The y-1 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is defective in the conversion of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide in the dark. Aerobic ?-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) feeding of y-1 cells causes protoporphyrin monomethyl ester (PME) to accumulate in addition to increased levels of Pchlide. y-1 cell homogenates are not capable of methylating ...
PubMed Central
In this report we describe two nonallelic Mendelian protoporphyrin accumulating mutants brs-1 and brc-1. Results of experiments with these mutants lead us to postulate that porphyrin biosynthesis branches into light and dark steps between protoporphyrin-IX and magnesium ...
... dimethylsulphoxide on 5-aminolevulinic acid in vitro cutaneous permeation and in vivo protoporphyrin IX accumulation determined by ... ...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
Mg-chelatase catalyses the first step unique to chlorophyll synthesis, namely the insertion of magnesium into protoporphyrin IX. When pea (Pisum sativum L., cv. Spring) chloroplasts are lysed in a buffer lacking magnesium and the thylakoids removed by cen...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Intact developing chloroplasts isolated from greening cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var Beit Alpha) cotyledons were found to contain all the enzymes necessary for the synthesis of chlorophyllide. Glutamate was converted to Mg-protoporphyrin IX (monomethyl ester) and protoclorophyllide. ?-Aminolevulinic acid and protoporphyrin IX were converted to ...
Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX chelatase (Mg-chelatase) is located at the branchpoint of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, at which point protoporphyrin IX is distributed for the synthesis of chlorophyll and heme. We investigated the regulatory contribution of Mg-chelatase to the flow of metabolites. In plants, the enzyme complex consists of three subunits, ...
Substrate channeling between the enzymatic steps in the (bacterio)chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway catalyzed by magnesium chelatase (BchI/ChlI, BchD/ChlD and BchH/ChlH subunits) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine:magnesium-protoporphyrin IX O-methyltransferase (BchM/ChlM) has been suggested. This involves delivery of magnesium-protoporphyrin ...
PubMed
A procedure was developed whereby haem was taken up by dark-grown cells of the unicellular rhodophyte Cyanidium caldarium. These cells were subsequently incubated either in the dark with 5-aminolaevulinate, which results in excretion of phycocyanobilin into the suspending medium or incubated in the light, which results in synthesis and accumulation of phycocyanin and ...
?-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced porphyrin accumulation is widely used in the treatment of cancer, as photodynamic therapy. To clarify the mechanisms of the tumor-preferential accumulation of protoporphyrin, we examined the effect of the expression of heme-biosynthetic and -degradative enzymes on the ALA-induced ...
To gain insight into the chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling role of tetrapyrroles, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants in the Mg-chelatase that catalyzes the insertion of magnesium into protoporphyrin IX were isolated and characterized. The four mutants lack chlorophyll and show reduced levels of Mg-tetrapyrroles but increased levels of soluble heme. In the ...
When grown in short day conditions and at low light, leaves of Arabidopsis plants with mutations in the genes encoding two plastidial ATP/ADP transporters (so-called null mutants) spontaneously develop necrotic lesions. Under these conditions, the mutants also display light-induced accumulation of H(2)O(2) and constitutive expression of genes for copper/zinc superoxide ...
1. Two mutant strains of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, which are blocked in the synthesis of bacteriochlorophyll, accumulate pigments. These have been tentatively identified as magnesium 2,4-divinylphaeoporphyrin a5 monomethyl ester and the magnesium derivative of 2-devinyl-2-hydroxyethyl-phaeophorbid a, formed by ...
Preferential accumulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid- induced protoporphyrin IX in breast cancer for margin detection in commonly diagnosed breast cancer subtypes. Fluorescence intensity of PpIX in untreated and ALA-treated normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cell lines of varying estrogen
E-print Network
Protoporphyria is a genetic disorder in which liver damage is caused by the toxic effect of protoporphyrin accumulation in the liver. In this study protoporphyrin was measured in the resected livers of 7 patients who had liver transplantation and an additional patient from whom liver tissue was obtained post mortem. Comparison of ...
Exogenous ?-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used in the treatment of cancer. To obtain a high efficacy of ALA-PDT, we have screened various chemicals affecting ALA-induced accumulation of protoporphyrin in cancerous cells. When HeLa cells were treated with quinolone chemicals including enoxacin, ciprofloxacin or ...
Corn (Zea mays, L.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) grown under iron deficiency, and Potamogeton pectinatus L, and Potamogeton nodosus Poir. grown under oxygen deficiency, contained less chlorophyll than the controls, but accumulated Mg-protoporphyrin IX and/or ...
Zinc protoporphyrin is the predominant fluorescent porphyrin accumulating in erythocytes as a result of chronic lead absorption or iron-deficiency anemia. Although diagnostic concentrations or thresholds for it in erythocytes have been inferred, normal adult averages have not been established. We quantitatively assessed average zinc ...
Energy Citations Database
The metal ion-induced inhibition of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis was studied in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. The accumulation of protoporphyrin and Mg protoporphyrin due to the effect of Co/sup 2 +/ and Mn/sup 2 +/ treatment, respectively, pointed to two different sites of inhibition. 13 references, 5 figures.
A novel series of boronated porphyrins for potential use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for tumor suppression is described. Protoporphyrin IX {i.e., bis(alpha-methyl-beta-pentylethylether)protoporphyrin IX, and bis(alpha-methyl-beta-dodecanylethylether)protoporphyrin IX} bearing polyhedral borane ...
... Title : QUASI-STATIC AND FATIGUE DAMAGE ACCUMULATION IN A NICALON-LITHIUM MAGNESIUM ALUMINOSILICATE COMPOSITE ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... was taken for the volumes occupied by magnetic stirring bars. Compartment temperatures were kept constant at 37° ... by vacuum filtration through an HPLC filter. Continuous stirring was provided by Teflon-...
... is transported into adenocarcinoma cells by system BETA transporters. Photochem. Photobiol 71:640�647. CrossRef, PubMed, CSAGederaas, ... ...
... IX accumulation: a study in patients with (pre)malignant lesions in the oesophagus. Br. J. Cancer 78:697�682. Aalders, M. C G., N. ... ...
... al. [13]), which does not hold true for colon cancer cell lines. Heme is formed physiologically out of ... exogenous ALA. Our data using excess ALA on colon cancer and fibroblast cell lines indicate that ...
Lanthanoids (Ln) were demonstrated to improve chlorophyll formation and the growth of plants. But the mechanism of the fact that Ln promotes chlorophyll biosynthesis of plants is poorly understood. The main aim of the study was to determine Ln effects in chlorophyll formation of maize under magnesium (Mg) deficiency. Maize plants were cultivated in Hoagland's solution. They ...
In mammals, the open tetrapyrrole bilirubin (structure 2, Fig. 1) is the principal degradation product of iron-protoporphyrin-IX (heme). The latter molecule is a tetrapyrrolic macrocycle and plays a critical role in aerobic metabolism by reversibly binding oxygen in hemoglobin and myoglobin, and by serving as the active site in oxidation reactions catalyzed by hemoprotein ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium vibrioforme contains two types of bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl). The minor pigment, Bchl a, is associated primarily with the cell membrane and its reaction centers; and the major light-harvesting antenna pigment, Bchl d, is found primarily in the chlorosomes, which are attached to the inner surface of the cell membrane. Anesthetic gases, such as N2O, ethylene, ...
1. We have studied the kinetics of the conversion of 5-aminolaevulinate into haem and haem precursors in homogenates of livers of rats and chick embryos. Homogenates of fresh liver from both species efficiently convert 5-aminolaevulinate into haem. After frozen storage for 1 year, homogenates of rat, but not chick, liver have decreased rates of formation of haem with ...
Heme and bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl) biosyntheses share the same pathway to protoporphyrin IX, which then branches as follows. Fe(2+) chelation into the macrocycle by ferrochelatase results in heme formation, and Mg(2+) addition by Mg-chelatase commits the porphyrin to BChl synthesis. It was recently discovered that a bchD (Mg-chelatase) mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides ...
Semi-dominant Oil yellow1 (Oy1) mutants of maize (Zea mays) are deficient in the conversion of protoporphyrin IX to magnesium protoporphyrin IX, the first committed step of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Using a candidate gene approach, a cDNA clone was isolated that was predicted to encode the I subunit of magnesium ...
Three separate proteins, BchD, BchH, and BchI, together with ATP, insert magnesium into protoporphyrin IX. An analysis of ATP utilization by the subunits revealed the following: BchH catalyzed ATP hydrolysis at the rate of 0.9 nmol per min per mg of protein. BchI and BchD, tested individually, had no ATPase activity but, when combined, hydrolyzed ATP at ...
The acid-basic centers of heterogeneous carriers of catalase, peroxidase, and monooxigenase biomimetics, in particular, iron protoporphyrin deposited on active or neutral aluminum magnesium silicate, were studied. The catalytic activity of biomimetics was stabilized, which allowed us not only to synthesize fairly effective biomimetics but also to clarify ...
The distribution of MgO and titanium compounds in the electrolyte and on the working surface of the cathode in the passivating deposit, their accumulation on the bottom of the electrolyzer as function of time, and the current efficiency of magnesium as function of impurities in the electrolyte have been investigated. It is shown that 94% of titanium ...
Administration of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) leads to porphyrin accumulation in malignant and premalignant tissues, and ALA is used as a prodrug in photodynamic therapy (PDT). To understand the mechanism of porphyrin accumulation after the administration of ALA and to investigate whether ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX might be a ...
... Photobiology ...
The green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium vibrioforme contains two types of bacteriochlorophll (Bchl). The minor pigment, Bchl a, is associated primarily with the cell membrane and its reaction centers; and the major light-harvesting antenna pigment, Bchl d, is found primarily in the chlorosomes, which are attached to the inner surface of the cell membrane. Anesthetic gases, such as N{sub 2}O, ...
Ferrochelatase (FeCH) catalyzes the insertion of Fe(2+) into protoporphyrin, forming protoheme. In photosynthetic organisms, FeCH and magnesium chelatase lie at a biosynthetic branch point where partitioning down the heme and chlorophyll (Chl) pathways occurs. Unlike their mammalian, yeast, and other bacterial counterparts, cyanobacterial and algal FeCHs ...
Ferrochelatase (FeCH) catalyzes the insertion of Fe2+ into protoporphyrin, forming protoheme. In photosynthetic organisms, FeCH and magnesium chelatase lie at a biosynthetic branch point where partitioning down the heme and chlorophyll (Chl) pathways occurs. Unlike their mammalian, yeast, and other bacterial counterparts, ...
The endogenous photosensitizer 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a haem precursor and induces the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in mitochondria-containing cells. Due to the slow conversion of porphyrins to haem, high levels of PPIX are found in the tissues, sufficient to produce a photodynamic effect following exposure to light. Since PpIX accumulates ...
Four mutants (pop-1, pop-6, pop-10, and pop-14) which accumulate a red water-insoluble pigment were obtained in Escherichia coli K-12 AB1621. For each mutant, the red pigment was shown to be protoporphyrin IX, a late precursor of heme. Mutagenic treatment of mutant pop-1 yielded a secondary mutant, pop-1 sec-20, which accumulated a ...
In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) root cells, activity for oxidizing protoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin (protoporphyrinogen oxidase), a step in chlorophyll and heme synthesis, was found both in the crude mitochondrial fraction and in a plasma membrane enriched fraction separated by a sucrose gradient technique utilized for preparing plasma membranes. The specific activity ...
The hemH gene of Escherichia coli encodes ferrochelatase (EC 4.99.1.1), the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the production of heme, namely the synthesis of heme from protoporphyrin IX plus Fe2+. The behavioral responses to light were studied in E. coli carrying a hemH mutation. It was shown that the hemH mutant displayed a tumbling response upon illumination and a ...
Protoporphyria (PP) is an inherited disorder of porphyrin metabolism in man in which there is excessive accumulation and excretion of protoporphyrin. Recently, a similar disorder has been described in cattle. In this report, the clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of bovine and human PP are compared. Human and bovine PP are characterized by ...
Magnesium was found to accumulate in cross bands of myocytes due to myofibrillar degeneration in the context of myocardial lesions and was also detected from contraction bands in injured fibres of duck feather muscles. Relevant findings were based on histochemical detection of magnesium with quinalizarin, magnesone, and titan-yellow. ...
Fluorescence detected magnetic resonance (FDMR) spectra detected at 596 nm of zinc-substituted hemoglobins at 4.2 K show a split D-E transition, which is not observed for zinc protoporphyrins ligated by methylimidazole in glasses. Incorporation of the zinc heme into the globin pocket is also accompanied by a blue shift of the fluorescence of 20 nm at 4.2 K. FDMR spectra ...
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pith explants were grown on manganese containing medium. At moderate concentration (10 millimolar), manganese selectivity inhibited chlorophyll synthesis, resulting initially in growth of white callus. Several weeks later the white callus turned brown due to the accumulation of a pigment identified as protoporphyrin IX by its ...
Cellular total RNA level is usually stable, although it may increase gradually during growth or seed germination, or decrease gradually under environmental stresses. However, we found that plant cell RNA could be doubled within 48 h in response to herbicide-induced Mg-protoporphyrin and heme accumulation or a high level of sugar treatment. This rapid RNA ...
Both chlorophyll (Chl) a and b accumulate in the light in a Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 strain that expresses higher plant genes coding for a light-harvesting complex II protein and Chl a oxygenase. This cyanobacterial strain also lacks photosystem (PS) I and cannot synthesize Chl in darkness because of the lack of chlL. When this PS I-less/chlL(-)/lhcb(+)/cao(+) strain was ...
The photohemolysis of normal erythrocytes incubated with protoporphyrin is reduced in the presence of albumin. When globin is added to normal erythrocytes loaded with protoporphyrin, protoporphyrin is bound to globin. During irradiation protoporphyrin moves from globin to the erythrocyte membrane and photohemolysis ...
Retrograde signaling is a pathway of communication from mitochondria and plastids to the nucleus in the context of cell differentiation, development, and stress response. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the tetrapyrroles magnesium-protoporphyrin IX and heme are only synthesized within the chloroplast, and they have been implicated in the retrograde control of nuclear gene ...
Magnesium has the potential to be used as degradable metallic biomaterial. For magnesium and its alloys to be used as biodegradable implant materials, their degradation rates should be consistent with the rate of healing of the affected tissue, and the release of the degradation products should be within the body's acceptable absorption levels. ...
... cations such as calcium and magnesium and releasing hydrogen ions (Sjors and Gunnarsson 2002). In addition, the ability of Sphagnum to accumulate nutrients in ... ...
Jun 16, 2011 ... These nutrient losses from the ecosystem can accumulate in surface waters. Keywords: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ...
Treesearch
In this study the metabolism in tumors and various tissues of intravenously administered (delta) -aminolevulinic acid was investigated. Amelanotic melanoma (A-Mel-3) were implanted in the dorsal skin of Syrian golden hamsters. Distribution and metabolism of i.v. injected (delta) -aminolevulinic acid in blood was studied by determination of (delta) - aminolevulinic acid and ...
Mg-chelatase in chloroplasts catalyzes the insertion of Mg into protoporphyrin. This step is the first in the tetrapyrrole pathway unique to chlorophyll biosynthesis. Mg-chelatase was assayed in semi-green cucumber cotyledons by an adaptation of the method of Fuesler at al, (1984) Plant Physiol. 74, 928-933. Plastid intactness was essential for Mg-chelatase activity. The ...
Cultures of chick-embryo hepatocytes were used to study the mechanism by which 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 2,4,5,3',4'-pentabromobiphenyl cause accumulation of uroporphyrin. In a previous paper, an isoenzyme of cytochrome P-450 induced by 3-methylcholanthrene had been implicated in this process [Sinclair, Bement, Bonkovsky & Sinclair (1984) Biochem. J. 222, 737-748]. ...
Incubation of 2,4-diethyl-1,2-dihydro-2-methylquinoline (DMDQ) with hepatic microsomes from rats pretreated with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile, or dexamethasone results in minor loss of the cytochrome P-450 chromophore and accumulation of a hepatic pigment. The hepatic pigment consists of the four regioisomers of N-ethylprotoporphyrin ...
