is applicable for neutrons with energies ranging from thermal to less than 20 MeV. Background for general neutron dosimetry re...

Thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) is widely used to measure levels of X and gamma radiation in the environs of NRC-licensed nuclear facilities. The guide provides minimum acceptable performance criteria for TLD systems used for this purpose. It also provides procedures for calibration, field application, and reporting.

Neutron dose rates at several angular locations and at distances out to 0.5 mile have been measured during critical operation of the Little Boy replica. We used modified remmetes and thermoluminescent dosimetry techniques for the measurements. The present status of our analysis is presented including estimates of the neutron-dose-relaxation length in air and the variation of ...

The Radiation Interactions and Dosimetry Group of the Ionizing Radiation Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) maintains the U.S. national standards for photon and electron ionizing radiation measurements. These standards and their associated reference radiation fields are discussed in this paper. In addition, NIST services for instrument and ...

In support of neutron dosimetry needs at Union Electric's Callaway nuclear plant, an intercomparison of a variety of neutron detection systems was performed. Eight different neutron detection systems were tested in four different neutron fields, utilizing facilities at the Missouri University research reactor (MURR) and the Southwest Radiation ...

Commercial and speeral glass samples are used for high dose dosimetry in gamma rays of a 110 kG cobalt-60 irradiation facility. The correlation between absorbed doses and optical desities of the sample was studied. Calibration curves were obtained by usin...

The report describes the 2001 activities associated with the External Dosimetry Program, Internal Dosimetry Program, In Vivo Monitoring Program, Hanford Radiation Records Program, Instrumentation and Technology Program and the Radiation Standards and Calibrations Program. The programs are managed by the Pacific Northwest National ...

Radiation protection services performed routinely by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy Richland Operations Office and Hanford Site contractors are summarized in this annual report for 1999. It addresses services and special studies or investigations provided by the primary projects managed under the Radiation and Health Technology group, including external ...

Much of the Commission's work on clinical dosimetry is brought together in this Handbook. Included is an extensive discussion of practical calibration procedures and the determination of dose along the central ray. Depth dose data relative to stationary and moving-field therapy have been extended as have the conversion data necessary to relate ...

The thirteenth Personnel Dosimetry Intercomparison Study (i.e., PDIS 13) was conducted during April 1987 as a joint effort by Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) Dosimetry Applications Research Group and the Southwest Radiation Calibration Center at th...

New codes of practice for reference dosimetry in clinical high-energy photon and electron beams have been published recently, to replace the air kerma based codes of practice that have determined the dosimetry of these beams for the past twenty years. In the present work, we compared dosimetry based on the two most widespread absorbed ...

In 2004 a new work item proposal (NWIP) was accepted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee 85 (TC85 -- Nuclear Energy), Subcommittee 2 (Radiation Protection) for the development of a standard for the clinical dosimetry of beta radiation sources used for brachytherapy. To develop this standard, a new Working Group (WG 22 - Ionizing ...

Ion chambers are used at AFFRI as the primary method of dosimetry. These chambers are calibrated with a cobalt-60 radiation source and are used for dose measurements in high-energy electron, mixed neutron,/gamma, and cobalt-60 radiation fields. Radiation ...

A new personnel dosimetry system, employing a standard Hanford thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and a combination dosimeter with both CR-39 nuclear track and TLD-albedo elements, is being implemented at Hanford. Measurements were made in workplace enviro...

A neutron rem counter (Studsvik type 2202D) was calibrated at a number of neutron energies during a technical seminar on neutron dosimetry in radiation protection sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities and held at the Physikalisch-Technis...

The Instrument and External Dosimetry Section provides the calibration service for all portable radiation monitoring measuring and test equipment used on the Hanford Site. This document outlines the quality assurance (QA) plan for the Instrument Calibrati...

A neutron irradiation facility was designed and built in order to establish a procedure for calibrating neutron monitors and dosemeters. A 185 GBq (sup 241) Am Be source of known is used as a reference source. The irradiation facility using this source in...

Detailed procedures are given for calibration of neutron dosimeters and remmeters with californium neutron sources, both 'bare' and moderated. Corrections for scatter, room-return, anisotropic neutron emission, and deviation from the inverse square law ar...

The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is a facility designed for the demonstration of the safe disposal of transuranic waste. Currently, the radiation source term is confined to sealed calibration and check sources since WIPP has not received waste for d...

The research described in this report was performed to investigate the feasibility of a mailed dosimetry system as an alternative method of achieving the goals of the present U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirement that ionization chambers used for...

In dosimetry of fast neutrons for neutron therapy the sensitivities of ion chambers are calculated from the sensitivities determined by calibration on a gamma source by means of corrective factors. This corrective factors may be separated into theoretical...

The method for determination of the dose rate absorbed by tissue for JINR phasotron medical proton beams on a basis of clinical dosimeter calibration with the (sup 60) Co (gamma)-source, the main parameters of detectors used for measurements of spatial do...

The oxidation of ferrous sulfate is used as the method of measurement of radiation intensity in the Argonne National Laboratory's High-Level-Gamma Food Irradiation Facility. The preparation and calibration of the dosimeters are described and illustrated photcgraphically. (C.H.)

This report covers work done during FY83. These tasks included: (1) recovery and readout of the final set of dosimeters from the Climax facility, (2) a calibration exposure at the Sandia Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF) to verify temperature effects durin...

A small beta dosimeter was developed for use in biological effects experiments. The dosimeter was calibrated and tested in a series of laboratory experiments, including a uniform volume source exposure, a point source exposure, surface roughness exposures...

Secondary standard dosimetry laboratory (UPDK), Nuclear Energy Unit, is well equipped with all necessary irradiation facilities and radiation measuring devices. The establishment of the Laboratory is partly aimed at giving calibration services for all kin...

The document describes the NBS calibration service 44080C (formerly 8.10), which operates in the following way: (i) dosimetry sensors (metal foils, nuclear track detectors, wires, crystals, etc., supplied by the customer or by NBS) are irradiated to a cer...

...brachytherapy source on or after October 24, 2002, a licensee shall have� (1) Determined the source output or activity using a dosimetry system that meets the requirements of § 35.630(a); (2) Determined source positioning accuracy within...

The Canadian National Calibration Reference Center (NCRC) for Bioassay and In Vivo Monitoring is part of the Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada. The NCRC operates three performance testing programs that are designed to confirm that workplace monitoring results are accurate and provide the necessary external verification that is part of a comprehensive quality assurance ...

Various Hanford Site radiation protection services provided by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the US Department of Energy Richland Operations Office and Hanford contractors are described in this annual report for calendar year 1996. These activities include external dosimetry measurements and evaluations, internal dosimetry measurements and ...

Various Hanford sitewide radiation protection services provided by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the US Department of Energy, Richland Field Office and Hanford contractors are described In this annual report for calendar year 1991. These activities include internal dosimetry measurements and evaluations, in vivo measurements, external dosimetry ...

Various Hanford Site radiation protection services provided by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the US Department of Energy Richland Operations Office and Hanford contractors are described in this annual report for calendar year 1993. These activities include internal dosimetry measurements and evaluations, in vivo measurements, external dosimetry ...

Various Hanford Site radiation protection services provided by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the US Department of Energy Richland Field Office and Hanford contractors are described in this annual report of calendar year 1992. These activities include internal dosimetry measurements and evaluations, in vivo measurements, external dosimetry ...

During calendar year 2000, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory performed its customary radiological protection support services in support of the U.S. Department of Energy Richland Operations Office and the Hanford contractors. These services included: 1) external dosimetry, 2) internal dosimetry, 3) in vivo monitoring, 4) radiological records, 5) ...

During calendar year 2000, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory performed its customary radiological protection support services in support of the U.S. Department of Energy Richland Operations Office and the Hanford contractors. These services included: (1) external dosimetry, (2) internal dosimetry, (3) in vivo monitoring, (4) radiological records, ...

This software tool locates and computes the intensity of radiation skin dose resulting from fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures. It is comprised of multiple modules. Using standardized body specific geometric values, a software module defines a set of male and female patients arbitarily positioned on a fluoroscopy table. Simulated X-ray angiographic (XA) equipment includes XRII and ...

The NMISA Humidity Laboratory maintains the South African national measurement standards for humidity and provides traceability for commercial calibration laboratories. The laboratory performs both relative humidity and dew-point calibrations. The laboratory has been accredited since January 2004 for both parameters by the South ...

In 1983, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) issued the dosimetry standard titled ''Personnel Dosimetry Performance -- Criteria for Testing'' as ANSI N13.11. This standard forms the basis for the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) which has become familiar to ...