Anatomical and functional refinements of the meso-limbic dopamine system of the rat are discussed. Present experiments suggest that dopaminergic neurons localized in the posteromedial ventral tegmental area (VTA) and central linear nucleus raphe selectively project to the ventromedial striatum (medial olfactory tubercle and medial nucleus accumbens shell), whereas the ...

Bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine injections into either the ventral tegmental area, or the substantia nigra pars compacta in rats, produced severe losses of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens-olfactory tubercle and striatum respectively. After 1 and 3 months postoperation, the depletion of limbic dopamine was associated with reduced spontaneous locomotor ...

The release of endogenous dopamine and norepinephrine from six brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum, s. nigra, n. accumbens-o. tubercle) of chronically lead-exposed rats was compared to release from controls. Prenatal and postnatal chronic lead intoxication was induced by 1000 ppm lead acetate in the drinking water of dams 70 days prior to mating and ...

In situ hybridization experiments were performed with brain sections from normal, control and haloperidol-treated rats to identify and map the cells expressing the D2 dopamine receptor gene. D2 receptor mRNA was detected with radioactive or biotinylated oligonucleotide probes. D2 receptor mRNA was present in glandular cells of the pituitary intermediate lobe and in neurons of the substantia nigra, ...

Neurodegenerative diseases may result from excessive stimulation of excitatory amino acid receptors by endogenous ligands. Because neuronal degeneration is associated with glial proliferation and hypertrophy, the degenerative changes throughout rat brain following the systemic administration of kainic acid (12 mg/kg) were mapped with quantitative autoradiography of (3H)PK 11195. This radioligand ...

The efferent projections of the anterior and posterodorsal part of the medial nucleus (MePD) in the mouse were studied by means of anterograde axonal tracing using biotinylated dextran amine. The MePD axons ran mainly via the stria terminalis and to a lesser extent via the ventral amygdalofugal pathway. The projections to the forebrain were broadly distributed and varied from very strong to scant. ...

We describe here the prenatal telencephalic expression of Dlx6 RNA and ?-galactosidase driven from a mutant Dlx6 locus. The mutant Dlx6 allele, which we believe is either a null or severe hypomorph, has an IRES-lacZ-neomycin resistance cassette inserted into the Dlx6 homeobox coding sequence (Dlx6(LacZ) ). We compared expression from the Dlx6-lacZ (Dlx6(LacZ) ) allele in heterozygotes ...

Animal studies suggest differential effects of cannabinoids on dopamine-related behaviours in adolescence and adulthood however few studies have investigated the underlying neurochemical effects of cannabinoids during adolescence. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of treatment with the synthetic cannabinoid, HU210, on dopamine receptor density in adolescent and adult rats. ...

Multiple D{sub 1} dopaminergic receptor subtypes have been postulated on the basis of pharmacological, biochemical, and genetic studies. The authors describe the isolation and characterization of a rat gene encoding a dopamine receptor that is structurally and functionally similar to the D{sub 1} dopamine receptor. The coding region, which is intronless, encodes a protein of 475 amino acids (M{sub ...

The neutral endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.11, also designated enkephalinase, has been visualized by in vitro autoradiography using the tritiated inhibitor (/sup 3/H)-N-((2RS)-3-hydroxyaminocarbonyl-2-benzyl-1-oxopropyl)glycine, ((/sup 3/H)HACBO-Gly). Specific binding of (/sup 3/H)HACBO-Gly corresponding to 85% of the total binding to brain slices was inhibited by 1 ..mu..M thiorphan, a selective ...

Schering-Plough Research has developed a new, more specific analogue of SCH23390. This compound, SCH39166, has been shown to be a potent, specific, D1 receptor antagonist with several features which are advantageous over its predecessor. In this report, the binding characteristics of (3H)SCH39166 are described by in vitro analysis in rat brain tissues. The binding was shown to be of high affinity ...

Patterns of immunoreactivity for calcium-binding protein, tyrosine hydroxylase and four neuropeptides in the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle and ventromedial parts of the caudate nucleus and putamen) were compared to patterns of these markers in the dorsal striatum (the majority of the neostriatum) in rhesus ...

Iodinated recombinant human nerve growth factor (125I-rhNGF) stimulated neurite formation in PC12 cell cultures with a half-maximal potency of 35-49 pg/ml, compared with 39-52 pg/ml for rhNGF. In quantitative ligand autoradiography, the in vitro equilibrium binding of 125I-rhNGF to brain sections showed a 10-fold regional variation in density and was saturable, reversible, and specifically ...

The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is exceptional among the large baleen whales in its ability to undertake aquabatic maneuvers to catch prey. Humpback whales utilize extremely mobile, wing-like flippers for banking and turning. Large rounded tubercles along the leading edge of the flipper are morphological structures that are unique in nature. The ...

The incorporation of labeled amino acid into the lipoprotein fraction by tubercle bacilli is exarained. When tubercle bacilli are incubated with the radioactive amino acid, radioactive lysine is found to be incorporated readily into this fraction. The paperchromatogram of this radioactive lipoprotein shows that there are at least three components ...

A 28-year-old female patient with disseminated tuberculosis and choroidal tubercles on a regimen of systemic antitubercular therapy underwent fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). This was carried out monthly until complete healing of the tubercle was seen. The tubercle consisted of a central white-yellow core, ...

A premature closure of the physis of the tibial tubercle in a young man has given rise to a shortening of the tibia, a patella alta and a reversed tibial slope of 20 degrees with clinical genu recurvatum. After a proximal open wedge tibial osteotomy all three postural deformities could be restored. The etiology of this complex deformity is discussed. ...

... tubercles and folds; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle, elevated, elliptical, about 3� subconical outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar ... region absent. Ulnar tubercles absent; thenar tubercle e...

For spatial orientation and navigation, many insects derive compass information from the polarization pattern of the blue sky. The desert locust Schistocerca gregaria detects polarized light with a specialized dorsal rim area of its compound eye. In the locust brain, polarized-light signals are passed through the anterior optic tract and tubercle to the central ...

Many animals rely on a sun compass for spatial orientation and long-range navigation. In addition to the Sun, insects also exploit the polarization pattern and chromatic gradient of the sky for estimating navigational directions. Analysis of polarization-vision pathways in locusts and crickets has shed first light on brain areas involved in sky compass orientation. Detection of sky polarization ...

... Accession Number : ADA537293. Title : Tubercles and Localized Corrosion on Carbon Steel. Descriptive Note : Journal article. ...

... Accession Number : ADA537175. Title : Tubercles and Localized Corrosion on Carbon Steel. Descriptive Note : Conference paper. ...

... 21] described the accumulation of positively charged iron hydroxides on negatively ... of DSH tubercles is the well-defined stratum of copper at the ...

The genomes of the tuberculin production strains Mycobacterium bovis AN5 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis DT were compared to genome-sequenced tubercle bacilli by using DNA microarrays. Neither the AN5 nor DT strain suffered extensive gene deletions during in vitro passage. This suggests that bovine tuberculin made from M. bovis AN5 is suitable to detect infection with presently ...

BackgroundThe highly homologous PE_PGRS (Proline-glutamic acid_polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequence) genes are members of the PE multigene family which is found only in mycobacteria. PE genes are particularly abundant within the genomes of pathogenic mycobacteria where they seem to have expanded as a result of gene duplication events. PE_PGRS genes are characterized by their high GC content and ...

The chemistry, mineralogy and microbiology of tubercles on cast iron and carbon steel were investigated. Tubercles, from diverse fresh water environments and of varying ages, consistently had an outer crust of goethite and lepidocrocite and an inner shell...

Hyaline or fibrinous degeneration is rather frequently found in tubercles; it may occur in tubercles of all organs, but prefers certain organs (spleen, lymph glands, liver), therefore both organs afflicted by cavity formation and those not affected by ulc...

... tubercles or limitation of tubercles to the sacral region (vs tubercles distributed over the entire dorsum), limitation of the ventral epidermal adhesive glands to the sternal region (vs glands covering an...

... tubercles large, palmar tubercles smaller, palms with small warts, outer palmar tubercle bifurcates; five to six saw- ... fold flat and straight; some specimens with larger warts on back of head; forearm a...

Over a 3-year follow-up, 30 out of the 318 unique Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates recovered in the Republic of Djibouti had a smooth-type morphology and were Niacine-negative, the characteristics of 'Mycobacterium canettii' strains. Unlike M. tuberculosis, 'M. canettii' grew on nutrient-poor media at 30�C, and possessed characteristic lipids. They were isolated ...

... Accession Number : ADA536898. Title : The Anatomy of Tubercles: A Corrosion Study in a Fresh Water Estury. Descriptive Note : Journal article. ...

It is still a matter of debate whether in dopaminergic nerve endings dopamine (DA) is present in different functional and/or metabolic compartments. To investigate this, DA metabolism was studied in vivo by measuring the specific activity of DA and its metabolites after intravenous administration of l-[3,5-(3)H]tyrosine (200 ?Ci/rat) to freely moving animals. The incorporation of (3)H into DA and ...

The distribution of 20 variable regions resulting from insertion-deletion events in the genomes of the tubercle bacilli has been evaluated in a total of 100 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium canettii, Mycobacterium microti, and Mycobacterium bovis. This approach showed that the majority of these polymorphisms did not occur ...

Language: English ...

The effect of leading edge tubercles on the performance of idealized humpback whale flipper models is analyzed. We present the experimental results based on precision wind tunnel testing, comparing the data obtained on idealized model sets with and without leading edge tubercles. We have found a significant increase in the angle of attack required for ...

Tubercle bacilli exposed to cosmic radiation, with 2.1, 7.4, and 9.5 cm of Pb, not only showed a strong attenuated virulence, but also possessed a strong immunizing property against reinfection with virulent tubercle bacilli. The attenuation of the virulence and the immunizing property of tubercle bacilli placed under 9.5 cm ...

We document here by Western immunoblotting and immunogold ultracytochemistry that polyclonal antibodies against human lactoferrin (Lf) bind to tubercle and leprosy bacilli. In situ immunogold labeling of Mycobacterium leprae (present in armadillo liver and in human skin) and of Mycobacterium tuberculosis indicated that receptors for anti-Lf antibodies were present both on the ...

A computational study was conducted to explain the aerodynamic effect of leading edge tubercles on maximum lift coefficient, stall angle of attack (AoA), drag, and post stall characteristics for airfoils as well as finite wings. Past experiments demonstrated airfoils with leading edge tubercles do not improve Clmax, drag, or stall AoA but smoothen post ...

Forskolin labelled with (/sup 3/H) bound to high- and low-affinity sites in the rat brain. The high-affinity site was discretely located, with highest densities in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercule, substantia nigra, hippocampus, and the molecular layers of the cerebellum. This site did not correlate well with the distribution of ...

Phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli by antigen-presenting cells in human lung alveoli initiates a complex infection process by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a potentially protective immune response by the host. M. tuberculosis has devoted a large part of its genome towards functions that allow it to successfully establish latent or progressive infection in ...

... the axial tubercles and the spines on alternate pleura as markers to identify and follow specific segments ... of which is the distal one. The third pleura has one small tubercle on the posterior band .....

A semiliquid medium with 1% hemolyzed blood as nutrient and 0.05% agar as supporter has been prepared for cultivating tubercle bacilli and shows the same effect as with 10% serum. This medium has the advantage in isolating mycobacteria from sputum specime...

... labial region flared and swollen, extending beyond most axial edge of eyes when viewed in dorsal aspect; ... slightly smaller and more rounded than thenar tubercle; axial (outer) metacarpal tubercle promi...

... the ventral tubercle, and does not contain any pneumatic foramina. The dorsal surface of the ventral tubercle ... clade Aves by the lack of a penetrating pneumatic foramen. This foremen, although absent i...

... with projections (Fig. 217), pairs of dimples (Fig. 224), tubercles (as in female, Figs. 25, 27), bulges ( ... with projections (Fig. 217), pairs of dimples (Fig. 224), tubercles (as in female, Figs. 25, 2...

... meaning �not concentric�, in allusion to the unconventional elliptical to domelike shape of the median part of ... Finger discs broadly rounded to truncate. Thenar tubercle elliptical, low; palmar tubercl...

PmKo, a lipopolysaccharide purified from tubercle bacilli by Choucroun, was employed in inbred rabbits as a skin test for native and acquired resistance to tuberculosis. The dermal response was high in the T family which is very resistant to tuberculosis ...

... on back, side of head and body, and chest absent; large tubercles on side of anus absent; ... on back, side of head and body, and chest; no large tubercles on side of anus; ventral ... ...

... In general the concentrations of calcium, copper, manganese, nickel ... described the accumulation of positively charged iron hydroxides on negatively ...

... In general the concentrations of calcium, copper, manganese, nickel ... described the accumulation of positively charged iron hydroxides on negatively ...

... the lacrimal tubercle within the orbit is the lacrimal foramen for the nasolacrimal duct; the foramen lies between the lacrimal medially and the maxilla laterally. What is visible ... ...

... be considered identical, since the staining reagents of ... ch resemble nuclei but did not stain. ... initial stages the process resembles interstitial hepatitis. ...

Aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms were enumerated in tubercles collected from sections of the water distribution pipeline in the Columbus, Ohio, metropolitan area. Coliform bacteria were not detected in the tubercles examined. Sulfate-reducing bacteria were detected in 80% of the samples. Nitrate-reducing heterotrophs were present in all samples. The ...

Physiochemical data on five iron tubercles from a single Distribution System (DS) are divided into two groups based on internal morphology and the predominate core iron mineral phases, �-FeOOH, �-FeOOH, or Fe3O4, yet all three coexist in each tubercle. Cond...

The effect of leading edge tubercles on the performance of idealized humpback whale flipper models at sweep angles of 15 and 30 degrees is analyzed. We present the experimental results based on precision wind tunnel testing, comparing the data obtained on idealized model sets with and without leading edge tubercles. We have found a significant difference ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report is to describe the imaging features in three cases of avulsion injury of the sublime tubercle of the ulna that occurred in throwing athletes. CONCLUSION: Avulsion fracture of the sublime tubercle of the ulna is a potential cause of chronic medial elbow pain in the throwing athlete. This entity is best evaluated with a ...

AIM: The diagnosis and treatment of patellar dislocation is very complex. The aim of this study is to give an overview of the biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint and to point out the latest developments in diagnosis and treatment of patellar dislocation. METHOD: The authors electronically searched Medline, Cochrane and Embase for studies on the biomechanics of the ...

The unique pattern of small tubercles on the leading edge of the dorsal fins of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) has been widely noted in the literature, though their structure or function has never been conclusively identified. We examined external morphology and microanatomy of the tubercles for further understanding of the nature of the ...

In this study, relationships between circulating androgens, aggressive behaviour and breeding tubercles in males of common bream Abramis brama were examined in an aquarium environment. The breeding tubercles of fish were counted, the number of attacks was quantified by male status and circulating rates of testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone from blood ...

The cytoarchitecture of the diencephalon and pretectum of the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, was studied utilizing cresyl violet stained serial paraffin sections. The identified cell groups were assigned to the preoptic area, hypothalamus, thalamus and posterior tubercle, epithalamus, synencephalon and pretectum. The outlines of the diencephalic and pretectal nuclei ...

The olfactory tubercle (OT) is found in the brains of mammals that are highly dependent on their sense of smell. Its human analogue is the poorly understood anterior perforated substance. Previous work on rat brain slices identified two types of field potential responses from the OT. The association fibre (AF) pathway was sensitive to muscarinic modulation, whereas the lateral ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, parasitizes host macrophages. The resistance of the tubercle bacilli to the macrophage hostile environment relates to their ability to impair phagosome maturation and its fusion with the lysosome, thus preventing the formation of the phago-lysosome and eventually arresting the process of phagocytosis. The M. ...

The reemergence of tuberculosis in its present-day manifectations � single, multiple and extensive drug resistant forms and as HIV-TB coinfections � has resulted in renewed research on fundamental questions such as the nature of the organism itself, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the molecular basis of its pathogenesis, definition of the immunological response in animal models and humans, and ...

Historical and psychophysical literature has demonstrated a perceptual interplay between olfactory and auditory stimuli � the neural mechanisms of which are not understood. Here we report novel findings revealing that the early olfactory code is subjected to auditory cross-modal influences. In vivo extracellular recordings from the olfactory tubercle, a tri-laminar structure ...

This is an account of the life and work of Robert Koch (1843-1910), Nobel Laureate in Medicine and a founder of the science of bacteriology. In particular, Koch's researches into tuberculosis are described � the discovery of the tubercle bacillus, the controversy regarding the human and bovine types, the Koch phenomenon, and the introduction of tuberculin, which proved to be ...

This is an account of the life and work of Robert Koch (1843-1910), Nobel Laureate in Medicine and a founder of the science of bacteriology. In particular, Koch's researches into tuberculosis are described--the discovery of the tubercle bacillus, the controversy regarding the human and bovine types, the Koch phenomenon, and the introduction of tuberculin, which proved to be ...

Experiments were run to measure what effect advanced treatment might have on the kinetics of chlorine and chloramine decay in metallic pipes that comprise many drinking water distribution systems. A recirculating loop of 6-in diameter unlined ductile iron pipe was used to simulate turbulent flow conditions in a pipe with significant corrosion and tubercle buildup. ...

Many insects can detect the polarization pattern of the blue sky and rely on polarization vision for sky compass orientation. In laboratory experiments, tethered flying locusts perform periodic changes in flight behavior under a slowly rotating polarizer even if one eye is painted black. Anatomical tracing studies and intracellular recordings have suggested that the polarization vision pathway in ...

This study reports a new substitution technique as a choice to repair both acute and chronic injuries of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow. Different researchers have described different techniques to reconstruct the medial ligament complex with similar results (with the use of grafts). There is a shared variable in the latest reports, the interpretation of the ...

To establish a molecular epidemiological baseline for the strains causing tuberculosis in Nigeria, a survey of isolates from humans and cattle was carried out. Spoligotyping and variable-number tandem-repeat analysis revealed that the majority of tuberculosis disease in humans in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, is caused by a single, closely related group of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Using ...

Cell envelope lipids play an important role in the pathogenicity of mycobacteria, but the mechanisms by which they are transported to the outer membrane of these prokaryotes are largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence that LppX is a lipoprotein required for the translocation of complex lipids, the phthiocerol dimycocerosates (DIM), to the outer membrane of Mycobacterium ...

With Koch's announcement in 1882 of his work with the tubercle bacillus, his famous postulates launched the rational world of infectious disease and an abrupt social change-strict patient isolation.The postulates, so successful at their inception, soon began to show some problems, particularly with cholera, which clearly violated some of Koch's requirements. Subsequent studies ...

With Koch's announcement in 1882 of his work with the tubercle bacillus, his famous postulates launched the rational world of infectious disease and an abrupt social change�strict patient isolation.The postulates, so successful at their inception, soon began to show some problems, particularly with cholera, which clearly violated some of Koch's requirements. Subsequent ...

It has been suggested that the incidence of infection with mycobacteria other than typical tubercle (MOTT) bacilli is increasing. Laboratory and epidemiologic information relating to MOTT infection in British Columbia between 1972 and 1981 was analysed. Patient records for 1960-81 were also analysed. Of the 313 661 laboratory specimens 13 474 yielded Mycobacterium tuberculosis ...

Reductionist attempts to dissect complex mechanisms into simpler elements are necessary, but not sufficient for understanding how biological properties like reward emerge out of neuronal activity. Recent studies on intracranial self-administration of neurochemicals (drugs) found that rats learn to self-administer various drugs into the mesolimbic dopamine structures�the ...

SUMMARY: The bilateral cleft lip and nasal repair has remained a challenging endeavor. Techniques have evolved to address concerns over unsatisfactory features and stigmata of the surgery. The authors present an approach to this complex clinical problem that modifies traditional repairs described by Millard and Manchester. The senior author (H.S.B.) has developed this ...

Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug-resistant (resistance to at least rifampin and isoniazid) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is one of the cornerstones for global TB control as it allows early epidemiological and therapeutic interventions. The slow growth of the tubercle bacillus is the greatest obstacle to rapid diagnosis of the disease. However, ...

Introduction.? Recent studies have uncovered multiple markers of vaginal orgasm history (unblocked pelvic movement during walking, less use of immature psychological defense mechanisms, greater urethrovaginal space). Other markers (perhaps of prenatal origin) even without obvious mechanistic roles in vaginal orgasm might exist, and a clinical observation led to the novel hypothesis that a ...

Background It has already been shown in animals and using anatomical human specimens that chronic slippage of the adolescent upper (capital) femoral epiphysis is unlikely to take place by shearing due to the presence of an epiphyseal tubercle projecting down into the metaphysis.Material, results, and interpretation Plain radiographs of 20 adolescents and CT scans of 9 of them ...

Acute avulsion of the tibial tubercle is an uncommon injury, accounting for less than 1% of all physeal injuries. Simultaneous bilateral avulsion fractures of the tibial tubercle are extremely rare. Only 10 cases have been reported in the literature to date. We report a case of a 15-year-old boy who suffered from the bilateral avulsion fractures of the ...

... Shorten 1962). Feet are plantigrade; long toes (except thumbs, which are reduced to tubercles) have long curved ... Mating system is polygynous�promiscuous. Body mass and dominance rank in females are the...

... presents thick tubercles above and below the large lacrimal duct. The nasals are strongly arched across the midline, ... ...

'Now with the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. ..... faces smooth or with a few green irregular tubercles (Rio Grande Valley. central to southern) . ...

... separate plastic rearing containers, fed clippings from potted Asclepias incarnata, and reared to adulthood. Of the 11 larvae, ... ...

... This species' tubercles are not like tiles or roof shingles, but rather point out from the side of the plant in shades of matte green�not the semi-shiny green of C. recurvispina. ... ...

... This mandibular tubercle has a wide and deep �boomerang�-shaped depression ventral to the posterior alveolus of ... ...

... side posteriorly; on posterior sixth of pronotum with four distinct tubercles in transverse arc; pronotal surface with closely spaced ocellate punctures, most ... ...

... hr), horizontal ramus; EO, exoccipital fr, foramen rotundum; iff, infraorbital foramen; lf, lacrimal foramen; lt, lacrimal tubercle; ... ...

...tuberculosis and provides epidemiological information on this disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the common causative organism in human tuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease characterized by formation of tubercles (small...

Like many vertebrate species, insects rely on a sun compass for spatial orientation and long- range navigation. In addition to the sun, however, insects can also use the polarization pattern of the sky as a reference for estimating navigational directions. Recent analysis of polarization vision pathways in the brain of orthopteroid insects sheds some light onto brain areas that might act as ...

Like many vertebrate species, insects rely on a sun compass for spatial orientation and long- range navigation. In addition to the sun, however, insects can also use the polarization pattern of the sky as a reference for estimating navigational directions. Recent analysis of polarization vision pathways in the brain of orthopteroid insects sheds some light onto brain areas that might act as ...

Today Miliary Tuberculosis in Central Europe is a rare disease, quite often with resulting diagnostic uncertainty. The terms "miliary" and "tubercle" are outlined with their up to now accepted historical roots. An analysis of Marcello Malpighi's quite unknown post-mortem reports by the Italian author L. Munster reveals an earlier use of both terms than described till now. ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and MR imaging features of a unique strain at the iliac tubercle enthesis. While this strain appeared to correspond to the iliotibial band (IT band) enthesis, the literature regarding the IT band origin was discrepant. As such, our second goal was to prove that the IT band originated at the iliac tubercle, through ...

In a review of the literature, it can be determined that large osteomas of the mandible are relatively rare. Of those that have been described, the location is normally posterior to the premolars on the lingual surface of the mandible or in the condylar area. This article presents a case of an atypical presentation of an osteoma arising from the genial tubercle area. ...

The nature of iron tubercles inside unlined iron pipes of drinking water distribution systems are influenced by water quality and therefore susceptible to changes in water chemistry. The underlying assumption is that tubercles in a system have similar physio-chemical properties. ...

Dens evaginatus is a developmental anomaly that produces a tubercle on the occlusal or palatal or lingual surfaces of teeth. The tubercle, which often contains pulp tissue, can cause occlusal interference, and pulpal pathology is a common sequel of attrition or fracture of the evagination. It affects a number of tooth types, but most commonly the premolar ...

Tubercle bacilli exposed to direct cosmic radiation for 104 days at 2300 m showed a significantly lower virulence than that kept in the laboratory or exposed to cosmic radiation at sea level. After reinoculation of the original culture there is a marked decrease of virulence. (C.E.S.)

We present a case of combined avulsion fracture of the tibial tubercle (AFTT) and avulsion of the patellar ligament in a 15-year-old boy. This injury was treated by open reduction and fixation of both lesions using staples with satisfactory results. This constellation of injury is rare but a high index of suspicion is needed when faced with a displaced AFTT. Open reduction and ...

This article describes the case of a 39-year-old man who sustained both a lateral process and posteromedial tubercle talus fracture. Both fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation resulting in a satisfactory clinical outcome. Although this combination of injuries has been described in the literature, this is the first reported case to describe surgical ...

SUMMARYThe human tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis can synthesize NAD⁺ using the de novo biosynthesis pathway or the salvage pathway. The salvage pathway of the bovine tubercle bacillus M. bovis was reported defective due to a mutation in the nicotinamidase PncA. This defect prevents nicotinic acid secretion, which is the ...

The degree of differentiation between Western and Eastern Early Middle Pleistocene hominids (Homo erectus) is still under debate. On the one hand, the two populations are believed by some to belong to two separate taxonomic categories possessing their own exclusive features. On the other hand, they are considered by others to belong to a single but ubiquitous global population with regional ...

This project investigated the impact that the addition of leading edge protuberances (tubercles) have on the effectiveness of marine tidal turbine blades, especially at lower flow speeds. The addition of leading edge tubercles to lifting foils has been shown, in previous research, to delay the onset of stall without significant hydrodynamic costs. The ...

The author examined the sewage from 5 towns with tuberculosis sanatoria and from one institution for the care of the feeble-minded, which had a tuberculosis ward, for the presence of tubercle bacilli. The 6 effluents were treated in biological-purification plants and average samples taken. These were centrifuged, and the sediment treated for 1 hour at 37�C with 4% NaOH ...

Progression of the infection by host-specific strains of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium arthrosporioides of Orobanche aegyptiaca (Egyptian broomrape) tubercles attached to tomato roots was tracked using light, confocal and electron microscopy. Mycelia transformed with the gene for green fluorescent protein were viewed using a confocal microscope. Fungal penetration was ...

this document a method for automating the detection of tubercle bacilli in sputum specimens is described. A fluorescence microscope with an attached digital camera is used to manually locate and capture images of tubercle bacilli. The method comprises of two phases: (a) image processing and analysis techniques are applied to the images for enhancement and ...

Although there are remarkable differences regarding the output organization of basal ganglia between mammals and non-mammals, mammalian species with poorly differentiated brain have scarcely been investigated in this respect. The aim of the present study was to identify the pallidal neurons giving rise to thalamic projections in the Madagascar lesser hedgehog tenrec (Afrotheria). Following tracer ...

In a previous report, we described a PCR protocol for the differentiation of the various species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) on the basis of genomic deletions (R. C. Huard, L. C. de Oliveira Lazzarini, W. R. Butler, D. van Soolingen, and J. L. Ho, J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:1637-1650, 2003). That report also provided a broad cross-comparison of several ...

Mice with a targeted disruption in the beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) gene, which lack major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and consequently fail to develop functional CD8 T cells, provided a useful model for assessing the role of class I-restricted T cells in resistance to infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of mutant beta 2m-/-mice infected with ...

Lindane-induced dose- and time-related changes in regional 2-14C-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake were examined in 59 discrete rat brain structures using the 2-DG autoradiographic technique. At different times (0.5-144 hr) after administration of a seizure-inducing single dose of lindane (60 mg/kg), 2-DG uptake was significantly increased in 18 cortical and subcortical regions mainly related to the ...

1. The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists on the behavioural hyperactivity response which results from injection of the neurokinin receptor agonist [pGlu5, MePhe8, Sar9]-substance P (5-11) (DiMe-C7) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the rat midbrain have been determined. 2. Subcutaneous administration of ondansetron (GR38032) (0.001-0.3 mg kg-1), GR65630 (0.01 mg ...

Two cases of tubercle bacilli infected bulla are reported. Case 1; A 78-year-old man visited our hospital complaining of fever and chest pain. The chest radiograph revealed the bulla with air fluid level in the left upper lung field. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in the fluid obtained by percutaneous lung aspiration. He was treated with anti-mycobacterial drugs and ...

Use of HeLa cells infected with tubercle bacilli for the study of anti- tuberculous drugs. J. Bacteriol. 73:494-498. Showacre, J. L., H. E. Hopps, ...

Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc. Browse the Encyclopedia Read More Mucosa Nodules Pulmonary tuberculosis A.D.A.M Quality Logo A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by...

... of tubercles rather than of compressed, keeled, or convex scales. We have treated this set of characters as nonadditive because we can easily envision a rather large number of different processes producing...

... annamensis by having external metatarsal tubercles and smoother skin. Recent field surveys of Vietnam herpetofauna carried out ... tibiotarsal articulation; tibiotarsal articulation reaching well beyond s...

Adult quillback were collected in 1969 which engaged in an upstream spawning migration in the North Platte River in Nebraska. Five hundred specimens were examined for sex and tuberculate conditions. Observations of sexually mature females revealed nuptial...

... Avisoft-SAS Lab Light, with FFT-Length 256, Frame 100%, and Window Flat top. Snout profile standards in descriptions of ... ...

... between coxae and genital shield flat, with some striations posteriorly; setae located in small patches on cuticle ... than wide, scooplike, without denticles. All coxae without striations or tubercles. V...

... 5�1.9; 1) 2.1�2.6.Pitting on cranidium: 0) absent; 1) present only on ... defined posteromedially, four axial rings with paired tubercles; pitting on lateral portions of pleural lobes; posterior margin ....

... 7, 10�12. Diagnosis Large-sized sinoleperditiine. Posterodorsal inflation developed on each valve. A transversal depression generally present between the eye tubercle and the posterodorsal inflation. Hi...

Ultrastructure descriptions are given of the eggs of five British Aedes species, namely Aedes (Aedes) cinereus Meigen, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) cantans (Meigen), Aedes (Ochlerotatus) punctor (Kirby), Aedes (Ochlerotatus) detritus (Haliday), and Aedes (Ochlerotatus) rusticus (Rossi). Eggs of the first 4 species are broadly cigar/boat-shaped, with those of Ae. cinereus being characteristically long and ...

The report contains a description of the neuron structure of a number of formations, the fine structure of which has been subjected to little study--the hypothalamus, the preoptic region, nuclei of the diagonal tract and the septum, the olfactory tubercle...

The antigens were all prepared from M. tuberculosis in the following manner. Tubercle bacilli are cultured as surface pellicles on Proskauerbeck medium for 6 to 8 weeks and then separated from the culture fluid by membrane filtration. The culture filtrate...

The use of enzyme could facilitate pathogen penetration into plant host. Here the combination of cellulase and pectinase was ascertained on the pathogenicity of F. compactum (1.4 � 10⁶??propagules ml^?1) on broomrape tubercles. F. compactum alone infected all the inoculated tubercles but did not kill any ...

Glomangioma have many synonyms including: glomus tumors, tumors of neuromyoarterial glomi, angioneuromas, angioneuromyomas, neuromyoarterial glomi, painful subcutaneous tubercles, Popoff tumors or subcotaneous glomal tumors (1). They are common in humans,...

Corrosion of iron pipes in Drinking Water Distribution Systems (DWDS) contributes to the formation of tubercles whose physio-chemical properties are influenced by the composition of the waters in the distribution system. Thus the objective of this study was to assess the extent o...

... Elliptechinus kiwiaster n. gen. and sp., an unusual elliptical lepidocentrid, which extends the range of lepidocentrids into ... ambulacral plates. Interambulacral tubercles prominent and high with ellipt...

... diameter (vs. half orbit diameter); area around pectoral region pale (vs. with dark pattern); paired red tubercles anterior to tympanum (vs. absent); loreal region concave (vs. sloping); and dorsum with lo...

... to angle of jaw; single vocal sac, subgular, internal. Slender arms, forearm a ... with rounded adhesive disks of medium size; inner carpal tubercle well ... ...

... sanderi differs mainly by having smaller tubercles and warts, and by lacking a pale orange groin. Ischnocnema ... adult male (absent); small and low granules or warts in dorsal skin (conical, pungent gran...

The xenoestrogens, ethinylestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BPA), and the androgen 17�-trenbolone (TRB) are examples of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) commonly detected in the environment. All have been shown to affect fish reproductive endocrinology individually, but littl...

... view showing the supra-laesural over the laesura (star). The distal ornamentation consists of tubercles. The proximal ... Isoetes brasiliensis. Equatorial view. A supra-laesural expansion (star) is eviden...

Microbially influenced corrosion of pipeline steels is an economically important problem. Microbes form tubercles which block fluid flow and can facilitate localized corrosion leading to through-wall penetrations. Microbes of diverse physiological types a...

Lesions of tuberculosis in mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) were present in all visceral organs. The tubercles were composed of large rounded macrophages which contained numerous intracytoplasmic acid-fast bacilli. The lesions were not encapsulated and mineralization was not observed. PMID:650789

... Photographs: Dennis Bowen. FIG. ... 5D. M. Bushnell and KJ Moore, ''Drag reduction in nature,'' Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23, 65 1991. 6F. ...

The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is exceptional among the baleen whales in its ability to undertake acrobatic underwater maneuvers to catch prey. In order to execute these banking and turning maneuvers, humpback whales utilize extremely mobile ...

Background:? The management of bicipital tendonitis can be challenging to the clinician. Traditionally, blind injections near the bicipital groove have been performed by clinicians with risk of bicipital tendon rupture or atrophy. Because of the inaccuracy and risk associated with blind bicipital tendon steroid injections, we sought to ascertain whether a fluoroscopically guided steroid injection ...

... nuptial tubercles differ between C. velifer and C. carpio, and thus, that information may have been useful for further verification. Carpiodes spp. may be abundant in tailwaters of locks ... ...

... the holotype), the surface just anterior to the mental tubercles is usually more or less concave (Domning, 1982:figs. 6B, 6C). These conditions contrast sharply with those of most specimens of ... ...

The release of endogenous dopamine and norepinephrine from six brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum, s. nigra, n. accumbens-o.tubercle) of chronically lead-exposed rats was compared to release from controls. Prenatal and postnatal ch...

is taken to describe the immature stages for the first time, to redescribe the female imago of Eretmoptera:160. DESCRIPTION. (Measurements in pm, unless stated otherwise; given as mean followed by range) Female imago (n 10 distributed, without differentiation into spines or tubercles and with bareconjunctives; female imago

... which is a modification of Matsui (1984). All limb measurements were made on the right side except where ... of first toe length; outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Measurements See ... of body and lim...

The authors present the first three cases of chronic calcific tendinits of the neck. This condition is diagnosed radiologically by the presence of calcification located just inferior to the anterior tubercle of C1. The calcification is at the insertion of the longus colli muscle. No soft tissue swelling is present and the patients are asymptomatic.

The structure and mineralogy of corrosion products formed on carbon steel coupons exposed in Duluth Superior Harbor (DSH. USA), were investigated and compared with corrosion products on similar substrata from other locations. Corrosion products in DSH for...

Evidence was obtained for the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio sp.) in pits of an epoxy-topcoated aluminum alloy (7178) tank, and in tubercles and pits in a similar tank coated with Buna N. The sulfate-reducing bacteria were found in t...

... of body; skin on flanks tuberculate; skin on chest, belly, and thighs areolate, other ventral surfaces smooth; ... and lateral tubercles bearing pale gray tips; throat, chest, and venter chocolate brown, ...

... covering the eye field and vivid orange hair decorating the antero-lateral half of the abdomen. The ... in four rows, as in other lyssomanine spiders, set on well-developed tubercles, eyes of third row ....

... po, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; q, quadrate; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra; vt, ventral tubercle. Dotted line represents ... prf, prefrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; ...

Smitipsylla maseri, a new genus and species of flea from Petaurista elegans canicepts, the lesser giant flying squirrel, collected at Phulung Ghyang, Newakot District, Nepal, is described and figured. The new genus is characterized by the frontal tubercle...

... tarsal tubercles. The new species inhabits western Amazon tropical rainforests and has been found in arboreal bromeliads by ... Canopy in Amphibian Inventories? Most amphibian inventories in tropical rai...

... conspicuously different in size and form, with axial prong of medial hooks stouter than abaxial prong), hook size (total length of medial hooks up ... single conspicuous tubercle on proximal part of axial...

... buccula elevated, short, not projecting beyond antenniferous tubercle. Thorax. Wider than long, and trapeziform; humeral angles rounded ... pronotum, scutellum, clavus, corium, ventral surface of head, th...

... these glands occurring in male S. luschani. Putative energy storage glands in the tail of Ambystoma macrodactylum (reported ... hypothesis) or have a more general function for energy storage, communicatio...

Children with repaired cleft lip/palate require secondary closure of the alveolar cleft and, often, nasolabial revision. We describe a technique performed in 61 patients for harvesting bone for the alveolar defect and dermis for augmentation of the median tubercle, taking both from the posterior iliac region. The advantages of the posterior approach are as follows: (1) the ...

Aryepiglottic fold Cuneiform tubercle Corniculate tubercle Trachea Interarytenoid notch Vocal ligaments (true vocal cords) ANATOMIC DRAWINGS OF THE LARYNX THE VOCAL CORDS AS VIEWED THROUGH A LARYNGOSCOPE ANTERIOR VIEW OF LARYNX POSTERIOR VIEW OF LARYNX Epiglottis (supraglottis) Hyoid bone Superior horn of thyroid cartilage Thyrohyoid membrane ...

Two imported male hooded mergansers (Lophodytes cucullatus) were introduced into a zoological aviary in Japan, and one of them died 10 mo later. Postmortem revealed numerous white yellowish nodules of various sizes in the liver. Two large nodules were also observed below the right lung and on the top of the left kidney. Histopathologically, a large number of tubercles with ...

A simple, widely applicable method for the culture of tubercle bacilli was compared with the classical standard method in a controlled trial on 500 specimens. The method consisted of treating sputum samples with a detergent�alkali mixture, and inoculating this on to buffered medium. The technique was found to be as sensitive as the standard method for the isolation of ...

Tibial tubercle avulsion is an uncommon fracture in physically active adolescents. Sequential avulsion of tibial tubercles is extremely rare. We reported a healthy, active 15-year-old boy who suffered from left tibial tubercle avulsion fracture during a basketball game. He received open reduction and internal fixation with two smooth ...

SummaryIn mammalian embryos, male and female external genitalia develop from the genital tubercle. Outgrowth of the genital tubercle is maintained by the urethral epithelium, and it has been reported that Fgf8 mediates this activity. To test directly whether Fgf8 is required for external genital development, we conditionally removed Fgf8 from the ...

A sensitive immunofluorescence technique was used to describe systematically the distrubution of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH)-containing cell bodies, non-terminal fiber pathways, and terminal fields in the brain of the male albino rat. DBH is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline, and as such is useful as an anatomical marker for noradrenaline and possibly ...

IntroductionExtensor tendon irritation and attritional tendon ruptures are potentially serious complications after open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures. These complications are well recognized after dorsal plating of distal radii; and these are now being reported after errant screw placement during volar fixed-angle plating. Intraoperative detection of improper screw ...

Tested by the roll-tube method, the inclusion in Dubos medium of oleic acid, Tween 80, or glucose hastens colony growth of tubercle bacilli (BCG), but the variability in counts between replicate bottles is large, and the mean count is low compared with that obtained in media free of these substances. The addition of glycerol hastens the development of colonies, and counts on ...

Denis Duboule is one of the most influential and highly-cited scientists in developmental biology. Born in Geneva in 1955, he holds dual Swiss and French nationality. His undergraduate studies in biology at the University of Geneva included research on mouse embryology. He later learned molecular techniques in the laboratory of Pierre Chambon, becoming a major player in characterising the ...

� Background and Aims Cacti are extremely diverse structurally and ecologically, and so modified as to be intimidating to many biologists. Yet all have the same organization as most dicots, none differs fundamentally from Arabidopsis or other model plants. This review explains cactus shoot structure, discusses relationships between structure, ecology, development and evolution, and indicates ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cacti are extremely diverse structurally and ecologically, and so modified as to be intimidating to many biologists. Yet all have the same organization as most dicots, none differs fundamentally from Arabidopsis or other model plants. This review explains cactus shoot structure, discusses relationships between structure, ecology, development and evolution, and indicates areas ...

Telencephalic evolution in ray-finned fishes shows increasing complexity from polypteriform fishes through sturgeons to teleosts. Telencephalic organization in sturgeons is thus critical to our understanding of ray-finned fish evolution, but it is poorly understood, particularly as regards the roof or pallium. Two major hypotheses exist regarding the medial part of area ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis PhoP of the PhoP-PhoR two-component signaling system orchestrates a complex transcription program and is essential for the growth and virulence of the tubercle bacillus. PhoP comprises a phosphorylation domain at the amino-terminal half and a DNA-binding domain in the carboxy-terminal half of the protein. We show here that the ...

Since the first discovery of the smooth tubercle (SmTB) bacilli "Mycobacterium canettii" less than 60 isolates have been reported, all but one originating from a limited geographical location, the Horn of Africa. In spite of its rarity, the SmTB lineage deserves special attention. Previous investigations suggested that SmTB isolates represent an ancestral lineage of the ...

The relationship between the mandibular condyle and the crest of the mandibular notch (CMN) has historically entered into discussions of Neanderthal characteristics and was recently suggested to be autapomorphic in Neanderthals. The Neanderthal CMN has been described as intersecting the condyle in the middle, while the modern human CMN runs to the condyle's lateral end. A large lateral condylar ...

Despite the importance of glutamate as a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, the distribution of glutamatergic populations in the brain of most vertebrates is still unknown. Here, we studied for the first time the distribution of glutamatergic neurons in the forebrain of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), belonging to the most ancient group of vertebrates (agnathans). For this, we ...

The adult ascidian neural complex forms from a thin tube called the neurohypophyseal duct and from the primordium of the cerebral ganglion from the sensory vesicle in metamorphosing larvae. Neurohypophyseal duct cells, located in the anterior left side of the sensory vesicle of swimming larvae, are derived from the anterior embryonic neural plate, which expresses common ...

The immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is complex. Experimental evidence has revealed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a major role in host defense against Mtb in both active and latent phases of infection. TNF-neutralizing drugs used to treat inflammatory disorders have been reported to increase the risk of tuberculosis (TB), in accordance ...

BackgroundMycobacterium tuberculosis is the principal etiologic agent of human tuberculosis. It has no environmental reservoir and is believed to have co-evolved with its host over millennia. This is supported by skeletal evidence of the disease in early humans, and inferred from M. tuberculosis genomic analysis. Direct examination of ancient human remains for M. tuberculosis biomarkers should aid ...

One hundred eighty-five total knee revisions were done by the 2 senior authors from 1988 to 1994. Of these, 17 patients were identified as having severe osteolysis. The average age was 62.7 years, and the average weight was 90.8 g. All patients had osteoarthritis. Preoperative aspiration was negative in all patients. Eight patients had a metal-backed patella, 8 had a cementless implant, 4 had a ...

BACKGROUND: The evaluation of distal transfer procedures relies primarily on qualitative clinical findings. Although quantitative MRI measurements provide an objective supplement to qualitative clinical findings, an association between qualitative clinical findings and quantitative patellofemoral indices has yet to be established. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 21-year-old man presented with frequent ...

Mycobacterium microti is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that causes tuberculosis in voles. Most strains of M. microti are harmless for humans, and some have been successfully used as live tuberculosis vaccines. In an attempt to identify putative virulence factors of the tubercle bacilli, genes that are absent from the avirulent M. ...

The recognition of autophagy as an immune mechanism has been affirmed in recent years. One of the model systems that has helped in the development of our current understanding of how autophagy and more traditional immunity systems cooperate in defense against intracellular pathogens is macrophage infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis is a highly significant human pathogen that ...

Alterations in neuronal connectivity of the mature central nervous system (CNS) appear to depend on a delicate balance between growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting molecules. To begin to address a potential role of the secreted chemorepulsive protein semaphorin(D)III/collapsin-1 (semaIII/coll-1) in structural plasticity during adulthood, we used high-resolution nonradioactive in situ ...

The 2002 discovery of a robust modern human mandible in the Pe?tera cu Oase, southwestern Romania, provides evidence of early modern humans in the lower Danubian Corridor. Directly accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (¹⁴C)-dated to 34,000�36,000 ¹⁴C years B.P., the Oase 1 mandible is the oldest definite early modern human specimen in Europe and ...

Two hundred twenty-nine consecutive isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Guinea-Bissau, which is located in West Africa, were analyzed for clonal origin by biochemical typing and DNA fingerprinting. By using four biochemical tests (resistance to thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide, niacin production, nitrate reductase ...

The distribution of cell bodies expressing either calbindin D-28k or parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the basal forebrain and midbrain of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) was studied on contiguous sections incubated with monoclonal antibodies raised against calbindin or parvalbumin. In the nucleus accumbens, medium-sized calbindin-positive neurons formed two cell bridges joining the ventral part ...

Visually guided behaviors require the brain to extract features of the visual world and to integrate them in a context-specific manner. Hymenopteran insects have been prime models for ethological research into visual behaviors for decades but knowledge about the underlying central processing is very limited. This is particularly the case for sky-compass navigation. To learn more about central ...

Orobanche spp. (broomrapes) are holoparasites lacking in chlorophyll and totally dependent on their host for their supply of nutrients. O. crenata is a severe constraint to legumes cultivation and breeding for resistance remains as one of the best available methods of control. However, little is known about the basis of host resistance to broomrapes. It is a multicomponent event, and resistance ...

In this paper we describe a procedure that enables the identification of species of infective third stage (L(3)) Trichostrongylus larvae. Lambs were infected with putatively monospecific infections of three species of Trichostrongylus commonly found in New Zealand (T. axei, T. colubriformis and T. vitrinus) and Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta. After recovering L(3) from faecal cultures, the ...

We report a case of en bloc avulsion fracture of tibial tuberosity and Gerdy's tubercle, which has never been reported. A 14-year-old boy suffered from an acute pain in his left knee during running just before a jump. Simple radiographs showed an avulsion of the tibial tuberosity. On CT scans, the fractured fragment was attached not only to patellar tendon but also to ...

Sweeney, Edward E. (University of California, Los Angeles) and Gregory J. Jann. Utilization of carbohydrates and polyhydric alcohols by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 84:459�465. 1962.�A new procedure, using a massive inoculum and nongrowth basal medium, was employed for testing carbohydrate and polyhydric alcohol utilization by human tubercle bacilli. A ...

The thyroid has many anatomic variations. Zuckerkandl's tubercle (ZT) is the posterior extension of lateral lobes. ZT has a relation with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). RLN lateral to ZT is an uncommon occurrence. This paper presents two cases of this uncommon situation. A 60-year-old female patient with large multinodular goiter was treated with total thyroidectomy. A ...

A five-year old, spayed female, Bearded Collie was presented with a 24-hour history of non-weight-bearing lameness of the right thoracic limb after sustaining vehicular trauma. Radiographs revealed a craniolateral scapulohumeral luxation and a distally and medially displaced fracture of the lesser tubercle of the humerus. Open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture ...

Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is an important but avoidable complication of thyroidectomy. This complication may be avoided by the identification of the nerve facilitated by important landmarks found along its course. The setting for this work is the Human Anatomy Laboratory of the University of Nairobi. The aim of this work is to determine the topographic relationship of the RLN ...

The aim of this study was to present the different surgical procedures of tibial tubercle osteotomies for patellar instability or patellar mispositioning such as patella alta or patella infera. This study analysed the Caton�Deschamps index used for assessment of vertical patella height in order to make a precise plan for tibial tuberosity osteotomies. This study included 61 ...

BackgroundTibial Tubercle Osteotomy has shown much promise in revision total knee replacement. Methods of repair previously described include screw and wire fixation. Both methods have significant complications.MethodsThis article describes suture fixation of the osteotomy using Ethibond sutures placed medially with a lateral periosteal hinge.ResultsThis method of fixation ...

The dart of Eremina ehrenbergi is a small white delicate structure. It consists of funnel-shaped corona with two blades; a short flare and an extended shaft which is surrounded by two lateral vanes. Dart formation was investigated by examining the histological structure of the dart sac of snails before and after copulation. Dart sac is a finger like muscular protrusion. Its internal epithelial ...

In a considerable proportion of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis there is no spontaneous expectoration, especially in female patients and patients under collapse treatment. A simple and efficient method is described to obtain suitable material for bacteriological examination in these cases. A laryngeal swab, made up from a piece of wire with cotton-wool wrapped round its end, is passed down the ...

This study from the Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Centre, Madras, compares patients infected with isoniazid-resistant tubercle bacilli (�R� patients) with those infected with isoniazid-sensitive tubercle bacilli (�S� patients) as regards, first, their pretreatment status and, secondly, their response to a year's chemotherapy, either with isoniazid plus ...

This study examines stress transmitted to anatomic landmarks of the knee (patella, combined patella tendon and tibial tubercle) while in static kneeling postures without kneepads and while wearing two kneepads commonly worn in the mining industry. Ten subjects (7 male, 3 female) simulated postures utilized in low-seam mines: kneeling in full flexion; kneeling at 90� of knee ...

The prevalence and features of 3 types of exostoses commonly encountered during periodontal surgery were studied in a sample of 328 modern American skulls drawn from the collection at the American Museum of Natural History. Measurements were made of the height, width, and breadth of exostoses. The relationship to teeth or other skeletal structures was also recorded. Palatal ...

Genital tubercles of 70 newborn male and female rats were transplated into the brains of unrelated infant rats. Seven other tubercles were placed subcutaneously. All female, and some male, hosts were injected with testosterone propionate. After surviving from 2-24 days,, histological study of 49 successful grafts showed survival of the urethral and ...

Lyon, Richard H. (Veterans Administration Hospital, Minneapolis, Minn.), Herman C. Lichstein, and Wendell H. Hall. Effect of Tween 80 on the growth of tubercle bacilli in aerated cultures. J. Bacteriol. 86:280-284. 1963.-The effect of Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate), glucose, and glycerol on aerated and stationary growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain ...

The tubercles of Anredera leptostachys are used as an antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory in the popular medicine of the Caribbean basin. In the present work, the anti-nociceptive and central nervous system depressant (CNS) effects of the methanolic extract from the tubercles of A. leptostachys have been evaluated. The antinociceptive activity was ...

BACKGROUND: Complex tibial plateau fractures can be difficult to characterise on plain radiographs and two-dimensional computed tomography (2D CT). The present study evaluated whether three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) reconstructions can improve the reliability of complex tibial plateau fracture characterisation and classification. METHODS: ...