, and Amphetamine M. Foster Olive,1 Heather N. Koenig,1 Michelle A. Nannini,1 and Clyde W. Hodge2 1Department (i.e., ethanol, cocaine, D-amphetamine, and nicotine) would increase neurotransmission of endogenous radioimmunoassay. Acute administration of ethanol, cocaine, and D-amphetamine transiently elevated extracellular

Recent advances suggest that acetaldehyde mediates some of the neurobiological properties of ethanol. In a recent study, we have shown that ethanol elicits the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) in the nucleus accumbens and extended amygdala, via a dopamine D(1) receptor-mediated mechanism. The aim of this ...

Recent studies have shown that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) has an inhibitory effect on drug-seeking behaviors including reinstatement responding for cocaine. The objective of the present study was to expand on these findings by assessing the effects of DBS on behaviors related to alcohol consumption. The specific aim of ...

Several studies on the differences between ethanol-preferring versus non-preferring rat lines suggest an innate deficit in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system as an underlying factor for ethanol volition. Rats would try to overcome such deficit by engaging in a drug-seeking behaviour, when available, to drink an ethanol solution over ...

Repeated ethanol administration may induce behavioural sensitization, defined as a progressive potentiation of locomotor stimulant effects. This process is associated with neuroadaptations in the mesolimbic pathway and the nucleus accumbens. The aim of the present study was to analyse dopamine D? receptor (D?R) participation in ...

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) participates in the control of both motivation and addiction. To test the possibility that opioids in the NAc can cause rats to select ethanol in preference to food, Sprague-Dawley rats with ethanol, food, and water available, were injected with two doses each of morphine, the ?-receptor agonist ...

Dopaminergic systems are thought to play a major role in the stimulant and reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse, including ethanol. The present study describes the effects of local perfusion with ethanol (and other alcohols) on extracellular dopamine in the striatum and nucleus accumbens. Following the ...

Ethanol is one of the most abused drugs in the western societies. It is well established that mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons mediate the rewarding properties of ethanol. In our previous studies we have shown that the serine protease tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is involved in the rewarding properties of morphine and amphetamine. In the current ...

Conditioned responding to drug-predictive discrete cues can be strongly modulated by drug-associated contexts. We tested the hypothesis that differential recruitment of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell mediates responding to drug cues in a drug vs non-drug context. Rats were trained to discriminate between two 10-s auditory stimuli: one stimulus (CS+) was paired with ...

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In well-trained animals, accumbal dopamine release is stimulated during operant ethanol self-administration, but the time course of development of this dopaminergic response, particularly during the acquisition of ethanol drinking behavior, remains unknown. To examine this, we trained male Long-Evans rats to self-administer 10% ...

SYSTEMIC AND INTRA-ACCUMBENS ADMINISTRATION OF AMPHETAMINE DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTS CORTICAL experiments tested the hypothesis that the amphetamine-induced increase in dopamine release in the nucleus amphetamine to stimulate cortical acetylcholine release. The effects of systemic or intra

Neuroanatomical research suggests that interactions between dopamine and glutamate within the mesolimbic dopamine system are involved in both drug-induced locomotor stimulation and addiction. Therefore, genetically determined differences in the locomotor responses to ethanol and cocaine may be related to differences in the effects of these drugs on this ...

The experimental question is whether hypothalamic opioids, known to stimulate consummatory behavior, control a link to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). It was hypothesized that opioids injected in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) alter the balance of dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) in the NAc in a manner that fosters appetite for food or ...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and protein kinase A (PKA) have been implicated in neurobiological responses to ethanol. We have previously reported that mutant mice lacking normal production of the RII? subunit of PKA (RII?-/- mice) show enhanced sensitivity to the locomotor stimulant effects of ethanol and increased behavioral sensitization ...

Although progress has been made identifying neural mechanisms underlying ethanol's primary reinforcing effects, few studies have examined the mechanisms mediating ethanol-induced conditioned effects. A recent lesion study suggests that expression of ethanol-conditioned behaviors depends upon an intact amygdala and nucleus ...

Alcoholism can be viewed as a motivational disorder that results from alterations in brain systems for ingestive behavior. Therefore, it was hypothesized that alcohol intake might alter the expression of hypothalamic peptides that stimulate feeding. Earlier studies showed that hypothalamic injection of the feeding-stimulatory peptide, galanin (GAL), increases the release of ...

It has been known that monkeys will repeatedly press a bar for electrical stimulation in several different brain structures. We explored the possibility of using electrical stimulation in one such structure, the nucleus accumbens, as a substitute for liquid reward in animals performing a complex task, namely visual search. The animals ...

Implications for intracranial self-stimulation Simultaneous dopamine and single-unit recordings.pnas.org/misc/reprints.shtml To order reprints, see: Notes: #12;Simultaneous dopamine and single-unit recordings reveal accumbens GABAergic this pathway use a variety of neurotransmitters including dopamine and GABA. For this reason

Previously, it was shown that ethanol-dependent animals display increased sensitivity to the general opioid receptor antagonist nalmefene compared to naltrexone. It was hypothesized that the dissociable effects of the two antagonists were attributable to a ?-opioid receptor mechanism. Nucleus accumbens dynorphin is upregulated following chronic ...

The objective of these studies was to pharmacologically characterize the mechanism responsible for a folate-induced stimulation of locomotor activity in rats after bilateral injection into the nucleus accumbens region of the brain. Folic acid (FA) and 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid (FTHF) produced this hypermotility response after ...