... Title : Magnetic Resonance Mammography (MRM): A Promising Application for Fat Suppression by Phase Unwrapping in the 3-Point-Dixon Method ...

A T(2) magnetization-preparation (T(2) Prep) sequence is proposed that is insensitive to B(1) field variations and simultaneously provides fat suppression without any further increase in specific absorption rate (SAR). Increased B(1) inhomogeneity at higher magnetic field strength (B(0) > or = 3T) necessitates a preparation sequence that is less ...

Short inversion time inversion recovery (STIR) and the rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) version of STIR are commonly used pulse sequences that are sensitive enough to detect a broad range of pathologic conditions. In addition to suppressing the signal from fat, the STIR sequence achieves additive T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and proton density-weighted contrast to facilitate ...

The evaluation of myocardium characterization is an important role in cardiac MRI. The dark-blood (DB) sequence is used for non-enhanced T2-weighted myocardial images. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and optimize the DB T2WI sequence in myocardium images. We changed the parameters TE, echo train length (ETL), inversion time (TI), and fat ...

Coronary artery data acquisition with steady-state free precession (SSFP) is typically performed in a single frame in mid-diastole with a spectrally selective pulse to suppress epicardial fat signal. Data are acquired while the signal approaches steady state, which may lead to artifacts from the SSFP transient response. To avoid sensitivity to cardiac motion, an accurate trigger delay and data ...

An improved accumulator particularly adapted for use in controlling the pressure of a stream of fluid in its liquid phase is disclosed; the accumulator utilizes the fluid in its gaseous phase. The accumulator is characterized by a shell defining a pressur...

A wide variety of fat suppression and water-fat separation methods are used to suppress fat signal and improve visualization of abnormalities. This article reviews the most commonly used techniques for fat suppression and fat-water imaging including 1) chemically selective fat ...

... an ADC, a Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO), two digital multipliers, and two digital accumulators or Complex Multiplier Accumulator (CMAC). ...

... Accession Number : ADA249098. Title : Develop a Business Plan. Phase 1. Information Accumulation and Integration. Descriptive ...

nite accumulators (for the second-order loop) and dop- pler. Finally, we will show how this ... expected phase error, and the accumulator is reset. ...

Lipoma arborescens or villous lipomatous proliferation of the synovium is a rare lesion. We describe the in vivo imaging characteristics of lipoma arborescens of the knee utilizing fat suppression techniques and contrast medium administration. As expected, the lesion demonstrated signal loss when utilizing fat ...

... with water and fat suppression has been ... to respiratory intervention by measuring HMDSO spin ... a reporter molecule to measure tumor oxygenation ...

The differential diagnosis of extrahepatic abdominopelvic masses is wide. Demonstration of fat within a lesion at noninvasive imaging is an important clue for narrowing the differential diagnosis. Macroscopic fat is readily identified with both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Demonstration of microscopic fat is more difficult and may require special techniques. ...

Juvenile phase English ivy (Hedera helix L.) plants accumulate anthocyanin pigment in the hypodermis of stems and petioles, whereas genetically identical plants of the mature phase do not. The objective of this work was to assess which enzyme(s) might limit anthocyanin accumulation in mature ...

Juvenile phase English ivy (Hedera helix L.) plants accumulate anthocyanin pigment in the hypodermis of stems and petioles, whereas genetically identical plants of the mature phase do not. The objective of this work was to assess which enzyme(s) might limit anthocyanin accumulation in mature ...

A number of new techniques have been developed to enhance MR imaging of the spine. Fat-suppression techniques used in conjunction with gadolinium-based contrast material improve visualization of enhancing inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Fast spin-echo (FSE) sequences can be used to decrease imaging times, to increase resolution, or to improve signal-to-noise ratios on ...

Recent reports have indicated that depiction of the thoracic duct is possible without administration of a contrast agent using fast advanced spin echo (FASE), ECG-triggered, half-Fourier fast spin echo (FSE), by depicting blood vessels. In this study, we attempted to depict the thoracic duct using FASE, which is generally used for MR-hydrography. By varying effective echo time (effective TE), the ...

Fat-suppression techniques are useful in MR imaging to eliminate strong signals from fatty tissues that interfere with signals from adjacent areas. Various methods of fat suppression have been devised, but when suppression of fat is used in combination with contrast enhancement employing paramagnetic agents (e.g., gadopentetate ...

Solar water heater using the phase-change principle including a collector, a condenser, and an accumulator joined to form a natural circulation system, including a pressure accumulator and a vapor-release drum.

... what the name indicates: a cascade of simple integrators (accumulators) and a ... output DDS, uses a phase accumulator to obtain a series of periodic ...

After a review of the various types of heat exchanger technologies (especially the tube and plate types), an analytical and experimental study of a rotating cylinder dynamical accumulator-exchanger is presented and extended to a larger scale accumulator. ...

This report describes a sequential two-phase evaluation of the corrosion and wear resistance of ten coatings on AISI 4130 steel under conditions simulating those present in catapult accumulators and arresting gear accumulators used on aircraft carriers. I...

PurposeTo propose a new noncontrast-enhanced flow-independent angiography sequence based on balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) that produces reliable vessel contrast despite the reduced blood flow in the extremities.Materials and MethodsThe proposed technique addresses a variety of factors that can compromise the exam success including insufficient background suppression, field ...

The overall objective of this project was to develop a business plan for the perpetuation of the F.I.T./AAMTD Center after DLA funding ceases. The process of constructing the business plan was divided into three phases: Information accumulation and integr...

... Abstract : Many algae including Chlamydomonas accumulate triacylglycerols when cultures enter stationary phase leading to nutrient limitation. ...

... Since this is a single frequency measurement, the accumulation of phase over a ... UV Images in full daylight In selectable spectral windows over the ...

... PHOTONS, *PROBES, *GLASS, ADDITION, EXCITATION, EXPERIMENTAL DATA ... WORK, RELAXATION, DOPING, NEODYMIUM, IONS, PHASE ...

The paper presents data on the accumulated V-band orbital phase curves of polarization in Cygnus X-1

The diffusion coefficient of lipid molecules is usually much smaller than that of water, and it is demonstrated here how this difference can be exploited for robust fat suppression in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In contrast to the prevailing methods, diffusion-based fat suppression does not rely on chemical ...

A three-dimensional projection reconstruction pulse sequence acquires two half echoes in a steady state free precession (SSFP) scan. A method for combining the two echoes to suppress either fat or water in the reconstructed image is described includes shi...

The diffusion coefficient of lipid molecules is usually much smaller than that of water, and it is demonstrated here how this difference can be exploited for robust fat suppression in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In contrast to the prevailing methods, diffusion-based fat suppression does not rely on chemical ...

Fat-suppressed, three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (3D MRA) was performed on nine patients with 11 iliac artery stenoses following atherectomy or stent placement. The MRA accurately depicted continued patency, restenosis, or aneurysm formation when compared with immediate posttreatment conventional arteriography. Therefore MRA is accurate and can be used ...

PURPOSE: Our aim is high spatial resolution imaging of maximum intensity projection (MIP) images in renal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) by constructing a protocol for acquiring three-dimensional volume data with isotropic voxels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We eliminated water-selective excitation (WATS) and utilized effective contrast behavior between fat and water before reaching a steady ...

We report a rare case of hepatic angiomyolipoma with minimal fat content. The low fat content led to an incorrect preoperative diagnosis. A 38-year-old man who was a carrier of hepatitis B virus infection incidentally presented with a hepatic tumor. His serum alpha-fetoprotein level was normal. Ultrasonography revealed a well-circumscribed, heterogeneous hypoechoic nonencapsulated liver tumor ...

the mass accumulation of methane and gas hydrate in the pore space. Effect of overpressure on depth phase l, w Water phase or component m Methane component s Sediment phase INTRODUCTION Gas hydrate amount of methane that accumulates in either hydrate or free gas phase. In ...

Purpose: To investigate if opposed-phase T1-weighted and fat-suppressed T2-weighted liver signal intensity (SI) loss and visceral fat measurement at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and body mass index (BMI) are correlated with grade of liver steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus ...

Excess biomass accumulation and activity loss in vapor-phase bioreactors (VPBs) can lead to unreliable long-term operation. In this study, temporal and spatial variations in biomass accumulation, distribution and activity in VPBs treating toluene-contaminated air were monitored o...

The manufacture of an optical waveguide device utilizing a fast, accurate method for tuning of the output phase angle of such devices to a desired operating point. Tuning is accomplished by adjusting the accumulated phase along a waveguide arm of the devi...

An active accumulator/control reservoir was identified as a critical component of two phase heat transport systems, serving to regulate the evaporating pressure (and thus loop operating temperature) by control of the flooding level within two phase conden...

This invention relates to a latent heat accumulating greenhouse utilizing solar heat. The object of the invention is to provide a greenhouse which is simple in construction, of high efficiency for heat absorbing and capable of much absorbing and accumulating of heat. A heat accumulating chamber partitioned by transparent sheets is ...

Heart delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is an attempt to obtain intense image contrast using the null-point of normal myocardium, which changes with time. Imaging is generally conducted under breath-hold, but, if the retrospective gating method is used, it is necessary to shorten the imaging time and to fill the center of the k-space with the data in the early ...

Conventional spectral-spatial pulses used for water-selective excitation in proton-resonance-frequency (PRF-) shift MR thermometry require increased sequence length, compared to shorter wideband pulses. This is because spectral-spatial pulses are longer than wideband pulses, and the TE period starts midway through them. Therefore, for a fixed TE, one must increase sequence length to accommodate ...

The decomposition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to generate water and fat images has several applications in medical imaging, including fat suppression and quantification of visceral fat. We introduce a novel algorithm to overcome some of the problems associated with current analytical and iterative decomposition schemes. In contrast to ...

PurposeTo demonstrate accelerated imaging with artifact reduction near metallic implants and different contrast mechanisms.Materials and MethodsSlice-encoding for metal artifact correction (SEMAC) is a modified spin echo sequence that uses view-angle tilting and slice-direction phase encoding to correct both in-plane and through-plane artifacts. Standard spin echo trains and ...

Macroscopic damage and final failure of components subjected to repeated loading is preceded by microscopic damage accumulation in localized areas of the component material. The microscopic damage accumulation phase often comprises the majority of the lif...

Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of feces recycling in beef cattle diets (rations) on the digestibility of various dietary nutrients and on the accumulation of indigestible residues. Feces were refed in three successive phases based primar...

Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of feces recycling in beef cattle diets (rations) on the digestibility of various dietary nutrients and on the accumulation of indigestible residues. Feces were refed in three successive phases based primarily upon the quantity of ...

Cavity accumulation of coherent undulator synchrotron radiation emitted by a train of periodic electron bunches is investigated. Phase-matching conditions for accumulation of radiation emitted by successive bunches are analyzed and numerically confirmed. While the coherent emission of a single bunch is optimal at grazing resonance, the ...

Coherent population accumulations of multiphoton transitions induced by an ultrashort pulse train in a two-level polar molecule are investigated theoretically by solving the density-matrix equations without invoking any of the standard approximations. It is shown due to the effects of permanent dipole moments, that the population accumulation of ...

A kinetic model is presented which describes the replication of TMV-RNA and its molecular precursors. The model is based on observed rates of virus accumulation in vivo. The TMV growth curve in young, expanding, third leaves is envisioned as consisting of four discrete phases. A mathematical description is presented for the early ...

A new process called phase enhanced gas-liquid absorption has been developed in its early stage. It was found that adding another phase into the absorption system of gas/aqueous phase could enhance the absorption rate. A system with three phases was studied. In the system, gas phase was carbon ...

A new process called phase enhanced gas-liquid absorption has been developed in its early stage. It was found that adding another phase into the absorption system of gas/aqueous phase could enhance the absorption rate. A system with three phases was studied. In the system, gas phase was carbon ...

AIM: Spiculation of breast masses is usually the result of significant desmoplastic reaction. Diminished neovascularization is expected due to sparsely dispersed tumor cells within the lesion. This feature can cause differences in enhancement patterns which can cause pitfalls while evaluating MR images as well. Aim of this study is to explore the enhancement characteristics of malignant spiculated ...

In higher-field magnetic resonance imaging scanners, a spectrally selective fat saturation radiofrequency (RF) pulse does not work well because B(1) inhomogeneity increases. An adiabatic 180� pulse is used to improve nonuniform fat suppression, but requires inversion recovery time. Therefore, a new RF pulse that achieves flip angles near 90� and is ...

In order to improve the fat suppression performance of in vivo (13)C-MRS operating at 3.0 Tesla, a phantom model study was conducted using a combination of two fat suppression techniques; a set of pulses for frequency (chemical shift) selective suppression (CHESS), and spatial saturation (SAT). By optimizing the ...

PurposeTo determine whether Dixon-based fat separation techniques can provide more robust removal of lipid signals from multiple-mouse MRI acquired images than conventional frequency selective chemical saturation techniques.Materials and MethodsA two-point Dixon technique was implemented using a RARE-based pulse sequence, and techniques for multi-volume fat ...

spectrum, 1600 free induc- tion decays were accumulated with a sample spinning rate of 7 kHz. Adamantane

Solar water heater using the phase-change principle including a collector, a condenser, and a vapor release drum joined to form a natural circulation system (, including a pressure accumulator and a vapor release drum) .

Jun 26, 1997 ... Some of this paper contains the documentation needed to understand and ... The accumulation of paper has led to two significant problems. ...

in a variety of closed-loop systems in the ISS and to ..... of heat pipes, loop heat pipes (LHP), and capillary pumped ..... oscillation and phase accumulation within ...

... FIT's Edward C. Blum Design Laboratory houses the world's largest collection of swatches, costumes and accessories from the 17th century to I ...

... with colcemid to accumulate mitosis before harvesting ... in blood lymphocytes after G2 phase x irradiation ... DNA from almost any individual, required for ...

Rates of accumulation of immunoglobulin proteins have been determined using flow cytometry and population balance equations for exponentially growing murine hybridoma cells in the individual G1, S and G2+M cell cycle phases. A producer cell line that secretes monoclonal antibodies, and a nonproducer clone that synthesizes only kappa-light chains were ...

... within the archipelago or the source population. Infrequent phases of secondary ... concerning mechanism represented by the lineage accumulation curve ... ...

... of mechanisms that stabilize the hot-electron plasma during the energy accumulation phase when the density of hot electrons is rapidly increased ...

PurposeTo evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining tumor necrosis and contrast-enhanced MRI using gadoxetic acid disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA) in determining maximum tumor size measurement and tumor delineation compared with criterion-standard histologic measurements in the rabbit VX2 liver tumor model.Materials and MethodsVX2 tumors were implanted in the ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities for long term heat storage of phase change materials and to determine the choice criterions for storage materials when using their supercooling properties: calorimetric and thermal conductivity da...

The instrument accumulates any desired multiple of 360 degree increments of the phase of underwater sound waves, referenced to an arbitrary zero time, by algebraically processing the quadrature analog outputs of a single cycle phasemeter. The result is a ...

Learning is not a simple unitary process. In this paper we identify three qualitatively different phases of the learning process. In one phase, the learner acquires facts and information, accumulating more structures onto the already existing knowledge st...

Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate has been identified in the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. The addition of reduced carbon compounds to the growth medium was not required for poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate accumulation. Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate accumulated during exponential growth to 6% of the total dry weight and then decreased during the stationary ...

A rotary internal combustion engine is described with four vanes carried by a rotor engaging an internal oval housing surface to define four chambers that orbit the rotor axis. Two of the chambers, diametrically opposed, are operated as working chambers on a four -phase internal combustion engine basis in phase with each other. Supercharging is continued ...

The paper provides a procedure for and the results of the mathematical modeling of an optimum heat accumulator with phase change which operates with periodic recharging from a solar energy concentrator. Calculations have been carried out for two types of heat transfer media with laminar and turbulent flow conditions of the media. Heat ...

The Positron Accumulator Ring (PAR) is designed to accumulate and damp positrons from the 450-MeV linac during the 0.5-s cycle time of the injector synchrotron for the APS 7-GeV storage ring. During 0.4 s of each synchrotron cycle, up to 24 linac pulses are injected into the horizontal phase space of the PAR at a 60-Hz rate. Each ...

When the Run2 collider program is terminated in 2009, the present pbar source will be available for other usages. One possible application is to convert the Antiproton Accumulator to a proton accumulator so that the beam power from the Main Injector could be greatly enhanced [1]. The Accumulator has the unique feature of very large ...

The result of investigation and comparison of a series of transverse phase space painting schemes for the injection of SNS accumulator ring [1] is reported. In this computer simulation study, the focus is on the creation of closed orbit bumps that give desired distributions at the target. Space charge effects such as tune shift, emittance growth and beam ...

Single-cell rates of accumulation of cellular protein have been determined as a function of total protein content using flow cytometry and population balance equations for exponentially growing murine hybridoma cells in the individual G(1), S(1) and G(2) + M cell cycle phases. A novel flow cytometric technique for the identification of hybridoma cells in ...

-echo (GRE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with three-dimensional fat-suppressed (FS) spoiled GRE (SPGR) MR and SNR efficiency were significantly higher with multiecho IDEAL GRE than with FS SPGR imaging (P .031 measurements and high reproducibility for both methods. Multiecho IDEAL GRE provides high signal in- tensity

Our goal was to describe the MR features of pancreatic metastases from renal cancer. Five patients with pancreatic metastases from renal cancer were imaged with MR. Imaging was performed on a 1.5 T MR imager using excitation-spoiled fat-suppressed T1-weighted SE images (all patients), T1-weighted spoiled GE images (all patients), T2-weighted fast SE (one patient) and ...

This pictorial essay depicts MR features of benign and malignant parotid tumors. Increased T2 signal intensity is suggestive of pleomorphic adenoma. Tumors with relatively low signal intensity on T2-weighted images are more likely to be malignant even when they are well-demarcated. Fat suppression technique improves the ability to define the boundaries of ...

When chemical shift selective (CHESS) imaging is used with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for simultaneous imaging of both hands for the evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis, the fat suppression effect is poor. We investigated whether these fat-suppressed images using CHESS could be improved with the use of rice pads. T1-weighted images were obtained with ...

A 43-year old Black female complained of sinus pressure and was found to have a mass of the right ethmoid sinus. A T1-weighted fat-suppressed (FS) post-clear coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study revealed right mid-level ethmoid air cells that we...

This document describes the tasks which will be performed to support the hot demonstration of the integrated sludge packaging system to package the sludge that has accumulated in the KE Basin. This activity will be performed in three phases: Phase 1 will consist of testing component and sub-system performance using a surrogate sludge, ...

We investigate the phase accumulated by a charged particle in an extended quantum state as it encircles one or more magnetic fluxons, each carrying half a flux unit. A simple, essentially topological analysis reveals an interplay between the Aharonov-Bohm phase and Berry's phase.

The increased blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast-to-noise ratio at ultrahigh field (7?T) has been exploited in a comparison of the spatial location and strength of activation in high-resolution (1.5?mm isotropic) gradient echo (GE) and spin echo (SE), echo planar imaging data acquired during the execution of a simple motor task in five subjects. SE data were acquired at six echo times from ...

Major technical advances in MR imaging have led to its wider use in the evaluation of abdominal disease. The principle new pulse sequence is the RARE sequence for T2-weighted imaging. Multishot and breath-hold single-shot RARE techniques are now widely used, and both have performed as well as conventional spin-echo imaging with far shorter acquisition times. The most notable improvements have been ...

The peptide MEKVQYLTRSAIRRASTIEMPQQAR-Cys representing residues 1-25 of phospholamban (PLN) decreases by 40% the maximal state rate of ATP hydrolysis by the Ca(2+)-ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), measured at saturating concentrations of Ca2+. The pattern of Ca2+ uptake by SR vesicles in the presence of oxalate is complex, with an initial fast phase being ...

Control of instabilities and halo losses are important issues for a high beam power storage ring like the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). One of the important issues is proper transverse and longitudinal phase space painting. The former is well studied and in this paper we discuss a robust way to achieve longitudinal phase space painting into a ring. ...

Mitochondria isolated from rat kidney subject to in vitro ischemia at various time intervals demonstrated a continuous decline of the ability to accumulate calcium following a high initial stable phase of accumulation of calcium which is dependent both on ATP and respiration. This decline occurs during the reversible ...

A pulsed laser is provided wherein the B-integral accumulated in the laser pulse is reduced using a semiconductor wafer. A laser pulse is generated by a laser pulse source. The laser pulse passes through a semiconductor wafer that has a negative nonlinear index of refraction. Thus, the laser pulse accumulates a negative B-integral. The laser pulse is then ...

A pulsed laser is provided wherein the B-integral accumulated in the laser pulse is reduced using a semiconductor wafer. A laser pulse is generated by a laser pulse source. The laser pulse passes through a semiconductor wafer that has a negative nonlinear index of refraction. Thus, the laser pulse accumulates a negative B-integral. The laser pulse is then ...

Progression of the cells through the S phase of the cell cycle is connected with accumulation of stalled and collapsed replication forks that are repaired by homologous recombination. To investigate the temporal order of homologous recombination events during the S phase, HeLa cells synchronized at the G1/S phase ...

Accumulations of two solid phases (a nitrated aluminosilicate) and sodium diuranate, in the form of scale, caused the SRS 2H Evaporator pot to become completely inoperable in October 1999. The accumulation of the sodium diuranate phase, which selectively precipitated with the aluminosilicate ...

Accumulations of two solid phases (a nitrated aluminosilicate) and sodium diuranate, in the form of scale, caused the SRS 2H Evaporator pot to become completely inoperable in October 1999. The accumulation of the sodium diuranate phase, which selectively precipitated with the aluminosilicate ...

A process is described for removing an agglomerate of accumulated materials including ash concentrate which collects within the first heavy phase withdrawal conduit of a coal deashing system employing solvent at elevated temperatures and pressures near the critical temperature of the solvent. A carrier fluid is introduced into the first heavy ...

The effects of biofilm growth and methane gas accumulation on the transport in porous media were investigated in an anaerobic two-dimensional sand-filled cell. Inoculation of the lower portion of the cell with a methanogenic culture and addition of methanol to the bottom of the cell led to biomass growth and formation of a gas phase. Gas generated at the ...

Water-fat chemical shift imaging (CSI) has been an active research area in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) since the early 1980's. There are two main reasons for water- fat imaging. First, water-fat imaging can serve as a fat- suppression method. Removing the usually bright fatty signals not only extends the useful dynamic range of an image, but also ...