BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that even in the face of a positive intramammary lymph node (IMLN) a negative axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) reliably stages the axilla and complete axillary lymph node dissection (CALND) can be avoided. METHODS: A literature search identified 386 publications that included IMLNs and SLN biopsies. ...

Coexistence of breast cancer and tuberculosis (TB) of the breast and/or axillary lymph nodes is uncommon. In this article, we present a case of tuberculous axillary lymphadenitis existing simultaneously with invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. We also conducted an extensive literature review of English language studies published on the ...

Between June 1970 and April 1982, 592 patients with unilateral T1 and small T2 breast cancers were managed conservatively at the Institut Gustave-Roussy. The treatment policy for the axilla was to perform a lower axillary dissection and to proceed to axillary clearance ( +/- radiotherapy) in patients with axillary invasion by tumor ...

Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy have become an important tool for axillary lymph node staging in women with early-stage breast cancer. Many issues such as indications, usefulness, or best method of performing a sentinel node biopsy need to be addressed. Multiple studies now confirm that sentinel lymphadenectomy ...

Lymphedema; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Stage IA Breast Cancer; Stage IB Breast Cancer; Stage II Breast Cancer

The analysis of receptors for oestrogen in early cancer of the breast may be used to predict prognosis. The presence or absence of oestrogen receptors is independent of menstrual status, the stage of the patient's disease, and the histological grade of the tumour. Therefore combination with other prognostic factors gives a more accurate assessment of an ...

Axillary lymphoscintigraphy (AxLS) with bilateral interdigital injection of (99mTc)antimony sulfide colloid carried out concurrently with internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy in 488 patients with breast carcinoma was evaluated. Patterns of radiocolloid distribution within the ipsilateral axilla and supraclavicular fossa were compared with similar features on the contralateral ...

All the recognised systems of clinical staging of breast cancer have failed to provide reliable prognostic estimates of survival since they do not accurately reflect the pathological extent of the disease. In this prospective study of 52 female patients with established primary breast cancer we have measured the percentage neoplastic involvement of the ...

Objective: To evaluate the performance and feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients using technetium-99m (^99mTc) sulphur colloid and gamma probe. Methods: From May 2000 to March 2001, 70 patients with a tumour less than 5 cm with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes underwent sentinel node biopsy followed by standard ...

Radioimmunoguided Surgery (RIGS) uses a hand-held gamma detecting probe to identify radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (Mab). Fourteen patients with carcinoma of the breast proved at biopsy received Mab B72.3 (5 millicuries of /sup 125/I per 1 milligram, Iodo-Gen method) intravenously six to 26 days before exploration. Probe counts were measured intraoperatively in mammary tissue and ...