In this example students examine and critique an argument which implies that it is not cost effective to pay for an automobile with increased fuel efficiency. Using a few reasonable assumptions shows that some of the writer's quantitative claims are not very accurate.

... The goal of this project is to develop a model which will accurately generate cost-effectiveness estimates for stereotactic breast biopsy versus ...

... technology may be the most cost effective and accurate way to detect landmines.10 NCPA's work on acoustic to seismic landmine detection is one ...

... Planning programming budgeting, Logistics planning, Cost effectiveness, Research management, Joint military activities, Cooperation, Data bases ...

This analysis is an update to the 2005 Energy Efficiency Potential Study completed by KEMA for the Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC) and identifies potential energy efficiency opportunities in the residential sector on Kauai (KEMA 2005). The Total R...

The findings of a working group formed to review the status of efforts by utilities and utility regulators to increase the availability and reliability of generating units are presented. Representatives from nine state regulatory agencies, NRRI, and DOE, participated on the Working Group. The Federal government has been working cooperatively with utilities, utility ...

The development of a cost effective single crystal technology, including single crystal casting technique, alloy development, and orientation measurement, is described. The first aspect led to the adoption of the technically more difficult seeding technique as a result of its greater flexibility. The second resulted in the development of a series of three ...

Cost effectiveness constraints in aerospace single crystal technology were met by improving single crystal casting techniques, alloy development, and orientation measurement. The first led to the adoption of the technically more difficult seeding technique as a result of its greater flexibility. The second resulted in the development of a series of three ...

To make appropriate, cost-effective and timely decisions about students, educators must have accurate and complete information. Recognizing this need, most education systems have moved from paper documents in filing cabinets to automated student informati...

To make appropriate, cost-effective and timely decisions about students, educators must have accurate and complete information. Recognizing this need, most education systems have moved from paper documents in filing cabinets to automated student informati...

A simple procedure for use during the schematic phase of passive solar building design is presented in this article. The procedure is quantitative and accurate enough to insure that designs based on the provided starting point values of the primary building parameters will be cost effective.

A mission analysis software system specifically designed to be used in a cost effectiveness environment is described. The system makes it possible to perform fast and accurate studies with low manpower and computing power. It is shown that the resulting s...

Nonlinear and linear systems of equations often arise in scientific computation, for example in implicit methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). It is important to find cost-effective and accurate methods to solve such systems. Iterative methods ar...

Effective field test methods are needed for hazardous waste site characterization and remediation. Useful field methods should be rapid, analyte-specific, cost-effective and accurate in the concentration range at which the analyte is regulated. In this st...

This SAND report documents the results of an LDRD project undertaken to study the accuracy of terrain-aided navigation coupled with highly accurate topographic maps. A revolutionary new mapping technology, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR),...

The paper reports on EPA's effort to define the design of an ideal methodology for estimating emissions from highway vehicles. The design concept will be used by EPA to focus research and promote the availability of accurate, cost effective inventory procedures within 5 to 10 yea...

User equipment for LEO spacecraft positioning using Navsat and GPS is defined, and a development approach is outlined. It is concluded that both systems are cost effective. When the high performance P-Code receiver is required, the implementation of exist...

A two-year program to develop advanced 3D inelastic structural stress analysis methods and solution strategies for more accurate and cost effective analysis of combustors, turbine blades, and vanes is described. The approach was to develop a matrix of for...

The authors developed and tested a procedure that allows quantification of the effects of soil contaminants on earthworm (Eisenia foetida) growth and reproduction. The procedure monitors isolated pairs of earthworms and generates a higher ratio of data per organisms than other commonly used procedures. It also incorporates an accurate technique for measuring adult growth, has ...

The general objective of SOCP's RAM Database/SHIPNET is to provide a sound basis for improving the safety, reliability, cost effectiveness and overall quality of marine machinery used onboard merchant vessels. This project is being conducted to establish ...

In the post-9/11 global security environment it is a foregone conclusion that it's much more cost effective, in both blood and treasure, to build and support effective governance in foreign nations than it is to allow them to fail. After more than two cen...

In the Swedish electricity system there is a great potential for increasing the cost efficiency of the electricity use. However, today the economic incentives, offered for instance by existing electricity rates, are too weak to improve the use of the syst...

Although the leader in cost effective EOR, thermal methods are still in an adolescent development stage. To satisfy global hydrocarbon demands, significant technical and economic improvements must be made during the next decade as the recoverable resource base shifts to heavier oils and bitumen. Several areas can be identified where new, user-friendly ...

This report summarizes research covering the costs and thermal performance of energy saving insulation standards in new residential buildings. The results of this research demonstrate that the cost-effectiveness of energy saving standards can be accurately predicted. The computer models used to simulate energy use have been found accurate for the ...

Los Alamos` Environmental Restoration Program is charged with cost effectively remediating contaminated sites. To monitor progress toward this goal, the University of California, the contractor operating Los Alamos, and the Department negotiated eight performance measures. The objective of this audit was to determine whether the contract performance ...

The Lasagna project is the first of what we expect will be several large cooperative projects between industry consortia and government to develop improved remediation technologies. In 1992, Monsanto Company began contacting other major corporations to see if they were experiencing similar difficulties in applying cost-effective, or even workable ...

This study analyzes cost effectiveness in environmental cooperation between Finland and the Soviet Union. It is assumed that the aim of both countries is to attain a given target deposition level at minimum possible sulfur abatement costs. Cost-effective cooperation is compared to ...

This article presents the design of a newly developed wideband, quantitative shock wave sensor (hydrophone) made of piezoelectric material polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). The novel aspects of this device include a disposable sensor element to reduce the per shot costs, and a self-monitoring feature that informs the user that the sensor needs to be replaced. The development, design, and use of ...

Boards of Cooperative Educational Services (BOCES) provide cost-effective shared services to New York's rural districts. Services in career and technical education and staff development offered by the Steuben-Allegany BOCES are described. Future plans include increased cooperation with colleges in providing adult education, evolution ...

This is the 1985 Annual Report of the International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) Program. The format of the report has been changed substantially from that of previous years. In addition, the report has been given a special theme: Working Toward Greater Cost-Effectiveness. Section 2 of this report, the special theme chapter, discusses the contributions of the ...

Sonic drilling (combination of mechanical vibrations and rotary power) is an innovative environmental technology being developed in cooperation with DOE`s Arid-Site Volatile Organic Compounds Integrated Demonstration at Hanford and the Mixed Waste Landfill Integrated Demonstration at Sandia. This report studies the cost effectiveness ...

This report summarizes the work on the research project on this cooperative program between DOE and Hitachi, Ltd. Major advances were made in the computational reconstruction of images from electrical excitation and response data with respect to existing capabilities reported in the literature. A demonstration is provided of the imaging of one or more circular objects within ...

This analysis is an update to the 2005 Energy Efficiency Potential Study completed by KEMA for the Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC) and identifies potential energy efficiency opportunities in the residential sector on Kauai (KEMA 2005). The Total Resource Cost (TRC) test is used to determine which of the energy efficiency measures analyzed in the KEMA report are ...

Regional cooperation is being eroded by those who would isolate the state and turn back to attitudes of self-reliance (however unrealistic) and unconcern for the needs of others. Past efforts to achieve rural electrification relied on cooperation to bring reliable and adequate power to the Great Plains. A hydro-thermal mix using the area's vast ...

... TITLE: Quality of Life and Cost Effectiveness of Prostate Cancer Treatment ... Quality of Life and Cost Effectiveness of Prostate Cancer ...

Developing cost-effective utility plans to meet uncertain future load and financial requirements is increasingly difficult to accomplish. The enhanced version of the utility planning model (UPM) increases a utility's ability to develop accurate and comprehensive evaluations of its planning options in a timely manner.

The L.A. Brace represents a new asymmetrical computer-generated full-time scoliosis brace used in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis that uses the new system of algorithm-generated predictions for its data acquisition phase. Initial results suggest the L.A. Brace is an effective alternative brace treatment for scoliosis that provides an accurate ...

Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays to detect chlamydial cervicitis were performed on samples from 1,320 sexually active university women. Seventy-five had positive tests. Demographic, history, symptom, and physical examination variables were insufficient to predict infection accurately. Concludes that screening during routine visits with this population is ...

In this paper, we present an improved instrumentation system for moisture content determination in oil palm fruit. The results obtained using the developed system are compared with the data obtained using the vector network analyzer, values calculated from finite element method (FEM) simulation and capacitance model at 2 GHz. This system is found to be more practical, cost ...

Many GxP critical spreadsheets need to undergo validation to ensure that the data they generate is accurate and secure. This paper describes a pragmatic approach to the validation of Excel spreadsheets using the principals of GAMP 4. The validation lifecycle requirements are met using a generic documentation set which allows spreadsheet validation and implementation with two ...

The expansion of the world economy has enabled easy access to suppliers of optical components and systems throughout the world. Unfortunately, all manufacturers do not adhere to the same quality standards, so the need for accurate and cost effective inspection has never been greater. To address this growing demand, an economical ...

Cross-cultural adaptation of study instruments is a difficult, time-consuming, but arguably cost-effective process. If conducted properly, it has the advantage that the translated study instruments are accurate, easy to understand, accessible, and culturally appropriate to the target audience and produce reliable and valid data. This article explores ...

description of the principles and theory of the general uncertainty analysis technique is given by Coleman error or uncertainty associated with it. The equations for calculating production are functions propagate through the data reduction equation to the final calculation. It is essential that the error

Fuel soot is the primary contaminant in diesel engine lubricants. Evolving emission regulations, engine designs and oil formulations are all centered around the control and retention of soot particles and advanced gel formations. Accurate, reliable and cost effective measurement of soot is now an essential requirement for an effective ...

Coccidioidomycosis is an infection caused by Coccidioides immitis or C. posadasii. We developed a TaqMan real-time PCR assay that rapidly and accurately differentiates the species. This assay can be used as a tool to improve disease surveillance, increase understanding of the natural history of the infection, and assist in clinical differentiation studies. PMID:20370360

One of the major obstacles preventing cost-effective cleanup of many DOE sites is the current inability to accurately locate and quantify residual nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contamination. The recently developed natural radon tracer method has the potential to provide a rapid...

Accurate estimates of hazardous waste site remedial responses are important in order to: (1) budget the Superfund Response Fund; (2) estimate costs at specific sites; (3) cost-effectively select remedial actions; and, (4) effectively negotiate with private response parties for pr...

The application of laser welding technology allows titanium to be welded predictably and precisely to achieve accurate fit of a milled framework. Laser energy results in localized heat production, thereby reducing thermal expansion. Unlike soldering, laser energy can be directed to a small area, making it possible to laser weld close to acrylic resin or ceramic. This article ...

A simple method for computing accurate density-dependent dispersion coefficients is presented. The dispersion coefficients are modeled by a generalized gradient-type approximation to Becke and Johnson's exchange hole dipole moment formalism. Our most cost-effective variant, based on a disjoint description of atoms in a molecule, gives mean absolute errors ...

A simple method for computing accurate density-dependent dispersion coefficients is presented. The dispersion coefficients are modeled by a generalized gradient-type approximation to Becke and Johnson's exchange hole dipole moment formalism. Our most cost-effective variant, based on a disjoint description of atoms in a molecule, gives mean absolute errors ...