It is well documented that neurons exposed to high concentrations of excitatory amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate, degenerate and die. The clearance of these amino acids from the synaptic cleft depends mainly on their transport by high-affinity sodium-dependent carriers. Using microdialysis in vivo and HPLC analysis, we have studied the effect of the administration of inhibitors of the ...

The dicarboxylic acids malate and fumarate increase ruminal pH, reduce methane production, increase propionate and total VFA production, and reduce lactic acid accumulation in a manner similar to ionophores. The mechanism by which these acids effect the ruminal environment is reported to be through...

The dicarboxylic organic acids malate and fumarate increase ruminal pH, reduce methane production, increase propionate and total VFA production, and reduce lactic acid accumulation in a manner similar to ionophores. These acids stimulate the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium to ferment lact...

Following hemorrhagic stroke, red blood cells lyse and release neurotoxic hemin into the interstitial space. The present study investigates whether neurons can accumulate and metabolize hemin. We demonstrate that cultured neurons express the heme carrier protein 1 (HCP1), and that this transporter appears to contribute to the time- and ...

BackgroundOne pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is amyloid plaques, composed primarily of amyloid-? peptide (A?). Over-production or diminished clearance of the 42 amino acid form of A? (A?42) in the brain leads to accumulation of soluble A? and plaque formation. Soluble oligomeric A? (oA?) has recently emerged to be as a likely proximal cause of AD.ResultsHere ...

A study is presented on speciation of seawater with shrimps Crangon Crangon (L.) contaminated with cadmium in the presence and absence of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (a rough model of a chelate group of humic acids). Ultrafiltration and ion exchange Chelex columns were associated with atomic absorption (AA) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The ...

Dithiocarbamates exhibit potent metal-binding properties that have been exploited in a variety of applications, one of which is chelation therapy for heavy metal toxicity. Such therapy, however, promotes the accumulation of metals in the brain, a side effect which may result in neurotoxicity. To examine this possibility the authors used morphological and ...

The role of growth factors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease is unknown. The ?-amyloid protein accumulates abnormally in the brain in Alzheimer disease and is neurotoxic to differentiated hippocampal neurons in culture. Nerve growth factor (NGF) increased the neurotoxic potency of a ?-amyloid polypeptide by a factor of ?100,000, ...