... Title : THE RADIATION DOSE ACCUMULATED BY BLOOD ... may be exposed to radiation without danger ... calculation of accumulated doses a matter ...

... R/hour, injury accumulation is a linear function of the total protracted dose. (Author). Descriptors : (*MAMMALS, *RADIATION INJURIES), GAMMA ...

...a single exempt unit, and in normal...quantities of exempt units likely to accumulate...that the external radiation dose in any one year...quantities of exempt units likely to accumulate...receive an external radiation dose or dose...

A computer program, PABLM, was written to facilitate the calculation of internal radiation doses to man from radionuclides in food products and external radiation doses from radionuclides in the environment. This report contains details of mathematical mo...

The natural environmental radiation measurements were made at 39 points of the natural environmental radiation dose rate by means of count-ratemeter and at 27 points of accumulated dose by means of the thermoluminescent dosimeters in the area of Masan dis...

These notes are directed primarily at the formulation of the accumulation of resulting cases of pulmonary malignancy with time when a dose of ionizing radiation (e.g., from airborne short-lived daughters of Rn-222) is protracted in time and when the accum...

An ultraviolet dosimeter, which indicates dose accumulation by the multicolored change of a sensitized element is disclosed. The indicated doses are readily observed in bright sunlight by direct comparison with standards.

as a result of radioactive materials entering the body through either inhalation, ingestion or absorption. Once inside the body, the radioactive material accumulates in...

The effects of ionizing radiation on the genotype of human lymphocytes are studied to estimate the risks on the organism. The blood of 22 healthy persons exposed to increased radiation was monitored. Accumulated doses, increased in time, have an effect on...

Young female mice (RF) were exposed continuously throughout life to Co/ sup 60/ gamma rays at 10 different dose rates. Mean survival time (MST) and mean accumulated dose (MAD) were observed. The MST decreased in an exponential manner with increasing dose rate, while the MAD indicated that at the higher ...

The radiosensitivity of the secondary tetanus antitoxin response in mice was demonstrated after rather low doses of continuous gamma -radiation given at a dose rate of 4 rep/hr. Accumulated doses of 48 to 288 rep depressed antitoxin formation. Comparable doses of ...

In this report, radiation doses to organs are calculated as a function of the particle size of the inhaled radioactive material. Aerosols with an Activity Median Aerodynamic Diameter (AMAD) from 0.1 mu m to 20 mu m are considered and doses accumulated by ...

A pocket type personal dosimeter with selectable dose alarm points is described. The dosimeter uses digital integration to measure the accumulated radiation dose and an audible alarm is provided when a preselected dose has been exceeded. In addition, test...

Persons traveling in space can accumulate fairly large doses of radiation, up to several Sv, at low-to-moderate dose rates. In general these dose rates are low enough so that deterministic effects can be avoided, although shielding may be necessary. An im...

A new approach to analysis of the radiation resistance of MOS transistors is proposed, which takes into account both the accumulation of a radiation-induced charge on the surface states and in the volume of oxide and the relaxation processes involving thermal and tunneling leakage of the accumulated charge. The ...

... that HeLa cells require a high dose of radiation for detection of PA200 nuclear foci (12). In our hands, HeLa cells exposed to lower doses of radiation (1�10 Gy) did not show accumulation of ... ...

... Abstract : Significant accumulation of radiation injury in sheep continuously irradiated (Cobalt 60) at dose rates of less than 1 R/hr has been ...

Radioisotope Heater Units (RHUs) and Variable RHUs would also be used for the same reason. ... the spacecraft accumulating an estimated radiation dose of ...

... criteria (time, pressure, temperature range); d. Accumulated ... levels (if applicable), and radiation dose (if ... iii) Limit of detection that the method can ...

... By combining high Z nanoparticles (such as gold) with x-rays ... the dose enhancement was quantified based on nanoparticle accumulation within a ...

... The effects of Cobalt 60 gamma radiation on good ... investigated in some detail for accumulated doses up to ... were produced in the failed units than in ...

The report describes the program to investigate the mechanisms of transient radiation effects on thin-film passive components. The effects under study included secondary emission effects, radiation-induced conductivity, memory and accumulated dose effects...

systems. The first is a PIN diode radiation monitoring system mounted directly on the ends was 142 weeks. During that time the total accumulated radiation dose measured by the beampipe PIN diode on these numbers and the expected radiation hardness of the SVX readout electronics the detector ...

systems. The first is a PIN diode radiation monitoring system mounted directly on the ends was 142 weeks. During that time the total accumulated radiation dose measured by the beampipe PIN diode on these numbers and the expected radiation hardness of the SVX readout electronics the detector ...

Experiments with repeated x irradiation of Tillina magna cysts indicate that there is a decrease in the number of divisions with higher present doses of radiation, both when these doses have been preceded by one or more radiation exposures and when they have not. Since previous dose ...

This paper is based on work done on accumulated career doses. The data are taken from the National Dose Registry and consist of accumulated doses to the monitored workforce from the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, and 1990. Four broad occupational categories are analyzed: medicine, nuclear power, ...

The known major radiations (including primary cosmic, trapped, and solar flare radiations) encountered outside the Earth's atmosphere are described. Interactions of primary cosmic radiation in the atmosphere are considered and primary cosmic radiation dose is estimated. An ...

Results of an investigation of professional radiation burden in 1959 and 1960 are presented. Methods of evaluating the radiation doses are described. Accumulated doses were measured by film dosimeters and average monthly values were calculated. Sources of radiation ...

The Radiological Environment Modeling System (REMS) quantifies dose to humans working in radiological environments using the IGRIP (Interactive Graphical Robot Instruction Program) and Deneb/ERGO simulation software. These commercially available products are augmented with custom C code to provide radiation exposure information to, and collect ...

This technical report documents the software package CRRESRAD developed by the Phillips Laboratory. CRRESRAD is a utility that predicts satellite dose accumulation behind different thicknesses of aluminum hemispheres for specified orbits. Dose accumulation is predicted by using empirical dose ...

Experiments examined the effects of radiation dose-rate and protein synthesis inhibition expression of cytoskeletal and matrix elements in Syrian hamster embryo cells. Results demonstrated little effect of dose-rate for neutrons when comparing expression of {alpha}-tubulin and fibronectin genes. Cycloheximide repressed ...

... and the total accumulated dose with continuous low-dose-rate radiation exposure have not been well investigated. Epidemiological studies of ... be repaired during medium-dose-rate or low-dose-rate radiati...

Since integral radiation doses are important in the causation of cancers, this article proposes that everyone should carry a dosimeter that stores accumulated information over many decades. It is further noted that tooth enamel can serve as such a dosimeter. Ionizing radiation produces carbonate radicals, with a ...

Data are presented on the sensitivity of the nervous system to radiation. It is shown that the action of ionizing radiation on the nervous system, even in very low doses, could accumulate and, thus, create long-term alternative processes. On the basis of the facts the authors presume that the limits of ...

The radiation dose rates at flight altitudes may be hazardously increased during solar cosmic ray events. Within the scope of this paper we investigate the total accumulated radiation doses, i.e. the contribution of galactic and solar cosmic rays, during the two extreme solar cosmic ray events ...

Current recommendations for limiting exposure to ionizing radiation are based on the linear-no-threshold (LNT) model for radiation carcinogenesis under which every dose, no matter how low, carries with it some cancer risk. In this review, epidemiological evidences are discussed that the LNT hypothesis is incorrect at low ...

Recent studies have demonstrated preferential accumulation of nanoparticles within tumor. By combining high Z nanoparticles (such as gold) with x-rays from a conventional CT scanner, a significant radiation dose enhancement is possible. In this study, the...

Progress in the following areas directly related to nuclear waste management is summarized: (1) a radiation protection system based on risk per rad of dose; (2) assessment of the accumulation and biological significance of industrial waste discharges and ...

Modern techniques have made it possible to divert a portion of the circulating blood through a shunt outside the body--for example in heart-lung machines, artificial kidneys, and coiled tubes where the blood may be exposed to radiation without danger to b...

The radiation dose to workers at nuclear power stations (NPSs) in Japan was drastically reduced between the late-1970s and the early-1990s by continuous dose-reduction programmes. The total collective dose of radiation workers in FY 2008 was 84.04 person Sv, while the average collective ...

Thermoluminescence (TL) dating is based on accumulating the natural radiation dose in the material of a dated artefact (brick, pottery, etc.), and comparing the dose accumulated during the lifetime of the object with the dose rate within the sample collected for TL ...

Scattered doses, e.g. neutron doses in proton therapy, are of concern in radiation therapy. Although measured data are the gold standard, Monte Carlo simulations allow a more realistic consideration of patient anatomy via whole-body phantoms. When calculating neutron doses with Monte Carlo techniques, the ...

The effects of repeated single doses of 5 rads of x rays on the growth of HeLa cells are reported. It was concluded from the experiments that doses as low as 5 rads can significantly affect the growth pattern of HeLa cells. However, it appears that a certain minimum amount of radiation must be accumulated ...

It is well known that urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activates fibrinolysis of tumor cells and accelerates their metastasis and invasion. Human adenosquamous cell line, AOI cells, were stimulated to produce and accumulate of uPA by radiation. In AOI cells, there was relationship between uPA production and accumulation and ...

The authors consider degree of radiation danger in exploitation of devices using radio isotopes in research departments of Moscow and the region. The radiation doses accumulated by the staffers using all types of the devices do not exceed the main dose limit for B category (maximum 0.5 rem ...

The low earth orbit radiation environment has two significant characteristics that make laboratory simulation exposures difficult: (1) a low dose rate and (2) many cycles of low-dose accumulation followed by dose-free annealing. Hardness-assurance considerations for this environment are ...

Deinococcus radiodurans is extremely resistant to ionizing radiation. How this bacterium can grow under chronic gamma-radiation (50 Gy/hour) or recover from acute doses greater than 10 kGy is unknown. We show that D. radiodurans accumulates very high intracellular manganese and low iron levels compared to ...

A comparison of radiation damage and radiation dose in the proximal haIf of the tibia of weanling rabbits following a single injection of Sr/sup 90/ at two dose levels, 100 and 600 gamma c/kg, was made in animals killed at various time intervals up to six months later. An attempt was made to quantitate the ...

and external, to determine the total gamma dose which had accumulated as a result of the accident. The criteria is the TL measurement of total accrued dose, A is the sample age, R~ is the alpha dose rate, R~ is the beta dose rate, R; is the gamma dose rate, and R x is the ...

Conventional radiotherapy uses multiple fractional doses each of which is small enough that cell killing occurs predominantly through ''single events''. If cellular survival from each fraction were plotted on a single dose-survival curve, it would be within the shoulder region. The initial slope, and the ...

Calculations were made of the radiation dose accumulated by body tissues in 13 weeks and in 50 years due to the inhalation or injection through a wound of one microcurie of any of 226 radionuclides listed in the sales catalog. The FORTRAN IBM-704 program used in the calculations is included. (C.H.)

The actual distribution of radiation dose accumulated in normal tissues over the complete course of radiation therapy is, in general, poorly quantified. Differences in the patient anatomy between planning and treatment can occur gradually (e.g., tumor regression, resolution of edema) or relatively rapidly (e.g., ...

The actual distribution of radiation dose accumulated in normal tissues over the complete course of radiation therapy is, in general, poorly quantified. Differences in the patient anatomy between planning and treatment can occur gradually (e.g., tumor regression, resolution of edema) or relatively rapidly (e.g., ...

A computer program, PABLM, was written to facilitate the calculation of internal radiation doses to man from radionuclides in food products and external radiation doses from radionuclides in the environment. This report contains details of mathematical models used and calculational procedures required to run the ...

... EFFECTS OF HIGH RADIATION DOSE ON THE ... EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON COMPONENT ... TRANSDUCERS AND UNITS MANUFACTURED IN ...

An enhanced low dose rate effect (ELDRE) was observed in the radiation-sensitive field effect transistors (RADFETs) developed by the National Microelectronics Research Centre (NMRC) for a low total accumulated dose of less than �45 Gy in silicon, or 45 Gy(Si). The effect was seen to persist even after�8 days of ...

A modified split-dose technique was used to measure the accumulation of injury during protracted exposures of the domestic sheep to Cobalt-60 gamma radiation. An initial or conditioning exposure of 165 R was given at 0.5, 0.95, 1.85, and 3.94 R/hr, and th...

The paper describes the procedure of estimating total radiation risk to crewmembers during lifetime and possible lifetime reduction in consequence of participation in the Mir and ISS missions in different periods of the solar activity. The procedure includes analysis of data of vehicle and personal dosimetry, and calculations of radiation ...

The effect of 14.5 MeV electrons on neuronal calcium accumulation was studied in nerve ending particles (synaptosomes) prepared from homogenates of whole rat brain. Irradiation of synaptosomes with doses of 50, 100, and 500 Gy did not result in significant changes in calcium accumulation when measured 3, 7, and 17 min after termination ...

KEPRI developed a portable (gamma) radiation alarm monitor with a measuring range of 0.01-100 mR/h, which can give off both audible and visible alarm signal at a preset level. Dose rate, accumulated dose, etc can be retrieved at a personal computer for th...

Investigations concerning the relevant properties of commercial semiconductor diodes such as their sensitivity and its dependence on accumulated dose, dose rate, energy, temperature and direction have been made in order to obtain their usefullness as radi...

Results are reported from the study of the microdistribution of Pu-239 and Am-241 in rat bones and the determination of alpha radiation dose accumulated in the tissues in microscopic amounts by automated particle track counting of autoradiograms of bone t...

The author has investigated the biokinetics of Ag in animal experiments with rats and tries to transfer the findings to humans. The main finding of the investigation was that sup(110m)Ag is accumulated mainly in the liver and the lungs. The high accumulat...

Radiolytically degraded TBP-n-paraffins solvent was used in the laboratory flow-sheet to study the influence of radiation exposure on decontamination of uranium. The influence of accumulated doses on extraction, scrubbing and stripping of uranium and some...

Cellular damage and repair are discussed with regard to inactivation models, dose-effect curves and cancer research, repair relative to damage accumulation, potentially lethal damage, repair of potentially lethal vs. sublethal damage, cell killing and DNA...

Effects of irradiation of bone from internally deposited radioisotopes are considered. Problems encountered in measurement of the absorbed radiation dose and assessing damage in bone are also considered. The calculated accumulated dose can only be approximate, and to estimate it over a long period of time ...

Individual monitoring regulations in Switzerland are based on the ICRP60 recommendations. The annual limit of 20 mSv for the effective dose applies to the sum of external and internal radiation. External radiation is monitored monthly or quarterly with TLD, DIS or CR-39 dosemeters by 10 approved external dosimetry services and reported ...

... Abstract : ;Contents: Interaction between radiation and tissue; Radiation quantities and units; Radiation quality and dose equivalent; History of dose ...

... Radiation Doses of Chernobyl Liquidators by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance A ove, reieosU ... Radiation Doses of Chernobyl Liquidators by ...

... TEST AND EVALUATION, RADIATION, RADIATION DOSAGE, SURVIVABILITY, TEST METHODS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, DOSE RATE, TEST ...

A simple, inexpensive dosimeter was designed for indicating when a material under treatment has been exposed to a predetermined amount of radiation and/or when an accumulated dose has been reached. The dosimeter comprises a transparent capsule containing a liquid monomer which is transformed into a solid polymer upon exposure ...

The prime concern of radiation protection policy since 1959 has been to protect DNA from damage. In 1994 the United Nations Scientific Community on the Effects of Atomic Radiation focused on biosystem response to radiation with its report Adaptive Responses to Radiation of Cells and Organisms. The 1995 National ...