Sample records for accurate diagnosis depends

  1. Development of an accurate portable recording peak-flow meter for the diagnosis of asthma.

    PubMed

    Hitchings, D J; Dickinson, S A; Miller, M R; Fairfax, A J

    1993-05-01

    This article describes the systematic design of an electronic recording peak expiratory flow (PEF) meter to provide accurate data for the diagnosis of occupational asthma. Traditional diagnosis of asthma relies on accurate data of PEF tests performed by the patients in their own homes and places of work. Unfortunately there are high error rates in data produced and recorded by the patient, most of these are transcription errors and some patients falsify their records. The PEF measurement itself is not effort independent, the data produced depending on the way in which the patient performs the test. Patients are taught how to perform the test giving maximal effort to the expiration being measured. If the measurement is performed incorrectly then errors will occur. Accurate data can be produced if an electronically recording PEF instrument is developed, thus freeing the patient from the task of recording the test data. It should also be capable of determining whether the PEF measurement has been correctly performed. A requirement specification for a recording PEF meter was produced. A commercially available electronic PEF meter was modified to provide the functions required for accurate serial recording of the measurements produced by the patients. This is now being used in three hospitals in the West Midlands for investigations into the diagnosis of occupational asthma. In investigating current methods of measuring PEF and other pulmonary quantities a greater understanding was obtained of the limitations of current methods of measurement, and quantities being measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  2. [Stereotactic biopsy in the accurate diagnosis of lesions in the brain stem and deep brain].

    PubMed

    Qin, F; Huang, Z C; Cai, M Q; Xu, X F; Lu, T T; Dong, Q; Wu, A M; Lu, Z Z; Zhao, C; Guo, Y

    2018-06-12

    Objective: To investigate the value of stereotactic biopsy in the accurate diagnosis of lesions in the brain stem and deep brain. Methods: A total of 29 consecutive patients who underwent stereotactic biopsy of brainstem and deep brain lesions between May 2012 and January 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The Cosman-Roberts-Wells (CRW) stereotactic frame was installed under local anesthesia. Thin-layer CT and MRI scanning were performed. Target coordinates were calculated by inputting CT-MRI data into the radionics surgical planning system. The individualized puncture path was designed according to the location of the lesions and the characteristics of the image. Target distributions were as follows: 12 cases of midbrain or pons, 2 cases of internal capsule, 3 cases of thalamus, 12 cases of basal ganglia. The biopsy samples were used for further pathological and/or genetic diagnosis. Results: Twenty-eight of the 29 cases (96.6%) were diagnosed accurately by histopathology and genomic examination following stereotactic biopsy. Pathological results were as follows: 8 cases of lymphoma, 7 cases of glioma, 4 cases of demyelination, 2 cases of germ cell tumor, 2 cases of metastatic tumor, 1 cases of cerebral sparganosis, 1 case of tuberculous granuloma, 1 case of hereditary prion disease, 1 case of glial hyperplasia, 1 case of leukemia. The accurate diagnosis of one case required a combination of histopathology and genomic examination. Undefined diagnosis was still made in 1 cases (3.45%) after biopsy. After biopsy, there were 2 cases (6.9%) with symptomatic slight hemorrhage, 1 case (3.45%) with symptomatic severe hemorrhage, and 1 cass (3.45%) with permanent neurological dysfunction. No one died because of surgery or surgical complications. Conclusions: Stereotactic biopsy is fast, safe and minimally invasive. It is an ideal strategy for accurate diagnosis of lesions in brain stem and deep brain.

  3. Case Report: Application of whole exome sequencing for accurate diagnosis of rare syndromes of mineralocorticoid excess

    PubMed Central

    Narayanan, Ranjit; Karuthedath Vellarikkal, Shamsudheen; Jayarajan, Rijith; Verma, Ankit; Dixit, Vishal; Scaria, Vinod; Sivasubbu, Sridhar

    2017-01-01

    Syndromes of mineralocorticoid excess (SME) are closely related clinical manifestations occurring within a specific set of diseases. Overlapping clinical manifestations of such syndromes often create a dilemma in accurate diagnosis, which is crucial for disease surveillance and management especially in rare genetic disorders. Here we demonstrate the use of whole exome sequencing (WES) for accurate diagnosis of rare SME and report that p.R337C variation in the HSD11B2 gene causes progressive apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) syndrome in a South Indian family of Mappila origin. PMID:29067160

  4. Accurate diagnosis of CHD by Paediatricians with Expertise in Cardiology.

    PubMed

    Jacob, Hannah C; Massey, Hannah; Yates, Robert W M; Kelsall, A Wilfred

    2017-08-01

    Introduction Paediatricians with Expertise in Cardiology assess children with a full history, examination, and often perform an echocardiogram. A minority are then referred to an outreach clinic run jointly with a visiting paediatric cardiologist. The accuracy of the echocardiography diagnosis made by the Paediatrician with Expertise in Cardiology is unknown. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective review of clinic letters for children seen in the outreach clinic for the first time between March, 2004 and March, 2011. Children with CHD diagnosed antenatally or elsewhere were excluded. We recorded the echocardiography diagnosis made by the paediatric cardiologist and previously by the Paediatrician with Expertise in Cardiology. The Paediatrician with Expertise in Cardiology referred 317/3145 (10%) children seen in the local cardiac clinics to the outreach clinic over this period, and among them 296 were eligible for inclusion. Their median age was 1.5 years (range 1 month-15.1 years). For 244 (82%) children, there was complete diagnostic agreement between the Paediatrician with Expertise in Cardiology and the paediatric cardiologist. For 29 (10%) children, the main diagnosis was identical with additional findings made by the paediatric cardiologist. The abnormality had resolved in 17 (6%) cases by the time of clinic attendance. In six (2%) patients, the paediatric cardiologist made a different diagnosis. In total, 138 (47%) patients underwent a surgical or catheter intervention. Discussion Paediatricians with Expertise in Cardiology can make accurate diagnoses of CHD in children referred to their clinics. This can allow effective triage of children attending the outreach clinic, making best use of limited specialist resources.

  5. Accurate diagnosis of prenatal cleft lip/palate by understanding the embryology

    PubMed Central

    Smarius, Bram; Loozen, Charlotte; Manten, Wendy; Bekker, Mireille; Pistorius, Lou; Breugem, Corstiaan

    2017-01-01

    Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CP) is one of the most common congenital malformations. Ultrasonographers involved in the routine 20-wk ultrasound screening could encounter these malformations. The face and palate develop in a very characteristic way. For ultrasonographers involved in screening these patients it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of the embryology of the face. This could help them to make a more accurate diagnosis and save time during the ultrasound. Subsequently, the current postnatal classification will be discussed to facilitate the communication with the CP teams. PMID:29026689

  6. Probability of Accurate Heart Failure Diagnosis and the Implications for Hospital Readmissions.

    PubMed

    Carey, Sandra A; Bass, Kyle; Saracino, Giovanna; East, Cara A; Felius, Joost; Grayburn, Paul A; Vallabhan, Ravi C; Hall, Shelley A

    2017-04-01

    Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome with inherent diagnostic challenges. We studied the scope of possibly inaccurately documented HF in a large health care system among patients assigned a primary diagnosis of HF at discharge. Through a retrospective record review and a classification schema developed from published guidelines, we assessed the probability of the documented HF diagnosis being accurate and determined factors associated with HF-related and non-HF-related hospital readmissions. An arbitration committee of 3 experts reviewed a subset of records to corroborate the results. We assigned a low probability of accurate diagnosis to 133 (19%) of the 712 patients. A subset of patients were also reviewed by an expert panel, which concluded that 13% to 35% of patients probably did not have HF (inter-rater agreement, kappa = 0.35). Low-probability HF was predictive of being readmitted more frequently for non-HF causes (p = 0.018), as well as documented arrhythmias (p = 0.023), and age >60 years (p = 0.006). Documented sleep apnea (p = 0.035), percutaneous coronary intervention (p = 0.006), non-white race (p = 0.047), and B-type natriuretic peptide >400 pg/ml (p = 0.007) were determined to be predictive of HF readmissions in this cohort. In conclusion, approximately 1 in 5 patients documented to have HF were found to have a low probability of actually having it. Moreover, the determination of low-probability HF was twice as likely to result in readmission for non-HF causes and, thus, should be considered a determinant for all-cause readmissions in this population. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Early, Accurate Diagnosis and Early Intervention in Cerebral Palsy: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment.

    PubMed

    Novak, Iona; Morgan, Cathy; Adde, Lars; Blackman, James; Boyd, Roslyn N; Brunstrom-Hernandez, Janice; Cioni, Giovanni; Damiano, Diane; Darrah, Johanna; Eliasson, Ann-Christin; de Vries, Linda S; Einspieler, Christa; Fahey, Michael; Fehlings, Darcy; Ferriero, Donna M; Fetters, Linda; Fiori, Simona; Forssberg, Hans; Gordon, Andrew M; Greaves, Susan; Guzzetta, Andrea; Hadders-Algra, Mijna; Harbourne, Regina; Kakooza-Mwesige, Angelina; Karlsson, Petra; Krumlinde-Sundholm, Lena; Latal, Beatrice; Loughran-Fowlds, Alison; Maitre, Nathalie; McIntyre, Sarah; Noritz, Garey; Pennington, Lindsay; Romeo, Domenico M; Shepherd, Roberta; Spittle, Alicia J; Thornton, Marelle; Valentine, Jane; Walker, Karen; White, Robert; Badawi, Nadia

    2017-09-01

    Cerebral palsy describes the most common physical disability in childhood and occurs in 1 in 500 live births. Historically, the diagnosis has been made between age 12 and 24 months but now can be made before 6 months' corrected age. To systematically review best available evidence for early, accurate diagnosis of cerebral palsy and to summarize best available evidence about cerebral palsy-specific early intervention that should follow early diagnosis to optimize neuroplasticity and function. This study systematically searched the literature about early diagnosis of cerebral palsy in MEDLINE (1956-2016), EMBASE (1980-2016), CINAHL (1983-2016), and the Cochrane Library (1988-2016) and by hand searching. Search terms included cerebral palsy, diagnosis, detection, prediction, identification, predictive validity, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The study included systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses, criteria of diagnostic accuracy, and evidence-based clinical guidelines. Findings are reported according to the PRISMA statement, and recommendations are reported according to the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. Six systematic reviews and 2 evidence-based clinical guidelines met inclusion criteria. All included articles had high methodological Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) ratings. In infants, clinical signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy emerge and evolve before age 2 years; therefore, a combination of standardized tools should be used to predict risk in conjunction with clinical history. Before 5 months' corrected age, the most predictive tools for detecting risk are term-age magnetic resonance imaging (86%-89% sensitivity), the Prechtl Qualitative Assessment of General Movements (98% sensitivity), and the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (90% sensitivity). After 5 months' corrected age, the most predictive tools for detecting risk are magnetic resonance imaging (86

  8. Treating knee pain: history taking and accurate diagnoses.

    PubMed

    Barratt, Julian

    2010-07-01

    Prompt and effective diagnosis and treatment for common knee problems depend on practitioners' ability to distinguish between traumatic and inflammatory knee conditions. This article aims to enable practitioners to make accurate assessments, carry out knee examinations and undertake selected special tests as necessary before discharging or referring patients.

  9. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia: next-generation sequencing allows for a safer, more accurate, and comprehensive approach

    PubMed Central

    Chitty, Lyn S; Mason, Sarah; Barrett, Angela N; McKay, Fiona; Lench, Nicholas; Daley, Rebecca; Jenkins, Lucy A

    2015-01-01

    Abstract Objective Accurate prenatal diagnosis of genetic conditions can be challenging and usually requires invasive testing. Here, we demonstrate the potential of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for the analysis of cell-free DNA in maternal blood to transform prenatal diagnosis of monogenic disorders. Methods Analysis of cell-free DNA using a PCR and restriction enzyme digest (PCR–RED) was compared with a novel NGS assay in pregnancies at risk of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia. Results PCR–RED was performed in 72 cases and was correct in 88.6%, inconclusive in 7% with one false negative. NGS was performed in 47 cases and was accurate in 96.2% with no inconclusives. Both approaches were used in 27 cases, with NGS giving the correct result in the two cases inconclusive with PCR–RED. Conclusion NGS provides an accurate, flexible approach to non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of de novo and paternally inherited mutations. It is more sensitive than PCR–RED and is ideal when screening a gene with multiple potential pathogenic mutations. These findings highlight the value of NGS in the development of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis for other monogenic disorders. © 2015 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. What's already known about this topic? Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) using PCR-based methods has been reported for the detection or exclusion of individual paternally inherited or de novo alleles in maternal plasma. What does this study add? NIPD using next generation sequencing provides an accurate, more sensitive approach which can be used to detect multiple mutations in a single assay and so is ideal when screening a gene with multiple potential pathogenic mutations. Next generation sequencing thus provides a flexible approach to non-invasive prenatal diagnosis ideal for use in a busy service laboratory. PMID:25728633

  10. Prenatal and accurate perinatal diagnosis of type 2 H or ductular duplicate gallbladder.

    PubMed

    Maggi, Umberto; Farris, Giorgio; Carnevali, Alessandra; Borzani, Irene; Clerici, Paola; Agosti, Massimo; Rossi, Giorgio; Leva, Ernesto

    2018-02-07

    Double gallbladder is a rare biliary anomaly. Perinatal diagnosis of the disorder has been reported in only 6 cases, and in 5 of them the diagnosis was based on ultrasound imaging only. However, the ultrasound technique alone does not provide a sufficiently precise description of cystic ducts and biliary anatomy, an information that is crucial for a correct classification and for a possible future surgery. At 21 weeks of gestational age of an uneventful pregnancy in a 38 year old primipara mother, a routine ultrasound screening detected a biliary anomaly in the fetus suggestive of a double gallbladder. A neonatal abdominal ultrasonography performed on postnatal day 2 confirmed the diagnosis. On day 12 the newborn underwent a Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) that clearly characterized the anatomy of the anomaly: both gallbladders had their own cystic duct and both had a separate insertion in the main biliary duct. We report a case of early prenatal suspected duplicate gallbladder that was confirmed by a neonatal precise diagnosis of a Type 2, H or ductular duplicate gallbladder, using for the first time 3D images of Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in a newborn. An accurate anatomical diagnosis is mandatory in patients undergoing a possible future cholecystectomy, to avoid surgical complications or reoperations. Therefore, in case of a perinatal suspicion of a double gallbladder, neonates should undergo a Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. A review of the Literature about this variant is included.

  11. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia: next-generation sequencing allows for a safer, more accurate, and comprehensive approach.

    PubMed

    Chitty, Lyn S; Mason, Sarah; Barrett, Angela N; McKay, Fiona; Lench, Nicholas; Daley, Rebecca; Jenkins, Lucy A

    2015-07-01

    Accurate prenatal diagnosis of genetic conditions can be challenging and usually requires invasive testing. Here, we demonstrate the potential of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for the analysis of cell-free DNA in maternal blood to transform prenatal diagnosis of monogenic disorders. Analysis of cell-free DNA using a PCR and restriction enzyme digest (PCR-RED) was compared with a novel NGS assay in pregnancies at risk of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia. PCR-RED was performed in 72 cases and was correct in 88.6%, inconclusive in 7% with one false negative. NGS was performed in 47 cases and was accurate in 96.2% with no inconclusives. Both approaches were used in 27 cases, with NGS giving the correct result in the two cases inconclusive with PCR-RED. NGS provides an accurate, flexible approach to non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of de novo and paternally inherited mutations. It is more sensitive than PCR-RED and is ideal when screening a gene with multiple potential pathogenic mutations. These findings highlight the value of NGS in the development of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis for other monogenic disorders. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  12. Rapid and accurate intraoperative pathological diagnosis by artificial intelligence with deep learning technology.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Jing; Song, Yanlin; Xia, Fan; Zhu, Chenjing; Zhang, Yingying; Song, Wenpeng; Xu, Jianguo; Ma, Xuelei

    2017-09-01

    Frozen section is widely used for intraoperative pathological diagnosis (IOPD), which is essential for intraoperative decision making. However, frozen section suffers from some drawbacks, such as time consuming and high misdiagnosis rate. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) with deep learning technology has shown bright future in medicine. We hypothesize that AI with deep learning technology could help IOPD, with a computer trained by a dataset of intraoperative lesion images. Evidences supporting our hypothesis included the successful use of AI with deep learning technology in diagnosing skin cancer, and the developed method of deep-learning algorithm. Large size of the training dataset is critical to increase the diagnostic accuracy. The performance of the trained machine could be tested by new images before clinical use. Real-time diagnosis, easy to use and potential high accuracy were the advantages of AI for IOPD. In sum, AI with deep learning technology is a promising method to help rapid and accurate IOPD. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Urinary PCR as an increasingly useful tool for an accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis in livestock.

    PubMed

    Hamond, C; Martins, G; Loureiro, A P; Pestana, C; Lawson-Ferreira, R; Medeiros, M A; Lilenbaum, W

    2014-03-01

    The aim of the present study was to consider the wide usage of urinary PCR as an increasingly useful tool for an accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis in livestock. A total of 512 adult animals (300 cattle, 138 horses, 59 goats and 15 pigs), from herds/flocks with reproductive problems in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil was studied by serology and urinary PCR. From the 512 serum samples tested, 223 (43.5 %) were seroreactive (cattle: 45.6 %, horses: 41.3 %, goats: 34%and pigs: 60 %). PCR detected leptospiral DNA in 32.4 % (cattle: 21.6 %, horses: 36.2 %, goats: 77.4 % and pigs: 33.3 %. To our knowledge there is no another study including such a large number of samples (512) from different species, providing a comprehensive analysis of the usage of PCR for detecting leptospiral carriers in livestock. Serological and molecular results were discrepant, regardless the titre, what was an expected outcome. Nevertheless, it is impossible to establish agreement between these tests, since the two methodologies are conducted on different samples (MAT - serum; PCR - urine). Additionally, the MAT is an indirect method and PCR is a direct one. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that urinary PCR should be considered and encouraged as an increasingly useful tool for an accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis in livestock.

  14. Detailed behavioral assessment promotes accurate diagnosis in patients with disorders of consciousness

    PubMed Central

    Gilutz, Yael; Lazary, Avraham; Karpin, Hana; Vatine, Jean-Jacques; Misha, Tamar; Fortinsky, Hadassah; Sharon, Haggai

    2015-01-01

    Introduction: Assessing the awareness level in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) is made on the basis of exhibited behaviors. However, since motor signs of awareness (i.e., non-reflex motor responses) can be very subtle, differentiating the vegetative from minimally conscious states (which is in itself not clear-cut) is often challenging. Even the careful clinician relying on standardized scales may arrive at a wrong diagnosis. Aim: To report our experience in tackling this problem by using two in-house use assessment procedures developed at Reuth Rehabilitation Hospital, and demonstrate their clinical significance by reviewing two cases. Methods: (1) Reuth DOC Response Assessment (RDOC-RA) –administered in addition to the standardized tools, and emphasizes the importance of assessing a wide range of motor responses. In our experience, in some patients the only evidence for awareness may be a private specific movement that is not assessed by standard assessment tools. (2) Reuth DOC Periodic Intervention Model (RDOC-PIM) – current literature regarding assessment and diagnosis in DOC refers mostly to the acute phase of up to 1 year post injury. However, we have found major changes in responsiveness occurring 1 year or more post-injury in many patients. Therefore, we conduct periodic assessments at predetermined times points to ensure patients are not misdiagnosed or neurological changes overlooked. Results: In the first case the RDOC-RA promoted a more accurate diagnosis than that based on standardized scales alone. The second case shows how the RDOC-PIM allowed us to recognize late recovery and promoted reinstatement of treatment with good results. Conclusion: Adding a detailed periodic assessment of DOC patients to existing scales can yield critical information, promoting better diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes. We discuss the implications of this observation for the future development and validation of assessment tools in DOC patients

  15. [Molecular diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification].

    PubMed

    Zeng, Jian; Ke, Long-feng; Deng, Xiao-jun; Cai, Mei-ying; Tu, Xiang-dong; Lan, Feng-hua

    2008-12-16

    To investigate the effect of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in molecular diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Peripheral blood samples were collected from 13 SMA patients, 31 parents of SMA patients, 50 healthy individuals without family history of SMA, and 10 specimens of amniotic fluid from these families were collected too. Genomic DNA was analyzed by MLPA, conventional PCR-RFLP, and allele-specific PCR. In complete agreement with the results of conventional PCR-RFLP and allele-specific PCR, MLPA analysis showed that all of the 13 patients had homozygous deletion of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, and there was significant difference between the SMA severity (type I to type III) and SMN2 copy number (P < 0.05). Of the 31 parents 29 (93.5%) had 1 copy of SMN1, 2 (6.5%) had 2 copies of SMN1. Of the 50 healthy individuals, 1 (2.0%) had 1 copy of SMN1, 48 (96.0%) had 2 copies of SMN1, and 1 (2.0%) had 3 copies. The SMN1 copy number of the parents was significantly higher than that of the healthy individuals (P < 0.01). Two of the 10 fetuses had homozygous deletion of SMN1. The MLPA technique has proved to be an accurate and reliable tool for the molecular diagnosis of SMA, both in patients and in healthy carriers.

  16. Optimized angiotensin-converting enzyme activity assay for the accurate diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

    PubMed

    Csongrádi, Alexandra; Enyedi, Attila; Takács, István; Végh, Tamás; Mányiné, Ivetta S; Pólik, Zsófia; Altorjay, István Tibor; Balla, József; Balla, György; Édes, István; Kappelmayer, János; Tóth, Attila; Papp, Zoltán; Fagyas, Miklós

    2018-06-27

    Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity determination can aid the early diagnosis of sarcoidosis. We aimed to optimize a fluorescent kinetic assay for ACE activity by screening the confounding effects of endogenous ACE inhibitors and interfering factors. Genotype-dependent and genotype-independent reference values of ACE activity were established, and their diagnostic accuracies were validated in a clinical study. Internally quenched fluorescent substrate, Abz-FRK(Dnp)P-OH was used for ACE-activity measurements. A total of 201 healthy individuals and 59 presumably sarcoidotic patients were enrolled into this study. ACE activity and insertion/deletion (I/D) genotype of the ACE gene were determined. Here we report that serum samples should be diluted at least 35-fold to eliminate the endogenous inhibitor effect of albumin. No significant interferences were detected: up to a triglyceride concentration of 16 mM, a hemoglobin concentration of 0.71 g/L and a bilirubin concentration of 150 μM. Genotype-dependent reference intervals were considered as 3.76-11.25 U/L, 5.22-11.59 U/L, 7.19-14.84 U/L for II, ID and DD genotypes, respectively. I/D genotype-independent reference interval was established as 4.85-13.79 U/L. An ACE activity value was considered positive for sarcoidosis when it exceeded the upper limit of the reference interval. The optimized assay with genotype-dependent reference ranges resulted in 42.5% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value and 32.4% negative predictive value in the clinical study, whereas the genotype-independent reference range proved to have inferior diagnostic efficiency. An optimized fluorescent kinetic assay of serum ACE activity combined with ACE I/D genotype determination is an alternative to invasive biopsy for confirming the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in a significant percentage of patients.

  17. The KFM, A Homemade Yet Accurate and Dependable Fallout Meter

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kearny, C.H.

    The KFM is a homemade fallout meter that can be made using only materials, tools, and skills found in millions of American homes. It is an accurate and dependable electroscope-capacitor. The KFM, in conjunction with its attached table and a watch, is designed for use as a rate meter. Its attached table relates observed differences in the separations of its two leaves (before and after exposures at the listed time intervals) to the dose rates during exposures of these time intervals. In this manner dose rates from 30 mR/hr up to 43 R/hr can be determined with an accuracy ofmore » {+-}25%. A KFM can be charged with any one of the three expedient electrostatic charging devices described. Due to the use of anhydrite (made by heating gypsum from wallboard) inside a KFM and the expedient ''dry-bucket'' in which it can be charged when the air is very humid, this instrument always can be charged and used to obtain accurate measurements of gamma radiation no matter how high the relative humidity. The heart of this report is the step-by-step illustrated instructions for making and using a KFM. These instructions have been improved after each successive field test. The majority of the untrained test families, adequately motivated by cash bonuses offered for success and guided only by these written instructions, have succeeded in making and using a KFM. NOTE: ''The KFM, A Homemade Yet Accurate and Dependable Fallout Meter'', was published by Oak Ridge National Laboratory report in1979. Some of the materials originally suggested for suspending the leaves of the Kearny Fallout Meter (KFM) are no longer available. Because of changes in the manufacturing process, other materials (e.g., sewing thread, unwaxed dental floss) may not have the insulating capability to work properly. Oak Ridge National Laboratory has not tested any of the suggestions provided in the preface of the report, but they have been used by other groups. When using these instructions, the builder can verify

  18. Importance of accurate diagnosis in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) therapy.

    PubMed

    Maslovara, Siniša; Vešligaj, Tihana; Butković Soldo, Silva; Pajić-Penavić, Ivana; Maslovara, Karmela; Mirošević Zubonja, Tea; Soldo, Anamarija

    2014-08-01

    To determine the importance of accurate topological diagnostics of the otolith and the differentiation of certain clinical forms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). A prospective study was conducted at the County General Hospital Vukovar in the period from January 2011 till January 2012. A total of 81 patients with BPPV, 59 females (72.84%) and 22 (27.16%) males (p less than 0.001), mean age 60.1 (± 12.1) were examined. The diagnosis was confirmed and documented by videonystagmography (VNG). The disability due to disease and risk of falling were monitored by filling in the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the repositioning treatment. In 79 (97.3%) patients posterior semicircular canal was affected, and in a small number of patients, two (2.47%) the lateral one. After the repositioning procedures were performed, there was a significant reduction or complete elimination of symptoms in the majority of subjects, 76 (93.82%). The median total DHI sum amounted to 50.5 (± 22.2) at the beginning and 20.4 (± 18.5) at the end of the study (p less than 0.00). Similarly, the results of ABC questionnaires at the beginning of the study demonstrated a result of 59.2% (± 22.4%), and at the end of the treatment the average result of examinees was significantly higher, 84.9% (± 15.2%) (p less than 0.00). Although a subjectively positive Dix-Hallpike or a "supine roll" test is sufficient for the diagnosis of BPPV, it is necessary perform the VNG as well in order to precisely determine the exact localization of the otolith, so that an appropriate repositioning procedure can be applied.

  19. How complete and accurate is meningococcal disease notification?

    PubMed

    Breen, E; Ghebrehewet, S; Regan, M; Thomson, A P J

    2004-12-01

    Effective public health control of meningococcal disease (meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia) is dependent on complete, accurate and speedy notification. Using capture-recapture techniques this study assesses the completeness, accuracy and timeliness of meningococcal notification in a health authority. The completeness of meningococcal disease notification was 94.8% (95% confidence interval 93.2% to 96.2%); 91.2% of cases in 2001 were notified within 24 hours of diagnosis, but 28.0% of notifications in 2001 were false positives. Clinical staff need to be aware of the public health implications of a notification of meningococcal disease, and of failure of, or delay in notification. Incomplete or delayed notification not only leads to inaccurate data collection but also means that important public health measures may not be taken. A clinical diagnosis of meningococcal disease should be carefully considered between the clinician and the consultant in communicable disease control (CCDC). Otherwise, prophylaxis may be given unnecessarily, disease incidence inflated, and the benefits of control measures underestimated. Consultants in communicable disease control (CCDCs), in conjunction with clinical staff, should de-notify meningococcal disease if the diagnosis changes.

  20. Diagnosis of Zika Virus Infections: Challenges and Opportunities.

    PubMed

    Munoz-Jordan, Jorge L

    2017-12-16

    Accurate diagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections has become a pressing need for the effective prevention and control of the epidemic. The findings that ZIKV infections are associated with birth defects and neurologic disease, and that the virus can be sexually transmitted, accentuate the need for accurate diagnostic testing for different applications new to the arbovirus field. Antibody response to related flaviviruses has long been known to be cross-reactive, and antibody detection of ZIKV is nonspecific in populations previously exposed to any of the four dengue viruses or West Nile virus, or vaccinated against yellow fever virus. Therefore, the diagnosis of ZIKV infections has increasingly depended on detection by nucleic acid tests. During the recent epidemic, tests authorized for emergency use have been utilized by public health laboratories and the commercial sector, but a more dependable and responsive diagnostic testing has yet to be developed. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2017. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

  1. Establishing a China malaria diagnosis reference laboratory network for malaria elimination.

    PubMed

    Yin, Jian-hai; Yan, He; Huang, Fang; Li, Mei; Xiao, Hui-hui; Zhou, Shui-sen; Xia, Zhi-gui

    2015-01-28

    In China, the prevalence of malaria has reduced dramatically due to the elimination programme. The continued success of the programme will depend upon the accurate diagnosis of the disease in the laboratory. The basic requirements for this are a reliable malaria diagnosis laboratory network and quality management system to support case verification and source tracking. The baseline information of provincial malaria laboratories in the China malaria diagnosis reference laboratory network was collected and analysed, and a quality-assurance activity was carried out to assess their accuracies in malaria diagnosis by microscopy using WHO standards and PCR. By the end of 2013, nineteen of 24 provincial laboratories have been included in the network. In the study, a total of 168 staff were registered and there was no bias in their age, gender, education level, and position. Generally Plasmodium species were identified with great accuracy by microscopy and PCR. However, Plasmodium ovale was likely to be misdiagnosed as Plasmodium vivax by microscopy. China has established a laboratory network for primary malaria diagnosis which will cover a larger area. Currently, Plasmodium species can be identified fairly accurately by microscopy and PCR. However, laboratory staff need additional trainings on accurate identification of P. ovale microscopically and good performance of PCR operations.

  2. Otoscopic diagnosis of otitis media.

    PubMed

    Isaacson, Glenn

    2016-12-01

    Accurate diagnosis of otitis media is important to prevent suffering and complications when infection is present, and unnecessary antibiotic use when infection is absent. The usual signs and symptoms of acute otitis media are unreliable guides in infants and young children. Similarly, middle ear effusions may present with little discomfort in older children. We therefore depend on examination of the tympanic membrane with an otoscope to make most diagnoses. This article aims to improve the accuracy of middle ear diagnosis by pneumatic otoscopy. It includes descriptions and photographs of the normal ear drum and illustrates the pathologic changes seen in acute otitis media, long-standing eustachian tube dysfunction and otitis media with effusion.

  3. Laboratory diagnosis of vaginal infections.

    PubMed

    Metzger, G D

    1998-01-01

    Vaginal discomfort and/or odor are a common complaint in primary care visits by female patients. This is especially true among sexually active women of childbearing age. Because treatment varies depending upon which syndrome is present, effective treatment depends upon accurate diagnosis. The microscopic exams for diagnosing vaginal complaints are most frequently done in primary care sites. Because of this, few clinical laboratory scientists (CLSs) have the opportunity to become familiar with microscopy on this specimen type. In addition, literature on the subject is only gradually becoming available. This paper will attempt to briefly review the clinical and microscopic features of the common syndromes associated with vaginal discomfort.

  4. The contribution of an asthma diagnostic consultation service in obtaining an accurate asthma diagnosis for primary care patients: results of a real-life study.

    PubMed

    Gillis, R M E; van Litsenburg, W; van Balkom, R H; Muris, J W; Smeenk, F W

    2017-05-19

    Previous studies showed that general practitioners have problems in diagnosing asthma accurately, resulting in both under and overdiagnosis. To support general practitioners in their diagnostic process, an asthma diagnostic consultation service was set up. We evaluated the performance of this asthma diagnostic consultation service by analysing the (dis)concordance between the general practitioners working hypotheses and the asthma diagnostic consultation service diagnoses and possible consequences this had on the patients' pharmacotherapy. In total 659 patients were included in this study. At this service the patients' medical history was taken and a physical examination and a histamine challenge test were carried out. We compared the general practitioners working hypotheses with the asthma diagnostic consultation service diagnoses and the change in medication that was incurred. In 52% (n = 340) an asthma diagnosis was excluded. The diagnosis was confirmed in 42% (n = 275). Furthermore, chronic rhinitis was diagnosed in 40% (n = 261) of the patients whereas this was noted in 25% (n = 163) by their general practitioner. The adjusted diagnosis resulted in a change of medication for more than half of all patients. In 10% (n = 63) medication was started because of a new asthma diagnosis. The 'one-stop-shop' principle was met with 53% of patients and 91% (n = 599) were referred back to their general practitioner, mostly within 6 months. Only 6% (n = 41) remained under control of the asthma diagnostic consultation service because of severe unstable asthma. In conclusion, the asthma diagnostic consultation service helped general practitioners significantly in setting accurate diagnoses for their patients with an asthma hypothesis. This may contribute to diminish the problem of over and underdiagnosis and may result in more appropriate treatment regimens. SERVICE HELPS GENERAL PRACTITIONERS MAKE ACCURATE DIAGNOSES: A consultation service can

  5. Exploring the use of NGS technology for citrus HLB diagnosis and microbiome research

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is currently threatening citrus production around the world. HLB is most prevalently associated with “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas), an unculturable alfa-proteobacterium. Accurate diagnosis of HLB exclusively depends on PCR detection of CLas, which is determine...

  6. Accurate ECG diagnosis of atrial tachyarrhythmias using quantitative analysis: a prospective diagnostic and cost-effectiveness study.

    PubMed

    Krummen, David E; Patel, Mitul; Nguyen, Hong; Ho, Gordon; Kazi, Dhruv S; Clopton, Paul; Holland, Marian C; Greenberg, Scott L; Feld, Gregory K; Faddis, Mitchell N; Narayan, Sanjiv M

    2010-11-01

    Quantitative ECG Analysis. Optimal atrial tachyarrhythmia management is facilitated by accurate electrocardiogram interpretation, yet typical atrial flutter (AFl) may present without sawtooth F-waves or RR regularity, and atrial fibrillation (AF) may be difficult to separate from atypical AFl or rapid focal atrial tachycardia (AT). We analyzed whether improved diagnostic accuracy using a validated analysis tool significantly impacts costs and patient care. We performed a prospective, blinded, multicenter study using a novel quantitative computerized algorithm to identify atrial tachyarrhythmia mechanism from the surface ECG in patients referred for electrophysiology study (EPS). In 122 consecutive patients (age 60 ± 12 years) referred for EPS, 91 sustained atrial tachyarrhythmias were studied. ECGs were also interpreted by 9 physicians from 3 specialties for comparison and to allow healthcare system modeling. Diagnostic accuracy was compared to the diagnosis at EPS. A Markov model was used to estimate the impact of improved arrhythmia diagnosis. We found 13% of typical AFl ECGs had neither sawtooth flutter waves nor RR regularity, and were misdiagnosed by the majority of clinicians (0/6 correctly diagnosed by consensus visual interpretation) but correctly by quantitative analysis in 83% (5/6, P = 0.03). AF diagnosis was also improved through use of the algorithm (92%) versus visual interpretation (primary care: 76%, P < 0.01). Economically, we found that these improvements in diagnostic accuracy resulted in an average cost-savings of $1,303 and 0.007 quality-adjusted-life-years per patient. Typical AFl and AF are frequently misdiagnosed using visual criteria. Quantitative analysis improves diagnostic accuracy and results in improved healthcare costs and patient outcomes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  7. The effect of the ecstasy 'come-down' on the diagnosis of ecstasy dependence.

    PubMed

    McKetin, Rebecca; Copeland, Jan; Norberg, Melissa M; Bruno, Raimondo; Hides, Leanne; Khawar, Laila

    2014-06-01

    The existence of an ecstasy-dependence syndrome is controversial. We examined whether the acute after-effects of ecstasy use (i.e. the 'come-down') falsely lead to the identification of ecstasy withdrawal and the subsequent diagnosis of ecstasy dependence. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Disorders: Research Version (SCID-RV) was administered to 214 Australian ecstasy users. Ecstasy withdrawal was operationalised in three contrasting ways: (i) as per DSM-IV criteria; (ii) as the expected after-effects of ecstasy (a regular come-down); or (iii) as a substantially greater or longer come-down than on first use (intense come-down). These definitions were validated against frequency of ecstasy use, readiness to change and ability to resist the urge to use ecstasy. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to see how they aligned with the overall dependence syndrome. Come-down symptoms increased the prevalence of withdrawal from 1% (DSM-IV criterion) to 11% (intense come-downs) and 75% (regular come-downs). Past year ecstasy dependence remained at 31% when including the DSM-IV withdrawal criteria and was 32% with intense come-downs, but increased to 45% with regular come-downs. Intense come-downs were associated with lower ability to resist ecstasy use and loaded positively on the dependence syndrome. Regular come-downs did not load positively on the ecstasy-dependence syndrome and were not related to other indices of dependence. The acute after-effects of ecstasy should be excluded when assessing ecstasy withdrawal as they can lead to a false diagnosis of ecstasy dependence. Worsening of the ecstasy come-down may be a marker for dependence. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Lateral Flow Rapid Test for Accurate and Early Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus: A Febrile Illness of Historically Military Importance in the Pacific Rim.

    PubMed

    Chao, Chien-Chung; Zhangm, Zhiwen; Weissenberger, Giulia; Chen, Hua-Wei; Ching, Wei-Mei

    2017-03-01

    Scrub typhus (ST) is an infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Historically, ST was ranked as the second most important arthropod-borne medical problem only behind malaria during World War II and the Vietnam War. The disease occurs mainly in Southeast Asia and has been shown to emerge and reemerge in new areas, implying the increased risk for U.S. military and civilian personnel deployed to these regions. ST can effectively be treated by doxycycline provided the diagnosis is made early, before the development of severe complications. Scrub Typhus Detect is a lateral flow rapid test based on a mixture of recombinant 56-kDa antigens with broad reactivity. The performance of this prototype product was evaluated against indirect immunofluorescence assay, the serological gold standard. Using 249 prospectively collected samples from Thailand, the sensitivity and specificity for IgM was found to be 100% and 92%, respectively, suggesting a high potential of this product for clinical use. This product will provide a user friendly, rapid, and accurate diagnosis of ST for clinicians to provide timely and accurate treatments of deployed personnel. Reprint & Copyright © 2017 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

  9. A novel method for intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearings using ensemble deep auto-encoders

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shao, Haidong; Jiang, Hongkai; Lin, Ying; Li, Xingqiu

    2018-03-01

    Automatic and accurate identification of rolling bearings fault categories, especially for the fault severities and fault orientations, is still a major challenge in rotating machinery fault diagnosis. In this paper, a novel method called ensemble deep auto-encoders (EDAEs) is proposed for intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. Firstly, different activation functions are employed as the hidden functions to design a series of auto-encoders (AEs) with different characteristics. Secondly, EDAEs are constructed with various auto-encoders for unsupervised feature learning from the measured vibration signals. Finally, a combination strategy is designed to ensure accurate and stable diagnosis results. The proposed method is applied to analyze the experimental bearing vibration signals. The results confirm that the proposed method can get rid of the dependence on manual feature extraction and overcome the limitations of individual deep learning models, which is more effective than the existing intelligent diagnosis methods.

  10. Serological diagnosis of brucellosis.

    PubMed

    Nielsen, K; Yu, W L

    2010-01-01

    To present a review and to describe the most widely used laboratory tests for serology diagnosis of brucellosis along with their pros and cons. Review the recent literature on brucellosis serology diagnostic tests. The choice of the testing strategy depends on the prevailing brucellosis epidemiological situation and the goal of testing. The 'gold standard' for the diagnosis of brucellosis is isolation and identification of the causative bacterium, a member of Brucella sp. Isolation of Brucella sp. requires high security laboratory facilities (biological containment level 3), highly skilled personnel, an extended turnaround time for results and it is considered a hazardous procedure. Hence brucellosis is generally diagnosed by detection of an elevated level of antibody in serum or other body fluid. This is a presumptive diagnosis as other microorganisms and perhaps environmental factors can also cause increased antibody levels. A large number of serological tests for brucellosis have been devised over the 100+ years since its initial isolation, starting with a simple agglutination test and progressing to sophisticated primary binding assays available today. However, no test devised to date is 100% accurate so generally serological diagnosis consists of testing sera by several tests, usually a screening test of high sensitivity, followed by a confirmatory test of high specificity.

  11. Detection theory for accurate and non-invasive skin cancer diagnosis using dynamic thermal imaging

    PubMed Central

    Godoy, Sebastián E.; Hayat, Majeed M.; Ramirez, David A.; Myers, Stephen A.; Padilla, R. Steven; Krishna, Sanjay

    2017-01-01

    Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States with over 3.5M annual cases. Presently, visual inspection by a dermatologist has good sensitivity (> 90%) but poor specificity (< 10%), especially for melanoma, which leads to a high number of unnecessary biopsies. Here we use dynamic thermal imaging (DTI) to demonstrate a rapid, accurate and non-invasive imaging system for detection of skin cancer. In DTI, the lesion is cooled down and the thermal recovery is recorded using infrared imaging. The thermal recovery curves of the suspected lesions are then utilized in the context of continuous-time detection theory in order to define an optimal statistical decision rule such that the sensitivity of the algorithm is guaranteed to be at a maximum for every prescribed false-alarm probability. The proposed methodology was tested in a pilot study including 140 human subjects demonstrating a sensitivity in excess of 99% for a prescribed specificity in excess of 99% for detection of skin cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported accuracy for any non-invasive skin cancer diagnosis method. PMID:28736673

  12. Temperature dependent effective potential method for accurate free energy calculations of solids

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hellman, Olle; Steneteg, Peter; Abrikosov, I. A.; Simak, S. I.

    2013-03-01

    We have developed a thorough and accurate method of determining anharmonic free energies, the temperature dependent effective potential technique (TDEP). It is based on ab initio molecular dynamics followed by a mapping onto a model Hamiltonian that describes the lattice dynamics. The formalism and the numerical aspects of the technique are described in detail. A number of practical examples are given, and results are presented, which confirm the usefulness of TDEP within ab initio and classical molecular dynamics frameworks. In particular, we examine from first principles the behavior of force constants upon the dynamical stabilization of the body centered phase of Zr, and show that they become more localized. We also calculate the phase diagram for 4He modeled with the Aziz potential and obtain results which are in favorable agreement both with respect to experiment and established techniques.

  13. Aneurysm outflow angle at MRA as discriminant for accurate diagnosis and differentiation between small sidewall cerebral aneurysms and infundibula.

    PubMed

    Sun, Ling-Jun; Li, Yong-Dong; Li, Ming-Hua; Wang, Wu; Gu, Bin-Xian

    2017-06-01

    To evaluate whether the aneurysm outflow angle (OA) at MR angiography (MRA) might serve as discriminant for accurate diagnosis of, and differentiation between, small sidewall cerebral aneurysms (SCAs) and infundibula. Between June 2007 and July 2015, 426 consecutive patients with SCAs completed both an MRA and DSA examination. Of these, 156 patients with small SCAs and 52 patients with infundibula were included in this study. A patient with an OA ≥90° was defined as having a SCA, while those with OA <90° were defined as having an infundibulum. DSA identified 172 SCAs in 156 patients and 55 infundibula in 52 patients. The average OA on MRA was 102.96°±13.36° (range 60°-151°) in 172 SCAs of 156 patients. An OA of ≥90° was seen for 159 (92.4%) small SCAs in 147 patients, while an OA of <90° was observed for 13 SCAs. The average OA on MRA was 69.05°±14.26° (range 35-107°) in 55 infundibula of 52 patients. An OA of ≥90° was seen in one patient with one infundibulum; while an OA of <90° was observed for 54 infundibula (98.2%) in 51 patients. The average OA in SCAs (n=172) was greater than the average OA in infundibula (n=55; 102.96° vs 69.05°, p<0.001). The OA at MRA could serve as discriminant for accurate diagnosis of, and differentiation between, small SCAs and infundibula. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

  14. Parent-based diagnosis of ADHD is as accurate as a teacher-based diagnosis of ADHD.

    PubMed

    Bied, Adam; Biederman, Joseph; Faraone, Stephen

    2017-04-01

    To review the literature evaluating the psychometric properties of parent and teacher informants relative to a gold-standard ADHD diagnosis in pediatric populations. We included studies that included both a parent and teacher informant, a gold-standard diagnosis, and diagnostic accuracy metrics. Potential confounds were evaluated. We also assessed the 'OR' and the 'AND' rules for combining informant reports. Eight articles met inclusion criteria. The diagnostic accuracy for predicting gold standard ADHD diagnoses did not differ between parents and teachers. Sample size, sample type, participant drop-out, participant age, participant gender, geographic area of the study, and date of study publication were assessed as potential confounds. Parent and teachers both yielded moderate to good diagnostic accuracy for ADHD diagnoses. Parent reports were statistically indistinguishable from those of teachers. The predictive features of the 'OR' and 'AND' rules are useful in evaluating approaches to better integrating information from these informants.

  15. Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections

    PubMed Central

    Peeling, Rosanna W

    1995-01-01

    Chlamydia pneumoniae is an important cause of respiratory illness. There is a need for accurate and rapid laboratory diagnostic methods that will lead to improved patient care, appropriate use of antimicrobial therapy and a better understanding of the epidemiology of this emerging pathogen. Culture is highly specific but is technically demanding, expensive, has a long turnaround time and its sensitivity is highly dependent on transport conditions. Antigen detection tests such as enzyme immunoassay and direct fluorescent antibody assay, and molecular detection methods such as the polymerase chain reaction assay, may provide a rapid diagnosis without the requirement for stringent transport conditions. The results of these tests should be interpreted with caution until more thorough evaluation is available. Serology remains the method of choice. The limitations of different serological methods for the laboratory diagnosis of C pneumoniae are discussed. PMID:22514397

  16. Laboratory Diagnosis of Pertussis

    PubMed Central

    Schellekens, Joop F. P.; Mooi, Frits R.

    2015-01-01

    SUMMARY The introduction of vaccination in the 1950s significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of pertussis. However, since the 1990s, a resurgence of pertussis has been observed in vaccinated populations, and a number of causes have been proposed for this phenomenon, including improved diagnostics, increased awareness, waning immunity, and pathogen adaptation. The resurgence of pertussis highlights the importance of standardized, sensitive, and specific laboratory diagnoses, the lack of which is responsible for the large differences in pertussis notifications between countries. Accurate laboratory diagnosis is also important for distinguishing between the several etiologic agents of pertussis-like diseases, which involve both viruses and bacteria. If pertussis is diagnosed in a timely manner, antibiotic treatment of the patient can mitigate the symptoms and prevent transmission. During an outbreak, timely diagnosis of pertussis allows prophylactic treatment of infants too young to be (fully) vaccinated, for whom pertussis is a severe, sometimes fatal disease. Finally, reliable diagnosis of pertussis is required to reveal trends in the (age-specific) disease incidence, which may point to changes in vaccine efficacy, waning immunity, and the emergence of vaccine-adapted strains. Here we review current approaches to the diagnosis of pertussis and discuss their limitations and strengths. In particular, we emphasize that the optimal diagnostic procedure depends on the stage of the disease, the age of the patient, and the vaccination status of the patient. PMID:26354823

  17. [RDBH-method and big DyeTM terminator technology in accurate diagnosis of β-thalassemia and the allelic polymorphism of β-globin cluster].

    PubMed

    Akperova, G A

    2014-11-01

    IThe purpose of this study was to evaluate of the efficiency of RDBH-method and Big DyeTM Terminator technology in an accurate diagnosis of β-thalassemia and the allelic polymorphism of β-globin cluster. It was done a complete hematology analysis (HB, MCH, MCV, MCHC, RBC, Hct, HbA2, HbF, Serum iron, Serum ferritin at four children (males, 6-10 years old) and their parents. Molecular analysis included Reverse Dot-Blot Hybridization StripAssay (RDBH) and DNA sequencing on ABI PRISM Big DyeTM Terminator. Hematologic and molecular parameters were contradictory. The homozygosity for β0-thalassemia (β0IVS2.1[G>A] and β0codon 8[-AA]) at three boys with the mild clinical manifestation and heterozygosity of their parents for mutations, and the absence of β-globin mutations at parents and a boy who holds monthly transfusion was established by RDBH-analysis. DNA sequencing by technology Big DyeTM Terminator showed polymorphism at positions -551 and -521 of Cap5'-region (-650-250) - (AT)7(T)7 and (AT)8(T)5. Application of the integrated clinical-molecular approach is an ideal method for an accurate diagnosis, identification of asymptomatic carriers and a reduce of the risk of complications from β-thalassemia, moreover screening of γG-gene and the level of fetal hemoglobin in early childhood will help manage of β-thalassemia clinic and prevent heavy consequences of the disease.

  18. Can we rely on the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method (MLPA) for prenatal diagnosis?

    PubMed Central

    Omrani, Mir Davood; Azizi, Faezeh; Rajabibazl, Masoumeh; Safavi Naini, Niloufar; Omrani, Sara; Abbasi, Arezo Mona; Saleh Gargari, Soraya

    2014-01-01

    Background: The major aneuploidies that are diagnosed prenatally involve the autosomal chromosomes 13, 18, and 21, as well as sex chromosomes, X and Y. Because multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is rapid and non-invasive, it has replaced traditional culture methods for the screening and diagnosis of common aneuploidies in some countries. Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of MLPA in a cross-sectional descriptive study for the detection of chromosomal aneuploidies in comparison to other methods. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples of 10 normal controls and the amniotic fluid of 55 patients. Aneuploidies screening of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y were carried out using specific MLPA probe mixes (P095-A2). For comparison purposes, samples were also tested by Quantitative Fluorescent-PCR (QF-PCR) and routine chromosomal culture method. Results: Using this specific MLPA technique and data-analyzing software (Genemarker v1.85), one case was diagnosed with 45, X (e.g. Monosomy X or Turner’s Syndrome), and the remaining 54 cases revealed normal karyotypes. These results were concordant with routine chromosomal culture and QF-PCR findings. Conclusion: The experiment demonstrates that MLPA can provide a rapid and accurate clinical method for prenatal identification of common chromosomal aneuploidies with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. PMID:24976821

  19. Diagnosis of adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome.

    PubMed

    Hardy, Tristan S E; Norman, Robert J

    2013-08-01

    Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy affecting women of reproductive age and is increasingly recognized as a disorder manifesting in the peripubertal and adolescent period. Diagnosis in the adolescent is difficult due to the high background rate of menstrual irregularity, the high prevalence of polycystic ovarian morphology and hyperandrogenic features in this population. Recent guidelines suggest that menstrual irregularity for over two years, reduced reliance on ultrasound diagnosis of polycystic ovarian morphology, and accurate assessment of hyperandrogenic and metabolic features are suitable strategies for the diagnosis of PCOS in the adolescent. Accurate diagnosis is important given the long-term implications of the disorder, with increasing emphasis on metabolic sequelae. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Evaluation of amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) technique for quick and accurate prenatal gene diagnosis of CHM variant in choroideremia.

    PubMed

    Yang, Lisha; Ijaz, Iqra; Cheng, Jingliang; Wei, Chunli; Tan, Xiaojun; Khan, Md Asaduzzaman; Fu, Xiaodong; Fu, Junjiang

    2018-01-01

    Choroideremia is a rare X-linked recessive inherited disorder that causes chorioretinal dystrophy leading to visual impairment in its early stages which finally causes total blindness in the affected person. It is caused due to mutations in the CHM gene. In this study, we have recruited a pedigree with choroideremia and detected a nonsense variant (c.C799T:p.R267X) in CHM of the proband (I:1). Different primer sets for amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) were designed and PCR conditions were optimized. Then, we evaluated the sequence variant in the patient, carrier, and a fetus by using ARMS technique to identify if they inherited the pathogenic gene from parental generation; we used amniotic fluid DNA for the diagnosis of the gene in the fetus. The primer pairs, WT2+C and MT+C, amplified high specific products in different DNAs which were verified by Sanger sequencing. Based on our results, ARMS technique is fast, accurate, and reliable prenatal gene diagnostic tool to assess CHM variants. Taken together, our study indicates that ARMS technique can be used as a potential molecular tool in the diagnosis of prenatal mutation for choroideremia as well as other genetic diseases in undeveloped and developing countries, where there might be shortage of medical resources and supplies.

  1. Exact expressions and accurate approximations for the dependences of radius and index of refraction of solutions of inorganic solutes on relative humidity

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lewis, E.R.; Schwartz, S.

    2010-03-15

    Light scattering by aerosols plays an important role in Earth’s radiative balance, and quantification of this phenomenon is important in understanding and accounting for anthropogenic influences on Earth’s climate. Light scattering by an aerosol particle is determined by its radius and index of refraction, and for aerosol particles that are hygroscopic, both of these quantities vary with relative humidity RH. Here exact expressions are derived for the dependences of the radius ratio (relative to the volume-equivalent dry radius) and index of refraction on RH for aqueous solutions of single solutes. Both of these quantities depend on the apparent molal volumemore » of the solute in solution and on the practical osmotic coefficient of the solution, which in turn depend on concentration and thus implicitly on RH. Simple but accurate approximations are also presented for the RH dependences of both radius ratio and index of refraction for several atmospherically important inorganic solutes over the entire range of RH values for which these substances can exist as solution drops. For all substances considered, the radius ratio is accurate to within a few percent, and the index of refraction to within ~0.02, over this range of RH. Such parameterizations will be useful in radiation transfer models and climate models.« less

  2. Reliability of visual diagnosis of endometriosis.

    PubMed

    Fernando, Shavi; Soh, Pei Qian; Cooper, Michael; Evans, Susan; Reid, Geoffrey; Tsaltas, Jim; Rombauts, Luk

    2013-01-01

    To determine whether accuracy of visual diagnosis of endometriosis at laparoscopy is determined by stage of disease. Prospective longitudinal cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Tertiary referral centers in three Australian states. Of 1439 biopsy specimens, endometriosis was proved in at least one specimen in 431 patients. Laparoscopy with visual diagnosis and staging of endometriosis followed by histopathologic analysis and confirmation. Operations were performed by five experienced laparoscopic gynecologists. Histopathologic confirmation of visual diagnosis of endometriosis adjusted for significant covariates. Endometriosis was accurately diagnosed in 49.7% of American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) stage I, which was significantly less accurate than for other stages of endometriosis. Deep endometriosis was more likely to be diagnosed accurately than superficial endometriosis (adjusted odds ratio, 2.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.50-4.18; p < .01). Lesion volume was also predictive, with larger lesions diagnosed more accurately than smaller lesions. In general, lesion site did not greatly influence accuracy except for superficial ovarian lesions, which were more likely to be incorrectly diagnosed visually as endometriosis (adjusted odds ratio, 0.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.41; p < .01). There was no statistically significant difference in accuracy between the gynecologic surgeons. The accuracy of visual diagnosis of endometriosis was substantially influenced by American Society of Reproductive Medicine stage, the depth and volume of the lesion, and to a lesser extent the location of the lesion. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Can optical diagnosis of small colon polyps be accurate? Comparing standard scope without narrow banding to high definition scope with narrow banding

    PubMed Central

    Ashktorab, Hassan; Etaati, Firoozeh; Rezaeean, Farahnaz; Nouraie, Mehdi; Paydar, Mansour; Namin, Hassan Hassanzadeh; Sanderson, Andrew; Begum, Rehana; Alkhalloufi, Kawtar; Brim, Hassan; Laiyemo, Adeyinka O

    2016-01-01

    AIM: To study the accuracy of using high definition (HD) scope with narrow band imaging (NBI) vs standard white light colonoscope without NBI (ST), to predict the histology of the colon polyps, particularly those < 1 cm. METHODS: A total of 147 African Americans patients who were referred to Howard University Hospital for screening or, diagnostic or follow up colonoscopy, during a 12-mo period in 2012 were prospectively recruited. Some patients had multiple polyps and total number of polyps was 179. Their colonoscopies were performed by 3 experienced endoscopists who determined the size and stated whether the polyps being removed were hyperplastic or adenomatous polyps using standard colonoscopes or high definition colonoscopes with NBI. The histopathologic diagnosis was reported by pathologists as part of routine care. RESULTS: Of participants in the study, 55 (37%) were male and median (interquartile range) of age was 56 (19-80). Demographic, clinical characteristics, past medical history of patients, and the data obtained by two instruments were not significantly different and two methods detected similar number of polyps. In ST scope 89% of polyps were < 1 cm vs 87% in HD scope (P = 0.7). The ST scope had a positive predictive value (PPV) and positive likelihood ratio (PLR) of 86% and 4.0 for adenoma compared to 74% and 2.6 for HD scope. There was a trend of higher sensitivity for HD scope (68%) compare to ST scope (53%) with almost the same specificity. The ST scope had a PPV and PLR of 38% and 1.8 for hyperplastic polyp (HPP) compared to 42% and 2.2 for HD scope. The sensitivity and specificity of two instruments for HPP diagnosis were similar. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that HD scope was more sensitive in diagnosis of adenoma than ST scope. Clinical diagnosis of HPP with either scope is less accurate compared to adenoma. Colonoscopy diagnosis is not yet fully matched with pathologic diagnosis of colon polyp. However with the advancement of both

  4. Can optical diagnosis of small colon polyps be accurate? Comparing standard scope without narrow banding to high definition scope with narrow banding.

    PubMed

    Ashktorab, Hassan; Etaati, Firoozeh; Rezaeean, Farahnaz; Nouraie, Mehdi; Paydar, Mansour; Namin, Hassan Hassanzadeh; Sanderson, Andrew; Begum, Rehana; Alkhalloufi, Kawtar; Brim, Hassan; Laiyemo, Adeyinka O

    2016-07-28

    To study the accuracy of using high definition (HD) scope with narrow band imaging (NBI) vs standard white light colonoscope without NBI (ST), to predict the histology of the colon polyps, particularly those < 1 cm. A total of 147 African Americans patients who were referred to Howard University Hospital for screening or, diagnostic or follow up colonoscopy, during a 12-mo period in 2012 were prospectively recruited. Some patients had multiple polyps and total number of polyps was 179. Their colonoscopies were performed by 3 experienced endoscopists who determined the size and stated whether the polyps being removed were hyperplastic or adenomatous polyps using standard colonoscopes or high definition colonoscopes with NBI. The histopathologic diagnosis was reported by pathologists as part of routine care. Of participants in the study, 55 (37%) were male and median (interquartile range) of age was 56 (19-80). Demographic, clinical characteristics, past medical history of patients, and the data obtained by two instruments were not significantly different and two methods detected similar number of polyps. In ST scope 89% of polyps were < 1 cm vs 87% in HD scope (P = 0.7). The ST scope had a positive predictive value (PPV) and positive likelihood ratio (PLR) of 86% and 4.0 for adenoma compared to 74% and 2.6 for HD scope. There was a trend of higher sensitivity for HD scope (68%) compare to ST scope (53%) with almost the same specificity. The ST scope had a PPV and PLR of 38% and 1.8 for hyperplastic polyp (HPP) compared to 42% and 2.2 for HD scope. The sensitivity and specificity of two instruments for HPP diagnosis were similar. Our results indicated that HD scope was more sensitive in diagnosis of adenoma than ST scope. Clinical diagnosis of HPP with either scope is less accurate compared to adenoma. Colonoscopy diagnosis is not yet fully matched with pathologic diagnosis of colon polyp. However with the advancement of both imaging and training, it may be possible

  5. Cost and Budget Impact Analysis of an Accurate Intraoperative Sentinel Lymph Node Diagnosis for Breast Cancer Metastasis.

    PubMed

    Saruta, Yuko; Puig-Junoy, Jaume

    2016-06-01

    Conventional intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer (BC) has limitations in establishing a definitive diagnosis of metastasis intraoperatively, leading to an unnecessary second operation. The one-step nucleic amplification assay (OSNA) provides accurate intraoperative diagnosis and avoids further testing. Only five articles have researched the cost and cost effectiveness of this diagnostic tool, although many hospitals have adopted it, and economic evaluation is needed for budget holders. We aimed to measure the budget impact in Japanese BC patients after the introduction of OSNA, and assess the certainty of the results. Budget impact analysis of OSNA on Japanese healthcare expenditure from 2015 to 2020. Local governments, society-managed health insurers, and Japan health insurance associations were the budget holders. In order to assess the cost gap between the gold standard (GS) and OSNA in intraoperative SLNB, a two-scenario comparative model that was structured using the clinical pathway of a BC patient group who received SLNB was applied. Clinical practice guidelines for BC were cited for cost estimation. The total estimated cost of all BC patients diagnosed by GS was US$1,023,313,850. The budget impact of OSNA in total health expenditure was -US$24,413,153 (-US$346 per patient). Two-way sensitivity analysis between survival rate (SR) of the GS and OSNA was performed by illustrating a cost-saving threshold: y ≅ 1.14x - 0.16 in positive patients, and y ≅ 0.96x + 0.029 in negative patients (x = SR-GS, y = SR-OSNA). Base inputs of the variables in these formulas demonstrated a cost saving. OSNA reduces healthcare costs, as confirmed by sensitivity analysis.

  6. Perforated posterior cecal diverticulum: challenges in establishing an accurate preoperative diagnosis of a rare emergency.

    PubMed

    Salemis, Nikolaos S; Grapatsas, Konstantinos; Matzoukas, Ioannis; Lagoudianakis, Emmanuel

    2015-03-01

    Solitary cecal diverticulitis is a rare cause of abdominal pain in Western countries. The preoperative diagnosis is very difficult to establish and most patients are operated on with a presumptive diagnosis of acute appendicitis based on clinical grounds. We describe a very rare case of perforated posterior cecal diverticulum and discuss the challenges in establishing a correct preoperative diagnosis. We conclude that although very rare, the possibility of perforated posteriorcecal diverticulum should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with atypical clinical manifestations of acute appendicitis. A perforation of a posterior cecal diverticulum maybe associated with a mild clinical course without signs of peritonitis. Athorough preoperative evaluation including a computed tomography scan is essential in order to establish a correct preoperative diagnosis which is of utmost importance for treatment planning in the emergency setting. Simple diverticulectomy is an effective surgical treatment in the absence of extensive inflammatory changes and when a colonic tumor can be ruled out.

  7. Accurate diagnosis of thyroid follicular lesions from nuclear morphology using supervised learning.

    PubMed

    Ozolek, John A; Tosun, Akif Burak; Wang, Wei; Chen, Cheng; Kolouri, Soheil; Basu, Saurav; Huang, Hu; Rohde, Gustavo K

    2014-07-01

    Follicular lesions of the thyroid remain significant diagnostic challenges in surgical pathology and cytology. The diagnosis often requires considerable resources and ancillary tests including immunohistochemistry, molecular studies, and expert consultation. Visual analyses of nuclear morphological features, generally speaking, have not been helpful in distinguishing this group of lesions. Here we describe a method for distinguishing between follicular lesions of the thyroid based on nuclear morphology. The method utilizes an optimal transport-based linear embedding for segmented nuclei, together with an adaptation of existing classification methods. We show the method outputs assignments (classification results) which are near perfectly correlated with the clinical diagnosis of several lesion types' lesions utilizing a database of 94 patients in total. Experimental comparisons also show the new method can significantly outperform standard numerical feature-type methods in terms of agreement with the clinical diagnosis gold standard. In addition, the new method could potentially be used to derive insights into biologically meaningful nuclear morphology differences in these lesions. Our methods could be incorporated into a tool for pathologists to aid in distinguishing between follicular lesions of the thyroid. In addition, these results could potentially provide nuclear morphological correlates of biological behavior and reduce health care costs by decreasing histotechnician and pathologist time and obviating the need for ancillary testing. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. Tobacco dependence diagnosis and treatment in Veterans Health Administration residential substance use disorder treatment programs.

    PubMed

    Gifford, Elizabeth V; Tavakoli, Sara; Wang, Ruey; Hagedorn, Hildi J; Hamlett-Berry, Kim W

    2013-06-01

    To explore tobacco dependence (TD) diagnosis and treatment utilization, and identify predictors of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) among veterans with substance use disorders (SUDs) enrolled in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) SUD residential treatment programs (SRTPs). Retrospective cohort study. VHA SRTPs, which treat veterans with SUD and multiple severe psychosocial deficits, from 1 October 2009 to 31 September 2010. Identified tobacco users among veterans with SUD treated in SRTPs during fiscal year 2010 (FY10). Rates of documented TD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy were assessed nationally, regionally and by facility. Patient-level predictors of NRT were examined using a mixed-effects logistic regression model with facility as a random effect. A total of 12 097 of the 15 320 veterans in SRTPs in FY10 (79%) were identified as probable tobacco users. Among these, 33% had a documented TD diagnosis, 34% were treated with pharmacotherapy and only 11% were both diagnosed and treated for TD while in SRTP. NRT was more common among patients with a current documented TD diagnosis, recent history of TD treatment, comorbid mental health disorder, age 55 years or younger and identified as white. Most veterans in Veterans Health Administration substance use disorders residential treatment programs appear to use tobacco, yet only one in 10 receives a documented ICD-9 TD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy while in a substance use disorders residential treatment program. © 2013 Society for the Study of Addiction.

  9. Are rapid diagnostic tests more accurate in diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum malaria compared to microscopy at rural health centres?

    PubMed

    Batwala, Vincent; Magnussen, Pascal; Nuwaha, Fred

    2010-12-02

    Prompt, accurate diagnosis and treatment with artemisinin combination therapy remains vital to current malaria control. Blood film microscopy the current standard test for diagnosis of malaria has several limitations that necessitate field evaluation of alternative diagnostic methods especially in low income countries of sub-Saharan Africa where malaria is endemic. The accuracy of axillary temperature, health centre (HC) microscopy, expert microscopy and a HRP2-based rapid diagnostic test (Paracheck) was compared in predicting malaria infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the gold standard. Three hundred patients with a clinical suspicion of malaria based on fever and or history of fever from a low and high transmission setting in Uganda were consecutively enrolled and provided blood samples for all tests. Accuracy of each test was calculated overall with 95% confidence interval and then adjusted for age-groups and level of transmission intensity using a stratified analysis. The endpoints were: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). This study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00565071. Of the 300 patients, 88(29.3%) had fever, 56(18.7%) were positive by HC microscopy, 47(15.7%) by expert microscopy, 110(36.7%) by Paracheck and 89(29.7%) by PCR. The overall sensitivity >90% was only shown by Paracheck 91.0% [95%CI: 83.1-96.0]. The sensitivity of expert microscopy was 46%, similar to HC microscopy. The superior sensitivity of Paracheck compared to microscopy was maintained when data was stratified for transmission intensity and age. The overall specificity rates were: Paracheck 86.3% [95%CI: 80.9-90.6], HC microscopy 93.4% [95%CI: 89.1-96.3] and expert microscopy 97.2% [95%CI: 93.9-98.9]. The NPV >90% was shown by Paracheck 95.8% [95%CI: 91.9-98.2]. The overall PPV was <88% for all methods. The HRP2-based RDT has shown superior sensitivity compared to microscopy in diagnosis of malaria and

  10. How Long Can Stool Samples Be Fixed for an Accurate Diagnosis of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection Using Mini-FLOTAC?

    PubMed Central

    Barda, Beatrice; Albonico, Marco; Ianniello, Davide; Ame, Shaali M.; Keiser, Jennifer; Speich, Benjamin; Rinaldi, Laura; Cringoli, Giuseppe; Burioni, Roberto; Montresor, Antonio; Utzinger, Jürg

    2015-01-01

    Background Kato-Katz is a widely used method for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infection. Fecal samples cannot be preserved, and hence, should be processed on the day of collection and examined under a microscope within 60 min of slide preparation. Mini-FLOTAC is a technique that allows examining fixed fecal samples. We assessed the performance of Mini-FLOTAC using formalin-fixed stool samples compared to Kato-Katz and determined the dynamics of prevalence and intensity estimates of soil-transmitted helminth infection over a 31-day time period. Methodology The study was carried out in late 2013 on Pemba Island, Tanzania. Forty-one children were enrolled and stool samples were subjected on the day of collection to a single Kato-Katz thick smear and Mini-FLOTAC examination; 12 aliquots of stool were fixed in 5% formalin and subsequently examined by Mini-FLOTAC up to 31 days after collection. Principal Findings The combined results from Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC revealed that 100% of children were positive for Trichuris trichiura, 85% for Ascaris lumbricoides, and 54% for hookworm. Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC techniques found similar prevalence estimates for A. lumbricoides (85% versus 76%), T. trichiura (98% versus 100%), and hookworm (42% versus 51%). The mean eggs per gram of stool (EPG) according to Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC was 12,075 and 11,679 for A. lumbricoides, 1,074 and 1,592 for T. trichiura, and 255 and 220 for hookworm, respectively. The mean EPG from day 1 to 31 of fixation was stable for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, but gradually declined for hookworm, starting at day 15. Conclusions/Significance The findings of our study suggest that for a qualitative diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infection, stool samples can be fixed in 5% formalin for at least 30 days. However, for an accurate quantitative diagnosis of hookworm, we suggest a limit of 15 days of preservation. Our results have direct implication for integrating soil

  11. Non-melanoma skin cancer of the head and neck: the aid of reflectance confocal microscopy for the accurate diagnosis and management.

    PubMed

    Ferrari, Barbara; Salgarelli, Attilio C; Mandel, Victor D; Bellini, Pierantonio; Reggiani, Camilla; Farnetani, Francesca; Pellacani, Giovanni; Magnoni, Cristina

    2017-04-01

    Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) represents the most common cutaneous neoplasms of the head and neck. In recent years, novel non-invasive diagnostic tool have been developed, and among these we have the reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), that offers the evaluation of the skin at real time with cellular resolution. Numerous studies have identified the main confocal features of skin tumours, demonstrating the good correlation of these features with certain dermatoscopic patterns and histologic findings. The aim of this analysis was to provide new insight into the role of RCM in the diagnosis and management of NMSC of the head and neck. Data comes from the most recent literature, taking into account previous essential reported information in this field. The study eligibility criteria were: studies providing update information, focusing on RCM findings in NMSC, without restrictions for age, sex, ethnicity. A search concerning the role of dermoscopy and RCM in the diagnosis of NMSC was performed on Medline. Duplicated studies, single case report and papers with language other than English were excluded from this study. RCM clues were analysed for NMSC in association with clinical, dermoscopic and histopathologic findings. Moreover, some new findings have been described and possible applications for NMSC of the head and neck have been discussed. RCM allows tissue imaging in vivo contributing to a more accurate diagnosis of NMSC of the head and neck, sparing time for the patient and costs for the public health system. RCM can also be used for selection of the biopsy site and it is helpful in defining the surgical safety margins to keep during the excision of skin cancers.

  12. Non-transfusion-dependent thalassemias

    PubMed Central

    Musallam, Khaled M.; Rivella, Stefano; Vichinsky, Elliott; Rachmilewitz, Eliezer A.

    2013-01-01

    Non-transfusion-dependent thalassemias include a variety of phenotypes that, unlike patients with beta (β)-thalassemia major, do not require regular transfusion therapy for survival. The most commonly investigated forms are β-thalassemia intermedia, hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia, and α-thalassemia intermedia (hemoglobin H disease). However, transfusion-independence in such patients is not without side effects. Ineffective erythropoiesis and peripheral hemolysis, the hallmarks of disease process, lead to a variety of subsequent pathophysiologies including iron overload and hypercoagulability that ultimately lead to a number of serious clinical morbidities. Thus, prompt and accurate diagnosis of non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia is essential to ensure early intervention. Although several management options are currently available, the need to develop more novel therapeutics is justified by recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of disease. Such efforts require wide international collaboration, especially since non-transfusion-dependent thalassemias are no longer bound to low- and middle-income countries but have spread to large multiethnic cities in Europe and the Americas due to continued migration. PMID:23729725

  13. Genetic origin of α0-thalassemia (SEA deletion) in Southeast Asian populations and application to accurate prenatal diagnosis of Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome.

    PubMed

    Jomoui, Wittaya; Fucharoen, Goonnapa; Sanchaisuriya, Kanokwan; Charoenwijitkul, Patnaree; Maneesarn, Jitpanu; Xu, Xiangmin; Fucharoen, Supan

    2017-08-01

    α 0 -thalassemia of SEA deletion (- SEA ) is common among Southeast Asian and Chinese. Using haplotype and phylogenetic analyses, we examined the origin of this defect in Southeast Asian populations. Study was done on both normal and α 0 -thalassemia alleles in 3 ethnic groups including 96 Thai, 52 Laotian and 21 Cambodian. Five SNPs encompassing the (- SEA ) including (rs3760053 T>G), (rs1211375 A>C), (rs3918352 A>G), (rs1203974 A>G) and (rs11248914 C>T) were examined using high-resolution melting assays. It was found that 94.0% of Thai, 100% of Laotian and 100% of Cambodian α 0 -thalassemia alleles were linked to the same haplotype: the haplotype H4 (AAGC), representing an Asian specific origin. An G allele of the (rs3760053) was found to be in strong linkage disequilibrium with the α 0 -thalassemia allele in these populations. A multiplex PCR assay was developed to detect simultaneously the (- SEA ) allele and genotyping of a linked (rs3760053) to improve accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of α 0 -thalassemia. Application of this multiplex PCR assay for routine prenatal diagnosis of α 0 -thalassemia in 12 families revealed a 100% concordant result with conventional gap-PCR assay. Therefore, a single genetic origin is responsible for the spread and high prevalence of the (- SEA ) in the region. The multiplex PCR assay developed should provide a double-check PCR system for more accurate diagnosis and allow the monitoring of possible maternal contamination at prenatal diagnosis of this important genetic disorder.

  14. Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

    PubMed Central

    2018-01-01

    Leukaemia is a form of blood cancer which affects the white blood cells and damages the bone marrow. Usually complete blood count (CBC) and bone marrow aspiration are used to diagnose the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. It can be a fatal disease if not diagnosed at the earlier stage. In practice, manual microscopic evaluation of stained sample slide is used for diagnosis of leukaemia. But manual diagnostic methods are time-consuming, less accurate, and prone to errors due to various human factors like stress, fatigue, and so forth. Therefore, different automated systems have been proposed to wrestle the glitches in the manual diagnostic methods. In recent past, some computer-aided leukaemia diagnosis methods are presented. These automated systems are fast, reliable, and accurate as compared to manual diagnosis methods. This paper presents review of computer-aided diagnosis systems regarding their methodologies that include enhancement, segmentation, feature extraction, classification, and accuracy. PMID:29681996

  15. Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Hypoparathyroidism

    PubMed Central

    Brown, Edward M.; Collins, Michael T.; Jüppner, Harald; Lakatos, Peter; Levine, Michael A.; Mannstadt, Michael M.; Bilezikian, John P.; Romanischen, Anatoly F.; Thakker, Rajesh V.

    2016-01-01

    Context: Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder characterized by hypocalcemia due to insufficient secretion of PTH. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a less common disorder due to target organ resistance to PTH. This report summarizes the results of the findings and recommendations of the Working Group on Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Hypoparathyroidism. Evidence Acquisition: Each contributing author reviewed the recent published literature regarding epidemiology and diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism using PubMed and other medical literature search engines. Evidence Synthesis: The prevalence of hypoparathyroidism is an estimated 37 per 100 000 person-years in the United States and 22 per 100 000 person-years in Denmark. The incidence in Denmark is approximately 0.8 per 100 000 person-years. Estimates of prevalence and incidence of hypoparathyroidism are currently lacking in most other countries. Hypoparathyroidism increases the risk of renal insufficiency, kidney stones, posterior subcapsular cataracts, and intracerebral calcifications, but it does not appear to increase overall mortality, cardiovascular disease, fractures, or malignancy. The diagnosis depends upon accurate measurement of PTH by second- and third-generation assays. The most common etiology is postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, followed by autoimmune disorders and rarely genetic disorders. Even more rare are etiologies including parathyroid gland infiltration, external radiation treatment, and radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid disease. Differentiation between these different etiologies is aided by the clinical presentation, serum biochemistries, and in some cases, genetic testing. Conclusions: Hypoparathyroidism is often associated with complications and comorbidities. It is important for endocrinologists and other physicians who care for these patients to be aware of recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and genetics of this disorder. PMID:26943720

  16. Copeptin in the diagnosis of vasopressin-dependent disorders of fluid homeostasis.

    PubMed

    Christ-Crain, Mirjam; Fenske, Wiebke

    2016-03-01

    Copeptin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are derived from a common precursor molecule and have equimolar secretion and response to osmotic, haemodynamic and stress-related stimuli. Plasma concentrations of copeptin and AVP in relation to serum osmolality are highly correlated. The physiological functions of AVP with respect to homeostasis of fluid balance, vascular tonus and regulation of the endocrine stress response are well known, but the exact function of copeptin is undetermined. Quantification of AVP can be difficult, but copeptin is stable in plasma and can be easily measured with a sandwich immunoassay. For this reason, copeptin has emerged as a promising marker for the diagnosis of AVP-dependent fluid disorders. Copeptin measurements can enable differentiation between various conditions within the polyuria-polydipsia syndrome. In the absence of prior fluid deprivation, baseline copeptin levels >20 pmol/l identify patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Conversely, copeptin levels measured upon osmotic stimulation differentiate primary polydipsia from partial central diabetes insipidus. In patients with hyponatraemia, low levels of copeptin together with low urine osmolality identify patients with primary polydipsia, and the ratio of copeptin to urinary sodium can distinguish the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion from other AVP-dependent forms of hyponatraemia.

  17. A Clinician's Guide to the Diagnosis and Management of Gallbladder Volvulus.

    PubMed

    Pottorf, Brian J; Alfaro, Leonardo; Hollis, Harris W

    2013-01-01

    Gallbladder volvulus (GV), or torsion of the gallbladder, is an uncommon surgical emergency. This article reviews the world literature related to GV. We examine the history of gallbladder torsion and highlight the critical constellation of presenting signs and symptoms, which guide the acute care physician and surgeon to accurate and timely diagnosis of GV before surgical intervention. A comprehensive review of all published cases of GV was performed using the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database. Lists of typical symptoms and clinical presentations are provided to allow clinicians to establish an accurate preoperative diagnosis. GV is frequently undiagnosed before surgical intervention. However, clinical presentation and associated radiographic findings can lead to an accurate diagnosis if the clinician is aware of this uncommon condition. When the diagnosis has been established before operative intervention, expeditious laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed safely. Delays in diagnosis may mandate open cholecystectomy if laparoscopic extraction is contraindicated because of undesirable sequelae of gallbladder necrosis, specifically perforation, bilious peritonitis, and hemodynamic instability.

  18. Multiclass cancer diagnosis using tumor gene expression signatures

    DOE PAGES

    Ramaswamy, S.; Tamayo, P.; Rifkin, R.; ...

    2001-12-11

    The optimal treatment of patients with cancer depends on establishing accurate diagnoses by using a complex combination of clinical and histopathological data. In some instances, this task is difficult or impossible because of atypical clinical presentation or histopathology. To determine whether the diagnosis of multiple common adult malignancies could be achieved purely by molecular classification, we subjected 218 tumor samples, spanning 14 common tumor types, and 90 normal tissue samples to oligonucleotide microarray gene expression analysis. The expression levels of 16,063 genes and expressed sequence tags were used to evaluate the accuracy of a multiclass classifier based on a supportmore » vector machine algorithm. Overall classification accuracy was 78%, far exceeding the accuracy of random classification (9%). Poorly differentiated cancers resulted in low-confidence predictions and could not be accurately classified according to their tissue of origin, indicating that they are molecularly distinct entities with dramatically different gene expression patterns compared with their well differentiated counterparts. Taken together, these results demonstrate the feasibility of accurate, multiclass molecular cancer classification and suggest a strategy for future clinical implementation of molecular cancer diagnostics.« less

  19. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac iron overload in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients.

    PubMed

    Siri-Angkul, Natthaphat; Chattipakorn, Siriporn C; Chattipakorn, Nipon

    2018-05-18

    Thalassemia is among the most common genetic diseases. Patients with severe forms of the disease are transfusion-dependent, leading to iron overload. A condition which can eventually develop in the iron-loaded heart is iron overload cardiomyopathy, a debilitating disease that accounts for the majority of deaths in thalassemia patients. Areas covered: This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac iron overload in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients, with discussion covering current weak points and potential improvements of the relevant diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Expert commentary: Current limitations of various diagnostic techniques for iron overload cardiomyopathy include suboptimal accuracy, untimely detection, or inadequate accessibility, and novel modalities are required to overcome these shortcomings. Treatment should address key pathophysiologic mechanisms of iron overload cardiomyopathy, which include cardiac iron mishandling and iron-induced oxidative injury. Apart from the promotion of iron removal by chelators, prevention of cardiac iron deposition and attenuation of oxidative damage should also be rigorously investigated on a cell-to-bedside basis.

  20. Differential diagnosis of degenerative dementias using basic neuropsychological tests: multivariable logistic regression analysis of 301 patients.

    PubMed

    Jiménez-Huete, Adolfo; Riva, Elena; Toledano, Rafael; Campo, Pablo; Esteban, Jesús; Barrio, Antonio Del; Franch, Oriol

    2014-12-01

    The validity of neuropsychological tests for the differential diagnosis of degenerative dementias may depend on the clinical context. We constructed a series of logistic models taking into account this factor. We retrospectively analyzed the demographic and neuropsychological data of 301 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal degeneration (FTLD), or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Nine models were constructed taking into account the diagnostic question (eg, AD vs DLB) and subpopulation (incident vs prevalent). The AD versus DLB model for all patients, including memory recovery and phonological fluency, was highly accurate (area under the curve = 0.919, sensitivity = 90%, and specificity = 80%). The results were comparable in incident and prevalent cases. The FTLD versus AD and DLB versus FTLD models were both inaccurate. The models constructed from basic neuropsychological variables allowed an accurate differential diagnosis of AD versus DLB but not of FTLD versus AD or DLB. © The Author(s) 2014.

  1. The role of skin and muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of main connective tissue diseases.

    PubMed

    Firulescu, Sineta Cristina; Tudoraşcu, Diana Rodica; Pârvănescu, Cristina Dorina; Chisălău, Andreea Beatrice; Bastian, Alexandra Eugenia; Efrem, Ion Cristian; Bărbulescu, Andreea Lili; Forţofoiu, Mircea Cătălin; Criveanu, Cristina; Ionescu, Petronela; Dinescu, Ştefan Cristian; Tudorancea, Andreea Daniela; Ciurea, Paulina Lucia; Vreju, Ananu Florentin

    2018-01-01

    Systemic involvement in autoimmune diseases is often unclear and organ changes are confounding, thus making it difficult to have an early accurate diagnosis. In those situations, both clinical and paraclinical findings might orientate the diagnosis, but only histological or immunohistochemistry changes might be accurate enough. The skin histological changes are relevant and sometimes might have a tremendous role in the accurate diagnosis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, due to the correlation with the clinical systemic manifestations of the diseases and through the accessibility of biopsy. In the same time, muscle biopsy can provide important support for physicians improving diagnosis and optimizing management of connective tissue diseases.

  2. Recent Developments in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Toxoplasmosis.

    PubMed

    Ozgonul, Cem; Besirli, Cagri Giray

    2017-01-01

    Ocular toxoplasmosis, a chorioretinal infection with Toxoplasma gondii, is the most common etiology of posterior uveitis in many countries. Accurate diagnosis depends heavily on the characteristic clinical features of this disease, but atypical presentations, especially in immunocompromised patients, may create diagnostic challenges and lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Molecular biology techniques to diagnose ocular toxoplasmosis have been available for many years and are now accessible as standard laboratory tests in many countries. Aqueous humor or vitreous evaluation to detect parasite DNA by polymerase chain reaction or specific antibody may provide definitive evidence for rapid diagnosis. Oral pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine plus systemic corticosteroids are an effective therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis. Recent data supports the use of other treatment approaches, including intravitreal antibiotics. The aim of the present review is to discuss briefly the new diagnostic tools and treatment options for ocular toxoplasmosis. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  3. Lung tumor diagnosis and subtype discovery by gene expression profiling.

    PubMed

    Wang, Lu-yong; Tu, Zhuowen

    2006-01-01

    The optimal treatment of patients with complex diseases, such as cancers, depends on the accurate diagnosis by using a combination of clinical and histopathological data. In many scenarios, it becomes tremendously difficult because of the limitations in clinical presentation and histopathology. To accurate diagnose complex diseases, the molecular classification based on gene or protein expression profiles are indispensable for modern medicine. Moreover, many heterogeneous diseases consist of various potential subtypes in molecular basis and differ remarkably in their response to therapies. It is critical to accurate predict subgroup on disease gene expression profiles. More fundamental knowledge of the molecular basis and classification of disease could aid in the prediction of patient outcome, the informed selection of therapies, and identification of novel molecular targets for therapy. In this paper, we propose a new disease diagnostic method, probabilistic boosting tree (PB tree) method, on gene expression profiles of lung tumors. It enables accurate disease classification and subtype discovery in disease. It automatically constructs a tree in which each node combines a number of weak classifiers into a strong classifier. Also, subtype discovery is naturally embedded in the learning process. Our algorithm achieves excellent diagnostic performance, and meanwhile it is capable of detecting the disease subtype based on gene expression profile.

  4. A Clinician’s Guide to the Diagnosis and Management of Gallbladder Volvulus

    PubMed Central

    Pottorf, Brian J; Alfaro, Leonardo; Hollis, Harris W

    2013-01-01

    Introduction: Gallbladder volvulus (GV), or torsion of the gallbladder, is an uncommon surgical emergency. This article reviews the world literature related to GV. We examine the history of gallbladder torsion and highlight the critical constellation of presenting signs and symptoms, which guide the acute care physician and surgeon to accurate and timely diagnosis of GV before surgical intervention. Methods: A comprehensive review of all published cases of GV was performed using the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database. Results: Lists of typical symptoms and clinical presentations are provided to allow clinicians to establish an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Conclusion: GV is frequently undiagnosed before surgical intervention. However, clinical presentation and associated radiographic findings can lead to an accurate diagnosis if the clinician is aware of this uncommon condition. When the diagnosis has been established before operative intervention, expeditious laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed safely. Delays in diagnosis may mandate open cholecystectomy if laparoscopic extraction is contraindicated because of undesirable sequelae of gallbladder necrosis, specifically perforation, bilious peritonitis, and hemodynamic instability. PMID:23704849

  5. Diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of stress fractures in the lower extremity in runners

    PubMed Central

    Kahanov, Leamor; Eberman, Lindsey E; Games, Kenneth E; Wasik, Mitch

    2015-01-01

    Stress fractures account for between 1% and 20% of athletic injuries, with 80% of stress fractures in the lower extremity. Stress fractures of the lower extremity are common injuries among individuals who participate in endurance, high load-bearing activities such as running, military and aerobic exercise and therefore require practitioner expertise in diagnosis and management. Accurate diagnosis for stress fractures is dependent on the anatomical area. Anatomical regions such as the pelvis, sacrum, and metatarsals offer challenges due to difficulty differentiating pathologies with common symptoms. Special tests and treatment regimes, however, are similar among most stress fractures with resolution between 4 weeks to a year. The most difficult aspect of stress fracture treatment entails mitigating internal and external risk factors. Practitioners should address ongoing risk factors to minimize recurrence. PMID:25848327

  6. Celiac Disease Diagnosis: Endoscopic Biopsy

    MedlinePlus

    ... tissue samples are also vital to an accurate diagnosis—celiac disease can cause patchy lesions in the duodenum which ... to perform an intestinal biopsy to establish the diagnosis of celiac disease in a patient with DH; the skin biopsy ...

  7. Bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of complex hand infections: a case series.

    PubMed

    Marvel, Brett A; Budhram, Gavin R

    2015-01-01

    The red, swollen, infected hand can be a diagnostically challenging presentation in the emergency department (ED). Hand infections are a relatively uncommon ED complaint, and diagnoses may range from simple cellulitis to deep space abscess, and even to suppurative flexor tenosynovitis. The accurate differentiation of these clinical entities is of paramount importance to healing and recovery of function. In this case series, we review 4 patients with similar presenting complaints of a red, swollen hand, but with much different diagnoses and eventual treatment strategies. We describe how ultrasound was used to assist in making the diagnosis and initiating the most appropriate therapy. Finally, we review techniques for sonographic evaluation of the hand and provide imaging tips to improve visualization and accurate diagnosis. Why should an emergency physician be aware of this? Bedside ultrasound may allow for a more rapid and accurate diagnosis of various hand infections when diagnosis by physical examination is unclear. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Heart failure diagnosis in acute conditions has high agreement with inpatient diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Seronde, Marie-France; Laribi, Said; Collins, Sean P; Deye, Nicolas; Logeart, Damien; Plaisance, Patrick; Cohen-Solal, Alain; Mebazaa, Alexandre

    2016-06-01

    Acute heart failure (AHF) is frequently encountered in the emergency department (ED) or in the cardiac care unit (CCU)/ICU. Discrimination between cardiac and noncardiac cause of dyspnea by clinical means and standard testing is sometimes inadequate. The aim of our study was to assess AHF diagnosis agreement as determined by: (a) the attending physician, (b) the hospital discharge diagnosis, and (c) an adjudication committee. Between 2010 and 2011, consecutive patients arriving for dyspnea in our hospital were prospectively included. A convenience sample of patients was enrolled in this analysis. Patients were admitted through the ED (280 patients) or through CCU/ICU (112 patients) for undifferentiated dyspnea. Overall, few differences were observed between the initial diagnosis and the hospital discharge diagnosis or the adjudicated diagnosis. Among the 200 patients with an initial diagnosis of AHF, hospital discharge diagnosis confirmed AHF (alone or combined) in 191 (95.5%) patients and the adjudication committee confirmed AHF (alone or combined) in 196 (98%) patients. Our study showed considerable agreement between different AHF diagnostic standards. An initial AHF diagnosis on the basis of clinical signs and biological parameters utilizing B-type natriuretic peptide testing has high agreement and accuracy with the hospital discharge and adjudicated diagnosis of AHF. The present study also shows that the accuracy of the initial AHF diagnosis allows rapid inclusion in AHF trials. These results, if confirmed in a broader cohort of patients, suggest that the initial ED diagnosis is highly accurate and reliable to guide further inpatient management.

  9. Genetic diagnosis as a tool for personalized treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

    PubMed

    Bello, Luca; Pegoraro, Elena

    2016-12-01

    Accurate definition of genetic mutations causing Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has always been relevant in order to provide genetic counseling to patients and families, and helps to establish the prognosis in the case where the distinction between Duchenne, Becker, or intermediate muscular dystrophy is not obvious. As molecular treatments aimed at dystrophin restoration in DMD are increasingly available as commercialized drugs or within clinical trials, genetic diagnosis has become an indispensable tool in order to determine eligibility for these treatments. DMD patients in which multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) or similar techniques show a deletion suitable to exon skipping of exons 44, 45, 51, or 53, may be currently treated with AONs targeting these exons, in the context of clinical trials, or, as is the case for exon 51 skipping in the United States, with the first commercialized drug (eteplirsen). Patients who test negative at MLPA, but in whom DMD gene sequencing shows a nonsense mutation, may be amenable for treatment with stop codon readthrough compounds such as ataluren. Novel molecular approaches such as CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of specific DMD mutations are still in the preclinical stages, but appear promising. In conclusion, an accurate genetic diagnosis represents the entrance into a new scenario of personalized medicine in DMD.

  10. Central nervous system drug consumption depending on the time between symptom onset and the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: an analysis by the Registry of Dementias of Girona.

    PubMed

    Calvó-Perxas, Laia; López-Pousa, Secundino; Vilalta-Franch, Joan; Turró-Garriga, Oriol; Blankenburg, Michael; Febrer, Laia; Flaqué, Margarida; Vallmajó, Natàlia; Aguirregomozcorta, Maria; Genís, David; Casas, Isabel; Perkal, Héctor; Coromina, Joan; Garre-Olmo, Josep

    2012-01-01

    To describe central nervous system (CNS) drug consumption patterns depending on the time to diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to check whether the cases diagnosed later are associated with greater severity and consuming more CNS drugs. Cross-sectional study using 952 cases of the Registry of Dementias of Girona. A binary logistic regression was used to detect variables associated with the use of CNS drugs depending on the time to diagnosis. CNS drugs were consumed by 95.8% of the AD patients. Only antipsychotics presented a statistically significant increase in the frequency of prescription to patients with longer time elapsed from symptom onset to AD diagnosis. Longer time elapsed from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis resulted in increased probability of antipsychotic consumption. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  11. Avian influenza surveillance and diagnosis

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Rapid detection and accurate identification of low (LPAI) and high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) is critical to controlling infections and disease in poultry. Test selection and algorithms for the detection and diagnosis of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry may vary somewhat among differ...

  12. Drug allergy in hospitalized perioperative patients: the contribution of a structured questionnaire for accurate diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Klieman, Polina; Fredman, Brian; Goldberg, Arnon; Confino-Cohen, Ronit

    2013-08-01

    History of drug allergy is a major cause for deviation from standard of care, as well as prescribing expensive medications. We aimed to evaluate drug allergy-related history taking by surgery interns and compare it with history taking by an allergist and an anesthetist using a simple, structured questionnaire. Patients with a declared drug allergy were prospectively recruited from surgical wards. The interns' drug allergy diagnosis was compared with that of the allergy specialist and anesthetist that used a structured questionnaire. A total of 195 patients with 305 reports of drug allergy were included; 52% of the reactions labeled by the surgical interns as allergic were tagged as not allergic by the anesthetist assisted by the questionnaire. The allergist found that 51% of these reactions represented either side effects or were nonrelated to the culprit drug. Inconsistency between drug allergy diagnosis of surgery interns and anesthetists and allergists are common. The use of a simple structured questionnaire by the ward physicians may be accessible and beneficial for more precise diagnosis of drug allergies.

  13. Prenatal diagnosis of holoprosencephaly.

    PubMed

    Kousa, Youssef A; du Plessis, Adré J; Vezina, Gilbert

    2018-05-17

    Holoprosencephaly is a spectrum of congenital defects of forebrain development characterized by incomplete separation of the cerebral hemispheres. In vivo diagnosis can be established with prenatal brain imaging and disease severity correlates with extent of abnormally developed brain tissue. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over the past 25 years and their application to the fetus have enabled diagnosis of holoprosencephaly in utero. Here, we report on the prenatal diagnosis of holoprosencephaly using MRI as part of a diagnostic and management evaluation at a tertiary and quaternary referral center. Using an advanced MRI protocol and a 1.5-Tesla magnet, we show radiographic data diagnostic for the holoprosencephaly spectrum, including alobar, semilobar, lobar, middle interhemispheric, and septopreoptic variant. Accurate prenatal evaluation is important because the severity of imaging findings correlates with postnatal morbidity and mortality in holoprosencephaly. Therefore, this work has implications for the evaluation, diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling that families can receive during a pregnancy. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  14. Diagnosis of multiple system atrophy

    PubMed Central

    Palma, Jose-Alberto; Norcliffe-Kaufmann, Lucy; Kaufmann, Horacio

    2017-01-01

    Multiple system atrophy (MSA) may be difficult to distinguish clinically from other disorders, particularly in the early stages of the disease. An autonomic-only presentation can be indistinguishable from pure autonomic failure. Patients presenting with parkinsonism may be misdiagnosed as having Parkinson disease. Patients presenting with the cerebellar phenotype of MSA can mimic other adult-onset ataxias due to alcohol, chemotherapeutic agents, lead, lithium, and toluene, or vitamin E deficiency, as well as paraneoplastic, autoimmune, or genetic ataxias. A careful medical history and meticulous neurological examination remain the cornerstone for the accurate diagnosis of MSA. Ancillary investigations are helpful to support the diagnosis, rule out potential mimics, and define therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes diagnostic investigations useful in the differential diagnosis of patients with suspected MSA. Currently used techniques include structural and functional brain imaging, cardiac sympathetic imaging, cardiovascular autonomic testing, olfactory testing, sleep study, urological evaluation, and dysphagia and cognitive assessments. Despite advances in the diagnostic tools for MSA in recent years and the availability of consensus criteria for clinical diagnosis, the diagnostic accuracy of MSA remains sub-optimal. As other diagnostic tools emerge, including skin biopsy, retinal biomarkers, blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and advanced genetic testing, a more accurate and earlier recognition of MSA should be possible, even in the prodromal stages. This has important implications as misdiagnosis can result in inappropriate treatment, patient and family distress, and erroneous eligibility for clinical trials of disease-modifying drugs. PMID:29111419

  15. Diagnosis and management of nasal congestion: the role of intranasal corticosteroids.

    PubMed

    Benninger, Michael

    2009-01-01

    Nasal congestion is considered the most bothersome of allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms and can significantly impair ability to function at work, home, and school. Effective management of AR-related nasal congestion depends on accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Many individuals with AR and AR-related congestion remain undiagnosed and do not receive prescription medication. However, new tools intended to improve the diagnosis of nasal congestion have been developed and validated. Intranasal corticosteroids (INSs) are recommended as first-line therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe AR and also when nasal congestion is a prominent symptom. Double blind, randomized clinical trials have demonstrated greater efficacy of INSs versus placebo, antihistamines, or montelukast for relief of all nasal symptoms, especially congestion. Patient adherence to treatment also affects outcomes, and this may be influenced by patient preferences for the sensory attributes of an individual drug. Increased awareness of the effects of AR-related nasal congestion, the efficacy and safety of available pharmacotherapies, and barriers to adherence may improve clinical outcomes.

  16. An implicit higher-order spatially accurate scheme for solving time dependent flows on unstructured meshes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tomaro, Robert F.

    1998-07-01

    The present research is aimed at developing a higher-order, spatially accurate scheme for both steady and unsteady flow simulations using unstructured meshes. The resulting scheme must work on a variety of general problems to ensure the creation of a flexible, reliable and accurate aerodynamic analysis tool. To calculate the flow around complex configurations, unstructured grids and the associated flow solvers have been developed. Efficient simulations require the minimum use of computer memory and computational times. Unstructured flow solvers typically require more computer memory than a structured flow solver due to the indirect addressing of the cells. The approach taken in the present research was to modify an existing three-dimensional unstructured flow solver to first decrease the computational time required for a solution and then to increase the spatial accuracy. The terms required to simulate flow involving non-stationary grids were also implemented. First, an implicit solution algorithm was implemented to replace the existing explicit procedure. Several test cases, including internal and external, inviscid and viscous, two-dimensional, three-dimensional and axi-symmetric problems, were simulated for comparison between the explicit and implicit solution procedures. The increased efficiency and robustness of modified code due to the implicit algorithm was demonstrated. Two unsteady test cases, a plunging airfoil and a wing undergoing bending and torsion, were simulated using the implicit algorithm modified to include the terms required for a moving and/or deforming grid. Secondly, a higher than second-order spatially accurate scheme was developed and implemented into the baseline code. Third- and fourth-order spatially accurate schemes were implemented and tested. The original dissipation was modified to include higher-order terms and modified near shock waves to limit pre- and post-shock oscillations. The unsteady cases were repeated using the higher

  17. Interrelated effects of substance use diagnosis, race, and smoking severity on abstinence initiation in dually dependent male smokers: results of a retrospective chart review.

    PubMed

    Heffner, Jaimee L; Blom, Thomas J; Camerota, Elaine; Sansone, Linda E; Bodie, Linda; Smith, Joshua; Lin, Show; Drake, J Michael; Meyer, Corey; Anthenelli, Robert M

    2007-12-01

    : Study goals were 2-fold: 1) to examine differences in demographic and clinical characteristics of smokers who fell into 3 diagnostic groups: alcohol abuse/dependence only (ALC), cocaine abuse/dependence only (COC), and mixed alcohol and cocaine abuse/dependence (ALC + COC); and 2) to determine the degree to which diagnostic grouping predicted short-term abstinence from smoking. : Retrospective chart reviews were conducted by using the treatment records of male veterans (N = 175) who participated in a voluntary smoking cessation program during their stay in residential substance dependence treatment. : The ALC group smoked more heavily, had higher levels of nicotine dependence, and reported more emotional problems than the other 2 groups. Short-term abstinence rates were high across the 3 groups (38%, 58%, and 57% for the ALC, COC, and ALC + COC groups, respectively). Lighter smoking at treatment entry, non-white race, and a diagnosis of cocaine abuse/dependence (with or without alcohol abuse/dependence) predicted short-term abstinence in the program. : Substance misusers motivated to quit smoking can initiate smoking abstinence at relatively high rates with the aid of combined pharmacotherapy and intensive group counseling. White subjects who smoke more heavily and have a diagnosis of alcohol abuse/dependence only have lower success rates for abstinence initiation.

  18. Are clinical impressions of adolescent substance use accurate?

    PubMed

    Wilson, Celeste R; Sherritt, Lon; Gates, Erin; Knight, John R

    2004-11-01

    To compare providers' impressions of adolescents' level of substance use with diagnostic classifications from a structured diagnostic interview. Secondary analysis of data was conducted from a validation study of the CRAFFT substance abuse screening test of 14- to 18-year-old medical clinic patients (n = 533) and their corresponding medical care providers (n = 109) at an adolescent clinic affiliated with a large tertiary care pediatric hospital. Medical care providers completed a form that recorded their clinical impressions of patients' level of alcohol and drug involvement (none, minimal, problem, abuse, dependence) and demographic characteristics. The form included brief diagnostic descriptions for each level of use. After the medical visit, patients completed the Adolescent Diagnostic Interview (ADI), a structured diagnostic interview that yields diagnoses of abuse and dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). On the basis of their past 12 months of alcohol and drug use on the ADI interview, adolescents were classified into 5 mutually exclusive diagnostic groups. "None" was defined by no reported use of alcohol or drugs during the past year. "Minimal use" was defined as use of alcohol or drugs but no report of any substance-related problems. "Problem use" was defined as reporting 1 or more substance-related problems but no diagnosis of abuse or dependence. "Abuse" was defined by meeting any 1 of 4 DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for either alcohol or drug abuse but no diagnosis of dependence. "Dependence" was defined by meeting any 3 of 7 diagnostic criteria for either alcohol or drug dependence, with or without a diagnosis of abuse. Proportions were compared using Fisher exact test. Agreement was assessed with the weighted kappa, and these analyses were stratified by substance used (ie, alcohol vs drug) and demographic characteristics. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive

  19. [Value of desmopressin stimulation test and high dose dexamethasone suppression testin the etiologic diagnosis of ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome].

    PubMed

    Zhang, Weiwei; Yu, Yerong; Tan, Huiwen; Wang, Chun; Li, Jianwei; An, Zhenmei; Liu, Yuping

    2016-03-22

    To investigate the value of desmopressin (DDAVP) stimulation test and high dose dexamethasone suppression test (HDDST) in establishing the cause of ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome. The clinical data of patients with ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome at West China Hospital from January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2015 was analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of DDAVP stimulation test, HDDST, and the diagnostic accordance rate when the two tests were combined, were evaluated based on the diagnostic gold standard. A total of 85 patients with Cushing's disease and 10 patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome were included. The sensitivity and specificity of DDAVP stimulation test were 87% and 5/5, respectively, whereas those of HDDST were 79% and 8/10, respectively. The standard high dose dexamethasone suppression test showed a higher sensitivity than overnight 8 mg dexamethasone suppression test. When the two tests had consistent results, the diagnostic accordance rate was 100%. DDAVP stimulation test and HDDST are both efficient modalities for the diagnosis of Cushing's Disease and ectopic ACTH syndrome. The accuracy of diagnosis can be further improved by combining the two tests.

  20. [Typology and systematization of residual mental disorders in alcohol dependence].

    PubMed

    Klimenko, T V; Agafonova, S S

    2007-01-01

    The study of 85 patients with alcohol dependence appointed to forensic psychiatric expertise in the Serbsky research center of social and forensic psychiatry revealed the manifestation of polymorphic psychiatric and behavioral disorders (ICD-10 diagnosis F10.7--residual and late-onset psychotic disorders) after stopping the intoxication, withdrawal and post-withdralwal disorders. Taking into account the multifactor etiology of psychiatric disorders which are observed after ending of the direct effect of alcohol, a possibility of including other ICD-10 items to extend their diagnostics and thus provide the more accurate clinical verification of these states, is discussed.

  1. [PAX3 gene mutation analysis for two Waardenburg syndrome type Ⅰ families and their prenatal diagnosis].

    PubMed

    Bai, Y; Liu, N; Kong, X D; Yan, J; Qin, Z B; Wang, B

    2016-12-07

    Objective: To analyze the mutations of PAX3 gene in two Waardenburg syndrome type Ⅰ (WS1) pedigrees and make prenatal diagnosis for the high-risk 18-week-old fetus. Methods: PAX3 gene was first analyzed by Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification(MLPA) for detecting pathogenic mutation of the probands of the two pedigrees. The mutations were confirmed by MLPA and Sanger in parents and unrelated healthy individuals.Prenatal genetic diagnosis for the high-risk fetus was performed by amniotic fluid cell after genotyping. Results: A heterozygous PAX3 gene gross deletion (E7 deletion) was identified in all patients from WS1-01 family, and not found in 20 healthy individuals.Prenatal diagnosis in WS1-01 family indicated that the fetus was normal. Molecular studies identified a novel deletion mutation c. 1385_1386delCT within the PAX3 gene in all affected WS1-02 family members, but in none of the unaffected relatives and 200 healthy individuals. Conclusions: PAX3 gene mutation is etiological for two WS1 families. Sanger sequencing plus MLPA is effective and accurate for making gene diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis.

  2. Multi-threshold white matter structural networks fusion for accurate diagnosis of Tourette syndrome children

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wen, Hongwei; Liu, Yue; Wang, Shengpei; Li, Zuoyong; Zhang, Jishui; Peng, Yun; He, Huiguang

    2017-03-01

    Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurobehavioral disorder. To date, TS is still misdiagnosed due to its varied presentation and lacking of obvious clinical symptoms. Therefore, studies of objective imaging biomarkers are of great importance for early TS diagnosis. As tic generation has been linked to disturbed structural networks, and many efforts have been made recently to investigate brain functional or structural networks using machine learning methods, for the purpose of disease diagnosis. However, few studies were related to TS and some drawbacks still existed in them. Therefore, we propose a novel classification framework integrating a multi-threshold strategy and a network fusion scheme to address the preexisting drawbacks. Here we used diffusion MRI probabilistic tractography to construct the structural networks of 44 TS children and 48 healthy children. We ameliorated the similarity network fusion algorithm specially to fuse the multi-threshold structural networks. Graph theoretical analysis was then implemented, and nodal degree, nodal efficiency and nodal betweenness centrality were selected as features. Finally, support vector machine recursive feature extraction (SVM-RFE) algorithm was used for feature selection, and then optimal features are fed into SVM to automatically discriminate TS children from controls. We achieved a high accuracy of 89.13% evaluated by a nested cross validation, demonstrated the superior performance of our framework over other comparison methods. The involved discriminative regions for classification primarily located in the basal ganglia and frontal cortico-cortical networks, all highly related to the pathology of TS. Together, our study may provide potential neuroimaging biomarkers for early-stage TS diagnosis.

  3. Diagnosis of multiple system atrophy.

    PubMed

    Palma, Jose-Alberto; Norcliffe-Kaufmann, Lucy; Kaufmann, Horacio

    2018-05-01

    Multiple system atrophy (MSA) may be difficult to distinguish clinically from other disorders, particularly in the early stages of the disease. An autonomic-only presentation can be indistinguishable from pure autonomic failure. Patients presenting with parkinsonism may be misdiagnosed as having Parkinson disease. Patients presenting with the cerebellar phenotype of MSA can mimic other adult-onset ataxias due to alcohol, chemotherapeutic agents, lead, lithium, and toluene, or vitamin E deficiency, as well as paraneoplastic, autoimmune, or genetic ataxias. A careful medical history and meticulous neurological examination remain the cornerstone for the accurate diagnosis of MSA. Ancillary investigations are helpful to support the diagnosis, rule out potential mimics, and define therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes diagnostic investigations useful in the differential diagnosis of patients with suspected MSA. Currently used techniques include structural and functional brain imaging, cardiac sympathetic imaging, cardiovascular autonomic testing, olfactory testing, sleep study, urological evaluation, and dysphagia and cognitive assessments. Despite advances in the diagnostic tools for MSA in recent years and the availability of consensus criteria for clinical diagnosis, the diagnostic accuracy of MSA remains sub-optimal. As other diagnostic tools emerge, including skin biopsy, retinal biomarkers, blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and advanced genetic testing, a more accurate and earlier recognition of MSA should be possible, even in the prodromal stages. This has important implications as misdiagnosis can result in inappropriate treatment, patient and family distress, and erroneous eligibility for clinical trials of disease-modifying drugs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. Better Prognosis of Patients with Glioma Expressing FGF2-Dependent PDGFRA Irrespective of Morphological Diagnosis

    PubMed Central

    Chen, Dongfeng; Persson, Annette; Sun, Yingyu; Salford, Leif G.; Nord, David Gisselsson; Englund, Elisabet; Jiang, Tao; Fan, Xiaolong

    2013-01-01

    Signaling of platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) is critically involved in the development of gliomas. However, the clinical relevance of PDGFRA expression in glioma subtypes and the mechanisms of PDGFRA expression in gliomas have been controversial. Under the supervision of morphological diagnosis, analysis of the GSE16011 and the Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (Rembrandt) set revealed enriched PDGFRA expression in low-grade gliomas. However, gliomas with the top 25% of PDGFRA expression levels contained nearly all morphological subtypes, which was associated with frequent IDH1 mutation, 1p LOH, 19q LOH, less EGFR amplification, younger age at disease onset and better survival compared to those gliomas with lower levels of PDGFRA expression. SNP analysis in Rembrandt data set and FISH analysis in eleven low passage glioma cell lines showed infrequent amplification of PDGFRA. Using in vitro culture of these low passage glioma cells, we tested the hypothesis of gliogenic factor dependent expression of PDGFRA in glioma cells. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) was able to maintain PDGFRA expression in glioma cells. FGF2 also induced PDGFRA expression in glioma cells with low or non-detectable PDGFRA expression. FGF2-dependent maintenance of PDGFRA expression was concordant with the maintenance of a subset of gliogenic genes and higher rates of cell proliferation. Further, concordant expression patterns of FGF2 and PDGFRA were detected in glioma samples by immunohistochemical staining. Our findings suggest a role of FGF2 in regulating PDGFRA expression in the subset of gliomas with younger age at disease onset and longer patient survival regardless of their morphological diagnosis. PMID:23630597

  5. Molecular diagnosis of α-thalassemia in a multiethnic population.

    PubMed

    Gilad, Oded; Shemer, Orna Steinberg; Dgany, Orly; Krasnov, Tanya; Nevo, Michal; Noy-Lotan, Sharon; Rabinowicz, Ron; Amitai, Nofar; Ben-Dor, Shifra; Yaniv, Isaac; Yacobovich, Joanne; Tamary, Hannah

    2017-06-01

    α-Thalassemia, one of the most common genetic diseases, is caused by deletions or point mutations affecting one to four α-globin genes. Molecular diagnosis is important to prevent the most severe forms of the disease. However, the diagnosis of α-thalassemia is complex due to a high variability of the genetic defects involved, with over 250 described mutations. We summarize herein the findings of genetic analyses of DNA samples referred to our laboratory for the molecular diagnosis of α-thalassemia, along with a detailed clinical description. We utilized a diagnostic algorithm including Gap-PCR, to detect known deletions, followed by sequencing of the α-globin gene, to identify known and novel point mutations, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for the diagnosis of rare or novel deletions. α-Thalassemia was diagnosed in 662 of 975 samples referred to our laboratory. Most commonly found were deletions (75.3%, including two novel deletions previously described by us); point mutations comprised 25.4% of the cases, including five novel mutations. Our population included mostly Jews (of Ashkenazi and Sephardic origin) and Muslim Arabs, who presented with a higher rate of point mutations and hemoglobin H disease. Overall, we detected 53 different genotype combinations causing a spectrum of clinical phenotypes, from asymptomatic to severe anemia. Our work constitutes the largest group of patients with α-thalassemia originating in the Mediterranean whose clinical characteristics and molecular basis have been determined. We suggest a diagnostic algorithm that leads to an accurate molecular diagnosis in multiethnic populations. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  6. Subpopulations of Older Foster Youths With Differential Risk of Diagnosis for Alcohol Abuse or Dependence*

    PubMed Central

    Keller, Thomas E.; Blakeslee, Jennifer E.; Lemon, Stephenie C.; Courtney, Mark E.

    2010-01-01

    Objective: Distinctive combinations of factors are likely to be associated with serious alcohol problems among adolescents about to emancipate from the foster care system and face the difficult transition to independent adulthood. This study identifies particular subpopulations of older foster youths that differ markedly in the probability of a lifetime diagnosis for alcohol abuse or dependence. Method: Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was applied to a large, representative sample (N = 732) of individuals, 17 years of age or older, placed in the child welfare system for more than 1 year. CART evaluated two exploratory sets of variables for optimal splits into groups distinguished from each other on the criterion of lifetime alcohol-use disorder diagnosis. Results: Each classification tree yielded four terminal groups with different rates of lifetime alcohol-use disorder diagnosis. Notable groups in the first tree included one characterized by high levels of both delinquency and violence exposure (53% diagnosed) and another that featured lower delinquency but an independent-living placement (21% diagnosed). Notable groups in the second tree included African American adolescents (only 8% diagnosed), White adolescents not close to caregivers (40% diagnosed), and White adolescents closer to caregivers but with a history of psychological abuse (36% diagnosed). Conclusions: Analyses incorporating variables that could be comorbid with or symptomatic of alcohol problems, such as delinquency, yielded classifications potentially useful for assessment and service planning. Analyses without such variables identified other factors, such as quality of caregiving relationships and maltreatment, associated with serious alcohol problems, suggesting opportunities for prevention or intervention. PMID:20946738

  7. Challenges to diagnosis of HIV-associated wasting.

    PubMed

    Kotler, Donald

    2004-12-01

    There is a wide variability in the clinical presentation of the protein energy malnutrition often characterized as wasting in patients infected with HIV. Moreover, the clinical presentation has evolved over time. Initially, protein energy malnutrition was characterized by profound weight loss and depletion of body cell mass (BCM). Recently, unrelated concurrent metabolic abnormalities, such as lipodystrophy, may complicate the diagnosis of HIV wasting. Although measures of BCM are relatively accurate for the diagnosis of HIV wasting, the optimal tools for assessing BCM are not necessarily available to the clinician. From the practical standpoint, HIV wasting may be a self-evident diagnosis in advanced stages, but effective interpretation of the early signs of HIV wasting requires familiarity with other complications included in the differential diagnosis.

  8. Diagnosis and treatment of dementia: 2. Diagnosis

    PubMed Central

    Feldman, Howard H.; Jacova, Claudia; Robillard, Alain; Garcia, Angeles; Chow, Tiffany; Borrie, Michael; Schipper, Hyman M.; Blair, Mervin; Kertesz, Andrew; Chertkow, Howard

    2008-01-01

    Background Dementia can now be accurately diagnosed through clinical evaluation, cognitive screening, basic laboratory evaluation and structural imaging. A large number of ancillary techniques are also available to aid in diagnosis, but their role in the armamentarium of family physicians remains controversial. In this article, we provide physicians with practical guidance on the diagnosis of dementia based on recommendations from the Third Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, held in March 2006. Methods We developed evidence-based guidelines using systematic literature searches, with specific criteria for study selection and quality assessment, and a clear and transparent decision-making process. We selected studies published from January 1996 to December 2005 that pertained to key diagnostic issues in dementia. We graded the strength of evidence using the criteria of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Results Of the 1591 articles we identified on all aspects of dementia diagnosis, 1095 met our inclusion criteria; 620 were deemed to be of good or fair quality. From a synthesis of the evidence in these studies, we made 32 recommendations related to the diagnosis of dementia. There are clinical criteria for diagnosing most forms of dementia. A standard diagnostic evaluation can be performd by family physicians over multiple visits. It involves a clinical history (from patient and caregiver), a physical examination and brief cognitive testing. A list of core laboratory tests is recommended. Structural imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is recommended in selected cases to rule out treatable causes of dementia or to rule in cerebrovascular disease. There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine functional imaging, measurement of biomarkers or neuropsychologic testing. Interpretation The diagnosis of dementia remains clinically integrative based on history, physical examination and

  9. Prenatal diagnosis in a cystic fibrosis family: a combined molecular strategy for a precise diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Chávez-Saldaña, Margarita; García-Cavazos, Ricardo; Vigueras, Rosa María; Orozco, Lorena

    2011-01-01

    The high genetic heterogeneity in populations with a wide spectrum of mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), makes the detection of mutations a very hard and difficult task, thereby limiting the accurate diagnosis of the disease, mainly in patients with uncharacterized mutations. Molecular strategies, like targeted identification of the most frequent CFTR mutations in Mexican population combined with linkage analysis using markers, is very useful for carrier detection and for prenatal diagnosis in affected families with CF. In this paper we show that the combination of methodologies was a crucial alternative to reach a precise prenatal CF diagnosis. We documented CF diagnosis in a 14th-week fetus combining the screening of the most common mutations in Mexican population with linkage analysis of two extragenic polymorphisms (XV2C/TaqI and KM19/PstI). We determined that the fetus inherited the PG542X mutation from its mother and an unknown mutation from its father through the chromosomal phases analysis.

  10. Accurate atomistic first-principles calculations of electronic stopping

    DOE PAGES

    Schleife, André; Kanai, Yosuke; Correa, Alfredo A.

    2015-01-20

    In this paper, we show that atomistic first-principles calculations based on real-time propagation within time-dependent density functional theory are capable of accurately describing electronic stopping of light projectile atoms in metal hosts over a wide range of projectile velocities. In particular, we employ a plane-wave pseudopotential scheme to solve time-dependent Kohn-Sham equations for representative systems of H and He projectiles in crystalline aluminum. This approach to simulate nonadiabatic electron-ion interaction provides an accurate framework that allows for quantitative comparison with experiment without introducing ad hoc parameters such as effective charges, or assumptions about the dielectric function. Finally, our work clearlymore » shows that this atomistic first-principles description of electronic stopping is able to disentangle contributions due to tightly bound semicore electrons and geometric aspects of the stopping geometry (channeling versus off-channeling) in a wide range of projectile velocities.« less

  11. Diagnosis and Treatment of Eating Disorders.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Neuman, Patricia; And Others

    This paper was designed to provide professional counselors with a comprehensive but concise method of accurately evaluting, interviewing, and planning for treatment of eating disorder clients. The paper is organized in five sections. The first section, Diagnosis, compares, contrasts, and offers clear explanations of the diagnostic criteria for…

  12. Testing Physical Diagnosis Skills with Videotape

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stillman, Paula L.; And Others

    1977-01-01

    An inexpensive videotape testing system has been developed at the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medical TV-Cinematography at the University of Arizona College of Medicine. The development and validation of a test using this system to assess observational skills important for accurate physical diagnosis are described. (LBH)

  13. Validation of consensus panel diagnosis in dementia.

    PubMed

    Gabel, Matthew J; Foster, Norman L; Heidebrink, Judith L; Higdon, Roger; Aizenstein, Howard J; Arnold, Steven E; Barbas, Nancy R; Boeve, Bradley F; Burke, James R; Clark, Christopher M; Dekosky, Steven T; Farlow, Martin R; Jagust, William J; Kawas, Claudia H; Koeppe, Robert A; Leverenz, James B; Lipton, Anne M; Peskind, Elaine R; Turner, R Scott; Womack, Kyle B; Zamrini, Edward Y

    2010-12-01

    The clinical diagnosis of dementing diseases largely depends on the subjective interpretation of patient symptoms. Consensus panels are frequently used in research to determine diagnoses when definitive pathologic findings are unavailable. Nevertheless, research on group decision making indicates that many factors can adversely affect panel performance. To determine conditions that improve consensus panel diagnosis. Comparison of neuropathologic diagnoses with individual and consensus panel diagnoses based on clinical scenarios only, fludeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission tomography images only, and scenarios plus images. Expert and trainee individual and consensus panel deliberations using a modified Delphi method in a pilot research study of the diagnostic utility of fludeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission tomography. Forty-five patients with pathologically confirmed Alzheimer disease or frontotemporal dementia. Statistical measures of diagnostic accuracy, agreement, and confidence for individual raters and panelists before and after consensus deliberations. The consensus protocol using trainees and experts surpassed the accuracy of individual expert diagnoses when clinical information elicited diverse judgments. In these situations, consensus was 3.5 times more likely to produce positive rather than negative changes in the accuracy and diagnostic certainty of individual panelists. A rule that forced group consensus was at least as accurate as majority and unanimity rules. Using a modified Delphi protocol to arrive at a consensus diagnosis is a reasonable substitute for pathologic information. This protocol improves diagnostic accuracy and certainty when panelist judgments differ and is easily adapted to other research and clinical settings while avoiding the potential pitfalls of group decision making.

  14. Brain substrates of social decision-making in dual diagnosis: cocaine dependence and personality disorders.

    PubMed

    Verdejo-Garcia, Antonio; Verdejo-Román, Juan; Albein-Urios, Natalia; Martínez-González, José M; Soriano-Mas, Carles

    2017-03-01

    Cocaine dependence frequently co-occurs with personality disorders, leading to increased interpersonal problems and greater burden of disease. Personality disorders are characterised by patterns of thinking and feeling that divert from social expectations. However, the comorbidity between cocaine dependence and personality disorders has not been substantiated by measures of brain activation during social decision-making. We applied functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain activations evoked by a social decision-making task-the Ultimatum Game-in 24 cocaine dependents with personality disorders (CDPD), 19 cocaine dependents without comorbidities and 19 healthy controls. In the Ultimatum Game participants had to accept or reject bids made by another player to split monetary stakes. Offers varied in fairness (in fair offers the proposer shares ~50 percent of the money; in unfair offers the proposer shares <30 percent of the money), and participants were told that if they accept both players get the money, and if they reject both players lose it. We contrasted brain activations during unfair versus fair offers and accept versus reject choices. During evaluation of unfair offers CDPD displayed lower activation in the insula and the anterior cingulate cortex and higher activation in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and superior frontal and temporal gyri. Frontal activations negatively correlated with emotion recognition. During rejection of offers CDPD displayed lower activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, striatum and midbrain. Dual diagnosis is linked to hypo-activation of the insula and anterior cingulate cortex and hyper-activation of frontal-temporal regions during social decision-making, which associates with poorer emotion recognition. © 2015 Society for the Study of Addiction.

  15. Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease with particular emphasis on histopathology. A systematic review of current literature

    PubMed Central

    Szylberg, Łukasz

    2014-01-01

    Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a disorder that involves several medical specialties such as paediatric gastroenterology, paediatric surgery, and pathology. Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital bowel innervation disorder characterised by the absence of ganglion cells in myenteric (Auerbach) and submucosal (Meissner) plexus in the distal colon in its classical form. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of HD is a key element in further treatment patterns. The efficiency of different diagnostic methods used in HD patients may vary. Using one limited diagnostic procedure can lead to as much as a few per cent of overlooked cases. In recent years, rectal biopsy was recognised as an important diagnostic tool that allows for a definitive HD diagnosis with an accuracy of 95% of cases. A correct diagnosis depends on the localisation of the biopsied sample, its representativeness, the number of specimens, and proper interpretation of microscopic studies supported by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. When several methods are used and all diagnostic criteria are used, the diagnostic sensitivity can almost eliminate cases of undiagnosed patients. PMID:25395999

  16. A dynamic integrated fault diagnosis method for power transformers.

    PubMed

    Gao, Wensheng; Bai, Cuifen; Liu, Tong

    2015-01-01

    In order to diagnose transformer fault efficiently and accurately, a dynamic integrated fault diagnosis method based on Bayesian network is proposed in this paper. First, an integrated fault diagnosis model is established based on the causal relationship among abnormal working conditions, failure modes, and failure symptoms of transformers, aimed at obtaining the most possible failure mode. And then considering the evidence input into the diagnosis model is gradually acquired and the fault diagnosis process in reality is multistep, a dynamic fault diagnosis mechanism is proposed based on the integrated fault diagnosis model. Different from the existing one-step diagnosis mechanism, it includes a multistep evidence-selection process, which gives the most effective diagnostic test to be performed in next step. Therefore, it can reduce unnecessary diagnostic tests and improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis. Finally, the dynamic integrated fault diagnosis method is applied to actual cases, and the validity of this method is verified.

  17. A Dynamic Integrated Fault Diagnosis Method for Power Transformers

    PubMed Central

    Gao, Wensheng; Liu, Tong

    2015-01-01

    In order to diagnose transformer fault efficiently and accurately, a dynamic integrated fault diagnosis method based on Bayesian network is proposed in this paper. First, an integrated fault diagnosis model is established based on the causal relationship among abnormal working conditions, failure modes, and failure symptoms of transformers, aimed at obtaining the most possible failure mode. And then considering the evidence input into the diagnosis model is gradually acquired and the fault diagnosis process in reality is multistep, a dynamic fault diagnosis mechanism is proposed based on the integrated fault diagnosis model. Different from the existing one-step diagnosis mechanism, it includes a multistep evidence-selection process, which gives the most effective diagnostic test to be performed in next step. Therefore, it can reduce unnecessary diagnostic tests and improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis. Finally, the dynamic integrated fault diagnosis method is applied to actual cases, and the validity of this method is verified. PMID:25685841

  18. An interesting case of cryptogenic stroke in a young man due to left ventricular non-compaction: role of cardiac MRI in the accurate diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Kannan, Arun; Das, Anindita; Janardhanan, Rajesh

    2014-06-24

    A 28-year-old man arrived for an outpatient cardiac MRI (CMR) study to evaluate cardiac structure. At the age of 24 the patient presented with acute onset expressive aphasia and was diagnosed with ischaemic stroke. Echocardiography at that time was reported as 'apical wall thickening consistent with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy'. CMR revealed a moderately dilated left ventricle with abnormal appearance of the left ventricular (LV) apical segments. Further evaluation was consistent with a diagnosis of LV non-compaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy with a ratio of non-compacted to compacted myocardium measuring 3. There was extensive delayed hyperenhancement signal involving multiple segments representing a significant myocardial scar which is shown to have a prognostic role. Our patient, with no significant cerebrovascular risk factors, would likely have had an embolic stroke. This case demonstrates the role of CMR in accurately diagnosing LVNC in a patient with young stroke where prior echocardiography was non-diagnostic. 2014 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

  19. Incorporation of Mobile Application (App) Measures Into the Diagnosis of Smartphone Addiction.

    PubMed

    Lin, Yu-Hsuan; Lin, Po-Hsien; Chiang, Chih-Lin; Lee, Yang-Han; Yang, Cheryl C H; Kuo, Terry B J; Lin, Sheng-Hsuan

    2017-07-01

    Global smartphone expansion has brought about unprecedented addictive behaviors. The current diagnosis of smartphone addiction is based solely on information from clinical interview. This study aimed to incorporate application (app)-recorded data into psychiatric criteria for the diagnosis of smartphone addiction and to examine the predictive ability of the app-recorded data for the diagnosis of smartphone addiction. Smartphone use data of 79 college students were recorded by a newly developed app for 1 month between December 1, 2013, and May 31, 2014. For each participant, psychiatrists made a diagnosis for smartphone addiction based on 2 approaches: (1) only diagnostic interview (standard diagnosis) and (2) both diagnostic interview and app-recorded data (app-incorporated diagnosis). The app-incorporated diagnosis was further used to build app-incorporated diagnostic criteria. In addition, the app-recorded data were pooled as a score to predict smartphone addiction diagnosis. When app-incorporated diagnosis was used as a gold standard for 12 candidate criteria, 7 criteria showed significant accuracy (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] > 0.7) and were constructed as app-incorporated diagnostic criteria, which demonstrated remarkable accuracy (92.4%) for app-incorporated diagnosis. In addition, both frequency and duration of daily smartphone use significantly predicted app-incorporated diagnosis (AUC = 0.70 for frequency; AUC = 0.72 for duration). The combination of duration, frequency, and frequency trend for 1 month can accurately predict smartphone addiction diagnosis (AUC = 0.79 for app-incorporated diagnosis; AUC = 0.71 for standard diagnosis). The app-incorporated diagnosis, combining both psychiatric interview and app-recorded data, demonstrated substantial accuracy for smartphone addiction diagnosis. In addition, the app-recorded data performed as an accurate screening tool for app-incorporated diagnosis. © Copyright 2017 Physicians

  20. An evidence-based approach to assessing surgical versus clinical diagnosis of symptomatic endometriosis.

    PubMed

    Taylor, Hugh S; Adamson, G David; Diamond, Michael P; Goldstein, Steven R; Horne, Andrew W; Missmer, Stacey A; Snabes, Michael C; Surrey, Eric; Taylor, Robert N

    2018-05-05

    Challenges intrinsic to the accurate diagnosis of endometriosis contribute to an extended delay between the onset of symptoms and clinical confirmation. Intraoperative visualization, preferably with histologic verification, is considered by many professional organizations to be the gold standard by which endometriosis is diagnosed. Clinical diagnosis of symptomatic endometriosis via patient history, physical examination, and noninvasive tests, though more easily executed, is generally viewed as less accurate than surgical diagnosis. Technological advances and increased understanding of the pathophysiology of endometriosis warrant continuing reevaluation of the standard method for diagnosing symptomatic disease. A review of the published literature was therefore performed with the goal of comparing the accuracy of clinical diagnostic measures with that of surgical diagnosis. The current body of evidence suggests that clinical diagnosis of symptomatic endometriosis is more reliable than previously recognized and that surgical diagnosis has limitations that could be underappreciated. Regardless of the methodology used, women with suspected symptomatic endometriosis would be well served by a diagnostic paradigm that is reliable, conveys minimal risk of under- or over-diagnosis, lessens the time from symptom development to diagnosis, and guides the appropriate use of medical and surgical management strategies. © 2018 The Authors. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

  1. Acute generalized, widespread bleeding. Diagnosis and management.

    PubMed

    Rocha, E; Páramo, J A; Montes, R; Panizo, C

    1998-11-01

    Acute generalized, widespread bleeding is often related to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a pathologic process which complicates the clinical course of many diseases and is characterized by huge amounts of thrombin and plasmin within the circulation. The final result is the consumption of platelets, coagulation factors and inhibitors, as well as secondary hyperfibrinolysis, all leading to diffuse hemorrhage and microthromboses. This review article examines the present attitudes to the diagnosis and treatment of overt DIC in clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of an accurate differential diagnosis from some other processes characterized by acute generalized, widespread bleeding. The authors have been working in this field, both at experimental and clinical levels, contributing original papers for many years. In addition, material examined in this review includes articles published in journals covered by MedLine, recent reviews in journals with high impact factor and in relevant books on hemostasis and thrombosis. DIC is an intermediary mechanism of disease which complicates the clinical course of many well-known disorders. Although the systemic hemorrhagic syndrome is the predominant clinical manifestation, massive intravascular thrombosis frequently occurs contributing to ischemia and associated organ damage, making the mortality rate of this condition high. Current concepts on the pathophysiology, laboratory diagnosis and management of DIC are presented. Complex pathophysiological interrelations make the diagnosis of the etiology of the DIC difficult in clinical practice, although simple tests are useful for identification of patients with the process. Laboratory diagnosis of DIC is mainly based on screening assays, which allow a rapid diagnosis, whereas some other highly sensitive but more complex assays are not always available to routine clinical laboratories. The management of DIC is based on the treatment of the underlying disease

  2. Clinical pitfalls in the diagnosis of ataque de nervios: a case study.

    PubMed

    Lizardi, Dana; Oquendo, Maria A; Graver, Ruth

    2009-09-01

    Ataque de nervios (attack of nerves) is an idiom of distress generally thought of in relation to Caribbean Hispanics. The following case study discusses the presentation of ataque de nervios in a Colombian female. This case study provides insight into a different presentation of ataque de nervios in a new population that clinicians should be aware of in order to ensure accurate diagnosis. Ataque de nervios is a distinct syndrome that does not fully correspond with any single DSM-IV diagnosis. However, there is overlap between symptoms in this condition and those in conventional clinical diagnoses. Common problems in deriving an accurate differential diagnosis are discussed. Implications for treatment are also reviewed, with an emphasis on a comprehensive approach to treatment that supports the client's norms and values.

  3. Second-line tests in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome.

    PubMed

    Barbot, Mattia; Trementino, Laura; Zilio, Marialuisa; Ceccato, Filippo; Albiger, Nora; Daniele, Andrea; Frigo, Anna Chiara; Mardari, Rodica; Rolma, Giuseppe; Boscaro, Marco; Arnaldi, Giorgio; Scaroni, Carla

    2016-10-01

    Diagnosing Cushing's syndrome (CS) can be a challenge, especially in ACTH-dependent CS, when it comes to detecting the origin of ACTH secretion. Retrospective data were collected on 170 patients with ACTH-dependent CS (149 CD, 21 EAS) referring to two endocrinology units, focusing on three non-invasive tests: dexamethasone 8 mg overnight challenge (HDDST); corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) assay and the desmopressin (DDAVP) test. Patients with EAS were slightly older and had higher ACTH, serum and urinary cortisol levels than patients with CD (p < 0.01). CD patients had a stronger ACTH and cortisol response after CRH injection (p < 0.0001), and a more pronounced reduction in cortisol levels after HDDST (p < 0.0001). A threshold percentage ACTH increase after CRH stimulation of 72.4 % was able to identify CD with a sensitivity (SE) of 76 % (95 % CI 68-83) and a specificity (SP) of 100 % (95 % CI 83-100). As for HDDST, a cortisol suppression >52.7 % below the basal level suggested a pituitary origin with a SE of 88 % (95 % CI 81-93) and a SP of 90 % (95 % CI 68-99). There were no cases of EAS with positive responses to both these tests. Increases in ACTH and cortisol levels after the DDAVP test were also higher in CD than in EAS (p < 0.01), though the SE and SP were lower. Patients with CD showed a stronger response to HDDST and CRH, and the adopted cut-offs showed a good SE and SP in discriminating them from patients with EAS. Concordant tests indicated CD when positive, whereas no response to either test was highly suggestive of EAS. The DDAVP test was of limited utility in the diagnostic phase. In conclusion, the choice of tests may play an important part in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent CS.

  4. Clinical approach to Parkinson's disease: features, diagnosis, and principles of management.

    PubMed

    Massano, João; Bhatia, Kailash P

    2012-06-01

    Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The condition causes a heavy burden both on those affected, as well as their families. Accurate diagnosis is critical and remains founded on clinical grounds as no specific diagnostic test is available so far. The clinical picture of PD is typical in many instances; however, features distinguishing it from other disorders should be thoroughly sought. Monogenic forms of PD also have some distinctive characteristics in many cases. This text is a roadmap to accurate diagnosis in PD, as it approaches clinical features, diagnostic methodology, and leading differential diagnoses. Therapeutic issues are also briefly discussed.

  5. Using an Educational Electronic Documentation System to Help Nursing Students Accurately Identify Nursing Diagnoses

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pobocik, Tamara J.

    2013-01-01

    The use of technology and electronic medical records in healthcare has exponentially increased. This quantitative research project used a pretest/posttest design, and reviewed how an educational electronic documentation system helped nursing students to identify the accurate related to statement of the nursing diagnosis for the patient in the case…

  6. Use of shear waves for diagnosis and ablation monitoring of prostate cancer: a feasibility study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gomez, A.; Rus, G.; Saffari, N.

    2016-01-01

    Prostate cancer remains as a major healthcare issue. Limitations in current diagnosis and treatment monitoring techniques imply that there is still a need for improvements. The efficacy of prostate cancer diagnosis is still low, generating under and over diagnoses. High intensity focused ultrasound ablation is an emerging treatment modality, which enables the noninvasive ablation of pathogenic tissue. Clinical trials are being carried out to evaluate its longterm efficacy as a focal treatment for prostate cancer. Successful treatment of prostate cancer using non-invasive modalities is critically dependent on accurate diagnostic means and is greatly benefited by a real-time monitoring system. While magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for prostate imaging, its wider implementation for prostate cancer diagnosis remains prohibitively expensive. Conventional ultrasound is currently limited to guiding biopsy. Elastography techniques are emerging as a promising real-time imaging method, as cancer nodules are usually stiffer than adjacent healthy prostatic tissue. In this paper, a new transurethral approach is proposed, using shear waves for diagnosis and ablation monitoring of prostate cancer. A finite-difference time domain model is developed for studying the feasibility of the method, and an inverse problem technique based on genetic algorithms is proposed for reconstructing the location, size and stiffness parameters of the tumour. Preliminary results indicate that the use of shear waves for diagnosis and monitoring ablation of prostate cancer is feasible.

  7. [Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for hypertension diagnosis?

    PubMed

    Gijón Conde, T; Banegas, J R

    2017-01-01

    The early and accurate diagnosis of hypertension is essential given its importance in the development of cardiovascular disease. The boundaries between normal blood pressure (BP) and hypertension are arbitrary and based on the benefits of treating exceeding those of not treating. Conventional BP measurement at the clinic only offers information of a particular time and presents multiple biases dependent on inherent variability of BP and measurement technique itself. Multiple studies have demonstrated the prognosis superiority in the development of cardiovascular disease of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), allows detection of white coat hypertension, avoiding overdiagnosis and overtreatment, and the detection of patients with masked hypertension who are at risk of underdetection and undertreatment. ABPM also assess nightime BP and circadian variability, providing additional prognostic value. ABPM is recognized in the diagnosis of hypertension in 2011 British NICE Guidelines, very argued at the 2013 European Society of Hypertension guidelines, and recommended in the US Preventive Services Task Force in 2015, 2016 Canadian Guidelines and the 2016 Spanish Program of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (PAPPS). Its generalization is likely to be only a matter of time. Copyright © 2017 Sociedad Española de Hipertension-Liga Española para la Lucha de la Hipertensión Arterial (SEH-LELHA). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  8. Molecular diagnosis and immunotherapy.

    PubMed

    Sastre, Joaquín; Sastre-Ibañez, Marina

    2016-12-01

    To describe recent insights into how molecular diagnosis can improve indication and selection of suitable allergens for specific immunotherapy and increase the safety of this therapy. As specific allergen immunotherapy targets specific allergens, identification of the disease-eliciting allergen is a prerequisite for accurate prescription of treatment. In areas of complex sensitization to aeroallergens or in cases of hymenoptera venom allergy, the use of molecular diagnosis has demonstrated that it may lead to a change in indication and selection of allergens for immunotherapy in a large proportion of patients when compared with diagnosis based on skin prick testing and/or specific IgE determination with commercial extracts. These changes in immunotherapy prescription aided by molecular diagnosis have been demonstrated to be cost-effective in some scenarios. Certain patterns of sensitization to grass or olive pollen and bee allergens may identify patients with higher risk of adverse reaction during immunotherapy. Molecular diagnosis, when used with other tools and patients' clinical records, can help clinicians better to select the most appropriate patients and allergens for specific immunotherapy and, in some cases, predict the risk of adverse reactions. The pattern of sensitization to allergens could potentially predict the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy provided that these immunotherapy products contain a sufficient amount of these allergens. Nevertheless, multiplex assay remains a third-level approach, not to be used as screening method in current practice.

  9. Accurate and robust genomic prediction of celiac disease using statistical learning.

    PubMed

    Abraham, Gad; Tye-Din, Jason A; Bhalala, Oneil G; Kowalczyk, Adam; Zobel, Justin; Inouye, Michael

    2014-02-01

    Practical application of genomic-based risk stratification to clinical diagnosis is appealing yet performance varies widely depending on the disease and genomic risk score (GRS) method. Celiac disease (CD), a common immune-mediated illness, is strongly genetically determined and requires specific HLA haplotypes. HLA testing can exclude diagnosis but has low specificity, providing little information suitable for clinical risk stratification. Using six European cohorts, we provide a proof-of-concept that statistical learning approaches which simultaneously model all SNPs can generate robust and highly accurate predictive models of CD based on genome-wide SNP profiles. The high predictive capacity replicated both in cross-validation within each cohort (AUC of 0.87-0.89) and in independent replication across cohorts (AUC of 0.86-0.9), despite differences in ethnicity. The models explained 30-35% of disease variance and up to ∼43% of heritability. The GRS's utility was assessed in different clinically relevant settings. Comparable to HLA typing, the GRS can be used to identify individuals without CD with ≥99.6% negative predictive value however, unlike HLA typing, fine-scale stratification of individuals into categories of higher-risk for CD can identify those that would benefit from more invasive and costly definitive testing. The GRS is flexible and its performance can be adapted to the clinical situation by adjusting the threshold cut-off. Despite explaining a minority of disease heritability, our findings indicate a genomic risk score provides clinically relevant information to improve upon current diagnostic pathways for CD and support further studies evaluating the clinical utility of this approach in CD and other complex diseases.

  10. Cutaneous melanoma: digital dermoscopy -essential tool for positive diagnosis

    PubMed Central

    Simionescu, Olga; Costache, Mariana; Testori, Alessandro

    2006-01-01

    Cutaneous melanoma is a “perfid”, aggressive and hard to be treated malignant tumor in case of delayed diagnosis. However, patients still have a chance to escape progressive disease if the lesion is recognized early, when the surgical approach is curative. Dermoscopy has the important advantage of rapidity and non-invasivity in a field with (still) contradictory algorithms of diagnosis and treatment. The recognition of the elementary dermoscopic lesions enables accurate diagnosis for cutaneous melanoma. In our opinion, dermoscopy appears compulsory in the routine derma-tologic examination. In vivo microscopy (dermoscopy) together with histopathology (plus or minus immunohisto-chemistry) seem, at present, to provide the most reliable diagnosis of melanoma. PMID:17125600

  11. Optic Neuritis: Another Dickensian Diagnosis

    PubMed Central

    Petzold, Axel

    2013-01-01

    Abstract The clinical diagnosis and natural history of optic neuritis was established in the late 1880s by the ophthalmologists von Graefe and Nettleship. The earlier, accurate and insightful description of transient, bilateral visual loss of Esther, the main character in the Charles Dickens novel Bleak House (1852--1853), suggests optic neuritis as a Dickensian diagnosis. Remarkably, Dickens’ observations, also preceding the earliest clinical description of multiple sclerosis by Charcot in 1868, described many clinical features such as a prodromal phase; a nadir; gradual recovery over weeks; glare disability; reduced contrast sensitivity; possibly Uhthoff’s phenomenon; and visual fading. All this with an accuracy that, to quote Russell Brain, “would credit a trained physician.” PMID:28167994

  12. Antenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome: how good is state of the art.

    PubMed

    Mittal, Riju; Varghese, Raji Mathew; Puliyel, Jacob M

    2009-01-01

    A newborn with Down syndrome can be expected once in a thousand deliveries. Amniocentesis for karyotyping of foetal cells or detection of foetal cell in the maternal circulation ie, fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH) and karyotyping, are definitive methods of making the diagnosis antenatally. The cost of doing this routinely in all pregnancies is prohibitive. This has led to dependence on screening tests, to select women more likely to be carrying a Down foetus, to offer karyotyping in a more cost efficient manner. Unfortunately, these screening criteria, namely maternal age, biochemical markers and ultrasound pointers, are rather insensitive and miss a large number of cases of Down syndrome. At the same time they are very non-specific, picking up a large number of false positive cases, resulting in undue anxiety and unnecessary alarm in a large number of mothers. Till a non-invasive, definitive test, like FISH can be routinely used in all pregnancies at affordable costs, accurate antenatal diagnosis on a community basis will be a hit and miss affair.

  13. [Desmoplastic fibroma. Differential diagnosis of a periapical lesion from endodontic failure].

    PubMed

    Zabalegui, B; Gil, J; Zabalegui, I

    1989-01-01

    Treatment of endodontically involved teeth requires accurate diagnosis of the clinical pulpal condition to determine the primary cause of pathosis. The case presented shows the differential diagnosis between a desmoplastic fibroma and a failure of a misdiagnosed endodontic treatment. The initial direction of treatment should had never been the endodontic therapy but local surgical curettage of the lesion.

  14. How accurate are leukocyte indices and C-reactive protein for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis?

    PubMed Central

    da Silva, Orlando; Ohlsson, Arne

    1998-01-01

    Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is often difficult to make. Treatment on the basis of clinical suspicion and risk factors may result in overtreatment. A previous review of the usefulness of C-reactive protein and leukocyte indices concluded that these test results should be interpreted with caution. The present paper reviews and, when appropriate, revises, in light of new information, the conclusions reached in the previous systematic review of the topic. PMID:20401235

  15. [Approach to diagnosis and management of myeloproliferative neoplasm variants].

    PubMed

    Mitsumori, Toru; Kirito, Keita

    2015-08-01

    Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) variants are defined as relatively uncommon myeloid neoplasms which do not meet the criteria for either classical MPN or myelodysplastic syndrome. Due to the lack of specific markers, it has been challenging to accurately diagnose these malignant diseases. Recent studies have revealed new genetic abnormalities in MPN variants. These research advances are anticipated to open new approaches to not only achieving accurate diagnosis but also novel therapeutic options for these diseases.

  16. Local Dependence in an Operational CAT: Diagnosis and Implications

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pommerich, Mary; Segall, Daniel O.

    2008-01-01

    The accuracy of CAT scores can be negatively affected by local dependence if the CAT utilizes parameters that are misspecified due to the presence of local dependence and/or fails to control for local dependence in responses during the administration stage. This article evaluates the existence and effect of local dependence in a test of…

  17. [Diagnosis and treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) based on its atypical immunological features].

    PubMed

    Miyata, Shigeki; Maeda, Takuma

    2016-03-01

    Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic side effect of heparin therapy caused by HIT antibodies, i.e., anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin IgG with platelet-activating properties. For serological diagnosis, antigen immunoassays are commonly used worldwide. However, such assays do not indicate their platelet-activating properties, leading to low specificity for the HIT diagnosis. Therefore, over-diagnosis is currently the most serious problem associated with HIT. The detection of platelet-activating antibodies using a washed platelet activation assay is crucial for appropriate HIT diagnosis. Recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of HIT include it having several clinical features atypical for an immune-mediated disease. Heparin-naïve patients can develop IgG antibodies as early as day 4, as in a secondary immune response. Evidence for an anamnestic response on heparin re-exposure is lacking. In addition, HIT antibodies are relatively short-lived, unlike those in a secondary immune response. These lines of evidence suggest that the mechanisms underlying HIT antibody formation may be compatible with a non-T cell-dependent immune reaction. These atypical clinical and serological features should be carefully considered while endeavoring to accurately diagnose HIT, which leads to appropriate therapies such as immediate administration of an alternative anticoagulant to prevent thromboembolic events and re-administration of heparin during surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass when HIT antibodies are no longer detectable.

  18. Clinical Diagnosis among Diverse Populations: A Multicultural Perspective.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Solomon, Alison

    1992-01-01

    Discusses four ways in which clinical diagnosis can be detrimental to minority clients: (1) cultural expressions of symptomatology; (2) unreliable research instruments; (3) clinician bias; and (4) institutional racism. Recommendations to avoid misdiagnosis begin with accurate assessment of a client's history and cultural background. (SLD)

  19. An automatic and accurate method of full heart segmentation from CT image based on linear gradient model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Zili

    2017-07-01

    Heart segmentation is an important auxiliary method in the diagnosis of many heart diseases, such as coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation, and in the planning of tumor radiotherapy. Most of the existing methods for full heart segmentation treat the heart as a whole part and cannot accurately extract the bottom of the heart. In this paper, we propose a new method based on linear gradient model to segment the whole heart from the CT images automatically and accurately. Twelve cases were tested in order to test this method and accurate segmentation results were achieved and identified by clinical experts. The results can provide reliable clinical support.

  20. Anxiety disorders: diagnosis and treatment.

    PubMed

    Jack, R A; Mathew, R J

    1985-07-01

    Pathologic anxiety, marked by inappropriate apprehension and/or fear, causes patients to seek help. Anxiety is associated with a wide variety of physical illnesses, and these must be initially considered when making a diagnosis. Similarly, anxiety associated with a wide variety of psychiatric syndromes must also be considered. Finally, the possibility of transient situational anxiety is ever present. Once it is determined that a primary anxiety disorder exists, then the presence or absence of phobias, panic attacks, and chronic "free-floating" anxiety will fully characterize the disorder. With an accurate diagnosis in hand, a multifaceted treatment approach can be designed. Effective treatments now exist for phobic and panic disorders, and more effective treatment for chronic generalized anxiety may be forthcoming.

  1. Accurate Time-Dependent Traveling-Wave Tube Model Developed for Computational Bit-Error-Rate Testing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kory, Carol L.

    2001-01-01

    The phenomenal growth of the satellite communications industry has created a large demand for traveling-wave tubes (TWT's) operating with unprecedented specifications requiring the design and production of many novel devices in record time. To achieve this, the TWT industry heavily relies on computational modeling. However, the TWT industry's computational modeling capabilities need to be improved because there are often discrepancies between measured TWT data and that predicted by conventional two-dimensional helical TWT interaction codes. This limits the analysis and design of novel devices or TWT's with parameters differing from what is conventionally manufactured. In addition, the inaccuracy of current computational tools limits achievable TWT performance because optimized designs require highly accurate models. To address these concerns, a fully three-dimensional, time-dependent, helical TWT interaction model was developed using the electromagnetic particle-in-cell code MAFIA (Solution of MAxwell's equations by the Finite-Integration-Algorithm). The model includes a short section of helical slow-wave circuit with excitation fed by radiofrequency input/output couplers, and an electron beam contained by periodic permanent magnet focusing. A cutaway view of several turns of the three-dimensional helical slow-wave circuit with input/output couplers is shown. This has been shown to be more accurate than conventionally used two-dimensional models. The growth of the communications industry has also imposed a demand for increased data rates for the transmission of large volumes of data. To achieve increased data rates, complex modulation and multiple access techniques are employed requiring minimum distortion of the signal as it is passed through the TWT. Thus, intersymbol interference (ISI) becomes a major consideration, as well as suspected causes such as reflections within the TWT. To experimentally investigate effects of the physical TWT on ISI would be

  2. Imaging technique for the diagnosis of onychomatricoma.

    PubMed

    Cinotti, E; Veronesi, G; Labeille, B; Cambazard, F; Piraccini, B M; Dika, E; Perrot, J L; Rubegni, P

    2018-06-05

    Onychomatricoma is a rare tumour that derives from the nail matrix and grows within the nail plate. The clinical presentation can mimic many other tumours and conditions, and surgical biopsy and histopathological examination are necessary to confirm the diagnosis. As nail surgery is a painful experience for the patient and sometimes can leave permanent onychodistrophy, more precise preoperative diagnosis is needed to distinguish onychomatricoma from other nail diseases more accurately and to limit surgical interventions. The objective of this study was to evaluate current literature on imaging techniques for the diagnosis of onychomatricoma in order to understand how this technology can help the presurgical diagnosis of this tumour. We searched in the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised library, Medline, Embase and LILACS databases all studies evaluating imaging technique for the diagnosis of onychomatricoma up to February 2018. We found that not only nail dermoscopy, but also reflectance confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance can be useful in this field. © 2018 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

  3. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis by Amsel's criteria.

    PubMed

    Iftikhar, Razia

    2003-02-01

    To evaluate Amsel's criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in reproductive age group. Prospective study. This study was conducted in a private hospital in Jeddah, K.S.A between January, 2001 and January, 2002. Patients attending the clinic with complaint of vaginal discharge were selected and screened out for bacterial vaginosis on the basis of Amsel's criteria. Ot of 100 cases 35 (35%) cases were diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis, 25 (25%) were of Candida albicans and 15 (15%) were suffering from trichomoniasis. No pathogen was found in 25 patients. Amsel's criteria is an accurate test for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.

  4. Accurate antemortem diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) based on detecting intrathecal antibodies against Sarcocystis neurona using the SnSAG2 and SnSAG4/3 ELISAs.

    PubMed

    Reed, S M; Howe, D K; Morrow, J K; Graves, A; Yeargan, M R; Johnson, A L; MacKay, R J; Furr, M; Saville, W J A; Williams, N M

    2013-01-01

    Recent work demonstrated the value of antigen-specific antibody indices (AI and C-value) to detect intrathecal antibody production against Sarcocystis neurona for antemortem diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). The study was conducted to assess whether the antigen-specific antibody indices can be reduced to a simple serum : cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) titer ratio to achieve accurate EPM diagnosis. Paired serum and CSF samples from 128 horses diagnosed by postmortem examination. The sample set included 44 EPM cases, 35 cervical-vertebral malformation (CVM) cases, 39 neurologic cases other than EPM or CVM, and 10 non-neurologic cases. Antibodies against S. neurona were measured in serum and CSF pairs using the SnSAG2 and SnSAG4/3 (SnSAG2, 4/3) ELISAs, and the ratio of each respective serum titer to CSF titer was determined. Likelihood ratios and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated based on serum titers, CSF titers, and serum : CSF titer ratios. Excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was obtained from the SnSAG2, 4/3 serum : CSF titer ratio. Sensitivity and specificity of 93.2 and 81.1%, respectively, were achieved using a ratio cutoff of ≤100, whereas sensitivity and specificity were 86.4 and 95.9%, respectively, if a more rigorous cutoff of ≤50 was used. Antibody titers in CSF also provided good diagnostic accuracy. Serum antibody titers alone yielded much lower sensitivity and specificity. The study confirms the value of detecting intrathecal antibody production for antemortem diagnosis of EPM, and they further show that the antigen-specific antibody indices can be reduced in practice to a simple serum : CSF titer ratio. Copyright © 2013 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

  5. Ontology-Based Method for Fault Diagnosis of Loaders.

    PubMed

    Xu, Feixiang; Liu, Xinhui; Chen, Wei; Zhou, Chen; Cao, Bingwei

    2018-02-28

    This paper proposes an ontology-based fault diagnosis method which overcomes the difficulty of understanding complex fault diagnosis knowledge of loaders and offers a universal approach for fault diagnosis of all loaders. This method contains the following components: (1) An ontology-based fault diagnosis model is proposed to achieve the integrating, sharing and reusing of fault diagnosis knowledge for loaders; (2) combined with ontology, CBR (case-based reasoning) is introduced to realize effective and accurate fault diagnoses following four steps (feature selection, case-retrieval, case-matching and case-updating); and (3) in order to cover the shortages of the CBR method due to the lack of concerned cases, ontology based RBR (rule-based reasoning) is put forward through building SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) rules. An application program is also developed to implement the above methods to assist in finding the fault causes, fault locations and maintenance measures of loaders. In addition, the program is validated through analyzing a case study.

  6. Ontology-Based Method for Fault Diagnosis of Loaders

    PubMed Central

    Liu, Xinhui; Chen, Wei; Zhou, Chen; Cao, Bingwei

    2018-01-01

    This paper proposes an ontology-based fault diagnosis method which overcomes the difficulty of understanding complex fault diagnosis knowledge of loaders and offers a universal approach for fault diagnosis of all loaders. This method contains the following components: (1) An ontology-based fault diagnosis model is proposed to achieve the integrating, sharing and reusing of fault diagnosis knowledge for loaders; (2) combined with ontology, CBR (case-based reasoning) is introduced to realize effective and accurate fault diagnoses following four steps (feature selection, case-retrieval, case-matching and case-updating); and (3) in order to cover the shortages of the CBR method due to the lack of concerned cases, ontology based RBR (rule-based reasoning) is put forward through building SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) rules. An application program is also developed to implement the above methods to assist in finding the fault causes, fault locations and maintenance measures of loaders. In addition, the program is validated through analyzing a case study. PMID:29495646

  7. Older Adult Experience of Online Diagnosis: Results From a Scenario-Based Think-Aloud Protocol

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    Background Searching for online information to interpret symptoms is an increasingly prevalent activity among patients, even among older adults. As older adults typically have complex health care needs, their risk of misinterpreting symptoms via online self-diagnosis may be greater. However, limited research has been conducted with older adults in the areas of symptom interpretation and human-computer interaction. Objective The intent of the study was to describe the processes that a sample of older adults may use to diagnose symptoms online as well as the processes that predict accurate diagnosis. Methods We conducted a series of “think-aloud” protocols with 79 adults aged 50 years or older. Participants received one of two vignettes that depicted symptoms of illness. Participants talked out loud about their thoughts and actions while attempting to diagnose the symptoms with and without the help of common Internet tools (Google and WebMD’s Symptom Checker). Think-aloud content was categorized using an adapted Q-sort and general inductive approach. We then compared the think-aloud content of participants who were accurate in their diagnosis with those who were not. Results Nineteen descriptive codes were identified from the think-aloud content. The codes touched upon Web navigation, attempts to organize and evaluate online health information, and strategies to diagnose symptoms. Participants most frequently relied on a strategy where they reviewed and then rejected the online diagnoses if they contained additional symptoms than those that were depicted in the vignette. Finally, participants who were inaccurate in their diagnosis reported being confused by the diagnosis task, lacking confidence in their diagnosis, and using their past experiences with illness to guide diagnosis more frequently than those participants who accurately diagnosed the symptoms. Conclusions Older adult participants tended to rely on matching strategies to interpret symptoms, but many

  8. CPA melanoma: diagnosis and management.

    PubMed

    Brackmann, Derald E; Doherty, Joni K

    2007-06-01

    Melanoma rarely invades the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and can evade accurate diagnosis, which may alter management decisions. Diagnosis may be facilitated via careful history, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Retrospective case review. Tertiary referral center. Thirteen internal auditory canal/CPA lesions in eight patients who presented with CPA syndrome and who had a pathological diagnosis consistent with malignant melanoma. There were four bilateral and four unilateral lesions. Six of eight patients had a history of melanoma. One was apparently primary CPA lesion, whereas all others were metastatic. T1- and T2-weighted precontrast and postcontrast gadolinium-enhanced MRI were obtained, including fat suppression and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence images in two patients; lumbar puncture with CSF centrifugation and cytological analysis confirmed the diagnosis in two patients. Translabyrinthine craniotomy was performed for tumor extirpation in five patients. Symptoms at presentation, MRI findings, presence of malignant cells in CSF, tumor progression, intraoperative findings, response to treatment, time interval from initial diagnosis of melanoma elsewhere, and survival. Seven of eight patients had history and/or MRI findings suggestive of malignancy in the internal auditory canal and/or CPA, and diagnosis was confirmed via CSF analysis in two patients. In one patient, diagnosis was made at surgery. Internal auditory canal melanoma portends a grim prognosis, can occur up to 17 years after initial melanoma diagnosis/treatment, and can be detected with appropriate MRI sequences, especially enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. In disseminated cases, diagnosis can be confirmed with lumbar puncture demonstrating malignant cells. Management includes tumor resection when melanoma seems to be solitary and malignant cells are not present in CSF. Intrathecal chemotherapy and radiation are

  9. A multiplex serologic platform for diagnosis of tick-borne diseases.

    PubMed

    Tokarz, Rafal; Mishra, Nischay; Tagliafierro, Teresa; Sameroff, Stephen; Caciula, Adrian; Chauhan, Lokendrasingh; Patel, Jigar; Sullivan, Eric; Gucwa, Azad; Fallon, Brian; Golightly, Marc; Molins, Claudia; Schriefer, Martin; Marques, Adriana; Briese, Thomas; Lipkin, W Ian

    2018-02-16

    Tick-borne diseases are the most common vector-borne diseases in the United States, with serology being the primary method of diagnosis. We developed the first multiplex, array-based assay for serodiagnosis of tick-borne diseases called the TBD-Serochip. The TBD-Serochip was designed to discriminate antibody responses to 8 major tick-borne pathogens present in the United States, including Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia miyamotoi, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Rickettsia rickettsii, Heartland virus and Powassan virus. Each assay contains approximately 170,000 12-mer linear peptides that tile along the protein sequence of the major antigens from each agent with 11 amino acid overlap. This permits accurate identification of a wide range of specific immunodominant IgG and IgM epitopes that can then be used to enhance diagnostic accuracy and integrate differential diagnosis into a single assay. To test the performance of the TBD-Serochip, we examined sera from patients with confirmed Lyme disease, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and Powassan virus disease. We identified a wide range of specific discriminatory epitopes that facilitated accurate diagnosis of each disease. We also identified previously undiagnosed infections. Our results indicate that the TBD-Serochip is a promising tool for a differential diagnosis not available with currently employed serologic assays for TBDs.

  10. Fractionation and reconstitution of factors required for accurate transcription of mammalian ribosomal RNA genes: identification of a species-dependent initiation factor.

    PubMed Central

    Mishima, Y; Financsek, I; Kominami, R; Muramatsu, M

    1982-01-01

    Mouse and human cell extracts (S100) can support an accurate and efficient transcription initiation on homologous ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) templates. The cell extracts were fractionated with the aid of a phosphocellulose column into four fractions (termed A, B, C and D), including one containing a major part of the RNA polymerase I activity. Various reconstitution experiments indicate that fraction D is an absolute requirement for the correct and efficient transcription initiation by RNA polymerase I on both mouse and human genes. Fraction B effectively suppresses random initiation on these templates. Fraction A appears to further enhance the transcription which takes place with fractions C and D. Although fractions A, B and C are interchangeable between mouse and human extracts, fraction D is not; i.e. initiation of transcription required the presence of a homologous fraction D for both templates. The factor(s) in fraction D, however, is not literally species-specific, since mouse D fraction is capable of supporting accurate transcription initiation on a rat rDNA template in the presence of all the other fractions from human cell extract under the conditions where human D fraction is unable to support it. We conclude from these experiments that a species-dependent factor in fraction D plays an important role in the initiation of rDNA transcription in each animal species. Images PMID:7177852

  11. Intelligence system based classification approach for medical disease diagnosis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sagir, Abdu Masanawa; Sathasivam, Saratha

    2017-08-01

    The prediction of breast cancer in women who have no signs or symptoms of the disease as well as survivability after undergone certain surgery has been a challenging problem for medical researchers. The decision about presence or absence of diseases depends on the physician's intuition, experience and skill for comparing current indicators with previous one than on knowledge rich data hidden in a database. This measure is a very crucial and challenging task. The goal is to predict patient condition by using an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) pre-processed by grid partitioning. To achieve an accurate diagnosis at this complex stage of symptom analysis, the physician may need efficient diagnosis system. A framework describes methodology for designing and evaluation of classification performances of two discrete ANFIS systems of hybrid learning algorithms least square estimates with Modified Levenberg-Marquardt and Gradient descent algorithms that can be used by physicians to accelerate diagnosis process. The proposed method's performance was evaluated based on training and test datasets with mammographic mass and Haberman's survival Datasets obtained from benchmarked datasets of University of California at Irvine's (UCI) machine learning repository. The robustness of the performance measuring total accuracy, sensitivity and specificity is examined. In comparison, the proposed method achieves superior performance when compared to conventional ANFIS based gradient descent algorithm and some related existing methods. The software used for the implementation is MATLAB R2014a (version 8.3) and executed in PC Intel Pentium IV E7400 processor with 2.80 GHz speed and 2.0 GB of RAM.

  12. [Pay attention to the imaging diagnosis of complex anal fistula].

    PubMed

    Zhou, Zhiyang

    2015-12-01

    The diagnosis and treatment of complex anal fistula has been a significant challenge. Unwise incision and excessive exploration will lead to the secondary branch, sinus and perforation. A simple fistula may become a surgical problem and result in disastrous consequences. Preoperative accurate diagnosis of anal fistula, including in the internal opening, primary track and location of the fistula, extensions and abscess, is important for anal fistula treatment. In the diagnosis of anal fistula, imaging examination, especially MRI plays a crucial role. Localization and demarcation of anal fistula and the relationship with sphincter are important. MRI has been an indispensable confirmatory imaging examination.

  13. Clinical application of antenatal genetic diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta type IV.

    PubMed

    Yuan, Jing; Li, Song; Xu, YeYe; Cong, Lin

    2015-04-02

    Clinical analysis and genetic testing of a family with osteogenesis imperfecta type IV were conducted, aiming to discuss antenatal genetic diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta type IV. Preliminary genotyping was performed based on clinical characteristics of the family members and then high-throughput sequencing was applied to rapidly and accurately detect the changes in candidate genes. Genetic testing of the III5 fetus and other family members revealed missense mutation in c.2746G>A, pGly916Arg in COL1A2 gene coding region and missense and synonymous mutation in COL1A1 gene coding region. Application of antenatal genetic diagnosis provides fast and accurate genetic counseling and eugenics suggestions for patients with osteogenesis imperfecta type IV and their families.

  14. Genetic analysis of PAX3 for diagnosis of Waardenburg syndrome type I.

    PubMed

    Matsunaga, Tatsuo; Mutai, Hideki; Namba, Kazunori; Morita, Noriko; Masuda, Sawako

    2013-04-01

    PAX3 genetic analysis increased the diagnostic accuracy for Waardenburg syndrome type I (WS1). Analysis of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of PAX3 helped verify the pathogenicity of a missense mutation, and multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis of PAX3 increased the sensitivity of genetic diagnosis in patients with WS1. Clinical diagnosis of WS1 is often difficult in individual patients with isolated, mild, or non-specific symptoms. The objective of the present study was to facilitate the accurate diagnosis of WS1 through genetic analysis of PAX3 and to expand the spectrum of known PAX3 mutations. In two Japanese families with WS1, we conducted a clinical evaluation of symptoms and genetic analysis, which involved direct sequencing, MLPA analysis, quantitative PCR of PAX3, and analysis of the predicted 3D structure of PAX3. The normal-hearing control group comprised 92 subjects who had normal hearing according to pure tone audiometry. In one family, direct sequencing of PAX3 identified a heterozygous mutation, p.I59F. Analysis of PAX3 3D structures indicated that this mutation distorted the DNA-binding site of PAX3. In the other family, MLPA analysis and subsequent quantitative PCR detected a large, heterozygous deletion spanning 1759-2554 kb that eliminated 12-18 genes including a whole PAX3 gene.

  15. Fast and accurate computation of projected two-point functions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Grasshorn Gebhardt, Henry S.; Jeong, Donghui

    2018-01-01

    We present the two-point function from the fast and accurate spherical Bessel transformation (2-FAST) algorithmOur code is available at https://github.com/hsgg/twoFAST. for a fast and accurate computation of integrals involving one or two spherical Bessel functions. These types of integrals occur when projecting the galaxy power spectrum P (k ) onto the configuration space, ξℓν(r ), or spherical harmonic space, Cℓ(χ ,χ'). First, we employ the FFTLog transformation of the power spectrum to divide the calculation into P (k )-dependent coefficients and P (k )-independent integrations of basis functions multiplied by spherical Bessel functions. We find analytical expressions for the latter integrals in terms of special functions, for which recursion provides a fast and accurate evaluation. The algorithm, therefore, circumvents direct integration of highly oscillating spherical Bessel functions.

  16. Memory conformity affects inaccurate memories more than accurate memories.

    PubMed

    Wright, Daniel B; Villalba, Daniella K

    2012-01-01

    After controlling for initial confidence, inaccurate memories were shown to be more easily distorted than accurate memories. In two experiments groups of participants viewed 50 stimuli and were then presented with these stimuli plus 50 fillers. During this test phase participants reported their confidence that each stimulus was originally shown. This was followed by computer-generated responses from a bogus participant. After being exposed to this response participants again rated the confidence of their memory. The computer-generated responses systematically distorted participants' responses. Memory distortion depended on initial memory confidence, with uncertain memories being more malleable than confident memories. This effect was moderated by whether the participant's memory was initially accurate or inaccurate. Inaccurate memories were more malleable than accurate memories. The data were consistent with a model describing two types of memory (i.e., recollective and non-recollective memories), which differ in how susceptible these memories are to memory distortion.

  17. Laboratory Diagnosis of Zika Virus Infection.

    PubMed

    Landry, Marie Louise; St George, Kirsten

    2017-01-01

    -The rapid and accurate diagnosis of Zika virus infection is an international priority. -To review current recommendations, methods, limitations, and priorities for Zika virus testing. -Sources include published literature, public health recommendations, laboratory procedures, and testing experience. -Until recently, the laboratory diagnosis of Zika infection was confined to public health or research laboratories that prepared their own reagents, and test capacity has been limited. Furthermore, Zika cross-reacts serologically with other flaviviruses, such as dengue, West Nile, and yellow fever. Current or past infection, or even vaccination with another flavivirus, will often cause false-positive or uninterpretable Zika serology results. Detection of viral RNA during acute infection using nucleic acid amplification tests provides more specific results, and a number of commercial nucleic acid amplification tests have received emergency use authorization. In addition to serum, testing of whole blood and urine is recommended because of the higher vial loads and longer duration of shedding. However, nucleic acid amplification testing has limited utility because many patients are asymptomatic or present for testing after the brief period of Zika shedding has passed. Thus, the greatest need and most difficult challenge is development of accurate antibody tests for the diagnosis of recent Zika infection. Research is urgently needed to identify Zika virus epitopes that do not cross-react with other flavivirus antigens. New information is emerging at a rapid pace and, with ongoing public-private and international collaborations and government support, it is hoped that rapid progress will be made in developing robust and widely applicable diagnostic tools.

  18. Distributed adaptive diagnosis of sensor faults using structural response data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dragos, Kosmas; Smarsly, Kay

    2016-10-01

    The reliability and consistency of wireless structural health monitoring (SHM) systems can be compromised by sensor faults, leading to miscalibrations, corrupted data, or even data loss. Several research approaches towards fault diagnosis, referred to as ‘analytical redundancy’, have been proposed that analyze the correlations between different sensor outputs. In wireless SHM, most analytical redundancy approaches require centralized data storage on a server for data analysis, while other approaches exploit the on-board computing capabilities of wireless sensor nodes, analyzing the raw sensor data directly on board. However, using raw sensor data poses an operational constraint due to the limited power resources of wireless sensor nodes. In this paper, a new distributed autonomous approach towards sensor fault diagnosis based on processed structural response data is presented. The inherent correlations among Fourier amplitudes of acceleration response data, at peaks corresponding to the eigenfrequencies of the structure, are used for diagnosis of abnormal sensor outputs at a given structural condition. Representing an entirely data-driven analytical redundancy approach that does not require any a priori knowledge of the monitored structure or of the SHM system, artificial neural networks (ANN) are embedded into the sensor nodes enabling cooperative fault diagnosis in a fully decentralized manner. The distributed analytical redundancy approach is implemented into a wireless SHM system and validated in laboratory experiments, demonstrating the ability of wireless sensor nodes to self-diagnose sensor faults accurately and efficiently with minimal data traffic. Besides enabling distributed autonomous fault diagnosis, the embedded ANNs are able to adapt to the actual condition of the structure, thus ensuring accurate and efficient fault diagnosis even in case of structural changes.

  19. Nucleic-acid testing, new platforms and nanotechnology for point-of-decision diagnosis of animal pathogens.

    PubMed

    Teles, Fernando; Fonseca, Luís

    2015-01-01

    Accurate disease diagnosis in animals is crucial for animal well-being but also for preventing zoonosis transmission to humans. In particular, livestock diseases may constitute severe threats to humans due to the particularly high physical contact and exposure and, also, be the cause of important economic losses, even in non-endemic countries, where they often arise in the form of rapid and devastating epidemics. Rapid diagnostic tests have been used for a long time in field situations, particularly during outbreaks. However, they mostly rely on serological approaches, which may confirm the exposure to a particular pathogen but may be inappropriate for point-of-decision (point-of-care) settings when emergency responses supported on early and accurate diagnosis are required. Moreover, they often exhibit modest sensitivity and hence significantly depend on later result confirmation in central or reference laboratories. The impressive advances observed in recent years in materials sciences and in nanotechnology, as well as in nucleic-acid synthesis and engineering, have led to an outburst of new in-the-bench and prototype tests for nucleic-acid testing towards point-of-care diagnosis of genetic and infectious diseases. Manufacturing, commercial, regulatory, and technical nature issues for field applicability more likely have hindered their wider entrance into veterinary medicine and practice than have fundamental science gaps. This chapter begins by outlining the current situation, requirements, difficulties, and perspectives of point-of-care tests for diagnosing diseases of veterinary interest. Nucleic-acid testing, particularly for the point of care, is addressed subsequently. A range of valuable signal transduction mechanisms commonly employed in proof-of-concept schemes and techniques born on the analytical chemistry laboratories are also described. As the essential core of this chapter, sections dedicated to the principles and applications of microfluidics, lab

  20. Assessment and Differential Diagnosis of Comorbid Conditions in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Trammell, Beth; Wilczynski, Susan M.; Dale, Brittany; Mcintosh, David E.

    2013-01-01

    Successful treatment of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is entirely contingent on an accurate diagnosis. Although many resources exist to help the clinician with differential diagnosis of children, particularly in early childhood, the resources available for evaluating adolescents and adults is far less prevalent. Clinicians often…

  1. Imaging and machine learning techniques for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

    PubMed

    Mirzaei, Golrokh; Adeli, Anahita; Adeli, Hojjat

    2016-12-01

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common health problem in elderly people. There has been considerable research toward the diagnosis and early detection of this disease in the past decade. The sensitivity of biomarkers and the accuracy of the detection techniques have been defined to be the key to an accurate diagnosis. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the research performed on the diagnosis of AD based on imaging and machine learning techniques. Different segmentation and machine learning techniques used for the diagnosis of AD are reviewed including thresholding, supervised and unsupervised learning, probabilistic techniques, Atlas-based approaches, and fusion of different image modalities. More recent and powerful classification techniques such as the enhanced probabilistic neural network of Ahmadlou and Adeli should be investigated with the goal of improving the diagnosis accuracy. A combination of different image modalities can help improve the diagnosis accuracy rate. Research is needed on the combination of modalities to discover multi-modal biomarkers.

  2. Differential diagnosis of delayed awakening from general anesthesia: a review.

    PubMed

    Frost, Elizabeth A M

    2014-10-01

    With the general use of fast acting anesthetic agents, patients usually awaken quickly in the post operative period. However, sometimes recovery is protracted and the list of possible causes in long. Accurate diagnosis is key to institution of appropriate therapy.

  3. Metabolite identification of triptolide by data-dependent accurate mass spectrometric analysis in combination with online hydrogen/deuterium exchange and multiple data-mining techniques.

    PubMed

    Du, Fuying; Liu, Ting; Liu, Tian; Wang, Yongwei; Wan, Yakun; Xing, Jie

    2011-10-30

    Triptolide (TP), the primary active component of the herbal medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has shown promising antileukemic and anti-inflammatory activity. The pharmacokinetic profile of TP indicates an extensive metabolic elimination in vivo; however, its metabolic data is rarely available partly because of the difficulty in identifying it due to the absence of appropriate ultraviolet chromophores in the structure and the presence of endogenous interferences in biological samples. In the present study, the biotransformation of TP was investigated by improved data-dependent accurate mass spectrometric analysis, using an LTQ/Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer in conjunction with the online hydrogen (H)/deuterium (D) exchange technique for rapid structural characterization. Accurate full-scan MS and MS/MS data were processed with multiple post-acquisition data-mining techniques, which were complementary and effective in detecting both common and uncommon metabolites from biological matrices. As a result, 38 phase I, 9 phase II and 8 N-acetylcysteine (NAC) metabolites of TP were found in rat urine. Accurate MS/MS data were used to support assignments of metabolite structures, and online H/D exchange experiments provided additional evidence for exchangeable hydrogen atoms in the structure. The results showed the main phase I metabolic pathways of TP are hydroxylation, hydrolysis and desaturation, and the resulting metabolites subsequently undergo phase II processes. The presence of NAC conjugates indicated the capability of TP to form reactive intermediate species. This study also demonstrated the effectiveness of LC/HR-MS(n) in combination with multiple post-acquisition data-mining methods and the online H/D exchange technique for the rapid identification of drug metabolites. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  4. Accurate screening for insulin resistance in PCOS women using fasting insulin concentrations.

    PubMed

    Lunger, Fabian; Wildt, Ludwig; Seeber, Beata

    2013-06-01

    The aims of this cross-sectional study were to evaluate the relative agreement of both static and dynamic methods of diagnosing IR in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to suggest a simple screening method for IR. All participants underwent serial blood draws for hormonal profiling and lipid assessment, a 3 h, 75 g load oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with every 15 min measurements of glucose and insulin, and an ACTH stimulation test. The prevalence of IR ranged from 12.2% to 60.5%, depending on the IR index used. Based on largest area under the curve on receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses, the dynamic indices outperformed the static indices with glucose to insulin ratio and fasting insulin (fInsulin) demonstrating the best diagnostic properties. Applying two cut-offs representing fInsulin extremes (<7 and >13 mIU/l, respectively) gave the diagnosis in 70% of the patients with high accuracy. Currently utilized indices for assessing IR give highly variable results in women with PCOS. The most accurate indices based on dynamic testing can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. We suggest the use of fInsulin as a simple screening test, which can reduce the number of OGTTs needed to routinely assess insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

  5. Differential Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Two Clinical Cases

    PubMed Central

    Stavropoulos, Katherine Kuhl-Meltzoff; Bolourian, Yasamine; Blacher, Jan

    2018-01-01

    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is estimated to affect one in 68 children. Given the increase in both prevalence and awareness of ASD, it is critical to provide accurate and timely diagnosis. However, ASD often co-occurs with other disorders, making diagnosis difficult. The objective of the current case study was to provide two examples of differential diagnosis in ASD and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) observed in an autism clinic. In both cases, the goal was to decide whether each child should be given a diagnosis of ASD, PTSD, or both. PMID:29642485

  6. Increasing the productivity of glycopeptides analysis by using higher-energy collision dissociation-accurate mass-product-dependent electron transfer dissociation.

    PubMed

    Saba, Julian; Dutta, Sucharita; Hemenway, Eric; Viner, Rosa

    2012-01-01

    Currently, glycans are attracting attention from the scientific community as potential biomarkers or as posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of therapeutic proteins. However, structural characterization of glycoproteins and glycopeptides remains analytically challenging. Here, we report on the implementation of a novel acquisition strategy termed higher-energy collision dissociation-accurate mass-product-dependent electron transfer dissociation (HCD-PD-ETD) on a hybrid linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometer. This acquisition strategy uses the complementary fragmentations of ETD and HCD for glycopeptides analysis in an intelligent fashion. Furthermore, the approach minimizes user input for optimizing instrumental parameters and enables straightforward detection of glycopeptides. ETD spectra are only acquired when glycan oxonium ions from MS/MS HCD are detected. The advantage of this approach is that it streamlines data analysis and improves dynamic range and duty cycle. Here, we present the benefits of HCD-PD-ETD relative to the traditional alternating HCD/ETD for a trainer set containing twelve-protein mixture with two glycoproteins: human serotransferrin, ovalbumin and contaminations of two other: bovine alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (bAGP) and bovine fetuin.

  7. Invasive candidiasis: future directions in non-culture based diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Posch, Wilfried; Heimdörfer, David; Wilflingseder, Doris; Lass-Flörl, Cornelia

    2017-09-01

    Delayed initial antifungal therapy is associated with high mortality rates caused by invasive candida infections, since accurate detection of the opportunistic pathogenic yeast and its identification display a diagnostic challenge. diagnosis of candida infections relies on time-consuming methods such as blood cultures, serologic and histopathologic examination. to allow for fast detection and characterization of invasive candidiasis, there is a need to improve diagnostic tools. trends in diagnostics switch to non-culture-based methods, which allow specified diagnosis within significantly shorter periods of time in order to provide early and appropriate antifungal treatment. Areas covered: within this review comprise novel pathogen- and host-related testing methods, e.g. multiplex-PCR analyses, T2 magnetic resonance, fungus-specific DNA microarrays, microRNA characterization or analyses of IL-17 as biomarker for early detection of invasive candidiasis. Expert commentary: Early recognition and diagnosis of fungal infections is a key issue for improved patient management. As shown in this review, a broad range of novel molecular based tests for the detection and identification of Candida species is available. However, several assays are in-house assays and lack standardization, clinical validation as well as data on sensitivity and specificity. This underscores the need for the development of faster and more accurate diagnostic tests.

  8. DNA Nanotechnology for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.

    PubMed

    Chen, Tianshu; Ren, Lingjie; Liu, Xiaohao; Zhou, Mengru; Li, Lingling; Xu, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaoli

    2018-06-05

    Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, because of the lack of accurate diagnostic tools for the early stages of cancer. Thus, early diagnosis, which provides important information for a timely therapy of cancer, is of great significance for controlling the development of the disease and the proliferation of cancer cells and for improving the survival rates of patients. To achieve the goals of early diagnosis and timely therapy of cancer, DNA nanotechnology may be effective, since it has emerged as a valid technique for the fabrication of various nanoscale structures and devices. The resultant DNA-based nanoscale structures and devices show extraordinary performance in cancer diagnosis, owing to their predictable secondary structures, small sizes, and high biocompatibility and programmability. In particular, the rapid development of DNA nanotechnologies, such as molecular assembly technologies, endows DNA-based nanomaterials with more functionalization and intellectualization. Here, we summarize recent progress made in the development of DNA nanotechnology for the fabrication of functional and intelligent nanomaterials and highlight the prospects of this technology in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

  9. Diagnosis and initial management of cerebellar infarction.

    PubMed

    Edlow, Jonathan A; Newman-Toker, David E; Savitz, Sean I

    2008-10-01

    Cerebellar infarction is an important cause of stroke that often presents with common and non-specific symptoms such as dizziness, nausea and vomiting, unsteady gait, and headache. Accurate diagnosis frequently relies on careful attention to patients' coordination, gait, and eye movements--components of the neurological physical examination that are sometimes omitted or abridged if cerebellar stroke is not specifically being considered. The differential diagnosis is broad, and includes many common and benign causes. Furthermore, early-stage posterior fossa ischaemia is rarely seen with brain CT--the most commonly available initial imaging test that is used for stroke. Insufficient examination and imaging can result in misdiagnosis. However, early correct diagnosis is crucial to help prevent treatable but potentially fatal complications, such as brainstem compression and obstructive hydrocephalus. The identification and treatment of the underlying vascular lesions at an early stage can also prevent subsequent occurrences of stroke and improve patients' outcomes. Here, we review the clinical presentation of cerebellar infarction, from diagnosis and misdiagnosis to patients' monitoring, treatment, and potential complications.

  10. Accurate localization of organ representation areas on the feet & hands using the bi-digital O-ring test resonance phenomenon: its clinical implication in diagnosis & treatment--Part I.

    PubMed

    Omura, Y

    1994-01-01

    Accuracy of the widely used organ representation areas, currently used in different schools of foot and hand reflexology was evaluated using Bi-Digital O-Ring test resonance phenomenon. Our previous study indicated that mapping organ representation areas of the tongue using Bi-Digital O-Ring Test resonance phenomenon between 2 identical substances often provided more reliable clinical information for both diagnosis and treatment than the 2 widely used, but crude, traditional schools of Chinese tongue diagnosis. This same method was applied for the mapping of the organ representation areas on the feet and hands. We succeeded in mapping the following areas on human feet: 1) Middle (3rd) toe on the sole side represents the following starting from the tip: A) Head, B) Face with eye, ear, nose, and mouth (1st Digit) C) Neck and organs within the neck (narrow band of space between 1st crease after the 1st digit and crease at the junction of the beginning of the sole); 2) 2nd and 4th toe represent upper extremities, the beginning tip being fingers and hands. The crease at the base of these toes represents the shoulder. The 2nd toe represents right upper extremity, and the 4th toe represents left upper extremity; 3) 1st and 5th toes in both the right and left feet represent lower extremities with the tip being the toes and soles of feet. The crease at the base of these toes represents the inguinal area. The 1st toe of each foot represents right lower extremity, and 5th toe represents left lower extremity. The sole of the foot is divided into the following 3 distinctive sections. 1) Upper (1st) section represents organs in the chest cavity including 2 thymus glands, trachea, 2 lungs, with the heart between them, and with the esophagus appearing as a narrow band outside of the lung near and below the 1st and 2nd toe depending upon the individual. Chest section occupies the first 1/3 to 1/5 (on a relatively long foot) of the entire sole. The boundary between the chest and G

  11. Rapid diagnosis of sepsis with TaqMan-Based multiplex real-time PCR.

    PubMed

    Liu, Chang-Feng; Shi, Xin-Ping; Chen, Yun; Jin, Ye; Zhang, Bing

    2018-02-01

    The survival rate of septic patients mainly depends on a rapid and reliable diagnosis. A rapid, broad range, specific and sensitive quantitative diagnostic test is the urgent need. Thus, we developed a TaqMan-Based Multiplex real-time PCR assays to identify bloodstream pathogens within a few hours. Primers and TaqMan probes were designed to be complementary to conserved regions in the 16S rDNA gene of different kinds of bacteria. To evaluate accurately, sensitively, and specifically, the known bacteria samples (Standard strains, whole blood samples) are determined by TaqMan-Based Multiplex real-time PCR. In addition, 30 blood samples taken from patients with clinical symptoms of sepsis were tested by TaqMan-Based Multiplex real-time PCR and blood culture. The mean frequency of positive for Multiplex real-time PCR was 96% at a concentration of 100 CFU/mL, and it was 100% at a concentration greater than 1000 CFU/mL. All the known blood samples and Standard strains were detected positively by TaqMan-Based Multiplex PCR, no PCR products were detected when DNAs from other bacterium were used in the multiplex assay. Among the 30 patients with clinical symptoms of sepsis, 18 patients were confirmed positive by Multiplex real-time PCR and seven patients were confirmed positive by blood culture. TaqMan-Based Multiplex real-time PCR assay with highly sensitivity, specificity and broad detection range, is a rapid and accurate method in the detection of bacterial pathogens of sepsis and should have a promising usage in the diagnosis of sepsis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  12. Mental models accurately predict emotion transitions.

    PubMed

    Thornton, Mark A; Tamir, Diana I

    2017-06-06

    Successful social interactions depend on people's ability to predict others' future actions and emotions. People possess many mechanisms for perceiving others' current emotional states, but how might they use this information to predict others' future states? We hypothesized that people might capitalize on an overlooked aspect of affective experience: current emotions predict future emotions. By attending to regularities in emotion transitions, perceivers might develop accurate mental models of others' emotional dynamics. People could then use these mental models of emotion transitions to predict others' future emotions from currently observable emotions. To test this hypothesis, studies 1-3 used data from three extant experience-sampling datasets to establish the actual rates of emotional transitions. We then collected three parallel datasets in which participants rated the transition likelihoods between the same set of emotions. Participants' ratings of emotion transitions predicted others' experienced transitional likelihoods with high accuracy. Study 4 demonstrated that four conceptual dimensions of mental state representation-valence, social impact, rationality, and human mind-inform participants' mental models. Study 5 used 2 million emotion reports on the Experience Project to replicate both of these findings: again people reported accurate models of emotion transitions, and these models were informed by the same four conceptual dimensions. Importantly, neither these conceptual dimensions nor holistic similarity could fully explain participants' accuracy, suggesting that their mental models contain accurate information about emotion dynamics above and beyond what might be predicted by static emotion knowledge alone.

  13. Mental models accurately predict emotion transitions

    PubMed Central

    Thornton, Mark A.; Tamir, Diana I.

    2017-01-01

    Successful social interactions depend on people’s ability to predict others’ future actions and emotions. People possess many mechanisms for perceiving others’ current emotional states, but how might they use this information to predict others’ future states? We hypothesized that people might capitalize on an overlooked aspect of affective experience: current emotions predict future emotions. By attending to regularities in emotion transitions, perceivers might develop accurate mental models of others’ emotional dynamics. People could then use these mental models of emotion transitions to predict others’ future emotions from currently observable emotions. To test this hypothesis, studies 1–3 used data from three extant experience-sampling datasets to establish the actual rates of emotional transitions. We then collected three parallel datasets in which participants rated the transition likelihoods between the same set of emotions. Participants’ ratings of emotion transitions predicted others’ experienced transitional likelihoods with high accuracy. Study 4 demonstrated that four conceptual dimensions of mental state representation—valence, social impact, rationality, and human mind—inform participants’ mental models. Study 5 used 2 million emotion reports on the Experience Project to replicate both of these findings: again people reported accurate models of emotion transitions, and these models were informed by the same four conceptual dimensions. Importantly, neither these conceptual dimensions nor holistic similarity could fully explain participants’ accuracy, suggesting that their mental models contain accurate information about emotion dynamics above and beyond what might be predicted by static emotion knowledge alone. PMID:28533373

  14. The use of biomarkers and molecular methods for the earlier diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients.

    PubMed

    Ambasta, Anshula; Carson, Julie; Church, Deirdre L

    2015-08-01

    Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is an opportunistic infection that is often life threatening in the immunocompromised host. Early diagnosis is critical, especially given the efficacy and availability of several new anti-fungal therapies. Current (2008) diagnostic criteria have limited ability to detect early infection and are aimed at establishing disease. Although histopathology and culture techniques have traditionally been used to make a proven diagnosis of IA, their dependence on tissue samples and slow turnaround times hamper early confirmation of IA. Serologic detection of circulating galactomannan and 1,3-β-D-glucan fungal biomarkers show promise for improving the diagnosis of IA, and their use is included in the EORTC/MSG diagnostic criteria for IA. Numerous studies have evaluated the diagnostic performance of these two biomarkers and shown that they have suboptimal sensitivity when used alone for early diagnosis of proven IA. Currently available molecular assays also suffer from a lack of standardization. Evaluation of the use of different combinations of test methods to enhance diagnostic accuracy is also being done but prompt, accurate diagnosis of IA remains a clinical and diagnostic challenge. The clinical validity and limitations of biomarkers and current molecular methods for the early diagnosis of IA are summarized in this review with respect to the different patient populations at risk for this serious infection. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  15. A mathematical framework for combining decisions of multiple experts toward accurate and remote diagnosis of malaria using tele-microscopy.

    PubMed

    Mavandadi, Sam; Feng, Steve; Yu, Frank; Dimitrov, Stoyan; Nielsen-Saines, Karin; Prescott, William R; Ozcan, Aydogan

    2012-01-01

    We propose a methodology for digitally fusing diagnostic decisions made by multiple medical experts in order to improve accuracy of diagnosis. Toward this goal, we report an experimental study involving nine experts, where each one was given more than 8,000 digital microscopic images of individual human red blood cells and asked to identify malaria infected cells. The results of this experiment reveal that even highly trained medical experts are not always self-consistent in their diagnostic decisions and that there exists a fair level of disagreement among experts, even for binary decisions (i.e., infected vs. uninfected). To tackle this general medical diagnosis problem, we propose a probabilistic algorithm to fuse the decisions made by trained medical experts to robustly achieve higher levels of accuracy when compared to individual experts making such decisions. By modelling the decisions of experts as a three component mixture model and solving for the underlying parameters using the Expectation Maximisation algorithm, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach which significantly improves the overall diagnostic accuracy of malaria infected cells. Additionally, we present a mathematical framework for performing 'slide-level' diagnosis by using individual 'cell-level' diagnosis data, shedding more light on the statistical rules that should govern the routine practice in examination of e.g., thin blood smear samples. This framework could be generalized for various other tele-pathology needs, and can be used by trained experts within an efficient tele-medicine platform.

  16. Molecular Approaches to Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis

    PubMed Central

    Hsiao, Susan J.; Nikiforov, Yuri E.

    2014-01-01

    Thyroid nodules are common, and the accurate diagnosis of cancer or benign disease is important for the effective clinical management of these patients. Molecular markers are a helpful diagnostic tool, particularly for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in developing molecular markers for clinical use in fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens, including gene mutation panels and gene expression classifiers. With the availability of next generation sequencing technology, gene mutation panels can be expanded to interrogate multiple genes simultaneously and to provide yet more accurate diagnostic information. In addition, recently several new molecular markers in thyroid cancer have been identified that offer diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic information that could potentially be of value in guiding individualized management of patients with thyroid nodules. PMID:24829266

  17. [Accurate diagnosis of Pseudomonas luteola in routine microbiology laboratory: on the occasion of two isolates].

    PubMed

    Çiçek, Muharrem; Hasçelik, Gülşen; Müştak, H Kaan; Diker, K Serdar; Şener, Burçin

    2016-10-01

    Pseudomonas luteola which was previously known as Chryseomonas luteola; is a gram-negative, non-fermentative, aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming bacillus. It is frequently found as a saprophyte in soil, water and other damp environments and is an opportunistic pathogen in patients with underlying medical disorders or with indwelling catheters. It has been reported as an uncommon cause of bacteremia, sepsis, septic arthritis, meningitis, endocarditis, and peritonitis. Thus, early and accurate identification of this rare species is important for the treatment and also to provide information about the epidemiology of P.luteola infections. This report was aimed to draw attention to the accurate identification of P.luteola in clinical samples, upon the isolation and identification in two cases in the medical microbiology laboratory of a university hospital. In February 2011, a 66-year-old man, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease and aplastic anemia, was admitted to our hospital due to progressive dyspnea. A chest tube was inserted on the 20th day of admission by the reason of recurrent pleural effusion. Staphylococcus aureus and a non-fermentative gram-negative bacillus (NFGNB) with wrinkled, sticky yellow colonies were isolated from the pleural fluid sample obtained on the 9th day following the insertion of the chest tube. In February 2012, a 7-year-old male cystic fibrosis patient who had no signs and symptoms of acute pulmonary exacerbation was admitted to the hospital for a routine control. This patient had chronic colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S.aureus and his sputum sample obtained at this visit revealed isolation of P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus and a wrinkled, sticky yellow NFGNB. Both of these NFGNB were identified as P.luteola by the Phoenix automated microbial identification system (BD Diagnostics, USA). To evaluate the microbiological characteristics of these two isolates, the strains were

  18. Antipsychotic Treatment of Adolescent Dual Diagnosis Patients

    PubMed Central

    Price, Scott A.; Brahm, Nancy C.

    2011-01-01

    BACKGROUND A diagnosis of schizophrenia requires development of a pharmacotherapy regimen that balances many factors in the therapeutic decision-making process. Patient age and the presence or absence of comorbid chemical dependency represent two factors. Comorbid chemical dependency can have a profound impact on the successful treatment of schizophrenia, making patients with dual diagnoses of schizophrenia and chemical dependence a uniquely challenging population. There is little information regarding treatment of schizophrenia and chemical dependence in the pediatric population. Existing data from pediatric and adult populations may facilitate a well-guided and knowledgeable approach to treating pediatric dual diagnosis patients. METHODS A review of the literature for medication trials evaluating antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia in childhood and adolescence as well as antipsychotic use in the treatment of the dual diagnoses of schizophrenia and chemical dependence was done. Databases for Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycInfo were searched using the terms “addiction,” “adolescence,” “childhood,” “dual diagnosis,” “schizophrenia,” and “substance abuse.” Results were limited to English-language articles. RESULTS Seven articles were identified related to psychotic disorders and substance abuse in pediatric populations. Psychosis measurement instruments included the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and Clinical Global Impression. Mean improvements were insignificant in most cases. Medication trials included clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and molindone. Trial safety concerns included metabolic effects, increased prolactin levels, and akathisia. One study with random assignment to olanzapine was discontinued early because of substantial weight gain without evidence of superior efficacy. Clozapine treatment was associated with more adverse drug events. CONCLUSION There is a great need for

  19. Deep neural networks: A promising tool for fault characteristic mining and intelligent diagnosis of rotating machinery with massive data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jia, Feng; Lei, Yaguo; Lin, Jing; Zhou, Xin; Lu, Na

    2016-05-01

    Aiming to promptly process the massive fault data and automatically provide accurate diagnosis results, numerous studies have been conducted on intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Among these studies, the methods based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) are commonly used, which employ signal processing techniques for extracting features and further input the features to ANNs for classifying faults. Though these methods did work in intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery, they still have two deficiencies. (1) The features are manually extracted depending on much prior knowledge about signal processing techniques and diagnostic expertise. In addition, these manual features are extracted according to a specific diagnosis issue and probably unsuitable for other issues. (2) The ANNs adopted in these methods have shallow architectures, which limits the capacity of ANNs to learn the complex non-linear relationships in fault diagnosis issues. As a breakthrough in artificial intelligence, deep learning holds the potential to overcome the aforementioned deficiencies. Through deep learning, deep neural networks (DNNs) with deep architectures, instead of shallow ones, could be established to mine the useful information from raw data and approximate complex non-linear functions. Based on DNNs, a novel intelligent method is proposed in this paper to overcome the deficiencies of the aforementioned intelligent diagnosis methods. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using datasets from rolling element bearings and planetary gearboxes. These datasets contain massive measured signals involving different health conditions under various operating conditions. The diagnosis results show that the proposed method is able to not only adaptively mine available fault characteristics from the measured signals, but also obtain superior diagnosis accuracy compared with the existing methods.

  20. Digital diagnosis of medical images

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Heinonen, Tomi; Kuismin, Raimo; Jormalainen, Raimo; Dastidar, Prasun; Frey, Harry; Eskola, Hannu

    2001-08-01

    The popularity of digital imaging devices and PACS installations has increased during the last years. Still, images are analyzed and diagnosed using conventional techniques. Our research group begun to study the requirements for digital image diagnostic methods to be applied together with PACS systems. The research was focused on various image analysis procedures (e.g., segmentation, volumetry, 3D visualization, image fusion, anatomic atlas, etc.) that could be useful in medical diagnosis. We have developed Image Analysis software (www.medimag.net) to enable several image-processing applications in medical diagnosis, such as volumetry, multimodal visualization, and 3D visualizations. We have also developed a commercial scalable image archive system (ActaServer, supports DICOM) based on component technology (www.acta.fi), and several telemedicine applications. All the software and systems operate in NT environment and are in clinical use in several hospitals. The analysis software have been applied in clinical work and utilized in numerous patient cases (500 patients). This method has been used in the diagnosis, therapy and follow-up in various diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), respiratory system (RS) and human reproductive system (HRS). In many of these diseases e.g. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (CNS), nasal airways diseases (RS) and ovarian tumors (HRS), these methods have been used for the first time in clinical work. According to our results, digital diagnosis improves diagnostic capabilities, and together with PACS installations it will become standard tool during the next decade by enabling more accurate diagnosis and patient follow-up.

  1. Computer-Aided Methodology for Syndromic Strabismus Diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Sousa de Almeida, João Dallyson; Silva, Aristófanes Corrêa; Teixeira, Jorge Antonio Meireles; Paiva, Anselmo Cardoso; Gattass, Marcelo

    2015-08-01

    Strabismus is a pathology that affects approximately 4 % of the population, causing aesthetic problems reversible at any age and irreversible sensory alterations that modify the vision mechanism. The Hirschberg test is one type of examination for detecting this pathology. Computer-aided detection/diagnosis is being used with relative success to aid health professionals. Nevertheless, the routine use of high-tech devices for aiding ophthalmological diagnosis and therapy is not a reality within the subspecialty of strabismus. Thus, this work presents a methodology to aid in diagnosis of syndromic strabismus through digital imaging. Two hundred images belonging to 40 patients previously diagnosed by an specialist were tested. The method was demonstrated to be 88 % accurate in esotropias identification (ET), 100 % for exotropias (XT), 80.33 % for hypertropias (HT), and 83.33 % for hypotropias (HoT). The overall average error was 5.6Δ and 3.83Δ for horizontal and vertical deviations, respectively, against the measures presented by the specialist.

  2. Malaria Diagnosis across the International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research: Platforms, Performance, and Standardization

    PubMed Central

    Kobayashi, Tamaki; Gamboa, Dionicia; Ndiaye, Daouda; Cui, Liwang; Sutton, Patrick L.; Vinetz, Joseph M.

    2015-01-01

    Diagnosis is “the act of identifying a disease, illness, or problem by examining someone or something.” When an individual with acute fever presents for clinical attention, accurate diagnosis leading to specific, prompt treatment often saves lives. As applied to malaria, not only individual patient diagnosis is important but also assessing population-level malaria prevalence using appropriate diagnostic methods is essential for public health purposes. Similarly, identifying (diagnosing) fake antimalarial medications prevents the use of counterfeit drugs that can have disastrous effects. Therefore, accurate diagnosis in broad areas related to malaria is fundamental to improving health-care delivery, informing funding agencies of current malaria situations, and aiding in the prioritization of regional and national control efforts. The International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR), supported by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, has collaborated on global efforts to improve malaria diagnostics by working to harmonize and systematize procedures across different regions where endemicity and financial resources vary. In this article, the different diagnostic methods used across each ICEMR are reviewed and challenges are discussed. PMID:26259937

  3. Biomarkers identified by urinary metabonomics for noninvasive diagnosis of nutritional rickets.

    PubMed

    Wang, Maoqing; Yang, Xue; Ren, Lihong; Li, Songtao; He, Xuan; Wu, Xiaoyan; Liu, Tingting; Lin, Liqun; Li, Ying; Sun, Changhao

    2014-09-05

    Nutritional rickets is a worldwide public health problem; however, the current diagnostic methods retain shortcomings for accurate diagnosis of nutritional rickets. To identify urinary biomarkers associated with nutritional rickets and establish a noninvasive diagnosis method, urinary metabonomics analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis were employed to investigate the metabolic alterations associated with nutritional rickets in 200 children with or without nutritional rickets. The pathophysiological changes and pathogenesis of nutritional rickets were illustrated by the identified biomarkers. By urinary metabolic profiling, 31 biomarkers of nutritional rickets were identified and five candidate biomarkers for clinical diagnosis were screened and identified by quantitative analysis and receiver operating curve analysis. Urinary levels of five candidate biomarkers were measured using mass spectrometry or commercial kits. In the validation step, the combination of phosphate and sebacic acid was able to give a noninvasive and accurate diagnostic with high sensitivity (94.0%) and specificity (71.2%). Furthermore, on the basis of the pathway analysis of biomarkers, our urinary metabonomics analysis gives new insight into the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of nutritional rickets.

  4. Challenges in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Lulu; Sanagapalli, Santosh; Stoita, Alina

    2018-05-21

    Pancreatic cancer is a growing source of cancer related death, yet has poor survival rates which have not improved in the last few decades. Its high mortality rate is attributed to pancreatic cancer biology, difficulty in early diagnosis and the lack of standardised international guidelines in assessing suspicious pancreatic masses. This review aims to provide an update in the current state of play in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and to evaluate the benefits and limitations of available diagnostic technology. The main modalities discussed are imaging with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasound and positron emission tomography and tissue acquisition with fine needle aspiration. We also review the improvements in the techniques used for tissue acquisition and the opportunity for personalised cancer medicine. Screening of high risk individuals, promising biomarkers and common mimickers of pancreatic cancer are also explored, as well as suggestions for future research directions to allow for earlier detection of pancreatic cancer. Timely and accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can lead to improvements in the current poor outcome of this disease.

  5. Chondromalacia patellae: diagnosis with MR imaging.

    PubMed

    McCauley, T R; Kier, R; Lynch, K J; Jokl, P

    1992-01-01

    Most previous studies of MR imaging for detection of chondromalacia have used T1-weighted images. We correlated findings on axial MR images of the knee with arthroscopic findings to determine MR findings of chondromalacia patellae on T2-weighted and proton density-weighted images. The study population included 52 patients who had MR examination of the knee with a 1.5-T unit and subsequent arthroscopy, which documented chondromalacia patellae in 29 patients and normal cartilage in 23. The patellar cartilage was assessed retrospectively for MR signal and contour characteristics. MR diagnosis based on the criteria of focal signal or focal contour abnormality on either the T2-weighted or proton density-weighted images yielded the highest correlation with the arthroscopic diagnosis of chondromalacia. When these criteria were used, patients with chondromalacia were detected with 86% sensitivity, 74% specificity, and 81% accuracy. MR diagnosis based on T2-weighted images alone was more sensitive and accurate than was diagnosis based on proton density-weighted images alone. In conclusion, most patients with chondromalacia patellae have focal signal or focal contour defects in the patellar cartilage on T2-weighted MR images. These findings are absent in most patients with arthroscopically normal cartilage.

  6. Remote Medical Diagnosis System (RMDS) Utilization Study.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-08-18

    information between naval ships and designated naval medical centers. It will have the capability for point -to- point exchange of televi- sion images...are necessary to show anatomical spatial relationships and other features. Appendix A shows the number of X-ray views routinely taken to examine various...session. However, it was pointed out that color only made diagnosis easier and faster, but not necessarily more accurate than black-and-white

  7. [Caffeine dependence].

    PubMed

    Ogawa, Naoshi; Ueki, Hirofumi

    2010-08-01

    Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world and is a legal stimulant that is readily available to children. The potential for dependence on caffeine has been debated. Presently, due to a paucity of clinical evidence on caffeine dependence, no such diagnosis is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Although in recent studies, a subset of the general population was found to demonstrate caffeine dependence. It is valuable for psychiatrists and primary care physicians to recognize caffeine dependence as a clinical syndrome, since some people are distressed by their caffeine use and feel they can not control or stop their problematic use.

  8. Accurate MR thermometry by hyperpolarized 129 Xe.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Le; Burant, Alex; McCallister, Andrew; Zhao, Victor; Koshlap, Karl M; Degan, Simone; Antonacci, Michael; Branca, Rosa Tamara

    2017-09-01

    To investigate the temperature dependence of the resonance frequency of lipid-dissolved xenon (LDX) and to assess the accuracy of LDX-based MR thermometry. The chemical shift temperature dependence of water protons, methylene protons, and LDX was measured from samples containing tissues with varying fat contents using a high-resolution NMR spectrometer. LDX results were then used to acquire relative and absolute temperature maps in vivo and the results were compared with PRF-based MR thermometry. The temperature dependence of proton resonance frequency (PRF) is strongly affected by the specific distribution of water and fat. A redistribution of water and fat compartments can reduce the apparent temperature dependence of the water chemical shift from -0.01 ppm/°C to -0.006 ppm, whereas the LDX chemical shift shows a consistent temperature dependence of -0.21 ppm/°C. The use of the methylene protons resonance frequency as internal reference improves the accuracy of LDX-based MR thermometry, but degrades that of PRF-based MR thermometry, as microscopic susceptibility gradients affected lipid and water spins differently. The LDX resonance frequency, with its higher temperature dependence, provides more accurate and precise temperature measurements, both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, the resonance frequency of nearby methylene protons can be used to extract absolute temperature information. Magn Reson Med 78:1070-1079, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

  9. [Laboratory diagnosis of lipid imbalance].

    PubMed

    Siemianowicz, K

    1996-01-01

    Accurate diagnosis of hyperlipidaemia is necessary for the effective treatment. Measurements in serum or plasma obtained after an overnight fast of over 16 hours should include total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol concentrations; LDL-cholesterol can be calculated using the Friedelwald's formula. Lipoprotein electrophoresis is used to define different phenotypes of hyperlipoproteinaemia according to the Fredrickson's classification. More sophisticated tests include apolipoprotein analysis, determination of Lp(a) concentration, activities of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism and genetic studies. Secondary causes of hyperlipidaemia, including liver, kidney, endocrine disorders should be excluded using the laboratory methods.

  10. A Dual-Mode Large-Arrayed CMOS ISFET Sensor for Accurate and High-Throughput pH Sensing in Biomedical Diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Huang, Xiwei; Yu, Hao; Liu, Xu; Jiang, Yu; Yan, Mei; Wu, Dongping

    2015-09-01

    The existing ISFET-based DNA sequencing detects hydrogen ions released during the polymerization of DNA strands on microbeads, which are scattered into microwell array above the ISFET sensor with unknown distribution. However, false pH detection happens at empty microwells due to crosstalk from neighboring microbeads. In this paper, a dual-mode CMOS ISFET sensor is proposed to have accurate pH detection toward DNA sequencing. Dual-mode sensing, optical and chemical modes, is realized by integrating a CMOS image sensor (CIS) with ISFET pH sensor, and is fabricated in a standard 0.18-μm CIS process. With accurate determination of microbead physical locations with CIS pixel by contact imaging, the dual-mode sensor can correlate local pH for one DNA slice at one location-determined microbead, which can result in improved pH detection accuracy. Moreover, toward a high-throughput DNA sequencing, a correlated-double-sampling readout that supports large array for both modes is deployed to reduce pixel-to-pixel nonuniformity such as threshold voltage mismatch. The proposed CMOS dual-mode sensor is experimentally examined to show a well correlated pH map and optical image for microbeads with a pH sensitivity of 26.2 mV/pH, a fixed pattern noise (FPN) reduction from 4% to 0.3%, and a readout speed of 1200 frames/s. A dual-mode CMOS ISFET sensor with suppressed FPN for accurate large-arrayed pH sensing is proposed and demonstrated with state-of-the-art measured results toward accurate and high-throughput DNA sequencing. The developed dual-mode CMOS ISFET sensor has great potential for future personal genome diagnostics with high accuracy and low cost.

  11. Experiences of prenatal diagnosis and decision-making about termination of pregnancy: A qualitative study.

    PubMed

    Hodgson, Jan; Pitt, Penelope; Metcalfe, Sylvia; Halliday, Jane; Menezes, Melody; Fisher, Jane; Hickerton, Chriselle; Petersen, Kerry; McClaren, Belinda

    2016-12-01

    Advances in genetic technologies and ultrasound screening techniques have increased the ability to predict and diagnose congenital anomalies during pregnancy. As a result more prospective parents than ever before will receive a prenatal diagnosis of a fetal abnormality. Little is known about how Australian women and men experience receiving a prenatal diagnosis and how they make their decision about whether or not to continue the pregnancy. This qualitative study aims to describe parental experiences and examine how best to provide support after a prenatal diagnosis. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 102 women and men approximately six weeks post-diagnosis of fetal abnormality. Data were elicited using a narrative, chronological approach and women (n = 75) and a sample of male partners (n = 27) were separately interviewed. Thematic analysis, involving a rigorous process of qualitative coding, enabled iterative development and validation of emergent themes. Participants identified that the shock of the diagnosis can be lessened when good care is delivered, by provision of: clear, accurate and respectful communication; empathic, non-judgemental, professional support; timely access to further testing and appointments; seamless interactions with services and administration; appropriate choices about invasive testing; acknowledgment of the enormity and unexpected nature of the diagnosis, and of the subsequent decision-making challenges; and discussion of the myriad feelings likely to emerge throughout the process. This study has demonstrated the importance of providing timely access to accurate information and supportive, non-judgemental care for women and their partners following prenatal diagnosis of a fetal abnormality. © 2016 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

  12. Revisit to three-dimensional percolation theory: Accurate analysis for highly stretchable conductive composite materials

    PubMed Central

    Kim, Sangwoo; Choi, Seongdae; Oh, Eunho; Byun, Junghwan; Kim, Hyunjong; Lee, Byeongmoon; Lee, Seunghwan; Hong, Yongtaek

    2016-01-01

    A percolation theory based on variation of conductive filler fraction has been widely used to explain the behavior of conductive composite materials under both small and large deformation conditions. However, it typically fails in properly analyzing the materials under the large deformation since the assumption may not be valid in such a case. Therefore, we proposed a new three-dimensional percolation theory by considering three key factors: nonlinear elasticity, precisely measured strain-dependent Poisson’s ratio, and strain-dependent percolation threshold. Digital image correlation (DIC) method was used to determine actual Poisson’s ratios at various strain levels, which were used to accurately estimate variation of conductive filler volume fraction under deformation. We also adopted strain-dependent percolation threshold caused by the filler re-location with deformation. When three key factors were considered, electrical performance change was accurately analyzed for composite materials with both isotropic and anisotropic mechanical properties. PMID:27694856

  13. Extracting Time-Accurate Acceleration Vectors From Nontrivial Accelerometer Arrangements.

    PubMed

    Franck, Jennifer A; Blume, Janet; Crisco, Joseph J; Franck, Christian

    2015-09-01

    Sports-related concussions are of significant concern in many impact sports, and their detection relies on accurate measurements of the head kinematics during impact. Among the most prevalent recording technologies are videography, and more recently, the use of single-axis accelerometers mounted in a helmet, such as the HIT system. Successful extraction of the linear and angular impact accelerations depends on an accurate analysis methodology governed by the equations of motion. Current algorithms are able to estimate the magnitude of acceleration and hit location, but make assumptions about the hit orientation and are often limited in the position and/or orientation of the accelerometers. The newly formulated algorithm presented in this manuscript accurately extracts the full linear and rotational acceleration vectors from a broad arrangement of six single-axis accelerometers directly from the governing set of kinematic equations. The new formulation linearizes the nonlinear centripetal acceleration term with a finite-difference approximation and provides a fast and accurate solution for all six components of acceleration over long time periods (>250 ms). The approximation of the nonlinear centripetal acceleration term provides an accurate computation of the rotational velocity as a function of time and allows for reconstruction of a multiple-impact signal. Furthermore, the algorithm determines the impact location and orientation and can distinguish between glancing, high rotational velocity impacts, or direct impacts through the center of mass. Results are shown for ten simulated impact locations on a headform geometry computed with three different accelerometer configurations in varying degrees of signal noise. Since the algorithm does not require simplifications of the actual impacted geometry, the impact vector, or a specific arrangement of accelerometer orientations, it can be easily applied to many impact investigations in which accurate kinematics need

  14. Usher syndrome: an effective sequencing approach to establish a genetic and clinical diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Lenarduzzi, S; Vozzi, D; Morgan, A; Rubinato, E; D'Eustacchio, A; Osland, T M; Rossi, C; Graziano, C; Castorina, P; Ambrosetti, U; Morgutti, M; Girotto, G

    2015-02-01

    Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, sensorineural hearing loss and, in some cases, vestibular dysfunction. The disorder is clinically and genetically heterogeneous and, to date, mutations in 11 genes have been described. This finding makes difficult to get a precise molecular diagnosis and offer patients accurate genetic counselling. To overcome this problem and to increase our knowledge of the molecular basis of Usher syndrome, we designed a targeted resequencing custom panel. In a first validation step a series of 16 Italian patients with known molecular diagnosis were analysed and 31 out of 32 alleles were detected (97% of accuracy). After this step, 31 patients without a molecular diagnosis were enrolled in the study. Three out of them with an uncertain Usher diagnosis were excluded. One causative allele was detected in 24 out 28 patients (86%) while the presence of both causative alleles characterized 19 patients out 28 (68%). Sixteen novel and 27 known alleles were found in the following genes: USH2A (50%), MYO7A (7%), CDH23 (11%), PCDH15 (7%) and USH1G (2%). Overall, on the 44 patients the protocol was able to characterize 74 alleles out of 88 (84%). These results suggest that our panel is an effective approach for the genetic diagnosis of Usher syndrome leading to: 1) an accurate molecular diagnosis, 2) better genetic counselling, 3) more precise molecular epidemiology data fundamental for future interventional plans. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. Novel, In-House, SYBR Green Based One-Step rRT-PCR: Rapid and Accurate Diagnosis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Suspected Patients From Iran.

    PubMed

    Zahraei, Bentolhoda; Hashemzadeh, Mohammad Sadegh; Najarasl, Mohammad; Zahiriyeganeh, Samaneh; Tat, Mahdi; Metanat, Maliheh; Sepehri Rad, Nahid; Khansari-Nejad, Behzad; Zafari, Ehsan; Sharti, Mojtaba; Dorostkar, Ruhollah

    2016-01-01

    The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus causes severe disease in humans, with a high mortality rate. Since, there is no approved vaccine or specific treatment for CCHF, an early and accurate diagnosis, as well as reliable surveillance, is essential for case management and patient improvement. For this research, our aim was to evaluate the application of a novel SYBR Green based one-step real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay for the in-house diagnosis of the CCHF virus. In this experimental study, the highly conserved S-region sequence of the CCHF viral genome was first adapted from GenBank, and the specific primers targeting this region were designed. Then, the viral RNA was extracted from 75 serum samples from different patients in eastern Iran. The sensitivity and specificity of the primers were also evaluated in positive serum samples previously confirmed to have the CCHF virus, by this one-step rRT-PCR assay, as well as a DNA sequencing analysis. From a total of 75 suspected serum samples, 42 were confirmed to be positive for CCHF virus, with no false-positives detected by the sequencing results. After 40 amplification cycles, the melting curve analysis revealed a mean melting temperature (Tm) of 86.5 ± 0.6°C (quite different from those of the primer-dimers), and the positive samples showed only a small variation in the parameters. In all of the positive samples, the predicted length of 420 bp was confirmed by electrophoresis. Moreover, the sensitivity test showed that this assay can detect less than 20 copies of viral RNA per reaction. This study showed that this novel one-step rRT-PCR assay is a rapid, reliable, repeatable, specific, sensitive, and simple tool for the detection of the CCHF virus.

  16. Deep Learning and Insomnia: Assisting Clinicians With Their Diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Shahin, Mostafa; Ahmed, Beena; Hamida, Sana Tmar-Ben; Mulaffer, Fathima Lamana; Glos, Martin; Penzel, Thomas

    2017-11-01

    Effective sleep analysis is hampered by the lack of automated tools catering to disordered sleep patterns and cumbersome monitoring hardware. In this paper, we apply deep learning on a set of 57 EEG features extracted from a maximum of two EEG channels to accurately differentiate between patients with insomnia or controls with no sleep complaints. We investigated two different approaches to achieve this. The first approach used EEG data from the whole sleep recording irrespective of the sleep stage (stage-independent classification), while the second used only EEG data from insomnia-impacted specific sleep stages (stage-dependent classification). We trained and tested our system using both healthy and disordered sleep collected from 41 controls and 42 primary insomnia patients. When compared with manual assessments, an NREM + REM based classifier had an overall discrimination accuracy of 92% and 86% between two groups using both two and one EEG channels, respectively. These results demonstrate that deep learning can be used to assist in the diagnosis of sleep disorders such as insomnia.

  17. Communication issues in migraine diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Edmeads, John

    2002-06-01

    To examine the importance of good communication when informing the patient of the diagnosis of migraine; to review the essentials of successful communication between physician and patient on the aspect of diagnosis; to survey learning resources for physicians on communicating information to patients. This paper is based on observations made by the author of the successful interactions of numerous international "headache experts" with their patients, on a review of the medical education literature pertaining to the teaching of communication skills, and on 30 years of not always successful communication with patients. Communicating the diagnosis of migraine is an opportunity to educate and reassure the patient, to lay the foundation for rational treatment and to help establish the successful doctor-patient relationship which is essential for effective management. No matter how accurate the diagnosis, failure to communicate it effectively to the patient (and often to significant others) may impair interactions with the patient and compromise therapy. Effective communication of a diagnosis requires clarity, relevance to the patient, a positive attitude, and reinforcement through repetition, questioning and dialogue. In terms of using the diagnosis to lay a foundation for therapy, it is useful to explain the symptoms as transient physical dysfunction of normal tissues, to indicate that there are multiple mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of which only some may presently be susceptible to treatment and to stress the relevance of emotions as factors which may powerfully affect, for better or worse, the underlying disturbed physiology of migraine. Into this model can be "plugged" all the relevant therapies for migraine. This is the ideal, but every day experience in the headache consultant's office suggest that in both primary care and specialist practice, it is infrequently attained. There are scant resources other than example for physicians to learn communication of

  18. Stroke echoscan protocol: a fast and accurate pathway to diagnose embolic strokes.

    PubMed

    Pagola, Jorge; González-Alujas, Teresa; Muchada, Marian; Teixidó, Gisela; Flores, Alan; De Blauwe, Sophie; Seró, Laia; Luna, David Rodríguez; Rubiera, Marta; Ribó, Marc; Boned, Sandra; Álvarez-Sabin, José; Evangelista, Arturo; Molina, Carlos A

    2015-01-01

    Cardiac Echoscan is the simplified transthoracic echocardiogram focused on the main source of emboli detection in the acute stroke diagnosis (Stroke Echoscan). We describe the clinical impact related to the Stroke Echoscan protocol in our Center. Acute stroke patients who underwent the Stroke Echoscan by a trained stroke neurologist were included (Echoscan group). All examinations were reviewed by cardiologists. The main embolic stroke etiologies were: ventricular akinesia (VA), severe aortic atheroma (AA) plaque and cardiac shunt (SHUNT). The rate of the embolic stroke etiologies and the median length of stay (LOS) were compared with a cohort of patients studied by cardiologist (Echo group). Eighty acute stroke patients were included. The sensitivity (S) and specificity (E) were: VA (S 98.6%, E 66.7%, k = .7), AA (S 93.3%, E 96.9%, k = .88) and SHUNT (S 100%, E 100%, k = 1), respectively. The rate of AA diagnosis was significantly higher in Echoscan group (18.8% vs. 8.9%; P = .05). Echoscan protocol significantly reduced the LOS: 6 days (IQR 3-10) versus Echo group 9 days (IQR 6-13; P < .001). The Echoscan protocol was an accurate quick test, which reduced the length of stay and increased the percentage of severe AA plaque diagnosis. Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Neuroimaging.

  19. Reliable and accurate extraction of Hamaker constants from surface force measurements.

    PubMed

    Miklavcic, S J

    2018-08-15

    A simple and accurate closed-form expression for the Hamaker constant that best represents experimental surface force data is presented. Numerical comparisons are made with the current standard least squares approach, which falsely assumes error-free separation measurements, and a nonlinear version assuming independent measurements of force and separation are subject to error. The comparisons demonstrate that not only is the proposed formula easily implemented it is also considerably more accurate. This option is appropriate for any value of Hamaker constant, high or low, and certainly for any interacting system exhibiting an inverse square distance dependent van der Waals force. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Isolation of Candida auris from 9 patients in Central America: Importance of accurate diagnosis and susceptibility testing.

    PubMed

    Araúz, Ana Belen; Caceres, Diego H; Santiago, Erika; Armstrong, Paige; Arosemena, Susan; Ramos, Carolina; Espinosa-Bode, Andres; Borace, Jovanna; Hayer, Lizbeth; Cedeño, Israel; Jackson, Brendan R; Sosa, Nestor; Berkow, Elizabeth L; Lockhart, Shawn R; Rodriguez-French, Amalia; Chiller, Tom

    2018-01-01

    Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) fungus associated with invasive infections and high mortality. This report describes 9 patients from whom C. auris was isolated at a hospital in Panama City, Panama, the first such cases in Central America, and highlights the challenges of accurate identification and methods for susceptibility testing. © 2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  1. Our transthoracic biopsy practices accompanied by the imaging process: The contribution of positron emission tomography usage to accurate diagnosis.

    PubMed

    İntepe, Yavuz Selim; Metin, Bayram; Şahin, Sevinç; Kaya, Buğra; Okur, Aylin

    2016-08-01

    The objective of this study was to compare the results of transthoracic biopsies performed through the use of FDG PET/CT imaging with the results of transthoracic needle biopsy performed without using the FDG PET/CT imaging. The medical files of a total of 58 patients with pulmonary and mediastinal masses. A total of 20 patients, who were suspected of malignancy with the SUVmax value of over 2.5 in FDG PET/CT, underwent a biopsy process. Twelve patients with no suspicion of malignancy in accordance with CT images and with the SUVmax value below 2.5 underwent no biopsy procedure, and hence, they were excluded from the study. On the other hand, 26 patients directly went through a biopsy process with the suspicion of malignancy according to CT imaging, regardless of performing any FDG PET/CT imaging. According to the biopsy results, the number of the patients diagnosed with cancer was 20 (43.5%), while the number of non-cancerous patients was 26 (56.5%). When these findings were considered, it was determined that the sensitivity of the whole TTNB (transthoracic needle biopsy) was 80.8%, and the specificity was found as 100%. The positive predictive value of the whole TTNB was 100%, while its negative predictive value was found to be 80%. The sensitivity in TTNB performed together with FDG PET/CT was 90.9%, whereas the specificity was 100%. The positive predictive value of TTNB with FDG PET/CT was 100%, while its negative predictive value was found to be 81.8%. The sensitivity in TTNB performed without the use of FDG PET/CT was 73.3%, whereas the specificity was determined as 100%. Performing FDG PET/CT imaging process prior to a transthoracic biopsy as well as preferring FDG PET/CT for the spot on which the biopsy will be performed during the transthoracic biopsy procedure increases the rate of receiving accurate diagnosis.

  2. Cirrhosis Diagnosis and Liver Fibrosis Staging: Transient Elastometry Versus Cirrhosis Blood Test.

    PubMed

    Calès, Paul; Boursier, Jérôme; Oberti, Frédéric; Bardou, Derek; Zarski, Jean-Pierre; de Lédinghen, Victor

    2015-07-01

    Elastometry is more accurate than blood tests for cirrhosis diagnosis. However, blood tests were developed for significant fibrosis, with the exception of CirrhoMeter developed for cirrhosis. We compared the performance of Fibroscan and CirrhoMeter, and classic binary cirrhosis diagnosis versus new fibrosis staging for cirrhosis diagnosis. The diagnostic population included 679 patients with hepatitis C and liver biopsy (Metavir staging and morphometry), Fibroscan, and CirrhoMeter. The prognostic population included 1110 patients with chronic liver disease and both tests. Binary diagnosis: AUROCs for cirrhosis were: Fibroscan: 0.905; CirrhoMeter: 0.857; and P=0.041. Accuracy (Youden cutoff) was: Fibroscan: 85.4%; CirrhoMeter: 79.2%; and P<0.001. Fibrosis classification provided 6 classes (F0/1, F1/2, F2±1, F3±1, F3/4, and F4). Accuracy was: Fibroscan: 88.2%; CirrhoMeter: 88.8%; and P=0.77. A simplified fibrosis classification comprised 3 categories: discrete (F1±1), moderate (F2±1), and severe (F3/4) fibrosis. Using this simplified classification, CirrhoMeter predicted survival better than Fibroscan (respectively, χ=37.9 and 19.7 by log-rank test), but both predicted it well (P<0.001 by log-rank test). Comparison: binary diagnosis versus fibrosis classification, respectively, overall accuracy: CirrhoMeter: 79.2% versus 88.8% (P<0.001); Fibroscan: 85.4% versus 88.2% (P=0.127); positive predictive value for cirrhosis by Fibroscan: Youden cutoff (11.1 kPa): 49.1% versus cutoffs of F3/4 (17.6 kPa): 67.6% and F4 classes (25.7 kPa): 82.4%. Fibroscan's usual binary cutoffs for cirrhosis diagnosis are not sufficiently accurate. Fibrosis classification should be preferred over binary diagnosis. A cirrhosis-specific blood test markedly attenuates the accuracy deficit for cirrhosis diagnosis of usual blood tests versus transient elastometry, and may offer better prognostication.

  3. Onychomycosis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management

    PubMed Central

    Elewski, Boni E.

    1998-01-01

    Although not life-threatening, onychomycosis (a fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by a dermatophyte) constitutes an important public health problem because of its high prevalence (about 10% of the U.S. population) and associated morbidity. The disease can have certain negative consequences for patients, such as pain, and can potentially undermine work and social lives. This review discusses the etiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of onychomycosis. Four types of onychomycosis are recognized based on the site and pattern of fungal invasion. Dermatophyte fungi are the predominant pathogens, but yeasts (especially Candida albicans) and nondermatophyte molds may also be implicated. Accurate diagnosis requires direct microscopy and fungal culture. The differential diagnosis includes psoriasis, lichen planus, onychogryphosis, and nail trauma. Onychomycosis is more difficult to treat than most dermatophytoses because of the inherent slow growth of the nail. Older antifungal agents (ketoconazole and griseofulvin) are unsuitable for onychomycosis because of their relatively poor efficacy and potential adverse effects. Three recently developed antimycotic agents (fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine) offer high cure rates and good safety profiles. In addition, the short treatment times (<3 months) and intermittent dosing schedules are likely to enhance compliance and reduce the costs of therapy. PMID:9665975

  4. Nano/microfluidics for diagnosis of infectious diseases in developing countries

    PubMed Central

    Lee, Won Gu; Kim, Yun-Gon; Chung, Bong Geun; Demirci, Utkan; Khademhosseini, Ali

    2010-01-01

    Nano/microfluidic technologies are emerging as powerful enabling tools for diagnosis and monitoring of infectious diseases in both developed and developing countries. Miniaturized nano/microfluidic platforms that precisely manipulate small fluid volumes can be used to enable medical diagnosis in a more rapid and accurate manner. In particular, these nano/microfluidic diagnostic technologies are potentially applicable to global health applications, because they are disposable, inexpensive, portable, and easy-to-use for detection of infectious diseases. In this paper, we review recent developments in nano/microfluidic technologies for clinical point-of-care applications at resource-limited settings in developing countries. PMID:19954755

  5. Direct and accurate measurement of size dependent wetting behaviors for sessile water droplets

    PubMed Central

    Park, Jimin; Han, Hyung-Seop; Kim, Yu-Chan; Ahn, Jae-Pyeong; Ok, Myoung-Ryul; Lee, Kyung Eun; Lee, Jee-Wook; Cha, Pil-Ryung; Seok, Hyun-Kwang; Jeon, Hojeong

    2015-01-01

    The size-dependent wettability of sessile water droplets is an important matter in wetting science. Although extensive studies have explored this problem, it has been difficult to obtain empirical data for microscale sessile droplets at a wide range of diameters because of the flaws resulting from evaporation and insufficient imaging resolution. Herein, we present the size-dependent quantitative change of wettability by directly visualizing the three phase interfaces of droplets using a cryogenic-focused ion beam milling and SEM-imaging technique. With the fundamental understanding of the formation pathway, evaporation, freezing, and contact angle hysteresis for sessile droplets, microdroplets with diameters spanning more than three orders of magnitude on various metal substrates were examined. Wetting nature can gradually change from hydrophobic at the hundreds-of-microns scale to super-hydrophobic at the sub-μm scale, and a nonlinear relationship between the cosine of the contact angle and contact line curvature in microscale water droplets was demonstrated. We also showed that the wettability could be further tuned in a size-dependent manner by introducing regular heterogeneities to the substrate. PMID:26657208

  6. Inter-observer variation in the diagnosis of neurologic abnormalities in the horse

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Background – The diagnosis of EPM relies heavily on the clinical examination. The accurate identification of neurologic signs during a clinical examination is critical to the interpretation of laboratory results. Objective – To investigate the level of agreement between board-certified veterinary in...

  7. Food allergy: immune mechanisms, diagnosis and immunotherapy

    PubMed Central

    Nadeau, Kari C.

    2016-01-01

    Food allergy is a pathological, potentially deadly, immune reaction triggered by normally innocuous food protein antigens. The prevalence of food allergies is rising and the standard of care is not optimal, consisting of food-allergen avoidance and treatment of allergen-induced systemic reactions with adrenaline. Thus, accurate diagnosis, prevention and treatment are pressing needs, research into which has been catalysed by technological advances that are enabling a mechanistic understanding of food allergy at the cellular and molecular levels. We discuss the diagnosis and treatment of IgE-mediated food allergy in the context of the immune mechanisms associated with healthy tolerance to common foods, the inflammatory response underlying most food allergies, and immunotherapy-induced desensitization. We highlight promising research advances, therapeutic innovations and the challenges that remain. PMID:27795547

  8. [Diagnosis and therapy of gigantism].

    PubMed

    Sorgo, W; Teller, W M

    1987-01-01

    Some of the most important types of nonfamilial tall stature are discussed by stressing the clinical features, diagnostic aspects and therapeutic possibilities. The indications of treatment, the diagnostic procedures and steroid therapy of the familial type of tall stature, the predominant variant of tall stature, are presented in detail. The effects, side effects and contraindications of high dose steroid treatment are described. The important prerequisite for the evaluation of psychosomatic problems of tall stature is the understanding of the dynamics and variations of normal growth. This and the knowledge of methods concerning growth analyses continue to be the basis of an accurate diagnosis.

  9. Prosthetic mitral valve obstruction: role of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Kannan, Arun; Jahan, Kahroba; Lotun, Kapildeo; Janardhanan, Rajesh

    2015-09-21

    Acute prosthetic valve thrombosis is a potentially serious complication with an incidence as high as 6% per patient-year for prostheses in the mitral position. Accurate diagnosis of the degree of obstruction and differentiation of pannus versus thrombus is critical in determination of the best mode of therapy. We discuss a case of a patient with multiple comorbidities who presented with mechanical mitral valve obstruction where both transthoracic and two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were limited in making an accurate diagnosis regarding the mechanism of obstruction. Real-time 3D-TEE (RT-3DTEE) was critical in identifying a partial thrombus on the mechanical valve and guided the choice of thrombolysis as the most appropriate intervention, thus avoiding high-risk surgery in this patient with significant multiple comorbidities. 2015 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

  10. Prosthetic mitral valve obstruction: role of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in diagnosis

    PubMed Central

    Kannan, Arun; Jahan, Kahroba; Lotun, Kapildeo; Janardhanan, Rajesh

    2015-01-01

    Acute prosthetic valve thrombosis is a potentially serious complication with an incidence as high as 6% per patient-year for prostheses in the mitral position. Accurate diagnosis of the degree of obstruction and differentiation of pannus versus thrombus is critical in determination of the best mode of therapy. We discuss a case of a patient with multiple comorbidities who presented with mechanical mitral valve obstruction where both transthoracic and two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were limited in making an accurate diagnosis regarding the mechanism of obstruction. Real-time 3D-TEE (RT-3DTEE) was critical in identifying a partial thrombus on the mechanical valve and guided the choice of thrombolysis as the most appropriate intervention, thus avoiding high-risk surgery in this patient with significant multiple comorbidities. PMID:26392458

  11. Genetic diagnosis of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification in Rwandan patients.

    PubMed

    Uwineza, Annette; Hitayezu, Janvier; Murorunkwere, Seraphine; Ndinkabandi, Janvier; Kalala Malu, Celestin Kaputu; Caberg, Jean Hubert; Dideberg, Vinciane; Bours, Vincent; Mutesa, Leon

    2014-04-01

    Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies are the most common clinical forms of muscular dystrophies. They are genetically X-linked diseases caused by a mutation in the dystrophin (DMD) gene. A genetic diagnosis was carried out in six Rwandan patients presenting a phenotype of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies and six asymptomatic female carrier relatives using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Our results revealed deletion of the exons 48-51 in one patient, an inherited deletion of the exons 8-21 in two brothers and a de novo deletion of the exons 46-50 in the fourth patient. No copy number variation was found in two patients. Only one female carrier presented exon deletion in the DMD gene. This is the first cohort of genetic analysis in Rwandan patients affected by Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. This report confirmed that MLPA assay can be easily implemented in low-income countries.

  12. Iron Overload and Chelation Therapy in Non-Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia

    PubMed Central

    Bou-Fakhredin, Rayan; Bazarbachi, Abdul-Hamid; Chaya, Bachar; Sleiman, Joseph; Cappellini, Maria Domenica; Taher, Ali T.

    2017-01-01

    Iron overload (IOL) due to increased intestinal iron absorption constitutes a major clinical problem in patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT), which is a cumulative process with advancing age. Current models for iron metabolism in patients with NTDT suggest that suppression of serum hepcidin leads to an increase in iron absorption and subsequent release of iron from the reticuloendothelial system, leading to depletion of macrophage iron, relatively low levels of serum ferritin, and liver iron loading. The consequences of IOL in patients with NTDT are multiple and multifactorial. Accurate and reliable methods of diagnosis and monitoring of body iron levels are essential, and the method of choice for measuring iron accumulation will depend on the patient’s needs and on the available facilities. Iron chelation therapy (ICT) remains the backbone of NTDT management and is one of the most effective and practical ways of decreasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanism of IOL in NTDT, and the clinical complications that can develop as a result, in addition to the current and future therapeutic options available for the management of IOL in NTDT. PMID:29261151

  13. Iron Overload and Chelation Therapy in Non-Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia.

    PubMed

    Bou-Fakhredin, Rayan; Bazarbachi, Abdul-Hamid; Chaya, Bachar; Sleiman, Joseph; Cappellini, Maria Domenica; Taher, Ali T

    2017-12-20

    Iron overload (IOL) due to increased intestinal iron absorption constitutes a major clinical problem in patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT), which is a cumulative process with advancing age. Current models for iron metabolism in patients with NTDT suggest that suppression of serum hepcidin leads to an increase in iron absorption and subsequent release of iron from the reticuloendothelial system, leading to depletion of macrophage iron, relatively low levels of serum ferritin, and liver iron loading. The consequences of IOL in patients with NTDT are multiple and multifactorial. Accurate and reliable methods of diagnosis and monitoring of body iron levels are essential, and the method of choice for measuring iron accumulation will depend on the patient's needs and on the available facilities. Iron chelation therapy (ICT) remains the backbone of NTDT management and is one of the most effective and practical ways of decreasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanism of IOL in NTDT, and the clinical complications that can develop as a result, in addition to the current and future therapeutic options available for the management of IOL in NTDT.

  14. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii.

    PubMed

    Liu, Quan; Wang, Ze-Dong; Huang, Si-Yang; Zhu, Xing-Quan

    2015-05-28

    Toxoplasmosis, caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, is an important zoonosis with medical and veterinary importance worldwide. The disease is mainly contracted by ingesting undercooked or raw meat containing viable tissue cysts, or by ingesting food or water contaminated with oocysts. The diagnosis and genetic characterization of T. gondii infection is crucial for the surveillance, prevention and control of toxoplasmosis. Traditional approaches for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis include etiological, immunological and imaging techniques. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis has been improved by the emergence of molecular technologies to amplify parasite nucleic acids. Among these, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular techniques have been useful for the genetic characterization of T. gondii. Serotyping methods based on polymorphic polypeptides have the potential to become the choice for typing T. gondii in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize conventional non-DNA-based diagnostic methods, and the DNA-based molecular techniques for the diagnosis and genetic characterization of T. gondii. These techniques have provided foundations for further development of more effective and accurate detection of T. gondii infection. These advances will contribute to an improved understanding of the epidemiology, prevention and control of toxoplasmosis.

  15. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis using a synthetic glycosylphosphatidylinositol glycan.

    PubMed

    Götze, Sebastian; Azzouz, Nahid; Tsai, Yu-Hsuan; Groß, Uwe; Reinhardt, Anika; Anish, Chakkumkal; Seeberger, Peter H; Varón Silva, Daniel

    2014-12-08

    Around 2 billion people worldwide are infected with the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii which induces a variety of medical conditions. For example, primary infection during pregnancy can result in fetal death or mental retardation of the child. Diagnosis of acute infections in pregnant women is challenging but crucially important as the drugs used to treat T. gondii infections are potentially harmful to the unborn child. Better, faster, more reliable, and cheaper means of diagnosis by using defined antigens for accurate serological tests are highly desirable. Synthetic pathogen-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycan antigens are diagnostic markers and have been used to distinguish between toxoplasmosis disease states using human sera. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  16. Medical microbiology: laboratory diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease.

    PubMed

    Werno, Anja M; Murdoch, David R

    2008-03-15

    The laboratory diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) continues to rely on culture-based methods that have been used for many decades. The most significant recent developments have occurred with antigen detection assays, whereas the role of nucleic acid amplification tests has yet to be fully clarified. Despite developments in laboratory diagnostics, a microbiological diagnosis is still not made in most cases of IPD, particularly for pneumococcal pneumonia. The limitations of existing diagnostic tests impact the ability to obtain accurate IPD burden data and to assess the effectiveness of control measures, such as vaccination, in addition to the ability to diagnose IPD in individual patients. There is an urgent need for improved diagnostic tests for pneumococcal disease--especially tests that are suitable for use in underresourced countries.

  17. Traditional and Modern Cell Culture in Virus Diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Hematian, Ali; Sadeghifard, Nourkhoda; Mohebi, Reza; Taherikalani, Morovat; Nasrolahi, Abbas; Amraei, Mansour; Ghafourian, Sobhan

    2016-04-01

    Cell cultures are developed from tissue samples and then disaggregated by mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic methods to extract cells suitable for isolation of viruses. With the recent advances in technology, cell culture is considered a gold standard for virus isolation. This paper reviews the evolution of cell culture methods and demonstrates why cell culture is a preferred method for identification of viruses. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of both traditional and modern cell culture methods for diagnosis of each type of virus are discussed. Detection of viruses by the novel cell culture methods is considered more accurate and sensitive. However, there is a need to include some more accurate methods such as molecular methods in cell culture for precise identification of viruses.

  18. Clues in Histopathological Diagnosis of Panniculitis.

    PubMed

    Llamas Velasco, Mar; Pérez-Gónzalez, Yosmar Carolina; Kempf, Werner; Paredes, Bruno Emilio; Cerroni, Lorenzo; Fernández Figueras, María Teresa

    2018-03-01

    Panniculitides comprise a group of heterogeneous inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, histopathological study along with clinicopathological correlation usually led to a specific diagnosis. In most textbooks, the first step in the diagnosis is to classify them as mostly septal or lobular depending on where the inflammatory infiltrate is located. The second step is deciding if vasculitis is present or not. Finally, the third step is further characterizing the inflammatory infiltrate. However, in addition to the algorithmic approach to panniculitis diagnosis, some subtle changes may help to the diagnosis. To review some clues in panniculitis dermatopathological diagnosis such as presence of granulation tissue, sclerotic connective tissue septa, small granulomas arranged around a central clear space, so-called ghost adipocytes, needle-shaped crystals, small lobules with a proliferation of capillaries, Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon, refractile microspheres, neutrophilic infiltrates, granulomas and fibroplasia or presence of adipose tissue in dermis. We have compiled 12 clues based in our personal experience in this field. Specificity and sensibility of every clue may vary and these clues are a guide to correct diagnoses that should rely in clinicopathological correlation. Knowledge of these 12 clues will help to increase the diagnostic accuracy in panniculitis diagnosis.

  19. Computational Intelligence in Early Diabetes Diagnosis: A Review

    PubMed Central

    Shankaracharya; Odedra, Devang; Samanta, Subir; Vidyarthi, Ambarish S.

    2010-01-01

    The development of an effective diabetes diagnosis system by taking advantage of computational intelligence is regarded as a primary goal nowadays. Many approaches based on artificial network and machine learning algorithms have been developed and tested against diabetes datasets, which were mostly related to individuals of Pima Indian origin. Yet, despite high accuracies of up to 99% in predicting the correct diabetes diagnosis, none of these approaches have reached clinical application so far. One reason for this failure may be that diabetologists or clinical investigators are sparsely informed about, or trained in the use of, computational diagnosis tools. Therefore, this article aims at sketching out an outline of the wide range of options, recent developments, and potentials in machine learning algorithms as diabetes diagnosis tools. One focus is on supervised and unsupervised methods, which have made significant impacts in the detection and diagnosis of diabetes at primary and advanced stages. Particular attention is paid to algorithms that show promise in improving diabetes diagnosis. A key advance has been the development of a more in-depth understanding and theoretical analysis of critical issues related to algorithmic construction and learning theory. These include trade-offs for maximizing generalization performance, use of physically realistic constraints, and incorporation of prior knowledge and uncertainty. The review presents and explains the most accurate algorithms, and discusses advantages and pitfalls of methodologies. This should provide a good resource for researchers from all backgrounds interested in computational intelligence-based diabetes diagnosis methods, and allows them to extend their knowledge into this kind of research. PMID:21713313

  20. Computational intelligence in early diabetes diagnosis: a review.

    PubMed

    Shankaracharya; Odedra, Devang; Samanta, Subir; Vidyarthi, Ambarish S

    2010-01-01

    The development of an effective diabetes diagnosis system by taking advantage of computational intelligence is regarded as a primary goal nowadays. Many approaches based on artificial network and machine learning algorithms have been developed and tested against diabetes datasets, which were mostly related to individuals of Pima Indian origin. Yet, despite high accuracies of up to 99% in predicting the correct diabetes diagnosis, none of these approaches have reached clinical application so far. One reason for this failure may be that diabetologists or clinical investigators are sparsely informed about, or trained in the use of, computational diagnosis tools. Therefore, this article aims at sketching out an outline of the wide range of options, recent developments, and potentials in machine learning algorithms as diabetes diagnosis tools. One focus is on supervised and unsupervised methods, which have made significant impacts in the detection and diagnosis of diabetes at primary and advanced stages. Particular attention is paid to algorithms that show promise in improving diabetes diagnosis. A key advance has been the development of a more in-depth understanding and theoretical analysis of critical issues related to algorithmic construction and learning theory. These include trade-offs for maximizing generalization performance, use of physically realistic constraints, and incorporation of prior knowledge and uncertainty. The review presents and explains the most accurate algorithms, and discusses advantages and pitfalls of methodologies. This should provide a good resource for researchers from all backgrounds interested in computational intelligence-based diabetes diagnosis methods, and allows them to extend their knowledge into this kind of research.

  1. If You Listen, the Patient Will Tell You the Diagnosis

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Holmes, Frederick

    2007-01-01

    Since the time of Hippocrates, professors in medical schools have been telling their students to listen to patients. Medical students and young doctors all come to realize that the medical history, the patient's account of his or her own illness, is the best source of information with which to make an accurate diagnosis. The physical examination,…

  2. Generalized Categorial Grammar for Unbounded Dependencies Recovery

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nguyen, Luan Viet

    2014-01-01

    Accurate recovery of predicate-argument dependencies is vital for interpretation tasks like information extraction and question answering, and unbounded dependencies may account for a significant portion of the dependencies in any given text. This thesis describes a Generalized Categorial Grammar (GCG) which, like other categorial grammars,…

  3. Evaluation of phosphatidylserine-dependent antiprothrombin antibody testing for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome: results of an international multicentre study.

    PubMed

    Amengual, O; Forastiero, R; Sugiura-Ogasawara, M; Otomo, K; Oku, K; Favas, C; Delgado Alves, J; Žigon, P; Ambrožič, A; Tomšič, M; Ruiz-Arruza, I; Ruiz-Irastorza, G; Bertolaccini, M L; Norman, G L; Shums, Z; Arai, J; Murashima, A; Tebo, A E; Gerosa, M; Meroni, P L; Rodriguez-Pintó, I; Cervera, R; Swadzba, J; Musial, J; Atsumi, T

    2017-03-01

    Objective A task force of scientists at the International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies recognized that phosphatidylserine-dependent antiprothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) might contribute to a better identification of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Accordingly, initial and replication retrospective, cross-sectional multicentre studies were conducted to ascertain the value of aPS/PT for APS diagnosis. Methods In the initial study (eight centres, seven countries), clinical/laboratory data were retrospectively collected. Serum/plasma samples were tested for IgG aPS/PT at Inova Diagnostics (Inova) using two ELISA kits. A replication study (five centres, five countries) was carried out afterwards. Results In the initial study ( n = 247), a moderate agreement between the IgG aPS/PT Inova and MBL ELISA kits was observed ( k = 0.598). IgG aPS/PT were more prevalent in APS patients (51%) than in those without (9%), OR 10.8, 95% CI (4.0-29.3), p < 0.0001. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (LR+) and negative (LR-) likelihood ratio of IgG aPS/PT for APS diagnosis were 51%, 91%, 5.9 and 0.5, respectively. In the replication study ( n = 214), a moderate/substantial agreement between the IgG aPS/PT results obtained with both ELISA kits was observed ( k = 0.630). IgG aPS/PT were more prevalent in APS patients (47%) than in those without (12%), OR 6.4, 95% CI (2.6-16), p < 0.0001. Sensitivity, specificity, LR + and LR- for APS diagnosis were 47%, 88%, 3.9 and 0.6, respectively. Conclusions IgG aPS/PT detection is an easily performed laboratory parameter that might contribute to a better and more complete identification of patients with APS.

  4. Determining accurate distances to nearby galaxies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bonanos, Alceste Zoe

    2005-11-01

    Determining accurate distances to nearby or distant galaxies is a very simple conceptually, yet complicated in practice, task. Presently, distances to nearby galaxies are only known to an accuracy of 10-15%. The current anchor galaxy of the extragalactic distance scale is the Large Magellanic Cloud, which has large (10-15%) systematic uncertainties associated with it, because of its morphology, its non-uniform reddening and the unknown metallicity dependence of the Cepheid period-luminosity relation. This work aims to determine accurate distances to some nearby galaxies, and subsequently help reduce the error in the extragalactic distance scale and the Hubble constant H 0 . In particular, this work presents the first distance determination of the DIRECT Project to M33 with detached eclipsing binaries. DIRECT aims to obtain a new anchor galaxy for the extragalactic distance scale by measuring direct, accurate (to 5%) distances to two Local Group galaxies, M31 and M33, with detached eclipsing binaries. It involves a massive variability survey of these galaxies and subsequent photometric and spectroscopic follow-up of the detached binaries discovered. In this work, I also present a catalog of variable stars discovered in one of the DIRECT fields, M31Y, which includes 41 eclipsing binaries. Additionally, we derive the distance to the Draco Dwarf Spheroidal galaxy, with ~100 RR Lyrae found in our first CCD variability study of this galaxy. A "hybrid" method of discovering Cepheids with ground-based telescopes is described next. It involves applying the image subtraction technique on the images obtained from ground-based telescopes and then following them up with the Hubble Space Telescope to derive Cepheid period-luminosity distances. By re-analyzing ESO Very Large Telescope data on M83 (NGC 5236), we demonstrate that this method is much more powerful for detecting variability, especially in crowded fields. I finally present photometry for the Wolf-Rayet binary WR 20a

  5. The Development of a General Auxiliary Diagnosis System for Common Disease of Animal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xiao, Jianhua; Wang, Hongbin; Zhang, Ru; Luan, Peixian; Li, Lin; Xu, Danning

    In order to development one expert system for animal disease in china, and this expert system can help veterinary surgeon diagnose all kinds of disease of animal. The design of an intelligent medical system for diagnosis of animal diseases is presented in this paper. The system comprises three major parts: a disease case management system (DCMS), a Knowledge management system (KMS) and an Expert System (ES). The DCMS is used to manipulate patient data include all kinds of data about the animal and the symptom, diagnosis result etc. The KMS is used to acquire knowledge from disease cases and manipulate knowledge by human. The ES is used to perform diagnosis. The program is designed in N-layers system; they are data layer, security layer, business layer, appearance layer, and user interface. When diagnosis, user can select some symptoms in system group by system. One conclusion with three possibilities (final diagnosis result, suspect diagnosis result, and no diagnosis result) is output. By diagnosis some times, one most possible result can be get. By application, this system can increased the accurate of diagnosis to some extent, but the statistics result was not compute now.

  6. Comparison of CT and MRI in diagnosis of cerebrospinal leak induced by multiple fractures of skull base

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Xuhui; Xu, Minhui; Liang, Hong; Xu, Lunshan

    2011-01-01

    Background Multiple basilar skull fracture and cerebrospinal leak are common complications of traumatic brain injury, which required a surgical repair. But due to the complexity of basilar skull fracture after severe trauma, preoperatively an exact radiological location is always difficult. Multi-row spiral CT and MRI are currently widely applied in the clinical diagnosis. The present study was performed to compare the accuracy of cisternography by multi-row spiral CT and MRI in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal leak. Methods A total of 23 patients with multiple basilar skull fracture after traumatic brain injury were included. The radiological and surgical data were retrospectively analyzed. 64-row CT (mm/row) scan and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed in 12 patients, while MR plain scan and cisternography were performed in another 11 patients. The location of cerebrospinal leak was diagnosed by 2 experienced physicians majoring neurological radiology. Surgery was performed in all patients. The cerebrospinal leak location was confirmed and repaired during surgery. The result was considered as accurate when cerebrospinal leak was absent after surgery. Results According to the surgical exploration, the preoperative diagnosis of the active cerebrospinal leak location was accurate in 9 out of 12 patients with CT scan. The location could not be confirmed by CT because of multiple fractures in 2 patients and the missed diagnosis occurred in 1 patient. The preoperative diagnosis was accurate in 10 out of 11 patients with MRI examination. Conclusions MRI cisternography is more advanced than multi-row CT scan in multiple basilar skull fracture. The combination of the two examinations may increase the diagnostic ratio of active cerebrospinal leak. PMID:22933941

  7. Accurate computation of survival statistics in genome-wide studies.

    PubMed

    Vandin, Fabio; Papoutsaki, Alexandra; Raphael, Benjamin J; Upfal, Eli

    2015-05-01

    A key challenge in genomics is to identify genetic variants that distinguish patients with different survival time following diagnosis or treatment. While the log-rank test is widely used for this purpose, nearly all implementations of the log-rank test rely on an asymptotic approximation that is not appropriate in many genomics applications. This is because: the two populations determined by a genetic variant may have very different sizes; and the evaluation of many possible variants demands highly accurate computation of very small p-values. We demonstrate this problem for cancer genomics data where the standard log-rank test leads to many false positive associations between somatic mutations and survival time. We develop and analyze a novel algorithm, Exact Log-rank Test (ExaLT), that accurately computes the p-value of the log-rank statistic under an exact distribution that is appropriate for any size populations. We demonstrate the advantages of ExaLT on data from published cancer genomics studies, finding significant differences from the reported p-values. We analyze somatic mutations in six cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), finding mutations with known association to survival as well as several novel associations. In contrast, standard implementations of the log-rank test report dozens-hundreds of likely false positive associations as more significant than these known associations.

  8. Accurate Computation of Survival Statistics in Genome-Wide Studies

    PubMed Central

    Vandin, Fabio; Papoutsaki, Alexandra; Raphael, Benjamin J.; Upfal, Eli

    2015-01-01

    A key challenge in genomics is to identify genetic variants that distinguish patients with different survival time following diagnosis or treatment. While the log-rank test is widely used for this purpose, nearly all implementations of the log-rank test rely on an asymptotic approximation that is not appropriate in many genomics applications. This is because: the two populations determined by a genetic variant may have very different sizes; and the evaluation of many possible variants demands highly accurate computation of very small p-values. We demonstrate this problem for cancer genomics data where the standard log-rank test leads to many false positive associations between somatic mutations and survival time. We develop and analyze a novel algorithm, Exact Log-rank Test (ExaLT), that accurately computes the p-value of the log-rank statistic under an exact distribution that is appropriate for any size populations. We demonstrate the advantages of ExaLT on data from published cancer genomics studies, finding significant differences from the reported p-values. We analyze somatic mutations in six cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), finding mutations with known association to survival as well as several novel associations. In contrast, standard implementations of the log-rank test report dozens-hundreds of likely false positive associations as more significant than these known associations. PMID:25950620

  9. CoDE-seq, an augmented whole-exome sequencing, enables the accurate detection of CNVs and mutations in Mendelian obesity and intellectual disability.

    PubMed

    Montagne, Louise; Derhourhi, Mehdi; Piton, Amélie; Toussaint, Bénédicte; Durand, Emmanuelle; Vaillant, Emmanuel; Thuillier, Dorothée; Gaget, Stefan; De Graeve, Franck; Rabearivelo, Iandry; Lansiaux, Amélie; Lenne, Bruno; Sukno, Sylvie; Desailloud, Rachel; Cnop, Miriam; Nicolescu, Ramona; Cohen, Lior; Zagury, Jean-François; Amouyal, Mélanie; Weill, Jacques; Muller, Jean; Sand, Olivier; Delobel, Bruno; Froguel, Philippe; Bonnefond, Amélie

    2018-05-16

    The molecular diagnosis of extreme forms of obesity, in which accurate detection of both copy number variations (CNVs) and point mutations, is crucial for an optimal care of the patients and genetic counseling for their families. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has benefited considerably this molecular diagnosis, but its poor ability to detect CNVs remains a major limitation. We aimed to develop a method (CoDE-seq) enabling the accurate detection of both CNVs and point mutations in one step. CoDE-seq is based on an augmented WES method, using probes distributed uniformly throughout the genome. CoDE-seq was validated in 40 patients for whom chromosomal DNA microarray was available. CNVs and mutations were assessed in 82 children/young adults with suspected Mendelian obesity and/or intellectual disability and in their parents when available (n total  = 145). CoDE-seq not only detected all of the 97 CNVs identified by chromosomal DNA microarrays but also found 84 additional CNVs, due to a better resolution. When compared to CoDE-seq and chromosomal DNA microarrays, WES failed to detect 37% and 14% of CNVs, respectively. In the 82 patients, a likely molecular diagnosis was achieved in >30% of the patients. Half of the genetic diagnoses were explained by CNVs while the other half by mutations. CoDE-seq has proven cost-efficient and highly effective as it avoids the sequential genetic screening approaches currently used in clinical practice for the accurate detection of CNVs and point mutations. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.

  10. An Efficient Model-based Diagnosis Engine for Hybrid Systems Using Structural Model Decomposition

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bregon, Anibal; Narasimhan, Sriram; Roychoudhury, Indranil; Daigle, Matthew; Pulido, Belarmino

    2013-01-01

    Complex hybrid systems are present in a large range of engineering applications, like mechanical systems, electrical circuits, or embedded computation systems. The behavior of these systems is made up of continuous and discrete event dynamics that increase the difficulties for accurate and timely online fault diagnosis. The Hybrid Diagnosis Engine (HyDE) offers flexibility to the diagnosis application designer to choose the modeling paradigm and the reasoning algorithms. The HyDE architecture supports the use of multiple modeling paradigms at the component and system level. However, HyDE faces some problems regarding performance in terms of complexity and time. Our focus in this paper is on developing efficient model-based methodologies for online fault diagnosis in complex hybrid systems. To do this, we propose a diagnosis framework where structural model decomposition is integrated within the HyDE diagnosis framework to reduce the computational complexity associated with the fault diagnosis of hybrid systems. As a case study, we apply our approach to a diagnostic testbed, the Advanced Diagnostics and Prognostics Testbed (ADAPT), using real data.

  11. Specific phobias in older adults: characteristics and differential diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Coelho, Carlos M; Gonçalves, Daniela C; Purkis, Helena; Pocinho, Margarida; Pachana, Nancy A; Byrne, Gerard J

    2010-08-01

    Differential diagnosis implies identifying shared and divergent characteristics between clinical states. Clinical work with older adults demands not only the knowledge of nosological features associated with differential diagnosis, but also recognition of idiosyncratic factors associated with this population. Several factors can interfere with an accurate diagnosis of specific phobia in older cohorts. The goal of this paper is to review criteria for specific phobia and its differential diagnosis with panic disorder, agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, while stressing the specific factors associated with aging. A literature search regarding specific phobia in older adults was carried out using PubMed. Relevant articles were selected and scanned for further pertinent references. In addition, relevant references related to differential diagnosis and assessment were used. Etiologic factors, specificity of feared stimulus or situation, fear predictability and the nature of phobic situations are key points to be assessed when implementing a differential diagnosis of specific phobia. First, age-related sensory impairments are common and interfere both with information processing and communication. Second, medical illnesses create symptoms that might cause, interfere with, or mimic anxiety. Third, cohort effects might result in underreporting, through the inability to communicate or recognize anxiety symptoms, misattributing them to physical conditions. Finally, diagnostic criteria and screening instruments were usually developed using younger samples and are therefore not adapted to the functional and behavioral characteristics of older samples.

  12. Diagnosis and Disengagement: Exploring the Disjuncture between SEN Policy and Practice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McKay, Jane; Neal, Jayne

    2009-01-01

    Special Educational Needs (SEN) policy and practice in England and Wales currently relies on an authoritative and accurate diagnosis of need by professionals working in partnership with parents and children. Our analysis suggests there is a "continuum of disengagement" for children and young people with SEN. This will be used as a…

  13. Does ultrasonography accurately diagnose acute cholecystitis? Improving diagnostic accuracy based on a review at a regional hospital

    PubMed Central

    Hwang, Hamish; Marsh, Ian; Doyle, Jason

    2014-01-01

    Background Acute cholecystitis is one of the most common diseases requiring emergency surgery. Ultrasonography is an accurate test for cholelithiasis but has a high false-negative rate for acute cholecystitis. The Murphy sign and laboratory tests performed independently are also not particularly accurate. This study was designed to review the accuracy of ultrasonography for diagnosing acute cholecystitis in a regional hospital. Methods We studied all emergency cholecystectomies performed over a 1-year period. All imaging studies were reviewed by a single radiologist, and all pathology was reviewed by a single pathologist. The reviewers were blinded to each other’s results. Results A total of 107 patients required an emergency cholecystectomy in the study period; 83 of them underwent ultrasonography. Interradiologist agreement was 92% for ultrasonography. For cholelithiasis, ultrasonography had 100% sensitivity, 18% specificity, 81% positive predictive value (PPV) and 100% negative predictive value (NPV). For acute cholecystitis, it had 54% sensitivity, 81% specificity, 85% PPV and 47% NPV. All patients had chronic cholecystitis and 67% had acute cholecystitis on histology. When combined with positive Murphy sign and elevated neutrophil count, an ultrasound showing cholelithiasis or acute cholecystitis yielded a sensitivity of 74%, specificity of 62%, PPV of 80% and NPV of 53% for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Conclusion Ultrasonography alone has a high rate of false-negative studies for acute cholecystitis. However, a higher rate of accurate diagnosis can be achieved using a triad of positive Murphy sign, elevated neutrophil count and an ultrasound showing cholelithiasis or cholecystitis. PMID:24869607

  14. Videodermoscopy compared to reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of scabies.

    PubMed

    Cinotti, E; Labeille, B; Cambazard, F; Biron, A C; Chol, C; Leclerq, A; Jaffelin, C; Perrot, J L

    2016-09-01

    Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dermoscopy have recently been suggested for non-invasive diagnosis of scabies. However, there are large studies on diagnostic accuracy for scabies only with dermoscopy at low (10×) and high (100-1000×) magnification. Our study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy, for the diagnosis of scabies, of RCM and videodermoscopy at intermediate (20× and 70×) magnification, which is usually found in commercially available videodermoscopes. Patients with a presumptive diagnosis of scabies were prospectively enrolled during 20 months and examined by RCM and videodermoscopy at intermediate magnification. The specificity of RCM was considered 100% because RCM can identify the anatomical details of the parasites. A total of 148 patients were enrolled. Videodermoscopy showed a higher sensitivity for scabies than RCM (95% vs. 92%) and a specificity of 97%. Videodermoscopy at intermediate magnification, and RCM are both highly accurate for the diagnosis of scabies. If the two devices are available, it would be better to perform videodermoscopy first, that is more sensitive, and then RCM to confirm the diagnosis. © 2016 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

  15. Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Bovines: Current Status and Future Directions

    PubMed Central

    Gupta, Meenakshi; Singh, Surender; Mohanty, Ashok K.; Singh, Inderjeet

    2013-01-01

    An early and accurate diagnosis of reproductive dysfunctions or aberrations is crucial to better reproductive management in livestock. High reproductive efficiency is a prerequisite for high life-time production in dairy animals. Early pregnancy diagnosis is key to shorten the calving interval through early identification of open animals and their timely treatment and rebreeding so as to maintain a postpartum barren interval close to 60 days. A buffalo, the most important dairy animal in the Indian subcontinent, is known for problems related to high calving interval, late puberty, and high incidence of anestrus. Lack of reliable cow-side early pregnancy diagnosis methods further aggravates the situation. Several methods of pregnancy diagnosis are being practiced in bovine species, yet none qualifies as the ideal pregnancy diagnosis method due to the inherent limitations of sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, speed, and ease of performing the test. The advancement of molecular techniques like proteomics and their applications in animal research has given a new hope to look for pregnancy biomarker molecules in these animals. This review attempts to examine common pregnancy diagnosis methods available for dairy animals, while assessing the usefulness of the modern technologies in detecting novel pregnancy markers and designing future strategies for research in this area. PMID:24382949

  16. Early pregnancy diagnosis in bovines: current status and future directions.

    PubMed

    Balhara, Ashok K; Gupta, Meenakshi; Singh, Surender; Mohanty, Ashok K; Singh, Inderjeet

    2013-01-01

    An early and accurate diagnosis of reproductive dysfunctions or aberrations is crucial to better reproductive management in livestock. High reproductive efficiency is a prerequisite for high life-time production in dairy animals. Early pregnancy diagnosis is key to shorten the calving interval through early identification of open animals and their timely treatment and rebreeding so as to maintain a postpartum barren interval close to 60 days. A buffalo, the most important dairy animal in the Indian subcontinent, is known for problems related to high calving interval, late puberty, and high incidence of anestrus. Lack of reliable cow-side early pregnancy diagnosis methods further aggravates the situation. Several methods of pregnancy diagnosis are being practiced in bovine species, yet none qualifies as the ideal pregnancy diagnosis method due to the inherent limitations of sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, speed, and ease of performing the test. The advancement of molecular techniques like proteomics and their applications in animal research has given a new hope to look for pregnancy biomarker molecules in these animals. This review attempts to examine common pregnancy diagnosis methods available for dairy animals, while assessing the usefulness of the modern technologies in detecting novel pregnancy markers and designing future strategies for research in this area.

  17. Accurate quantification of magnetic particle properties by intra-pair magnetophoresis for nanobiotechnology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    van Reenen, Alexander; Gao, Yang; Bos, Arjen H.; de Jong, Arthur M.; Hulsen, Martien A.; den Toonder, Jaap M. J.; Prins, Menno W. J.

    2013-07-01

    The application of magnetic particles in biomedical research and in-vitro diagnostics requires accurate characterization of their magnetic properties, with single-particle resolution and good statistics. Here, we report intra-pair magnetophoresis as a method to accurately quantify the field-dependent magnetic moments of magnetic particles and to rapidly generate histograms of the magnetic moments with good statistics. We demonstrate our method with particles of different sizes and from different sources, with a measurement precision of a few percent. We expect that intra-pair magnetophoresis will be a powerful tool for the characterization and improvement of particles for the upcoming field of particle-based nanobiotechnology.

  18. Accurate forced-choice recognition without awareness of memory retrieval.

    PubMed

    Voss, Joel L; Baym, Carol L; Paller, Ken A

    2008-06-01

    Recognition confidence and the explicit awareness of memory retrieval commonly accompany accurate responding in recognition tests. Memory performance in recognition tests is widely assumed to measure explicit memory, but the generality of this assumption is questionable. Indeed, whether recognition in nonhumans is always supported by explicit memory is highly controversial. Here we identified circumstances wherein highly accurate recognition was unaccompanied by hallmark features of explicit memory. When memory for kaleidoscopes was tested using a two-alternative forced-choice recognition test with similar foils, recognition was enhanced by an attentional manipulation at encoding known to degrade explicit memory. Moreover, explicit recognition was most accurate when the awareness of retrieval was absent. These dissociations between accuracy and phenomenological features of explicit memory are consistent with the notion that correct responding resulted from experience-dependent enhancements of perceptual fluency with specific stimuli--the putative mechanism for perceptual priming effects in implicit memory tests. This mechanism may contribute to recognition performance in a variety of frequently-employed testing circumstances. Our results thus argue for a novel view of recognition, in that analyses of its neurocognitive foundations must take into account the potential for both (1) recognition mechanisms allied with implicit memory and (2) recognition mechanisms allied with explicit memory.

  19. Improved multimodal biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment diagnosis: data from ADNI

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Martinez-Torteya, Antonio; Treviño-Alvarado, Víctor; Tamez-Peña, José

    2013-02-01

    The accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) confers many clinical research and patient care benefits. Studies have shown that multimodal biomarkers provide better diagnosis accuracy of AD and MCI than unimodal biomarkers, but their construction has been based on traditional statistical approaches. The objective of this work was the creation of accurate AD and MCI diagnostic multimodal biomarkers using advanced bioinformatics tools. The biomarkers were created by exploring multimodal combinations of features using machine learning techniques. Data was obtained from the ADNI database. The baseline information (e.g. MRI analyses, PET analyses and laboratory essays) from AD, MCI and healthy control (HC) subjects with available diagnosis up to June 2012 was mined for case/controls candidates. The data mining yielded 47 HC, 83 MCI and 43 AD subjects for biomarker creation. Each subject was characterized by at least 980 ADNI features. A genetic algorithm feature selection strategy was used to obtain compact and accurate cross-validated nearest centroid biomarkers. The biomarkers achieved training classification accuracies of 0.983, 0.871 and 0.917 for HC vs. AD, HC vs. MCI and MCI vs. AD respectively. The constructed biomarkers were relatively compact: from 5 to 11 features. Those multimodal biomarkers included several widely accepted univariate biomarkers and novel image and biochemical features. Multimodal biomarkers constructed from previously and non-previously AD associated features showed improved diagnostic performance when compared to those based solely on previously AD associated features.

  20. Point of Care Ultrasound Accurately Distinguishes Inflammatory from Noninflammatory Disease in Patients Presenting with Abdominal Pain and Diarrhea

    PubMed Central

    Novak, Kerri L.; Jacob, Deepti; Kaplan, Gilaad G.; Boyce, Emma; Ghosh, Subrata; Ma, Irene; Lu, Cathy; Wilson, Stephanie; Panaccione, Remo

    2016-01-01

    Background. Approaches to distinguish inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from noninflammatory disease that are noninvasive, accurate, and readily available are desirable. Such approaches may decrease time to diagnosis and better utilize limited endoscopic resources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy for gastroenterologist performed point of care ultrasound (POCUS) in the detection of luminal inflammation relative to gold standard ileocolonoscopy. Methods. A prospective, single-center study was conducted on convenience sample of patients presenting with symptoms of diarrhea and/or abdominal pain. Patients were offered POCUS prior to having ileocolonoscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), as well as likelihood ratios, were calculated. Results. Fifty-eight patients were included in this study. The overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 80%, 97.8%, 88.9%, and 95.7%, respectively, with positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR) of 36.8 and 0.20. Conclusion. POCUS can accurately be performed at the bedside to detect transmural inflammation of the intestine. This noninvasive approach may serve to expedite diagnosis, improve allocation of endoscopic resources, and facilitate initiation of appropriate medical therapy. PMID:27446838

  1. The use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of abdominal wall hernias.

    PubMed

    Young, J; Gilbert, A I; Graham, M F

    2007-08-01

    The diagnosis of abdominal wall hernias is not always straightforward and may require additional investigative modalities. Real-time ultrasound is accurate, non-invasive, relatively inexpensive, and readily available. The value of ultrasound as an adjunctive tool in the diagnosis of abdominal wall hernias in both pre-operative and post-operative patients was studied. Retrospective analysis of 200 patients treated at the Hernia Institute of Florida was carried out. In these cases, ultrasound had been used to assist with case management. Patients without previous hernia surgery and those with early and late post-herniorrhaphy complaints were studied. Patients with obvious hernias were excluded. Indications for ultrasound examination included patients with abdominal pain without a palpable hernia, a palpable mass of questionable etiology, and patients with inordinate pain or excessive swelling during the early post-operative period. Patients were treated with surgery or conservative therapy depending on the results of the physical examination and ultrasound studies. Cases in which the ultrasound findings influenced the decision-making process by confirming clinical findings or altering the diagnosis and changing the treatment plan are discussed. Of the 200 patients, 144 complained of pain alone and on physical exam no hernia or mass was palpable. Of these 144 patients with pain alone, 21 had a hernia identified on the US examination and were referred for surgery. The 108 that had a negative ultrasound were treated conservatively with rest, heat, and anti-inflammatory drugs, most often with excellent results. Of the 56 remaining patients who had a mass, with or without pain, 22 had hernias identified by means of ultrasound examination. In the other 34, the etiology of the mass was not a hernia. Abdominal wall ultrasound is a valuable tool in the scheme of management of patients in whom the diagnosis of abdominal wall hernia is unclear. Therapeutic decisions can be

  2. Cost-effectiveness and accuracy of the tests used in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.

    PubMed

    Puig, J; Wägner, A; Caballero, A; Rodríguez-Espinosa, J; Webb, S M

    1999-01-01

    Establish the minimal biochemical and radiological examinations necessary and their cost-effectiveness to accurately diagnose the etiology of Cushing's syndrome (CS). In 71 patients with CS followed between 1982 and 1997 biochemical studies (basal ACTH, 8 mg dexamethasone suppression test-HDST-, metyrapone stimulation test-MST-, or inferior petrosal sinus catheterization-IPSC-) and radiological investigations (abdominal CT scan, pituitary CT scan or MRI) were performed. Once pathology confirmed the diagnosis (48 pituitary Cushing's disease-CD, 17 adrenal neoplasms, 2 bilateral macronodular hyperplasia-BMH-, and 4 ectopic ACTH syndrome-ES-), the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the different studies was calculated to establish the most accurate and cost-effective diagnostic protocol. In ACTH-independent CS (ACTH < or = 9 pg/ml; normal 9 to 54) a unilateral tumor was identified on abdominal CT scanning in 17, and BMH in 1; the other BMH had detectable ACTH (43.2 pg/ml). In ACTH-dependent CS, ACTH was > 9 pg/ml and IPSC (performed in 22) correctly identified 20 patients with CD and differentiated them from 2 with an ES (100% specificity and sensitivity). Pituitary MRI or CT did not disclose an adenoma in 41.7% of patients with CD, and was reported to exhibit a microadenoma in 2 of the 4 patients with ES. HDST and MST were of no additional use in the differentiation between CD and ES. Once CS is diagnosed low ACTH and an abdominal CT scan correctly identified all patients of adrenal origin. In ACTH-dependent CS IPSC was the best predictive test to differentiate CD from ES. BMH may behave as ACTH-dependent or independent. The other biochemical and radiological studies performed are not cost-effective and may even be misleading, and should not be routinely performed.

  3. Video-assisted laparoscopy for the detection and diagnosis of endometriosis: safety, reliability, and invasiveness

    PubMed Central

    Schipper, Erica; Nezhat, Camran

    2012-01-01

    Endometriosis is a highly enigmatic disease with multiple presentations ranging from infertility to severe pain, often causing significant morbidity. Video-assisted laparoscopy (VALS) has now replaced laparotomy as the gold standard for the diagnosis and management of endometriosis. While imaging has a role in the evaluation of some patients, histologic examination is needed for a definitive diagnosis. Laboratory evaluation currently has a minor role in the diagnosis of endometriosis, although studies are underway investigating serum markers, genetic studies, and endometrial sampling. A high index of suspicion is essential to accurately diagnose this complex condition, and a multidisciplinary approach is often indicated. The following review discusses laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis from the pre-operative evaluation of patients suspected of having endometriosis to surgical technique for safe and adequate laparoscopic diagnosis of the condition and postsurgical care. PMID:22927769

  4. Risk of complications in coeliac patients depends on age at diagnosis and type of clinical presentation.

    PubMed

    Biagi, Federico; Schiepatti, Annalisa; Maiorano, Gregorio; Fraternale, Giacomo; Agazzi, Simona; Zingone, Fabiana; Ciacci, Carolina; Volta, Umberto; Caio, Giacomo; Tortora, Raffaella; Klersy, Catherine; Corazza, Gino R

    2018-06-01

    Coeliac disease is characterised by an increased mortality mostly due to its complications. To study the risk of developing complications according to clinical presentation and age at diagnosis, a combined retrospective-prospective longitudinal study was performed in three Italian centres. Incidence of complications and mortality rates were calculated using type and age at diagnosis of coeliac disease, sex, and centre of diagnosis as predictors. Patients referred after being found to suffer from coeliac disease elsewhere were excluded. Between 01/1999 and 06/2015, 2225 adult coeliac patients were directly diagnosed in our centres. 17 of them developed a complication and 29 died. In patients older than 60 years at diagnosis of coeliac disease, the risk of complication is 18 times higher than in patients diagnosed at 18-40 years and 9 times higher than in patients diagnosed at 40-60 years. Classical presentation increases the risk of complications by 7 times compared to non-classical presentation; in asymptomatic patients the risk of complication is virtually absent. The risk of developing complications in coeliac patients is linked to age at diagnosis of coeliac disease and type of clinical presentation. Follow-up methods of coeliac patients should be tailored according to these parameters. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  5. First International External Quality Assessment Study on Molecular and Serological Methods for Yellow Fever Diagnosis

    PubMed Central

    Domingo, Cristina; Escadafal, Camille; Rumer, Leonid; Méndez, Jairo A.; García, Paquita; Sall, Amadou A.; Teichmann, Anette; Donoso-Mantke, Oliver; Niedrig, Matthias

    2012-01-01

    Objective We describe an external quality assurance (EQA) study designed to assess the efficiency and accurateness of molecular and serological methods used by expert laboratories performing YF diagnosis. Study Design For molecular diagnosis evaluation, a panel was prepared of 14 human plasma samples containing specific RNA of different YFV strains (YFV-17D, YFV South American strain [Brazil], YFV IvoryC1999 strain), and specificity samples containing other flaviviruses and negative controls. For the serological panel, 13 human plasma samples with anti-YFV-specific antibodies against different strains of YFV (YFV-17D strain, YFV IvoryC1999 strain, and YFV Brazilian strain), as well as specificity and negative controls, were included. Results Thirty-six laboratories from Europe, the Americas, Middle East, and Africa participated in these EQA activities. Only 16% of the analyses reported met all evaluation criteria with optimal performance. Serial dilutions of YFV-17D showed that in general the methodologies reported provided a suitable sensitivity. Failures were mainly due to the inability to detect wild-type strains or the presence of false positives. Performance in the serological diagnosis varied, mainly depending on the methodology used. Anti-YFV IgM detection was not performed in 16% of the reports using IIF or ELISA techniques, although it is preferable for the diagnosis of YFV acute infections. A good sensitivity profile was achieved in general; however, in the detection of IgM antibodies a lack of sensitivity of anti-YFV antibodies against the vaccine strain 17D was observed, and of the anti-YFV IgG antibodies against a West African strain. Neutralization assays showed a very good performance; however, the unexpected presence of false positives underlined the need of improving the running protocols. Conclusion This EQA provides information on each laboratory's efficacy of RT-PCR and serological YFV diagnosis techniques. The results indicate the need for

  6. First international external quality assessment study on molecular and serological methods for yellow fever diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Domingo, Cristina; Escadafal, Camille; Rumer, Leonid; Méndez, Jairo A; García, Paquita; Sall, Amadou A; Teichmann, Anette; Donoso-Mantke, Oliver; Niedrig, Matthias

    2012-01-01

    We describe an external quality assurance (EQA) study designed to assess the efficiency and accurateness of molecular and serological methods used by expert laboratories performing YF diagnosis. For molecular diagnosis evaluation, a panel was prepared of 14 human plasma samples containing specific RNA of different YFV strains (YFV-17D, YFV South American strain [Brazil], YFV IvoryC1999 strain), and specificity samples containing other flaviviruses and negative controls. For the serological panel, 13 human plasma samples with anti-YFV-specific antibodies against different strains of YFV (YFV-17D strain, YFV IvoryC1999 strain, and YFV Brazilian strain), as well as specificity and negative controls, were included. Thirty-six laboratories from Europe, the Americas, Middle East, and Africa participated in these EQA activities. Only 16% of the analyses reported met all evaluation criteria with optimal performance. Serial dilutions of YFV-17D showed that in general the methodologies reported provided a suitable sensitivity. Failures were mainly due to the inability to detect wild-type strains or the presence of false positives. Performance in the serological diagnosis varied, mainly depending on the methodology used. Anti-YFV IgM detection was not performed in 16% of the reports using IIF or ELISA techniques, although it is preferable for the diagnosis of YFV acute infections. A good sensitivity profile was achieved in general; however, in the detection of IgM antibodies a lack of sensitivity of anti-YFV antibodies against the vaccine strain 17D was observed, and of the anti-YFV IgG antibodies against a West African strain. Neutralization assays showed a very good performance; however, the unexpected presence of false positives underlined the need of improving the running protocols. This EQA provides information on each laboratory's efficacy of RT-PCR and serological YFV diagnosis techniques. The results indicate the need for improving serological and molecular diagnosis

  7. Development and practical application of a library of CID accurate mass spectra of more than 2,500 toxic compounds for systematic toxicological analysis by LC-QTOF-MS with data-dependent acquisition.

    PubMed

    Broecker, Sebastian; Herre, Sieglinde; Wüst, Bernhard; Zweigenbaum, Jerry; Pragst, Fritz

    2011-04-01

    A library of collision-induced dissociation (CID) accurate mass spectra has been developed for efficient use of liquid chromatography in combination with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) as a tool in systematic toxicological analysis. The mass spectra (Δm < 3 ppm) of more than 2,500 illegal and therapeutic drugs, pesticides, alkaloids, other toxic chemicals and metabolites were measured, by use of an Agilent 6530 instrument, by flow-injection of 1 ng of the pure substances in aqueous ammonium formate-formic acid-methanol, with positive and negative electrospray-ionization (ESI), selection of the protonated or deprotonated molecules [M+H](+) or [M-H](-) by the quadrupole, and collision induced dissociation (CID) with nitrogen as collision gas at CID energies of 10, 20, and 40 eV. The fragment mass spectra were controlled for structural plausibility, corrected by recalculation to the theoretical fragment masses and added to a database of accurate mass data and molecular formulas of more than 7,500 toxicologically relevant substances to form the "database and library of toxic compounds". For practical evaluation, blood and urine samples were spiked with a mixture of 33 drugs at seven concentrations between 0.5 and 500 ng mL(-1), prepared by dichloromethane extraction or protein precipitation, and analyzed by LC-QTOF-MS in data-dependent acquisition mode. Unambiguous identification by library search was possible for typical basic drugs down to 0.5-2 ng mL(-1) and for benzodiazepines down to 2-20 ng mL(-1). The efficiency of the method was also demonstrated by re-analysis of venous blood samples from 50 death cases and comparison with previous results. In conclusion, LC-QTOF-MS in data-dependent acquisition mode combined with an accurate mass database and CID spectra library seemed to be one of the most efficient tools for systematic toxicological analysis.

  8. A versatile phenomenological model for the S-shaped temperature dependence of photoluminescence energy for an accurate determination of the exciton localization energy in bulk and quantum well structures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dixit, V. K.; Porwal, S.; Singh, S. D.; Sharma, T. K.; Ghosh, Sandip; Oak, S. M.

    2014-02-01

    Temperature dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) peak energy of bulk and quantum well (QW) structures is studied by using a new phenomenological model for including the effect of localized states. In general an anomalous S-shaped temperature dependence of the PL peak energy is observed for many materials which is usually associated with the localization of excitons in band-tail states that are formed due to potential fluctuations. Under such conditions, the conventional models of Varshni, Viña and Passler fail to replicate the S-shaped temperature dependence of the PL peak energy and provide inconsistent and unrealistic values of the fitting parameters. The proposed formalism persuasively reproduces the S-shaped temperature dependence of the PL peak energy and provides an accurate determination of the exciton localization energy in bulk and QW structures along with the appropriate values of material parameters. An example of a strained InAs0.38P0.62/InP QW is presented by performing detailed temperature and excitation intensity dependent PL measurements and subsequent in-depth analysis using the proposed model. Versatility of the new formalism is tested on a few other semiconductor materials, e.g. GaN, nanotextured GaN, AlGaN and InGaN, which are known to have a significant contribution from the localized states. A quantitative evaluation of the fractional contribution of the localized states is essential for understanding the temperature dependence of the PL peak energy of bulk and QW well structures having a large contribution of the band-tail states.

  9. The Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Blastomycosis Using Case Vignettes: A Wisconsin Network for Health Research (WiNHR) Study

    PubMed Central

    Baumgardner, Dennis J.; Temte, Jonathan L.; Gutowski, Erin; Agger, William A.; Bailey, Howard; Burmester, James K.; Banerjee, Indrani

    2012-01-01

    Purpose Pulmonary blastomycosis is an uncommon but serious fungal infection endemic in Wisconsin. Clinician awareness of the protean presentations of this disease may reduce diagnostic delay. This study addressed the diagnostic accuracy of physicians responding to case vignettes of pulmonary blastomycosis and the primary care differential diagnosis of this disease. Methods Eight pulmonary blastomycosis cases were developed from case files. From these, 2 vignettes were randomly selected and mailed to primary care physicians in the Wisconsin Network for Health Research. Respondents were asked to list the 3 most likely diagnoses for each case. Results Respondents listed Blastomycosis as the most likely diagnosis for 37/227 (16%) case vignettes, and 1 of the 3 most likely diagnoses for 43/227 (19%). When vignettes included patient activity in counties with an annual incidence rate of blastomycosis greater than 2/100,000, compared to counties with lower incidence rates, diagnosis was more accurate (28/61 [46%] vs 15/166 [9%]; P < 0.001). Physicians with practice locations in counties with annual blastomycosis incidence rates >2/100,000 listed blastomycosis more commonly than physicians from other counties (16/36 [44%] vs 27/177 [15%]; P < 0.001). This difference in accurate diagnosis remained significant in a multivariate model of practice demographics. Based on responses to the vignettes, pneumonia, cancer, non-infectious pulmonary disease, and tuberculosis emerged as the most-frequently noted diagnosis in the differential diagnosis of blastomycosis. Conclusion Blastomycosis was not listed as 1 of 3 primary diagnoses in a majority of cases when Wisconsin primary care physicians considered case vignettes of actual pulmonary blastomycosis cases. Diagnosis was more accurate if the patient vignette listed exposure to a higher incidence county, or if the physician practiced in a higher incidence county. In Wisconsin, failure to include blastomycosis in the differential

  10. Accurate and scalable social recommendation using mixed-membership stochastic block models.

    PubMed

    Godoy-Lorite, Antonia; Guimerà, Roger; Moore, Cristopher; Sales-Pardo, Marta

    2016-12-13

    With increasing amounts of information available, modeling and predicting user preferences-for books or articles, for example-are becoming more important. We present a collaborative filtering model, with an associated scalable algorithm, that makes accurate predictions of users' ratings. Like previous approaches, we assume that there are groups of users and of items and that the rating a user gives an item is determined by their respective group memberships. However, we allow each user and each item to belong simultaneously to mixtures of different groups and, unlike many popular approaches such as matrix factorization, we do not assume that users in each group prefer a single group of items. In particular, we do not assume that ratings depend linearly on a measure of similarity, but allow probability distributions of ratings to depend freely on the user's and item's groups. The resulting overlapping groups and predicted ratings can be inferred with an expectation-maximization algorithm whose running time scales linearly with the number of observed ratings. Our approach enables us to predict user preferences in large datasets and is considerably more accurate than the current algorithms for such large datasets.

  11. Accurate and scalable social recommendation using mixed-membership stochastic block models

    PubMed Central

    Godoy-Lorite, Antonia; Moore, Cristopher

    2016-01-01

    With increasing amounts of information available, modeling and predicting user preferences—for books or articles, for example—are becoming more important. We present a collaborative filtering model, with an associated scalable algorithm, that makes accurate predictions of users’ ratings. Like previous approaches, we assume that there are groups of users and of items and that the rating a user gives an item is determined by their respective group memberships. However, we allow each user and each item to belong simultaneously to mixtures of different groups and, unlike many popular approaches such as matrix factorization, we do not assume that users in each group prefer a single group of items. In particular, we do not assume that ratings depend linearly on a measure of similarity, but allow probability distributions of ratings to depend freely on the user’s and item’s groups. The resulting overlapping groups and predicted ratings can be inferred with an expectation-maximization algorithm whose running time scales linearly with the number of observed ratings. Our approach enables us to predict user preferences in large datasets and is considerably more accurate than the current algorithms for such large datasets. PMID:27911773

  12. Sarcococca blight: Use of whole genome sequencing as a strategy for fungal disease diagnosis

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Early and accurate diagnosis of new plant pathogens is vital for the rapid implementation of effective mitigation strategies and appropriate regulatory responses. Most commonly, pathogen identification relies on morphology and DNA marker analysis. However, for new diseases, these approaches may not...

  13. Progress on the diagnosis and evaluation of brain tumors

    PubMed Central

    Gao, Huile

    2013-01-01

    Abstract Brain tumors are one of the most challenging disorders encountered, and early and accurate diagnosis is essential for the management and treatment of these tumors. In this article, diagnostic modalities including single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and optical imaging are reviewed. We mainly focus on the newly emerging, specific imaging probes, and their potential use in animal models and clinical settings. PMID:24334439

  14. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and the Elderly: Diagnosis and Management Considerations.

    PubMed

    Jo, Helen E; Randhawa, Sharan; Corte, Tamera J; Moodley, Yuben

    2016-05-01

    Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe and progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease, which ultimately results in respiratory failure and death. The median age at diagnosis is 66 years, and the incidence increases with age, making this a disease that predominantly affects the elderly population. IPF can often be difficult to diagnose, as its symptoms--cough, dyspnoea and fatigue--are non-specific and can often be attributed to co-morbidities such as heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Making an accurate diagnosis of IPF is imperative, as new treatments that appear to slow the progression of IPF have recently become available. Pirfenidone and nintedanib are two such treatments, which have shown efficacy in randomised controlled trials. As with all new treatments, caution must be advocated in the elderly, as these patients often lie outside the narrow clinical trial cohorts that are studied, and the benefits of therapy must be weighed against potential toxicities. Both medications, while relatively safe, have been associated with adverse effects, particularly gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhoea and anorexia. In this review, we highlight measures to improve recognition and accurate diagnosis of IPF, as well as co-morbidities that often affect the diagnosis and disease course. The gold standard for IPF diagnosis is a multidisciplinary meeting whereby clinicians, radiologists and histopathologists reach a consensus after interactive discussion. In many cases, a lung biopsy may not be available because of high risk or patient choice, particularly in the elderly. In these cases, there is debate as to whether a biopsy is required, given the high rates of IPF in patients over the age of 70 years with interstitial changes on computed tomography. We also discuss the management of IPF, drawing particular attention to specific issues affecting the elderly population, especially with regard to polypharmacy and end-of-life care

  15. [Value of liquid-based cytology of brushing specimens obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of lung cancer].

    PubMed

    Zhao, Huan; Guo, Huiqin; Zhang, Chuanxin; Zhao, Linlin; Cao, Jian; Pan, Qinjing

    2015-06-01

    To investigate the value of the liquid-based cytology (LBC) of brushing specimens obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy for clinical diagnosis of lung cancer. We retrospectively analyzed the LBC cases in our hospital from January 2011 to May 2012, and evaluate its role in the diagnosis of lung cancer. The clinical data of a total of 4 380 cases were reviewed and 3 763 of them had histopathological or clinical follow-up results (including 3 306 lung cancer cases and 457 benign lesion cases). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of LBC diagnosis for lung cancer were 72.4% (2 392/3 306), 99.3% (454/457) and 75.6% (2 846/3 763), respectively. Of the 1 992 lung cancer cases diagnosed by brushing LBC, 528 cases (26.5%) were failed to take forceps biopsy and 113 cases (5.7%) showed negative forceps biopsy results. The accurate rate of subtyping of LBC for non-small cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma was 99.0% (1 487/1 502) (P < 0.001). Take the resection histopathology as gold standard, the accurate rates of subtyping squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma by LBC were 95.6% (351/367), 95.6% (351/367) and 100% (367/367), respectively, (P < 0.001). The accurate rates of subtyping of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma by forceps biopsy were 97.0% (293/302), 97.4% (294/302) and 99.7% (301/302), respectively, (Kappa = 0.895, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in subtyping respectively between forceps biopsy and brushing LBC (P > 0.05). Fiberoptic bronchoscopic brushing liquid-based cytology can significantly improve the detection rate of lung cancer, and have a high specificity and accurate rate of subtyping. It is an effective tool for the diagnosis and subtyping of lung cancer.

  16. Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

    PubMed Central

    Sarmiento, José Mauricio Hernández; Restrepo, Natalia Builes; Mejía, Gloria Isabel; Zapata, Elsa; Restrepo, Mary Alejandra; Robledo, Jaime

    2014-01-01

    Introduction World Health Organization had estimated 9.4 million tuberculosis cases on 2009, with 1.7 million of deaths as consequence of treatment and diagnosis failures. Improving diagnostic methods for the rapid and timely detection of tuberculosis patients is critical to control the disease. The aim of this study was evaluating the accuracy of the cord factor detection on the solid medium Middlebrook 7H11 thin layer agar compared to the Lowenstein Jensen medium for the rapid tuberculosis diagnosis. Methods Patients with suspected tuberculosis were enrolled and their sputum samples were processed for direct smear and culture on Lowenstein Jensen and BACTEC MGIT 960, from which positive tubes were subcultured on Middlebrook 7H11 thin layer agar. Statistical analysis was performed comparing culture results from Lowenstein Jensen and the thin layer agar, and their corresponding average times for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The performance of cord factor detection was evaluated determining its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. Results 111 out of 260 patients were positive for M. tuberculosis by Lowenstein Jensen medium with an average time ± standard deviation for its detection of 22.3 ± 8.5 days. 115 patients were positive by the MGIT system identifying the cord factor by the Middlebrook 7H11 thin layer agar which average time ± standard deviation was 5.5 ± 2.6 days. Conclusion The cord factor detection by Middlebrook 7H11 thin layer agar allows early and accurate tuberculosis diagnosis during an average time of 5 days, making this rapid diagnosis particularly important in patients with negative sputum smear. PMID:25419279

  17. The Challenges and Advances in Diagnosis of Vector-Borne Diseases: Where Do We Stand?

    PubMed

    Kuleš, Josipa; Potocnakova, Lenka; Bhide, Katarina; Tomassone, Laura; Fuehrer, Hans-Peter; Horvatić, Anita; Galan, Asier; Guillemin, Nicolas; Nižić, Petra; Mrljak, Vladimir; Bhide, Mangesh

    2017-05-01

    Vector-borne diseases (VBD) are of major importance to human and animal health. In recent years, VBD have been emerging or re-emerging in many geographical areas, alarming new disease threats and economic losses. The precise diagnosis of many of these diseases still remains a major challenge because of the lack of comprehensive data available on accurate and reliable diagnostic methods. Here, we conducted a systematic and in-depth review of the former, current, and upcoming techniques employed for the diagnosis of VBD.

  18. Diagnosis of Fanconi Anemia by Diepoxybutane Analysis

    PubMed Central

    Auerbach, Arleen D.

    2015-01-01

    Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorder characterized by congenital malformations, progressive bone marrow failure, and predisposition to cancer, particularly hematological malignancies and solid tumors of the head and neck. The main role of FA proteins is in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). FA results from pathogenic variants in at least 16 distinct genes, causing genomic instability. Although the highly variable phenotype makes accurate diagnosis on the basis of clinical manifestations difficult in some patients, diagnosis based on a profound sensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents can be used to identify the pre-anemia patient as well as patients with aplastic anemia or leukemia who may or may not have the physical stigmata associated with the syndrome. Diepoxybutane (DEB) analysis is the preferred test for FA because other agents have higher rates of false-positive and false-negative results. PMID:25827349

  19. An Expert System for Diagnosis of Broiler Diseases using Certainty Factor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Setyohadi, D. P. S.; Octavia, R. A.; Puspitasari, T. D.

    2018-01-01

    Broilers are defined as chickens of meat-type strains raised specifically for meat production. Based on data production from the Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia raised 3.76% from 2015 - 2016. But in reality the price of chicken is expensive, because the amount of market demand is more than the amount of production. Harvest failure due to chicken disease is one of the causes. Detecting diseases at early stage can enable to overcome and treat them appropriately. Identifying the treatment accurately depends on the method that is used in diagnosing the diseases. A Diagnosis expert system can help a great deal in identifying those diseases and describing methods of treatment to be carried out taking into account the user capability in order to deal and interact with expert system easily and clearly. This system has 25 symptoms and 6 diseases using certainty factor method to solve the problem of uncertainty. The result of the research is that Broiler Expert System has been successfully identifying diseases that can solve the problem with accuracy 90%.

  20. [Computer aided diagnosis model for lung tumor based on ensemble convolutional neural network].

    PubMed

    Wang, Yuanyuan; Zhou, Tao; Lu, Huiling; Wu, Cuiying; Yang, Pengfei

    2017-08-01

    The convolutional neural network (CNN) could be used on computer-aided diagnosis of lung tumor with positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), which can provide accurate quantitative analysis to compensate for visual inertia and defects in gray-scale sensitivity, and help doctors diagnose accurately. Firstly, parameter migration method is used to build three CNNs (CT-CNN, PET-CNN, and PET/CT-CNN) for lung tumor recognition in CT, PET, and PET/CT image, respectively. Then, we aimed at CT-CNN to obtain the appropriate model parameters for CNN training through analysis the influence of model parameters such as epochs, batchsize and image scale on recognition rate and training time. Finally, three single CNNs are used to construct ensemble CNN, and then lung tumor PET/CT recognition was completed through relative majority vote method and the performance between ensemble CNN and single CNN was compared. The experiment results show that the ensemble CNN is better than single CNN on computer-aided diagnosis of lung tumor.

  1. Accurate diagnosis of acute abdomen in FMF and acute appendicitis patients: how can we use procalcitonin?

    PubMed

    Kisacik, Bunyamin; Kalyoncu, Umut; Erol, M Fatih; Karadag, Omer; Yildiz, Mustafa; Akdogan, Ali; Kaptanoglu, Bugra; Hayran, Mutlu; Ureten, Kemal; Ertenli, Ihsan; Kiraz, Sedat; Calguneri, Meral

    2007-12-01

    This study was conducted to define the value of procalcitonin (PCT) levels in the differential diagnosis of abdominal familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) attacks from acute appendicitis. From October 2006 to January 2007, 28 FMF (12 males, 16 females) patients with acute abdominal attacks and 34 patients (18 males) with acute abdomen who underwent operation with the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis were consecutively enrolled in this study. FMF patients with concurrent infectious diseases were excluded. PCT values were measured by an immunofluorescent method using the B.R.A.H.M.S. PCT kit (B.R.A.H.M.S. Diagnostica, Berlin, Germany). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive proteins (CRP) and leucocyte levels were also noted. Mean disease duration in FMF patients was 9.6 +/- 8.1 years (range 2-33 years) and all were on colchicine therapy with a mean colchicine dosage of 1.2 +/- 0.4 mg/day. Among the operated patients, 5 were excluded: 3 patients had normal findings and 2 had intestinal perforation (PCT levels were 2.69 and 4.93 ng/ml, respectively) at operative and pathologic evaluation. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to gender and age (p was not significant (NS) for all). Acute phase reactants and PCT levels were increased in patients with FMF compared to patients with acute appendicitis (0.529[0.12 +/- 0.96] vs 0.095 [0.01-0.80] p < 0.001, respectively). PCT levels higher than 0.5 ng/ml were found in 11% (3/28) of FMF patients compared to 62% (18/29) of acute appendicitis patients (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that PCT could be a useful test in the differentiation of abdominal FMF attacks from acute appendicitis, though it should not supplant more conventional investigations.

  2. Early Oscillation Detection for Hybrid DC/DC Converter Fault Diagnosis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wang, Bright L.

    2011-01-01

    This paper describes a novel fault detection technique for hybrid DC/DC converter oscillation diagnosis. The technique is based on principles of feedback control loop oscillation and RF signal modulations, and Is realized by using signal spectral analysis. Real-circuit simulation and analytical study reveal critical factors of the oscillation and indicate significant correlations between the spectral analysis method and the gain/phase margin method. A stability diagnosis index (SDI) is developed as a quantitative measure to accurately assign a degree of stability to the DC/DC converter. This technique Is capable of detecting oscillation at an early stage without interfering with DC/DC converter's normal operation and without limitations of probing to the converter.

  3. Development of a validated algorithm for the diagnosis of paediatric asthma in electronic medical records

    PubMed Central

    Cave, Andrew J; Davey, Christina; Ahmadi, Elaheh; Drummond, Neil; Fuentes, Sonia; Kazemi-Bajestani, Seyyed Mohammad Reza; Sharpe, Heather; Taylor, Matt

    2016-01-01

    An accurate estimation of the prevalence of paediatric asthma in Alberta and elsewhere is hampered by uncertainty regarding disease definition and diagnosis. Electronic medical records (EMRs) provide a rich source of clinical data from primary-care practices that can be used in better understanding the occurrence of the disease. The Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) database includes cleaned data extracted from the EMRs of primary-care practitioners. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a case definition of asthma in children 1–17 who consult family physicians, in order to provide primary-care estimates of childhood asthma in Alberta as accurately as possible. The validation involved the comparison of the application of a theoretical algorithm (to identify patients with asthma) to a physician review of records included in the CPCSSN database (to confirm an accurate diagnosis). The comparison yielded 87.4% sensitivity, 98.6% specificity and a positive and negative predictive value of 91.2% and 97.9%, respectively, in the age group 1–17 years. The algorithm was also run for ages 3–17 and 6–17 years, and was found to have comparable statistical values. Overall, the case definition and algorithm yielded strong sensitivity and specificity metrics and was found valid for use in research in CPCSSN primary-care practices. The use of the validated asthma algorithm may improve insight into the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of paediatric asthma in Alberta and Canada. PMID:27882997

  4. Development of a validated algorithm for the diagnosis of paediatric asthma in electronic medical records.

    PubMed

    Cave, Andrew J; Davey, Christina; Ahmadi, Elaheh; Drummond, Neil; Fuentes, Sonia; Kazemi-Bajestani, Seyyed Mohammad Reza; Sharpe, Heather; Taylor, Matt

    2016-11-24

    An accurate estimation of the prevalence of paediatric asthma in Alberta and elsewhere is hampered by uncertainty regarding disease definition and diagnosis. Electronic medical records (EMRs) provide a rich source of clinical data from primary-care practices that can be used in better understanding the occurrence of the disease. The Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) database includes cleaned data extracted from the EMRs of primary-care practitioners. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a case definition of asthma in children 1-17 who consult family physicians, in order to provide primary-care estimates of childhood asthma in Alberta as accurately as possible. The validation involved the comparison of the application of a theoretical algorithm (to identify patients with asthma) to a physician review of records included in the CPCSSN database (to confirm an accurate diagnosis). The comparison yielded 87.4% sensitivity, 98.6% specificity and a positive and negative predictive value of 91.2% and 97.9%, respectively, in the age group 1-17 years. The algorithm was also run for ages 3-17 and 6-17 years, and was found to have comparable statistical values. Overall, the case definition and algorithm yielded strong sensitivity and specificity metrics and was found valid for use in research in CPCSSN primary-care practices. The use of the validated asthma algorithm may improve insight into the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of paediatric asthma in Alberta and Canada.

  5. From diagnosis to social diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Brown, Phil; Lyson, Mercedes; Jenkins, Tania

    2011-09-01

    In the past two decades, research on the sociology of diagnosis has attained considerable influence within medical sociology. Analyzing the process and factors that contribute to making a diagnosis amidst uncertainty and contestation, as well as the diagnostic encounter itself, are topics rich for sociological investigation. This paper provides a reformulation of the sociology of diagnosis by proposing the concept of 'social diagnosis' which helps us recognize the interplay between larger social structures and individual or community illness manifestations. By outlining a conceptual frame, exploring how social scientists, medical professionals and laypeople contribute to social diagnosis, and providing a case study of how the North American Mohawk Akwesasne reservation dealt with rising obesity prevalence to further illustrate the social diagnosis idea, we embark on developing a cohesive and updated framework for a sociology of diagnosis. This approach is useful not just for sociological research, but has direct implications for the fields of medicine and public health. Approaching diagnosis from this integrated perspective potentially provides a broader context for practitioners and researchers to understand extra-medical factors, which in turn has consequences for patient care and health outcomes. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Next-generation sequencing-based molecular diagnosis of a Chinese patient cohort with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa.

    PubMed

    Fu, Qing; Wang, Feng; Wang, Hui; Xu, Fei; Zaneveld, Jacques E; Ren, Huanan; Keser, Vafa; Lopez, Irma; Tuan, Han-Fang; Salvo, Jason S; Wang, Xia; Zhao, Li; Wang, Keqing; Li, Yumei; Koenekoop, Robert K; Chen, Rui; Sui, Ruifang

    2013-06-14

    Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a highly heterogeneous genetic disease; therefore, an accurate molecular diagnosis is essential for appropriate disease treatment and family planning. The prevalence of RP in China had been reported at 1 in 3800, resulting in an estimated total of 340,000 Chinese RP patients. However, genetic studies of Chinese RP patients have been very limited. To date, no comprehensive molecular diagnosis has been done for Chinese RP patients. With the emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS), comprehensive molecular diagnosis of RP is now within reach. The purpose of this study was to perform the first NGS-based comprehensive molecular diagnosis for Chinese RP patients. Thirty-one well-characterized autosomal recessive RP (arRP) families were recruited. For each family, the DNA sample from one affected member was sequenced using our custom capture panel, which includes 163 retinal disease genes. Variants were called, filtered, and annotated by our in-house automatic pipeline. Twelve arRP families were successfully molecular diagnosed, achieving a diagnostic rate of approximately 40%. Interestingly, approximately 63% of the pathogenic mutations we identified are novel, which is higher than that observed in a similar study on European descent (45%). Moreover, the clinical diagnoses of two families were refined based on the pathogenic mutations identified in the patients. We conclude that comprehensive molecular diagnosis can be vital for an accurate clinical diagnosis of RP. Applying this tool on patients from different ethnic groups is essential for enhancing our knowledge of the global spectrum of RP disease-causing mutations.

  7. PCR/LDR/universal array platforms for the diagnosis of infectious disease.

    PubMed

    Pingle, Maneesh; Rundell, Mark; Das, Sanchita; Golightly, Linnie M; Barany, Francis

    2010-01-01

    Infectious diseases account for between 14 and 17 million deaths worldwide each year. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections is therefore essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. Classical microbiological and serological methods have long served as the gold standard for diagnosis but are increasingly being replaced by molecular diagnostic methods that demonstrate increased sensitivity and specificity and provide an identification of the etiologic agent in a shorter period of time. PCR/LDR coupled with universal array detection provides a highly sensitive and specific platform for the detection and identification of bacterial and viral infections.

  8. PCR/LDR/Universal Array Platforms for the Diagnosis of Infectious Disease

    PubMed Central

    Pingle, Maneesh; Rundell, Mark; Das, Sanchita; Golightly, Linnie M.; Barany, Francis

    2015-01-01

    Infectious diseases account for between 14 and 17 million deaths worldwide each year. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections is therefore essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. Classical microbiological and serological methods have long served as the gold standard for diagnosis but are increasingly being replaced by molecular diagnostic methods that demonstrate increased sensitivity and specificity and provide an identification of the etiologic agent in a shorter period of time. PCR/LDR coupled with universal array detection provides a highly sensitive and specific platform for the detection and identification of bacterial and viral infections. PMID:20217576

  9. Improving diagnosis for congenital cataract by introducing NGS genetic testing.

    PubMed

    Musleh, Mohammud; Ashworth, Jane; Black, Graeme; Hall, Georgina

    2016-01-01

    Childhood cataract (CC) has an incidence of 3.5 per 10,000 by age 15 years. Diagnosis of any underlying cause is important to ensure effective and prompt management of multisystem complications, to facilitate accurate genetic counselling and to streamline multidisciplinary care. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has been shown to be effective in providing an underlying diagnosis in 70% of patients with CC in a research setting. This project aimed to integrate NGS testing in CC within six months of presentation and increase the rate of diagnosis. A retrospective case note review was undertaken to define the baseline efficacy of current care in providing a precise diagnosis. Quality improvement methods were used to integrate and optimize NGS testing in clinical care and measure the improvements made. The percentage of children receiving an NGS result within six months increased from 26% to 71% during the project period. The mean time to NGS testing and receiving a report decreased and there was a reduction in variation over the study period. Several patients and families had a change in management or genetic counselling as a direct result of the diagnosis given by the NGS test. The current recommended investigation of patients with bilateral CC is ineffective in identifying a diagnosis. Quality Improvement methods have facilitated successful integration of NGS testing into clinical care, improving time to diagnosis and leading to development of a new care pathway.

  10. Value of counting positive PHH3 cells in the diagnosis of uterine smooth muscle tumors

    PubMed Central

    Pang, Shu-Jie; Li, Cheng-Cheng; Shen, Yan; Liu, Yian-Zhu; Shi, Yi-Quan; Liu, Yi-Xin

    2015-01-01

    The diagnosis of uterine smooth muscle tumors including leiomyosarcomas (LMS), smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), bizarre (atypical) leiomyoma (BLM), mitotically active leiomyoma (MAL) and leiomyoma (LM) depends on a combination of microscopic features, such as mitoses, cytologic atypia, and coagulative tumor cell necrosis. However, a small number of these tumors still pose difficult diagnostic challenges. The assessment of accurate mitotic figures (MF) is one of the major parameters in the proper classification of uterine smooth muscle tumors. This assessment can be hampered by the presence of increased number of apoptotic bodies or pyknotic nuclei, which frequently mimic mitoses. Phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) is a recently described immunomarker specific for cells undergoing mitoses. In our study, we collected 132 cases of uterine smooth muscle tumors, including 26 LMSs, 16 STUMPs, 30 BLMs, 30 MALs and 30 LMs. We used mitosis specific marker PHH3 to count mitotic indexes (MI) of uterine smooth muscle tumors and compared with the mitotic indexes of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). There is a positive correlation with the number of mitotic figures in H&E-stained sections and PHH3-stained sections (r=0.944, P<0.05). The ratio of PHH3-MI to H&E-MI has no statistically significant difference in each group except for LMs (P>0.05). The counting value of PHH3 in LMSs have significantly higher than STUMPs, BLMs, MALs and LMs (P<0.001) and the counting value of PHH3 is 1.5±0.5 times of the number of mitotic indexes in H&E. To conclude, our results show that counting PHH3 is a useful index in the diagnosis of uterine smooth muscle tumors and it can provide a more accurate index instead of the time-honored mitotic figure counts at a certain ratio. PMID:26191133

  11. Neuropathologic features associated with Alzheimer disease diagnosis

    PubMed Central

    Grinberg, L.T.; Miller, B.; Kawas, C.; Yaffe, K.

    2011-01-01

    Objective: To examine whether the association between clinical Alzheimer disease (AD) diagnosis and neuropathology and the precision by which neuropathology differentiates people with clinical AD from those with normal cognition varies by age. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2,014 older adults (≥70 years at death) from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database with clinical diagnosis of normal cognition (made ≤1 year before death, n = 419) or AD (at ≥65 years, n = 1,595) and a postmortem neuropathologic examination evaluating AD pathology (neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques) and non-AD pathology (diffuse plaques, amyloid angiopathy, Lewy bodies, macrovascular disease, microvascular disease). We used adjusted logistic regression to analyze the relationship between clinical AD diagnosis and neuropathologic features, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (c statistic) to evaluate how precisely neuropathology differentiates between cognitive diagnoses, and an interaction to identify effect modification by age group. Results: In a model controlling for coexisting neuropathologic features, the relationship between clinical AD diagnosis and neurofibrillary tangles was significantly weaker with increasing age (p < 0.001 for interaction). The aggregate of all neuropathologic features more strongly differentiated people with clinical AD from those without in younger age groups (70–74 years: c statistic, 95% confidence interval: 0.93, 0.89–0.96; 75–84 years: 0.95, 0.87–0.95; ≥85 years: 0.83, 0.80–0.87). Non-AD pathology significantly improved precision of differentiation across all age groups (p < 0.004). Conclusion: Clinical AD diagnosis was more weakly associated with neurofibrillary tangles among the oldest old compared to younger age groups, possibly due to less accurate clinical diagnosis, better neurocompensation, or unaccounted pathology among the oldest old. PMID:22031532

  12. [Thinking about the present primary open angle glaucoma early diagnosis concepts and methods].

    PubMed

    Ren, Zeqin

    2014-05-01

    Early diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma has not been clear and consistent in concepts and methods. At present, according to the pathophysiology process of optic nerve damage and its detection technology, early diagnosis on the concept still belongs to the early clinical diagnosis instead of preclinical diagnosis, and on the method depends on the fundus as morphological index combined with the visual field as functional index. The direction of early clinical diagnosis mainly lies in exploring more effective diagnosis index, rather than blindly adopt new diagnostic technology.

  13. Prenatal diagnosis for a Chinese family with a de novo DMD gene mutation

    PubMed Central

    Li, Tao; Zhang, Zhao-jing; Ma, Xin; Lv, Xue; Xiao, Hai; Guo, Qian-nan; Liu, Hong-yan; Wang, Hong-dan; Wu, Dong; Lou, Gui-yu; Wang, Xin; Zhang, Chao-yang; Liao, Shi-xiu

    2017-01-01

    Abstract Background: Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) usually have severe and fatal symptoms. At present, there is no effective treatment for DMD, thus it is very important to avoid the birth of children with DMD by effective prenatal diagnosis. We identified a de novo DMD gene mutation in a Chinese family, and make a prenatal diagnosis. Methods: First, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was applied to analyze DMD gene exon deletion/duplication in all family members. The coding sequences of 79 exons in DMD gene were analyzed by Sanger sequencing in the patient; and then according to DMD gene exon mutation in the patient, DMD gene sequencing was performed in the family members. On the basis of results above, the pathogenic mutation in DMD gene was identified. Results: MLPA showed no DMD gene exon deletion/duplication in all family members. Sanger sequencing revealed c.2767_2767delT [p.Ser923LeufsX26] mutation in DMD gene of the patient. Heterozygous deletion mutation (T/-) at this locus was observed in the pregnant woman and her mother and younger sister. The analyses of amniotic fluid samples indicated negative Y chromosome sex-determining gene, no DMD gene exon deletion/duplication, no mutations at c.2767 locus, and the inherited maternal X chromosome different from that of the patient. Conclusion: The pathogenic mutation in DMD gene, c.2767_2767delT [p.Ser923LeufsX26], identified in this family is a de novo mutation. On the basis of specific conditions, it is necessary to select suitable methods to make prenatal diagnosis more effective, accurate, and economic. PMID:29390271

  14. THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF NON-SPECIFIC PARAESTHESIA ABOUT THE WRIST OR HAND USING A FLOW CHART

    PubMed Central

    Reggars, John W.

    1993-01-01

    A common clinical presentation in the Chiropractor's office is that of vague and unilateral paraesthesia of the wrist or hand. Often the patient is unable to identify any definite dermatomal pattern and in such cases an accurate diagnosis becomes somewhat difficult. The following paper, incorporating a flow chart, provides the clinician with a logical sequence for the clinical exam in an attempt to arrive at the correct diagnosis, particularly those with mechanical causes. PMID:17989743

  15. An investigation of the effects of measurement noise in the use of instantaneous angular speed for machine diagnosis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gu, Fengshou; Yesilyurt, Isa; Li, Yuhua; Harris, Georgina; Ball, Andrew

    2006-08-01

    In order to discriminate small changes for early fault diagnosis of rotating machines, condition monitoring demands that the measurement of instantaneous angular speed (IAS) of the machines be as accurate as possible. This paper develops the theoretical basis and practical implementation of IAS data acquisition and IAS estimation when noise influence is included. IAS data is modelled as a frequency modulated signal of which the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by using a high-resolution encoder. From this signal model and analysis, optimal configurations for IAS data collection are addressed for high accuracy IAS measurement. Simultaneously, a method based on analytic signal concept and fast Fourier transform is also developed for efficient and accurate estimation of IAS. Finally, a fault diagnosis is carried out on an electric induction motor driving system using IAS measurement. The diagnosis results show that using a high-resolution encoder and a long data stream can achieve noise reduction by more than 10 dB in the frequency range of interest, validating the model and algorithm developed. Moreover, the results demonstrate that IAS measurement outperforms conventional vibration in diagnosis of incipient faults of motor rotor bar defects and shaft misalignment.

  16. Asymptomatic solitary cerebral metastasis from papillary carcinoma thyroid: 131I SPECT/CT for accurate staging.

    PubMed

    Jain, Tarun Kumar; Karunanithi, Sellam; Sharma, Punit; Vijay, Maneesh Kumar; Ballal, Sanjana; Bal, Chandrasekhar

    2014-11-01

    Isolated asymptomatic brain metastasis in papillary carcinoma thyroid (PCT) is extremely rare. We here present such a case of a 48-year-old woman with PCT. SPECT/CT localized the 131I radiotracer concentration seen on whole-body scan in this patient to the right posterior parietal cortex, suggesting brain metastasis. Contrast-enhanced MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT confirmed the diagnosis and the patient was taken for gamma-knife radiosurgery. 131I SPECT/CT in this case accurately restaged the patient by detecting asymptomatic isolated brain metastasis and correctly directed the management strategy.

  17. Molecular testing for the clinical diagnosis of fibrolamellar carcinoma

    PubMed Central

    Graham, Rondell P; Yeh, Matthew M; Lam-Himlin, Dora; Roberts, Lewis R; Terracciano, Luigi; Cruise, Michael W; Greipp, Patricia T; Zreik, Riyam T; Jain, Dhanpat; Zaid, Nida; Salaria, Safia N; Jin, Long; Wang, Xiaoke; Rustin, Jeanette G; Kerr, Sarah E; Sukov, William R; Solomon, David A; Kakar, Sanjay; Waterhouse, Emily; Gill, Ryan M; Ferrell, Linda; Alves, Venancio AF; Nart, Deniz; Yilmaz, Funda; Roessler, Stephanie; Longerich, Thomas; Schirmacher, Peter; Torbenson, Michael S

    2018-01-01

    Fibrolamellar carcinoma has a distinctive morphology and immunophenotype, including cytokeratin 7 and CD68 co-expression. Despite the distinct findings, accurate diagnosis of fibrolamellar carcinoma continues to be a challenge. Recently, fibrolamellar carcinomas were found to harbor a characteristic somatic gene fusion, DNAJB1–PRKACA. A break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was designed to detect this fusion event and to examine its diagnostic performance in a large, multicenter, multinational study. Cases initially classified as fibrolamellar carcinoma based on histological features were reviewed from 124 patients. Upon central review, 104 of the 124 cases were classified histologically as typical of fibrolamellar carcinoma, 12 cases as ‘possible fibrolamellar carcinoma’ and 8 cases as ‘unlikely to be fibrolamellar carcinoma’. PRKACA FISH was positive for rearrangement in 102 of 103 (99%) typical fibrolamellar carcinomas, 9 of 12 ‘possible fibrolamellar carcinomas’ and 0 of 8 cases ‘unlikely to be fibrolamellar carcinomas’. Within the morphologically typical group of fibrolamellar carcinomas, two tumors with unusual FISH patterns were also identified. Both cases had the fusion gene DNAJB1–PRKACA, but one also had amplification of the fusion gene and one had heterozygous deletion of the normal PRKACA locus. In addition, 88 conventional hepatocellular carcinomas were evaluated with PRKACA FISH and all were negative. These findings demonstrate that FISH for the PRKACA rearrangement is a clinically useful tool to confirm the diagnosis of fibrolamellar carcinoma, with high sensitivity and specificity. A diagnosis of fibrolamellar carcinoma is more accurate when based on morphology plus confirmatory testing than when based on morphology alone. PMID:28862261

  18. Phase rainbow refractometry for accurate droplet variation characterization.

    PubMed

    Wu, Yingchun; Promvongsa, Jantarat; Saengkaew, Sawitree; Wu, Xuecheng; Chen, Jia; Gréhan, Gérard

    2016-10-15

    We developed a one-dimensional phase rainbow refractometer for the accurate trans-dimensional measurements of droplet size on the micrometer scale as well as the tiny droplet diameter variations at the nanoscale. The dependence of the phase shift of the rainbow ripple structures on the droplet variations is revealed. The phase-shifting rainbow image is recorded by a telecentric one-dimensional rainbow imaging system. Experiments on the evaporating monodispersed droplet stream show that the phase rainbow refractometer can measure the tiny droplet diameter changes down to tens of nanometers. This one-dimensional phase rainbow refractometer is capable of measuring the droplet refractive index and diameter, as well as variations.

  19. A new approach for reducing beam hardening artifacts in polychromatic X-ray computed tomography using more accurate prior image.

    PubMed

    Wang, Hui; Xu, Yanan; Shi, Hongli

    2018-03-15

    Metal artifacts severely degrade CT image quality in clinical diagnosis, which are difficult to removed, especially for the beam hardening artifacts. The metal artifact reduction (MAR) based on prior images are the most frequently-used methods. However, there exists a lot misclassification in most prior images caused by absence of prior information such as spectrum distribution of X-ray beam source, especially when multiple or big metal are included. This work aims is to identify a more accurate prior image to improve image quality. The proposed method includes four steps. First, the metal image is segmented by thresholding an initial image, where the metal traces are identified in the initial projection data using the forward projection of the metal image. Second, the accurate absorbent model of certain metal image is calculated according to the spectrum distribution of certain X-ray beam source and energy-dependent attenuation coefficients of metal. Third, a new metal image is reconstructed by the general analytical reconstruction algorithm such as filtered back projection (FPB). The prior image is obtained by segmenting the difference image between the initial image and the new metal image into air, tissue and bone. Fourth, the initial projection data are normalized by dividing the projection data of prior image pixel to pixel. The final corrected image is obtained by interpolation, denormalization and reconstruction. Several clinical images with dental fillings and knee prostheses were used to evaluate the proposed algorithm and normalized metal artifact reduction (NMAR) and linear interpolation (LI) method. The results demonstrate the artifacts were reduced efficiently by the proposed method. The proposed method could obtain an exact prior image using the prior information about X-ray beam source and energy-dependent attenuation coefficients of metal. As a result, better performance of reducing beam hardening artifacts can be achieved. Moreover, the process of

  20. Shin splints. Diagnosis, management, prevention.

    PubMed

    Moore, M P

    1988-01-01

    Our knowledge of the etiology of shin splints is incomplete. Biomechanical abnormalities are likely to be major factors in predisposing certain persons to such injury. Also, training errors are major etiologic factors. Because shin splints result from mechanical overload of various elements of the musculoskeletal system of the leg that exceed their adaptive remodeling capacity, rest and recovery should be emphasized as an important aspect of sports training. Accurate and prompt diagnosis reduces the severity and duration of the injury. Management should consist of measures to reduce inflammation and pain and to identify possible biomechanical factors that may be correctable by strengthening and flexibility exercises or by the use of an orthotic device.

  1. Acute phase proteins in the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis.

    PubMed

    Safi, Shahabeddin; Khoshvaghti, Ameneh; Jafarzadeh, Seyed Reza; Bolourchi, Mahmoud; Nowrouzian, Iradj

    2009-12-01

    The California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC) are commonly used for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle. Acute phase proteins (APPs), as alternative biomarkers of mastitis, may increase in concentration in the absence of macroscopic changes in the milk, or may precede the onset of clinical signs. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of APPs measured in milk and in serum with bacterial culture for the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis. One hundred and seventy-five Holstein cows were randomly selected from 7 dairy farms. Quarter milk and serum samples were taken from all cows. Milk samples were analyzed using a CMT and SCC, and for haptoglobin (MHp) and amyloid A (MAA) concentrations, and were also submitted for bacterial culture. Serum samples obtained concurrently were analyzed for haptoglobin (SHp) and amyloid A (SAA). Two-sample Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) test was used to compare SCC, MAA, MHp, SAA, and SHp concentrations between culture-positive and culture-negative animals. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the performance of each test using bacterial culture as the reference method. MAA concentration was the most accurate of the 5 tests, with a sensitivity of 90.6% and specificity of 98.3% at concentrations >16.4 mg/L. MAA and MHp had significantly larger areas under the curve than the respective serum proteins, SAA and SHp. The results suggest that measuring haptoglobin and amyloid A in milk is more accurate than serum analysis for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in Holstein cows.

  2. Diagnosis and evaluation of gastric cancer by positron emission tomography

    PubMed Central

    Wu, Chen-Xi; Zhu, Zhao-Hui

    2014-01-01

    Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The diagnosis of gastric cancer has been significantly improved with the broad availability of gastrointestinal endoscopy. Effective technologies for accurate staging and quantitative evaluation are still in demand to merit reasonable treatment and better prognosis for the patients presented with advanced disease. Preoperative staging using conventional imaging tools, such as computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasonography, is inadequate. Positron emission tomography (PET), using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) as a tracer and integrating CT for anatomic localization, holds a promise to detect unsuspected metastasis and has been extensively used in a variety of malignancies. However, the value of FDG PET/CT in diagnosis and evaluation of gastric cancer is still controversial. This article reviews the current literature in diagnosis, staging, response evaluation, and relapse monitoring of gastric cancer, and discusses the current understanding, improvement, and future prospects in this area. PMID:24782610

  3. New Perspectives on the Diagnosis of Allergy to Anisakis spp.

    PubMed

    Moneo, Ignacio; Carballeda-Sangiao, Noelia; González-Muñoz, Miguel

    2017-05-01

    To compare the prevalence of sensitization in different countries based on specific IgE values and to evaluate the use of isolated native or recombinant allergens for diagnosis. Isolated allergens help in the diagnosis of truly sensitized patients avoiding false positives due to cross-reactions. Their use is therefore highly recommended, especially when used as a combination of several relevant allergens. The use of purified allergens allows an accurate diagnosis and this has led to three important findings: (1) in addition to the digestive route of sensitization, occupational and non-digestive exposure seems to be clinically relevant. (2) The parasite appears as an important agent for chronic urticaria. And (3) in endemic countries, the amount of highly sensitized subjects in the general population could be as high as 7%. Adequate information to asymptomatic patients on fish consumption habits would avoid new contacts with parasite allergens and decrease their specific IgE levels and consequently the appearance of acute or chronic episodes induced by the parasite.

  4. Rolling bearing fault diagnosis and health assessment using EEMD and the adjustment Mahalanobis-Taguchi system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Junxun; Cheng, Longsheng; Yu, Hui; Hu, Shaolin

    2018-01-01

    ABSTRACTSFor the timely identification of the potential faults of a rolling bearing and to observe its health condition intuitively and <span class="hlt">accurately</span>, a novel fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and health assessment model for a rolling bearing based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method and the adjustment Mahalanobis-Taguchi system (AMTS) method is proposed. The specific steps are as follows: First, the vibration signal of a rolling bearing is decomposed by EEMD, and the extracted features are used as the input vectors of AMTS. Then, the AMTS method, which is designed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional Mahalanobis-Taguchi system and to extract the key features, is proposed for fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Finally, a type of HI concept is proposed according to the results of the fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> to accomplish the health assessment of a bearing in its life cycle. To validate the superiority of the developed method proposed approach, it is compared with other recent method and proposed methodology is successfully validated on a vibration data-set acquired from seeded defects and from an accelerated life test. The results show that this method represents the actual situation well and is able to <span class="hlt">accurately</span> and effectively identify the fault type.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28781430','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28781430"><span>Accounting for tissue heterogeneity in infrared spectroscopic imaging for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of thyroid carcinoma subtypes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Martinez-Marin, David; Sreedhar, Hari; Varma, Vishal K; Eloy, Catarina; Sobrinho-Simões, Manuel; Kajdacsy-Balla, André; Walsh, Michael J</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy was used to image tissue samples from twenty patients diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma. The spectral data were then used to differentiate between follicular thyroid carcinoma and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma using principle component analysis coupled with linear discriminant analysis and a Naïve Bayesian classifier operating on a set of computed spectral metrics. Classification of patients' disease type was accomplished by using average spectra from a wide region containing follicular cells, colloid, and fibrosis; however, classification of disease state at the pixel level was only possible when the extracted spectra were limited to follicular epithelial cells in the samples, excluding the relatively uninformative areas of fibrosis. The results demonstrate the potential of FT-IR microscopy as a tool to assist in the difficult <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of these subtypes of thyroid cancer, and also highlights the importance of selectively and separately analyzing spectral information from different features of a tissue of interest.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28423783','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28423783"><span>Automated <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> Coding with Combined Text Representations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Berndorfer, Stefan; Henriksson, Aron</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Automated <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> coding can be provided efficiently by learning predictive models from historical data; however, discriminating between thousands of codes while allowing a variable number of codes to be assigned is extremely difficult. Here, we explore various text representations and classification models for assigning ICD-9 codes to discharge summaries in MIMIC-III. It is shown that the relative effectiveness of the investigated representations <span class="hlt">depends</span> on the frequency of the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> code under consideration and that the best performance is obtained by combining models built using different representations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25269870','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25269870"><span>Using a gluten oral food challenge protocol to improve <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of wheat-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> exercise-induced anaphylaxis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brockow, Knut; Kneissl, Daniel; Valentini, Luzia; Zelger, Otto; Grosber, Martine; Kugler, Claudia; Werich, Martina; Darsow, Ulf; Matsuo, Hiroaki; Morita, Eishin; Ring, Johannes</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Oral wheat plus cofactors challenge tests in patients with wheat-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) produce unreliable results. We sought to confirm WDEIA <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> by using oral gluten flour plus cofactors challenge, to determine the amount of gluten required to elicit symptoms, and to correlate these results with plasma gliadin levels, gastrointestinal permeability, and allergologic parameters. Sixteen of 34 patients with a history of WDEIA and ω5-gliadin IgE underwent prospective oral challenge tests with gluten with or without cofactors until objective symptoms developed. Gluten reaction threshold levels, plasma gliadin concentrations, gastrointestinal permeability, sensitivities and specificities for skin prick tests, and specific IgE levels were ascertained in patients and 38 control subjects. In 16 of 16 patients (8 female and 8 male patients; age, 23-76 years), WDEIA was confirmed by challenges with gluten alone (n = 4) or gluten plus cofactors (n = 12), including 4 patients with previous negative wheat challenge results. Higher gluten doses or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) plus alcohol instead of physical exercise were cofactors in 2 retested patients. The cofactors ASA plus alcohol and exercise increased plasma gliadin levels (P < .03). Positive challenge results developed after a variable period of time at peak or when the plateau plasma gliadin level was attained. Positive plasma gliadin threshold levels differed by greater than 100-fold and ranged from 15 to 2111 pg/mL (median, 628 pg/mL). The clinical history, IgE gliadin level, and baseline gastrointestinal level were not predictive of the outcomes of the challenge tests. The challenge-confirmed sensitivity and specificity of gluten skin prick tests was 100% and 96%, respectively. Oral challenge with gluten alone or along with ASA and alcohol is a sensitive and specific test for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of WDEIA. Exercise is not an essential trigger for the onset of symptoms in patients with WDEIA</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1177938','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1177938"><span>Computer-aided dermoscopy for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of melanoma</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Barzegari, Masoomeh; Ghaninezhad, Haiedeh; Mansoori, Parisa; Taheri, Arash; Naraghi, Zahra S; Asgari, Masood</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Background Computer-aided dermoscopy using artificial neural networks has been reported to be an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> tool for the evaluation of pigmented skin lesions. We set out to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a computer-aided dermoscopy system for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of melanoma in Iranian patients. Methods We studied 122 pigmented skin lesions which were referred for diagnostic evaluation or cosmetic reasons. Each lesion was examined by two clinicians with naked eyes and all of their clinical diagnostic considerations were recorded. The lesions were analyzed using a microDERM® dermoscopy unit. The output value of the software for each lesion was a score between 0 and 10. All of the lesions were excised and examined histologically. Results Histopathological examination revealed melanoma in six lesions. Considering only the most likely clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, sensitivity and specificity of clinical examination for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of melanoma were 83% and 96%, respectively. Considering all clinical diagnostic considerations, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 89%. Choosing a cut-off point of 7.88 for dermoscopy score, the sensitivity and specificity of the score for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of melanoma were 83% and 96%, respectively. Setting the cut-off point at 7.34, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 90%. Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of the dermoscopy system was at the level of clinical examination by dermatologists with naked eyes. This system may represent a useful tool for screening of melanoma, particularly at centers not experienced in the field of pigmented skin lesions. PMID:16000171</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29100225','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29100225"><span>Acute Pancreatitis: Etiology, Pathology, <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span>, and Treatment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Majidi, Shirin; Golembioski, Adam; Wilson, Stephen L; Thompson, Errington C</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Acute pancreatitis is a fascinating disease. In the United States, the two most common etiologies of acute pancreatitis are gallstones and excessive alcohol consumption. The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of acute pancreatitis is made with a combination of history, physical examination, computed tomography scan, and laboratory evaluation. Differentiating patients who will have a benign course of their pancreatitis from patients who will have severe pancreatitis is challenging to the clinician. C-reactive protein, pro-calcitonin, and the Bedside Index for Severity of Acute Pancreatitis appeared to be the best tools for the early and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of severe pancreatitis. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is indicated for patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis. For patients who are going to have a prolonged hospitalization, enteral nutrition is preferred. Total parenteral nutrition should be reserved for patients who cannot tolerate enteral nutrition. Prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated for patients with pancreatic necrosis. Surgical intervention for infected pancreatic necrosis should be delayed as long as possible to improve patient outcomes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27933740','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27933740"><span>Fine needle aspiration in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and classification of hepatoblastoma: Analysis of 21 New Cases.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vlajnic, Tatjana; Brisse, Hervé J; Aerts, Isabelle; Fréneaux, Paul; Cellier, Cécile; Fabre, Monique; Klijanienko, Jerzy</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of hepatoblastoma (HBL) is based on characteristic clinical and radiological presentation, young age and marked elevation of serum α-fetoprotein (aFP). Fine needle aspiration (FNA) technique is successfully used in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of hepatoblastoma. To evaluate the value of FNA in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and subtyping of HBL, we report our experience correlated to histological sections (core needle biopsy, CNB). From 1991 to 2015, 21 cases from 20 patients were cytologically diagnosed as HBL. The patients were 15 males and 5 females, mean age being 3 years, and median age being 2 years and 4 months. Serum aFP levels ranged from negative to 1,285,000 ng/ml. We defined cytological criteria to diagnose fetal, embryonal, mesenchymal, and small cell undifferentiated components. The <span class="hlt">accurate</span> cytological <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of HBL was made in all cases; 8 cases exhibited a single component and 13 cases exhibited two or more components. Fetal and embryonal components were seen in 18 and 13 cases, respectively, and small cell undifferentiated component was seen in one case. Mesenchymal component was seen in 12 cases. Comparing cytology and histology, identical components were identified on both, FNA and CNB in 14 cases. When analyzing only the presence of epithelial components, 17 cases were concordant in both techniques. FNA allows to <span class="hlt">accurately</span> diagnose HBL and recognize its histological subtypes. On the basis of high concordance between cytological and histological <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, FNA is validated as an alternative diagnostic method to CNB. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:91-100. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9336E..1RM','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9336E..1RM"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of breast cancer biopsies using quantitative phase imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Majeed, Hassaan; Kandel, Mikhail E.; Han, Kevin; Luo, Zelun; Macias, Virgilia; Tangella, Krishnarao; Balla, Andre; Popescu, Gabriel</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>The standard practice in the histopathology of breast cancers is to examine a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue biopsy under a microscope. The pathologist looks at certain morphological features, visible under the stain, to diagnose whether a tumor is benign or malignant. This determination is made based on qualitative inspection making it subject to investigator bias. Furthermore, since this method requires a microscopic examination by the pathologist it suffers from low throughput. A quantitative, label-free and high throughput method for detection of these morphological features from images of tissue biopsies is, hence, highly desirable as it would assist the pathologist in making a quicker and more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of cancers. We present here preliminary results showing the potential of using quantitative phase imaging for breast cancer screening and help with differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. We generated optical path length maps of unstained breast tissue biopsies using Spatial Light Interference Microscopy (SLIM). As a first step towards <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> based on quantitative phase imaging, we carried out a qualitative evaluation of the imaging resolution and contrast of our label-free phase images. These images were shown to two pathologists who marked the tumors present in tissue as either benign or malignant. This <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was then compared against the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of the two pathologists on H&E stained tissue images and the number of agreements were counted. In our experiment, the agreement between SLIM and H&E based <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was measured to be 88%. Our preliminary results demonstrate the potential and promise of SLIM for a push in the future towards quantitative, label-free and high throughput <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27174312','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27174312"><span>Disambiguating past events: <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> source memory for time and context <span class="hlt">depends</span> on different retrieval processes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Persson, Bjorn M; Ainge, James A; O'Connor, Akira R</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Current animal models of episodic memory are usually based on demonstrating integrated memory for what happened, where it happened, and when an event took place. These models aim to capture the testable features of the definition of human episodic memory which stresses the temporal component of the memory as a unique piece of source information that allows us to disambiguate one memory from another. Recently though, it has been suggested that a more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> model of human episodic memory would include contextual rather than temporal source information, as humans' memory for time is relatively poor. Here, two experiments were carried out investigating human memory for temporal and contextual source information, along with the underlying dual process retrieval processes, using an immersive virtual environment paired with a 'Remember-Know' memory task. Experiment 1 (n=28) showed that contextual information could only be retrieved <span class="hlt">accurately</span> using recollection, while temporal information could be retrieved using either recollection or familiarity. Experiment 2 (n=24), which used a more difficult task, resulting in reduced item recognition rates and therefore less potential for contamination by ceiling effects, replicated the pattern of results from Experiment 1. Dual process theory predicts that it should only be possible to retrieve source context from an event using recollection, and our results are consistent with this prediction. That temporal information can be retrieved using familiarity alone suggests that it may be incorrect to view temporal context as analogous to other typically used source contexts. This latter finding supports the alternative proposal that time since presentation may simply be reflected in the strength of memory trace at retrieval - a measure ideally suited to trace strength interrogation using familiarity, as is typically conceptualised within the dual process framework. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5886046','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5886046"><span>Automated database-guided expert-supervised orientation for immunophenotypic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and classification of acute leukemia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lhermitte, L; Mejstrikova, E; van der Sluijs-Gelling, A J; Grigore, G E; Sedek, L; Bras, A E; Gaipa, G; Sobral da Costa, E; Novakova, M; Sonneveld, E; Buracchi, C; de Sá Bacelar, T; te Marvelde, J G; Trinquand, A; Asnafi, V; Szczepanski, T; Matarraz, S; Lopez, A; Vidriales, B; Bulsa, J; Hrusak, O; Kalina, T; Lecrevisse, Q; Martin Ayuso, M; Brüggemann, M; Verde, J; Fernandez, P; Burgos, L; Paiva, B; Pedreira, C E; van Dongen, J J M; Orfao, A; van der Velden, V H J</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Precise classification of acute leukemia (AL) is crucial for adequate treatment. EuroFlow has previously designed an AL orientation tube (ALOT) to guide towards the relevant classification panel (T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL and/or acute myeloid leukemia (AML)) and final <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Now we built a reference database with 656 typical AL samples (145 T-ALL, 377 BCP-ALL, 134 AML), processed and analyzed via standardized protocols. Using principal component analysis (PCA)-based plots and automated classification algorithms for direct comparison of single-cells from individual patients against the database, another 783 cases were subsequently evaluated. <span class="hlt">Depending</span> on the database-guided results, patients were categorized as: (i) typical T, B or Myeloid without or; (ii) with a transitional component to another lineage; (iii) atypical; or (iv) mixed-lineage. Using this automated algorithm, in 781/783 cases (99.7%) the right panel was selected, and data comparable to the final WHO-<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was already provided in >93% of cases (85% T-ALL, 97% BCP-ALL, 95% AML and 87% mixed-phenotype AL patients), even without data on the full-characterization panels. Our results show that database-guided analysis facilitates standardized interpretation of ALOT results and allows <span class="hlt">accurate</span> selection of the relevant classification panels, hence providing a solid basis for designing future WHO AL classifications. PMID:29089646</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29286002','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29286002"><span>Cell-<span class="hlt">accurate</span> optical mapping across the entire developing heart.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Weber, Michael; Scherf, Nico; Meyer, Alexander M; Panáková, Daniela; Kohl, Peter; Huisken, Jan</p> <p>2017-12-29</p> <p>Organogenesis <span class="hlt">depends</span> on orchestrated interactions between individual cells and morphogenetically relevant cues at the tissue level. This is true for the heart, whose function critically relies on well-ordered communication between neighboring cells, which is established and fine-tuned during embryonic development. For an integrated understanding of the development of structure and function, we need to move from isolated snap-shot observations of either microscopic or macroscopic parameters to simultaneous and, ideally continuous, cell-to-organ scale imaging. We introduce cell-<span class="hlt">accurate</span> three-dimensional Ca 2+ -mapping of all cells in the entire electro-mechanically uncoupled heart during the looping stage of live embryonic zebrafish, using high-speed light sheet microscopy and tailored image processing and analysis. We show how myocardial region-specific heterogeneity in cell function emerges during early development and how structural patterning goes hand-in-hand with functional maturation of the entire heart. Our method opens the way to systematic, scale-bridging, in vivo studies of vertebrate organogenesis by cell-<span class="hlt">accurate</span> structure-function mapping across entire organs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5747520','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5747520"><span>Cell-<span class="hlt">accurate</span> optical mapping across the entire developing heart</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Meyer, Alexander M; Panáková, Daniela; Kohl, Peter</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Organogenesis <span class="hlt">depends</span> on orchestrated interactions between individual cells and morphogenetically relevant cues at the tissue level. This is true for the heart, whose function critically relies on well-ordered communication between neighboring cells, which is established and fine-tuned during embryonic development. For an integrated understanding of the development of structure and function, we need to move from isolated snap-shot observations of either microscopic or macroscopic parameters to simultaneous and, ideally continuous, cell-to-organ scale imaging. We introduce cell-<span class="hlt">accurate</span> three-dimensional Ca2+-mapping of all cells in the entire electro-mechanically uncoupled heart during the looping stage of live embryonic zebrafish, using high-speed light sheet microscopy and tailored image processing and analysis. We show how myocardial region-specific heterogeneity in cell function emerges during early development and how structural patterning goes hand-in-hand with functional maturation of the entire heart. Our method opens the way to systematic, scale-bridging, in vivo studies of vertebrate organogenesis by cell-<span class="hlt">accurate</span> structure-function mapping across entire organs. PMID:29286002</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18488093','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18488093"><span>Self-<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of active head lice infestation by individuals from an impoverished community: high sensitivity and specificity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pilger, Daniel; Khakban, Adak; Heukelbach, Jorg; Feldmeier, Hermann</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>To compare sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of self-<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for head lice infestation with visual inspection, we conducted a study in an urban slum in Brazil. Individuals were asked about active head lice infestation (self-<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>); we performed visual inspection and thereafter wet combing (gold standard). Of the 175 individuals included, 77 (44%) had an active head lice infestation. For self-<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, sensitivity (80.5%), specificity (91.8%), PPV (88.6%) and NPV (85.7%) were high. Sensitivity of visual inspection was 35.1%. Public health professionals can use self-<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> as a diagnostic tool, to estimate <span class="hlt">accurately</span> prevalence of pediculosis in a community, and to monitor ongoing intervention strategies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5093273','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5093273"><span>Optical Coherence Tomography as a Biomarker for <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span>, Progression, and Prognosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Otin, Sofia; Fuertes, Maria I.; Vilades, Elisa; Gracia, Hector; Ara, Jose R.; Alarcia, Raquel; Polo, Vicente; Larrosa, Jose M.; Pablo, Luis E.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Neurodegenerative diseases present a current challenge for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and for providing precise prognostic information. Developing imaging biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) will improve the clinical management of these patients and may be useful for monitoring treatment effectiveness. Recent research using optical coherence tomography (OCT) has demonstrated that parameters provided by this technology may be used as potential biomarkers for MS, PD, and AD. Retinal thinning has been observed in these patients and new segmentation software for the analysis of the different retinal layers may provide <span class="hlt">accurate</span> information on disease progression and prognosis. In this review we analyze the application of retinal evaluation using OCT technology to provide better understanding of the possible role of the retinal layers thickness as biomarker for the detection of these neurodegenerative pathologies. Current OCT analysis of the retinal nerve fiber layer and, specially, the ganglion cell layer thickness may be considered as a good biomarker for disease <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, severity, and progression. PMID:27840739</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29429836','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29429836"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and treatment of orofacial pain in a patient with unserviceable complete dentures: A clinical report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Selecman, Audrey M; Ahuja, Swati A</p> <p>2018-02-08</p> <p>An ill-fitting complete denture has the potential to create pain and discomfort as well as conceal or confound the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of other primary sources of orofacial pain such as trigeminal neuralgia. Guidelines of the American Academy of Orofacial Pain offer an evidence-based approach for the assessment, <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, and management of orofacial pain. A complete and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is paramount to the success of treatment as well as to the circumvention of unnecessary therapy. The purpose of this clinical report was to emphasize an evidence-based approach to the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment of orofacial pain in a patient with edentulism and a history of prolonged denture wear. Copyright © 2017 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23902102','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23902102"><span>System to measure <span class="hlt">accurate</span> temperature <span class="hlt">dependence</span> of electric conductivity down to 20 K in ultrahigh vacuum.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sakai, C; Takeda, S N; Daimon, H</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>We have developed the new in situ electrical-conductivity measurement system which can be operated in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) with <span class="hlt">accurate</span> temperature measurement down to 20 K. This system is mainly composed of a new sample-holder fixing mechanism, a new movable conductivity-measurement mechanism, a cryostat, and two receptors for sample- and four-probe holders. Sample-holder is pushed strongly against the receptor, which is connected to a cryostat, by using this new sample-holder fixing mechanism to obtain high thermal conductivity. Test pieces on the sample-holders have been cooled down to about 20 K using this fixing mechanism, although they were cooled down to only about 60 K without this mechanism. Four probes are able to be touched to a sample surface using this new movable conductivity-measurement mechanism for measuring electrical conductivity after making film on substrates or obtaining clean surfaces by cleavage, flashing, and so on. <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> temperature measurement is possible since the sample can be transferred with a thermocouple and∕or diode being attached directly to the sample. A single crystal of Bi-based copper oxide high-Tc superconductor (HTSC) was cleaved in UHV to obtain clean surface, and its superconducting critical temperature has been successfully measured in situ. The importance of in situ measurement of resistance in UHV was demonstrated for this HTSC before and after cesium (Cs) adsorption on its surface. The Tc onset increase and the Tc offset decrease by Cs adsorption were observed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22489679-accurate-measurements-temperature-dependence-water-vapor-self-continuum-absorption-atmospheric-window','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22489679-accurate-measurements-temperature-dependence-water-vapor-self-continuum-absorption-atmospheric-window"><span><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> measurements and temperature <span class="hlt">dependence</span> of the water vapor self-continuum absorption in the 2.1 μm atmospheric window</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ventrillard, I.; Romanini, D.; Mondelain, D.</p> <p></p> <p>In spite of its importance for the evaluation of the Earth radiative budget, thus for climate change, very few measurements of the water vapor continuum are available in the near infrared atmospheric windows especially at temperature conditions relevant for our atmosphere. In addition, as a result of the difficulty to measure weak broadband absorption signals, the few available measurements show large disagreements. We report here <span class="hlt">accurate</span> measurements of the water vapor self-continuum absorption in the 2.1 μm window by Optical Feedback Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (OF-CEAS) for two spectral points located at the low energy edge and at the centermore » of the 2.1 μm transparency window, at 4302 and 4723 cm{sup −1}, respectively. Self-continuum cross sections, C{sub S}, were retrieved with a few % relative uncertainty, from the quadratic <span class="hlt">dependence</span> of the spectrum base line level measured as a function of water vapor pressure, between 0 and 16 Torr. At 296 K, the C{sub S} value at 4302 cm{sup −1} is found 40% higher than predicted by the MT-CKD V2.5 model, while at 4723 cm{sup −1}, our value is 5 times larger than the MT-CKD value. On the other hand, these OF-CEAS C{sub S} values are significantly smaller than recent measurements by Fourier transform spectroscopy at room temperature. The temperature <span class="hlt">dependence</span> of the self-continuum cross sections was also investigated for temperatures between 296 K and 323 K (23-50 °C). The derived temperature variation is found to be similar to that derived from previous Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) measurements performed at higher temperatures, between 350 K and 472 K. The whole set of measurements spanning the 296-472 K temperature range follows a simple exponential law in 1/T with a slope close to the dissociation energy of the water dimer, D{sub 0} ≈ 1100 cm{sup −1}.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26248691','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26248691"><span>Accuracy of <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> codes to identify febrile young infants using administrative data.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aronson, Paul L; Williams, Derek J; Thurm, Cary; Tieder, Joel S; Alpern, Elizabeth R; Nigrovic, Lise E; Schondelmeyer, Amanda C; Balamuth, Fran; Myers, Angela L; McCulloh, Russell J; Alessandrini, Evaline A; Shah, Samir S; Browning, Whitney L; Hayes, Katie L; Feldman, Elana A; Neuman, Mark I</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Administrative data can be used to determine optimal management of febrile infants and aid clinical practice guideline development. Determine the most <span class="hlt">accurate</span> International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> coding strategies for identification of febrile infants. Retrospective cross-sectional study. Eight emergency departments in the Pediatric Health Information System. Infants aged <90 days evaluated between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2013 were randomly selected for medical record review from 1 of 4 ICD-9 <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> code groups: (1) discharge <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever, (2) admission <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever without discharge <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever, (3) discharge <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of serious infection without <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever, and (4) no <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever or serious infection. The ICD-9 <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> code groups were compared in 4 case-identification algorithms to a reference standard of fever ≥100.4°F documented in the medical record. Algorithm predictive accuracy was measured using sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values. Among 1790 medical records reviewed, 766 (42.8%) infants had fever. Discharge <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever demonstrated high specificity (98.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 97.8-98.6) but low sensitivity (53.2%, 95% CI: 50.0-56.4). A case-identification algorithm of admission or discharge <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever exhibited higher sensitivity (71.1%, 95% CI: 68.2-74.0), similar specificity (97.7%, 95% CI: 97.3-98.1), and the highest positive predictive value (86.9%, 95% CI: 84.5-89.3). A case-identification strategy that includes admission or discharge <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever should be considered for febrile infant studies using administrative data, though underclassification of patients is a potential limitation. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004SPIE.5391..512Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004SPIE.5391..512Y"><span>Harmonic wavelet packet transform for on-line system health <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yan, Ruqiang; Gao, Robert X.</p> <p>2004-07-01</p> <p>This paper presents a new approach to on-line health <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of mechanical systems, based on the wavelet packet transform. Specifically, signals acquired from vibration sensors are decomposed into sub-bands by means of the discrete harmonic wavelet packet transform (DHWPT). Based on the Fisher linear discriminant criterion, features in the selected sub-bands are then used as inputs to three classifiers (Nearest Neighbor rule-based and two Neural Network-based), for system health condition assessment. Experimental results have confirmed that, comparing to the conventional approach where statistical parameters from raw signals are used, the presented approach enabled higher signal-to-noise ratio for more effective and intelligent use of the sensory information, thus leading to more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> system health <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612523','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612523"><span>Biomarkers in rheumatic diseases: how can they facilitate <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and assessment of disease activity?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mohan, Chandra; Assassi, Shervin</p> <p>2015-11-26</p> <p>Serological and proteomic biomarkers can help clinicians diagnose rheumatic diseases earlier and assess disease activity more <span class="hlt">accurately</span>. These markers have been incorporated into the recently revised classification criteria of several diseases to enable early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and timely initiation of treatment. Furthermore, they also facilitate more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> subclassification and more focused monitoring for the detection of certain disease manifestations, such as lung and renal involvement. These biomarkers can also make the assessment of disease activity and treatment response more reliable. Simultaneously, several new serological and proteomic biomarkers have become available in the routine clinical setting--for example, a protein biomarker panel for rheumatoid arthritis and a myositis antibody panel for dermatomyositis and polymyositis. This review will focus on commercially available antibody and proteomic biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), dermatomyositis and polymyositis, and axial spondyloarthritis (including ankylosing spondylitis). It will discuss how these markers can facilitate early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> as well as more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> subclassification and assessment of disease activity in the clinical setting. The ultimate goal of current and future biomarkers in rheumatic diseases is to enable early detection of these diseases and their clinical manifestations, and to provide effective monitoring and treatment regimens that are tailored to each patient's needs and prognosis. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2015.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=hypoglycemia+AND+performance&id=ED318140','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=hypoglycemia+AND+performance&id=ED318140"><span>Intellectual Characteristics of Diabetic Children at <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and One Year Later.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Rovet, Joanne F.; And Others</p> <p></p> <p>A longitudinal investigation of neurocognitive function was conducted on 63 newly diagnosed pediatric patients with insulin-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> diabetes mellitus (IDDM) at onset of illness and 1-year post <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. The results at <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, when the children were ages 4 months to 12 years, revealed no differences compared to sibling controls, nor any…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28743473','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28743473"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and Treatment of Hardware Disease.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Miesner, Matt D; Reppert, Emily J</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Eating habits in cattle are less discriminant than other ruminants, and they more often accidentally ingest strange objects while feeding. Penetrating foreign bodies may cause mild to severe peritonitis, penetrate the diaphragm to cause pleuritis or pericarditis, or cause localized abscesses in the thorax or abdomen. Because these objects are most often metal, a common term for this problem is hardware disease. An <span class="hlt">accurate</span> history and thorough physical examination often yields a <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>; however, ancillary diagnostics can enhance accuracy and disease magnitude before exploratory surgery. Treatment encompasses controlling infection and inflammation and foreign body removal; preventive measures are emphasized. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008MSSP...22.1981W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008MSSP...22.1981W"><span>Fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for diesel valve trains based on time frequency images</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Chengdong; Zhang, Youyun; Zhong, Zhenyuan</p> <p>2008-11-01</p> <p>In this paper, the Wigner-Ville distributions (WVD) of vibration acceleration signals which were acquired from the cylinder head in eight different states of valve train were calculated and displayed in grey images; and the probabilistic neural networks (PNN) were directly used to classify the time-frequency images after the images were normalized. By this way, the fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of valve train was transferred to the classification of time-frequency images. As there is no need to extract further fault features (such as eigenvalues or symptom parameters) from time-frequency distributions before classification, the fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> process is highly simplified. The experimental results show that the faults of diesel valve trains can be classified <span class="hlt">accurately</span> by the proposed methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8925456','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8925456"><span>[Is the term "<span class="hlt">dependence</span>" appropriate?].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pavlovský, P</p> <p>1996-05-01</p> <p>The term <span class="hlt">dependence</span> is found in the International Classification of Diseases-10 only in conjunction with the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of a <span class="hlt">dependent</span> personality disorder and the substance-related syndrome. Nowhere <span class="hlt">dependence</span> not related to a substance is mentioned. At present we encounter in the press and professional literature frequently comments on <span class="hlt">dependence</span> in relation to gambling, work, television, sports activities or some hobby. From the medical aspect it is a dominating idea, i.e. rather a phenomenon within the framework of an extended standard than a symptom from the field of psychopathology. The author recommends to avoid the use of the term "<span class="hlt">dependence</span> not related to a substance" to prevent psychiatrization of common activities..</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MNSL....5...15K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MNSL....5...15K"><span>Methods to isolate extracellular vesicles for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kang, Hyejin; Kim, Jiyoon; Park, Jaesung</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound bodies that are released into extracellular space by diverse cells, and are found in body fluids like blood, urine and saliva. EVs contain RNA, DNA and proteins, which can be biomarkers for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. EVs can be obtained by minimally-invasive biopsy, so they are useful in disease <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. High yield and purity contribute to precise <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of disease, but damaged EVs and impurities can cause confu sed results. However, EV isolation methods have different yields and purities. Furthermore, the isolation method that is most suitable to maximize EV recovery efficiency <span class="hlt">depends</span> on the experimental conditions. This review focuses on merits and demerits of several types of EV isolation methods, and provides examples of how to diagnose disease by exploiting information obtained by analysis of EVs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25156332','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25156332"><span>A single centre study on birth of children with transfusion-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> thalassaemia in Malaysia and reasons for ineffective prevention.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ngim, C F; Ibrahim, H; Lai, N M; Ng, C S</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>We aimed to identify factors contributing to ineffective prevention of thalassaemia in Malaysia by studying events leading to the births of children with transfusion-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> thalassaemia (TDT) including their parents' reproductive choices. Thirty children with TDT born in the year 2005 to 2012 were included. Their parents underwent a semi-structured, face-to-face interview in 2012 and were followed up until 2014 to evaluate the actual decisions made during subsequent pregnancy. In 70% of the cases (21/30), neither parent was aware of their carrier status until their child's <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Six of the remaining nine cases did not receive <span class="hlt">accurate</span> information or support for prenatal <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and the termination option. Of the 38 parents interviewed, 20 (52.6%) indicated that they would terminate an affected pregnancy. Notably, 52.2% of Muslims supported termination. Prenatal <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was made in two of the five subsequent pregnancies, with thalassaemia traits diagnosed in both fetuses. The current poor uptake of voluntary thalassaemia screening in Malaysia and inadequate access to counselling and prenatal diagnostic services contributed to ineffective prevention. A considerable number of Malaysian Muslims may accept the termination option if given access to comprehensive genetic counselling services. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29762644','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29762644"><span>Indexed variation graphs for efficient and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> resistome profiling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rowe, Will P M; Winn, Martyn D</p> <p>2018-05-14</p> <p>Antimicrobial resistance remains a major threat to global health. Profiling the collective antimicrobial resistance genes within a metagenome (the "resistome") facilitates greater understanding of antimicrobial resistance gene diversity and dynamics. In turn, this can allow for gene surveillance, individualised treatment of bacterial infections and more sustainable use of antimicrobials. However, resistome profiling can be complicated by high similarity between reference genes, as well as the sheer volume of sequencing data and the complexity of analysis workflows. We have developed an efficient and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> method for resistome profiling that addresses these complications and improves upon currently available tools. Our method combines a variation graph representation of gene sets with an LSH Forest indexing scheme to allow for fast classification of metagenomic sequence reads using similarity-search queries. Subsequent hierarchical local alignment of classified reads against graph traversals enables <span class="hlt">accurate</span> reconstruction of full-length gene sequences using a scoring scheme. We provide our implementation, GROOT, and show it to be both faster and more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> than a current reference-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> tool for resistome profiling. GROOT runs on a laptop and can process a typical 2 gigabyte metagenome in 2 minutes using a single CPU. Our method is not restricted to resistome profiling and has the potential to improve current metagenomic workflows. GROOT is written in Go and is available at https://github.com/will-rowe/groot (MIT license). will.rowe@stfc.ac.uk. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2813467','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2813467"><span>Psychiatric Disorders in Smokers Seeking Treatment for Tobacco <span class="hlt">Dependence</span>: Relations with Tobacco <span class="hlt">Dependence</span> and Cessation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Piper, Megan E.; Smith, Stevens S.; Schlam, Tanya R.; Fleming, Michael F.; Bittrich, Amy A.; Brown, Jennifer L.; Leitzke, Cathlyn J.; Zehner, Mark E.; Fiore, Michael C.; Baker, Timothy B.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Objective The present research examined the relation of psychiatric disorders to tobacco <span class="hlt">dependence</span> and cessation outcomes. Method Data were collected from 1504 smokers (58.2% women, 83.9% white, 44.67 [SD = 11.08] years old) making an aided smoking cessation attempt as part of a clinical trial. Psychiatric diagnoses were determined using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) structured clinical interview. Tobacco <span class="hlt">dependence</span> was assessed using the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine <span class="hlt">Dependence</span> (FTND) and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking <span class="hlt">Dependence</span> Motives (WISDM). Results Diagnostic groups included those who were never diagnosed, ever diagnosed (at any time, including in the past year), and those with past-year diagnoses (with or without prior <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>). Some diagnostic groups had lower follow-up abstinence rates than did the never diagnosed group (p’s < .05). At 8 weeks post-quit, strong associations were found between cessation outcome and both past-year mood disorder and ever-diagnosed anxiety disorder. At 6 months post-quit those ever diagnosed with an anxiety disorder (OR = .72, p = .02) and those ever diagnosed with more than one psychiatric <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> (OR = .74, p = .03) had lower abstinence rates. The diagnostic categories did not differ in smoking heaviness or the FTND, but they did differ in <span class="hlt">dependence</span> motives assessed with the WISDM. Conclusion Information on recent or lifetime psychiatric disorders may help clinicians gauge relapse risk and may suggest <span class="hlt">dependence</span> motives that are particularly relevant to affected patients. These findings also illustrate the importance of using multidimensional tobacco <span class="hlt">dependence</span> assessments. PMID:20099946</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27295387','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27295387"><span>Couple relationships in families with <span class="hlt">dependent</span> children after a <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of maternal breast cancer in the United Kingdom: Perspectives from mothers and fathers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Corney, Roslyn; Puthussery, Shuby; Swinglehurst, Jane</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>This article examines the facilitators and the barriers to couple relationships in families in the UK with <span class="hlt">dependent</span> children after a <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of maternal breast cancer. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 23 participants, including 10 couples and three women whose partners did not take part. Recorded interviews were analyzed using a thematic approach identifying themes and patterns in the interview transcripts and categorizing them using a framework. Key individual and contextual factors perceived as barriers or facilitators to couple relationships included: being a "young" family with young children, frustration and resentment from male partners, women's reactions to the illness, individual communication styles, differing needs for "personal space," body image concerns, and social support. Findings indicated the need for strengthening "family focus" in services with adequate support for male partners. Health and family services should consider variability in the experiences of couples with <span class="hlt">dependent</span> children and be sensitive to the needs of partners alongside the women.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25936527','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25936527"><span>Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Comparing Pre-<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Targeted Intervention with Ontario's Autism Intervention Program.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Penner, Melanie; Rayar, Meera; Bashir, Naazish; Roberts, S Wendy; Hancock-Howard, Rebecca L; Coyte, Peter C</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>Novel management strategies for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) propose providing interventions before <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the costs and <span class="hlt">dependency</span>-free life years (DFLYs) generated by pre-<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> intensive Early Start Denver Model (ESDM-I); pre-<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> parent-delivered ESDM (ESDM-PD); and the Ontario Status Quo (SQ). The analyses took government and societal perspectives to age 65. We assigned probabilities of Independent, Semi-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> or <span class="hlt">Dependent</span> living based on projected IQ. Costs per person (in Canadian dollars) were ascribed to each living setting. From a government perspective, the ESDM-PD produced an additional 0.17 DFLYs for $8600 less than SQ. From a societal perspective, the ESDM-I produced an additional 0.53 DFLYs for $45,000 less than SQ. Pre-<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> interventions targeting ASD symptoms warrant further investigation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29033775','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29033775"><span>Preoperative <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and Surgical Approach of Appendiceal Mucinous Cystadenoma: Usefulness of Volcano Sign.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shiihara, Masahiro; Ohki, Takeshi; Yamamoto, Masakazu</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>We report a case of appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma that was successfully diagnosed preoperatively and treated by laparoscopic resection. We could find volcano sign on colonoscopy and cystic lesion without any nodules at the appendix on computed tomography (CT). Without any malignant factors in preoperative examinations, we performed laparoscopic appendectomy including the cecal wall. We could avoid performing excessive operation for cystadenoma with <span class="hlt">accurate</span> preoperative <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and intraoperative finding and pathological <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> during surgery. Appendiceal mucocele is a rare disease that is divided into 3 pathological types: hyperplasia, cystadenoma, and cystadenocarcinoma. The surgical approaches for it remain controversial and oversurgery is sometimes done for benign tumor, because preoperative <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is difficult and rupturing an appendiceal tumor results in dissemination. Based on our study, volcano sign on colonoscopy and CT findings were important for the preoperative <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of appendiceal mucocele. Furthermore, we think that laparoscopic resection will become a surgical option for the treatment of appendiceal mucocele.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JHEP...06..154A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JHEP...06..154A"><span>NNLOPS <span class="hlt">accurate</span> associated HW production</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Astill, William; Bizon, Wojciech; Re, Emanuele; Zanderighi, Giulia</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>We present a next-to-next-to-leading order <span class="hlt">accurate</span> description of associated HW production consistently matched to a parton shower. The method is based on reweighting events obtained with the HW plus one jet NLO <span class="hlt">accurate</span> calculation implemented in POWHEG, extended with the MiNLO procedure, to reproduce NNLO <span class="hlt">accurate</span> Born distributions. Since the Born kinematics is more complex than the cases treated before, we use a parametrization of the Collins-Soper angles to reduce the number of variables required for the reweighting. We present phenomenological results at 13 TeV, with cuts suggested by the Higgs Cross section Working Group.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22255397','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22255397"><span>Wireless monitoring of reconstructed 12-lead ECG in atrial fibrillation patients enables differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of recurrent arrhythmias.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vukajlovic, Dejan; Gussak, Ihor; George, Samuel; Simic, Goran; Bojovic, Bosko; Hadzievski, Ljupco; Stojanovic, Bojan; Angelkov, Lazar; Panescu, Dorin</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of symptomatic events in post-ablation atrial fibrillation (AF) patients (pts) is important; in particular, <span class="hlt">accurate</span>, reliable detection of AF or atrial flutter (AFL) is essential. However, existing remote monitoring devices usually require attached leads and are not suitable for prolonged monitoring; moreover, most do not provide sufficient information to assess atrial activity, since they generally monitor only 1-3 ECG leads and rely on RR interval variability for AF <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. A new hand-held, wireless, symptom-activated event monitor (CardioBip; CB) does not require attached leads and hence can be conveniently used for extended periods. Moreover, CB provides data that enables remote reconstruction of full 12-lead ECG data including atrial signal information. We hypothesized that these CB features would enable <span class="hlt">accurate</span> remote differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of symptomatic arrhythmias in post-ablation AF pts. 21 pts who underwent catheter ablation for AF were instructed to make a CB transmission (TX) whenever palpitations, lightheadedness, or similar symptoms occurred, and at multiple times daily when asymptomatic, during a 60 day post-ablation time period. CB transmissions (TXs) were analyzed blindly by 2 expert readers, with differences adjudicated by consensus. 7 pts had no symptomatic episodes during the monitoring period. 14 of 21 pts had symptomatic events and made a total of 1699 TX, 164 of which were during symptoms. TX quality was acceptable for rhythm <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and atrial activity in 96%. 118 TX from 10 symptomatic pts showed AF (96 TX from 10 pts) or AFL (22 TX from 3 pts), and 46 TX from 9 pts showed frequent PACs or PVCs. No other arrhythmias were detected. Five pts made symptomatic TX during AF/AFL and also during PACs/PVCs. Use of CB during symptomatic episodes enabled detection and differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of symptomatic arrhythmias. The ability of CB to provide <span class="hlt">accurate</span> reconstruction of 12 L ECGs including atrial activity, combined</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19960000402&hterms=spices&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dspices','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19960000402&hterms=spices&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dspices"><span>Artificial neural network application for space station power system fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Momoh, James A.; Oliver, Walter E.; Dias, Lakshman G.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>This study presents a methodology for fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> using a Two-Stage Artificial Neural Network Clustering Algorithm. Previously, SPICE models of a 5-bus DC power distribution system with assumed constant output power during contingencies from the DDCU were used to evaluate the ANN's fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> capabilities. This on-going study uses EMTP models of the components (distribution lines, SPDU, TPDU, loads) and power sources (DDCU) of Space Station Alpha's electrical Power Distribution System as a basis for the ANN fault diagnostic tool. The results from the two studies are contrasted. In the event of a major fault, ground controllers need the ability to identify the type of fault, isolate the fault to the orbital replaceable unit level and provide the necessary information for the power management expert system to optimally determine a degraded-mode load schedule. To accomplish these goals, the electrical power distribution system's architecture can be subdivided into three major classes: DC-DC converter to loads, DC Switching Unit (DCSU) to Main bus Switching Unit (MBSU), and Power Sources to DCSU. Each class which has its own electrical characteristics and operations, requires a unique fault analysis philosophy. This study identifies these philosophies as Riddles 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The results of the on-going study addresses Riddle-1. It is concluded in this study that the combination of the EMTP models of the DDCU, distribution cables and electrical loads yields a more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> model of the behavior and in addition yielded more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> using ANN versus the results obtained with the SPICE models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847022','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847022"><span>Imaging spectrum of cholangiocarcinoma: role in <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, staging, and posttreatment evaluation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mar, Winnie A; Shon, Andrew M; Lu, Yang; Yu, Jonathan H; Berggruen, Senta M; Guzman, Grace; Ray, Charles E; Miller, Frank</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>Cholangiocarcinoma, a tumor of biliary epithelium, is increasing in incidence. The imaging appearance, behavior, and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma differ according to its location and morphology. Cholangiocarcinoma is usually classified as intrahepatic, perihilar, or distal. The three morphologies are mass-forming, periductal sclerosing, and intraductal growing. As surgical resection is the only cure, prompt <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> staging is crucial. In staging, vascular involvement, longitudinal spread, and lymphadenopathy are important to assess. The role of liver transplantation for unresectable peripheral cholangiocarcinoma will be discussed. Locoregional therapy can extend survival for those with unresectable intrahepatic tumors. The main risk factors predisposing to cholangiocarcinoma are parasitic infections, primary sclerosing cholangitis, choledochal cysts, and viral hepatitis. Several inflammatory conditions can mimic cholangiocarcinoma, including IgG4 disease, sclerosing cholangitis, Mirizzi's syndrome, and recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. The role of PET in <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and staging will also be discussed. Radiologists play a crucial role in <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, staging, and treatment of this disease.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4715646','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4715646"><span>Accuracy of <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> Codes to Identify Febrile Young Infants Using Administrative Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Aronson, Paul L.; Williams, Derek J.; Thurm, Cary; Tieder, Joel S.; Alpern, Elizabeth R.; Nigrovic, Lise E.; Schondelmeyer, Amanda C.; Balamuth, Fran; Myers, Angela L.; McCulloh, Russell J.; Alessandrini, Evaline A.; Shah, Samir S.; Browning, Whitney L.; Hayes, Katie L.; Feldman, Elana A.; Neuman, Mark I.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Background Administrative data can be used to determine optimal management of febrile infants and aid clinical practice guideline development. Objective Determine the most <span class="hlt">accurate</span> International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9) <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> coding strategies for identification of febrile infants. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Eight emergency departments in the Pediatric Health Information System. Patients Infants age < 90 days evaluated between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2013 were randomly selected for medical record review from one of four ICD-9 <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> code groups: 1) discharge <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever, 2) admission <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever without discharge <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever, 3) discharge <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of serious infection without <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever, and 4) no <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever or serious infection. Exposure The ICD-9 <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> code groups were compared in four case-identification algorithms to a reference standard of fever ≥ 100.4°F documented in the medical record. Measurements Algorithm predictive accuracy was measured using sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values. Results Among 1790 medical records reviewed, 766 (42.8%) infants had fever. Discharge <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever demonstrated high specificity (98.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 97.8-98.6) but low sensitivity (53.2%, 95% CI: 50.0-56.4). A case-identification algorithm of admission or discharge <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever exhibited higher sensitivity (71.1%, 95% CI: 68.2-74.0), similar specificity (97.7%, 95% CI: 97.3-98.1), and the highest positive predictive value (86.9%, 95% CI: 84.5-89.3). Conclusions A case-identification strategy that includes admission or discharge <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of fever should be considered for febrile infant studies using administrative data, though under-classification of patients is a potential limitation. PMID:26248691</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901266','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901266"><span>Audit of deaths less than a week after admission through an emergency department: how <span class="hlt">accurate</span> was the ED <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and were any deaths preventable?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nafsi, Tabassum; Russell, Rob; Reid, Cilla M; Rizvi, Syed M M</p> <p>2007-10-01</p> <p>To review the causes of death in patients admitted via the emergency department (ED) who died within 7 days of admission and to identify any ways in which ED care could have been better. The study also aims to compare the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> made in the ED and the mortality <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. A retrospective study; subjects were all patients who attended the ED over 4 months and died within 7 days of admission. The paramedics' notes, ED case cards, inpatient medical notes and details of postmortem findings were examined to identify the time and date of arrival in the ED, presenting complaint, provisional <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> made by the ED, treatment plan devised by the ED, <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> made in wards, and the cause of death as issued on death certificates or from postmortem findings. Summary sheets of cases where the care provided by the emergency department could have been improved were reviewed, errors were identified and deaths were classified as preventable or unpreventable. Database revealed 3521 admissions via the ED over 4 months, of which 95 cases (2.69%) died within 7 days of admission. 78 patients (82.1% of cases) were appropriately diagnosed and managed whereas 17 (17.87% of cases) were identified with deficiencies in either the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> or the management provided in the ED. We reviewed the quality of care provided in the ED for these cases and rated deaths according to our preventability criteria: 5 (5.26%) deaths were unpreventable despite the deficiency in care provided in the ED; 3 (3.15%) deaths were definitely preventable; 3 (3.15%) were probably preventable; and 6 (6.31%) were possibly preventable deaths. The ED is playing a good role in the management of critically ill patients, with appropriate <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and management in 82% of cases. Training of junior doctors is required to prevent occurrence of errors and thus preventable deaths, but all deaths are not preventable. New guidelines for sepsis management and management of undifferentiated clinical presentations are being</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28711173','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28711173"><span>Presymptomatic <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Through Newborn Screening.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chien, Yin-Hsiu; Chiang, Shu-Chuan; Weng, Wen-Chin; Lee, Ni-Chung; Lin, Ching-Jie; Hsieh, Wu-Shiun; Lee, Wang-Tso; Jong, Yuh-Jyh; Ko, Tsang-Ming; Hwu, Wuh-Liang</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>To demonstrate the feasibility of presymptomatic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) through newborn screening (NBS). We performed a screening trial to assess all newborns who underwent routine newborn metabolic screening at the National Taiwan University Hospital newborn screening center between November 2014 and September 2016. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) genotyping assay for the SMN1/SMN2 intron 7 c.888+100A/G polymorphism was performed to detect homozygous SMN1 deletion using dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Then the exon 7 c.840C>T mutation and SMN2 copy number were determined by both droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) using the original screening DBS and multiplex ligation-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> probe amplification (MLPA) using a whole blood sample. Of the 120 267 newborns, 15 tested positive according to the RT-PCR assay. The DBS ddPCR assay excluded 8 false-positives, and the other 7 patients were confirmed by the MLPA assay. Inclusion of the second-tier DBS ddPCR screening assay resulted in a positive prediction value of 100%. The incidence of SMA was 1 in 17 181 (95% CI, 1 in 8323 to 1 in 35 468). Two of the 3 patients with 2 copies of SMN2 and all 4 patients with 3 or 4 copies of SMN2 were asymptomatic at the time of <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Five of the 8 false-positives were caused by intragenic recombination between SMN1 and SMN2. Newborn screening can detect patients affected by SMA before symptom onset and enable early therapeutic intervention. A combination of a RT-PCR and a second-tier ddPCR can <span class="hlt">accurately</span> diagnose SMA from DBS samples with no false-positives. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02123186. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29187159','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29187159"><span>Decision tree for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> infection timing in individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Verhofstede, Chris; Fransen, Katrien; Van Den Heuvel, Annelies; Van Laethem, Kristel; Ruelle, Jean; Vancutsem, Ellen; Stoffels, Karolien; Van den Wijngaert, Sigi; Delforge, Marie-Luce; Vaira, Dolores; Hebberecht, Laura; Schauvliege, Marlies; Mortier, Virginie; Dauwe, Kenny; Callens, Steven</p> <p>2017-11-29</p> <p>There is today no gold standard method to <span class="hlt">accurately</span> define the time passed since infection at HIV <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Infection timing and incidence measurement is however essential to better monitor the dynamics of local epidemics and the effect of prevention initiatives. Three methods for infection timing were evaluated using 237 serial samples from documented seroconversions and 566 cross sectional samples from newly diagnosed patients: identification of antibodies against the HIV p31 protein in INNO-LIA, SediaTM BED CEIA and SediaTM LAg-Avidity EIA. A multi-assay decision tree for infection timing was developed. Clear differences in recency window between BED CEIA, LAg-Avidity EIA and p31 antibody presence were observed with a switch from recent to long term infection a median of 169.5, 108.0 and 64.5 days after collection of the pre-seroconversion sample respectively. BED showed high reliability for identification of long term infections while LAg-Avidity is highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span> for identification of recent infections. Using BED as initial assay to identify the long term infections and LAg-Avidity as a confirmatory assay for those classified as recent infection by BED, explores the strengths of both while reduces the workload. The short recency window of p31 antibodies allows to discriminate very early from early infections based on this marker. BED recent infection results not confirmed by LAg-Avidity are considered to reflect a period more distant from the infection time. False recency predictions in this group can be minimized by elimination of patients with a CD4 count of less than 100 cells/mm3 or without no p31 antibodies. For 566 cross sectional sample the outcome of the decision tree confirmed the infection timing based on the results of all 3 markers but reduced the overall cost from 13.2 USD to 5.2 USD per sample. A step-wise multi assay decision tree allows <span class="hlt">accurate</span> timing of the HIV infection at <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> at affordable effort and cost and can be an important</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA597898','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA597898"><span><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Arabic Script Language/Dialect Classification</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Army Research Laboratory <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Arabic Script Language/Dialect Classification by Stephen C. Tratz ARL-TR-6761 January 2014 Approved for public...1197 ARL-TR-6761 January 2014 <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Arabic Script Language/Dialect Classification Stephen C. Tratz Computational and Information Sciences...Include area code) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 January 2014 Final <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Arabic Script Language/Dialect Classification</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9784E..2GM','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9784E..2GM"><span><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> airway segmentation based on intensity structure analysis and graph-cut</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Meng, Qier; Kitsaka, Takayuki; Nimura, Yukitaka; Oda, Masahiro; Mori, Kensaku</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>This paper presents a novel airway segmentation method based on intensity structure analysis and graph-cut. Airway segmentation is an important step in analyzing chest CT volumes for computerized lung cancer detection, emphysema <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, asthma <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, and pre- and intra-operative bronchoscope navigation. However, obtaining a complete 3-D airway tree structure from a CT volume is quite challenging. Several researchers have proposed automated algorithms basically based on region growing and machine learning techniques. However these methods failed to detect the peripheral bronchi branches. They caused a large amount of leakage. This paper presents a novel approach that permits more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> extraction of complex bronchial airway region. Our method are composed of three steps. First, the Hessian analysis is utilized for enhancing the line-like structure in CT volumes, then a multiscale cavity-enhancement filter is employed to detect the cavity-like structure from the previous enhanced result. In the second step, we utilize the support vector machine (SVM) to construct a classifier for removing the FP regions generated. Finally, the graph-cut algorithm is utilized to connect all of the candidate voxels to form an integrated airway tree. We applied this method to sixteen cases of 3D chest CT volumes. The results showed that the branch detection rate of this method can reach about 77.7% without leaking into the lung parenchyma areas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25168118','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25168118"><span>Investigation of mass <span class="hlt">dependence</span> effects for the <span class="hlt">accurate</span> determination of molybdenum isotope amount ratios by MC-ICP-MS using synthetic isotope mixtures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Malinovsky, Dmitry; Dunn, Philip J H; Petrov, Panayot; Goenaga-Infante, Heidi</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Methodology for absolute Mo isotope amount ratio measurements by multicollector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) using calibration with synthetic isotope mixtures (SIMs) is presented. For the first time, synthetic isotope mixtures prepared from seven commercially available isotopically enriched molybdenum metal powders ((92)Mo, (94)Mo, (95)Mo, (96)Mo, (97)Mo, (98)Mo, and (100)Mo) are used to investigate whether instrumental mass discrimination of Mo isotopes in MC-ICP-MS is consistent with mass-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> isotope distribution. The parent materials were dissolved and mixed as solutions to obtain mixtures with <span class="hlt">accurately</span> known isotope amount ratios. The level of elemental impurities in the isotopically enriched molybdenum metal powders was quantified by ICP-MS by using both high-resolution and reaction cell instruments to completely resolve spectral interferences. The Mo isotope amount ratio values with expanded uncertainty (k = 2), determined by MC-ICP-MS for a high-purity Mo rod from Johnson Matthey, were as follows: (92)Mo/(95)Mo = 0.9235(9), (94)Mo/(95)Mo = 0.5785(8), (96)Mo/(95)Mo = 1.0503(9), (97)Mo/(95)Mo = 0.6033(6), (98)Mo/(95)Mo = 1.5291(20), and (100)Mo/(95)Mo = 0.6130(7). A full uncertainty budget for the measurements is presented which shows that the largest contribution to the uncertainty budget comes from correction for elemental impurities (∼51%), followed by the contribution from weighing operations (∼26 %). The atomic weight of molybdenum was calculated to be 95.947(2); the uncertainty in parentheses is expanded uncertainty with the coverage factor of 2. A particular advantage of the developed method is that calibration factors for all six Mo isotope amount ratios, involving the (95)Mo isotope, were experimentally determined. This allows avoiding any assumption on mass-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> isotope fractions in MC-ICP-MS, inherent to the method of double spike previously used for Mo isotope amount ratio</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010IEITE..91..968Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010IEITE..91..968Y"><span><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Modeling Method for Cu Interconnect</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yamada, Kenta; Kitahara, Hiroshi; Asai, Yoshihiko; Sakamoto, Hideo; Okada, Norio; Yasuda, Makoto; Oda, Noriaki; Sakurai, Michio; Hiroi, Masayuki; Takewaki, Toshiyuki; Ohnishi, Sadayuki; Iguchi, Manabu; Minda, Hiroyasu; Suzuki, Mieko</p> <p></p> <p>This paper proposes an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> modeling method of the copper interconnect cross-section in which the width and thickness <span class="hlt">dependence</span> on layout patterns and density caused by processes (CMP, etching, sputtering, lithography, and so on) are fully, incorporated and universally expressed. In addition, we have developed specific test patterns for the model parameters extraction, and an efficient extraction flow. We have extracted the model parameters for 0.15μm CMOS using this method and confirmed that 10%τpd error normally observed with conventional LPE (Layout Parameters Extraction) was completely dissolved. Moreover, it is verified that the model can be applied to more advanced technologies (90nm, 65nm and 55nm CMOS). Since the interconnect delay variations due to the processes constitute a significant part of what have conventionally been treated as random variations, use of the proposed model could enable one to greatly narrow the guardbands required to guarantee a desired yield, thereby facilitating design closure.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18681641','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18681641"><span>Energy-switching potential energy surface for the water molecule revisited: A highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span> singled-sheeted form.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Galvão, B R L; Rodrigues, S P J; Varandas, A J C</p> <p>2008-07-28</p> <p>A global ab initio potential energy surface is proposed for the water molecule by energy-switching/merging a highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span> isotope-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> local potential function reported by Polyansky et al. [Science 299, 539 (2003)] with a global form of the many-body expansion type suitably adapted to account explicitly for the dynamical correlation and parametrized from extensive <span class="hlt">accurate</span> multireference configuration interaction energies extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. The new function mimics also the complicated Sigma/Pi crossing that arises at linear geometries of the water molecule.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2669648','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2669648"><span>Syndrome <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span>: Human Intuition or Machine Intelligence?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Braaten, Øivind; Friestad, Johannes</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to investigate whether artificial intelligence methods can represent objective methods that are essential in syndrome <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Most syndromes have no external criterion standard of <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. The predictive value of a clinical sign used in <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is <span class="hlt">dependent</span> on the prior probability of the syndrome <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Clinicians often misjudge the probabilities involved. Syndromology needs objective methods to ensure diagnostic consistency, and take prior probabilities into account. We applied two basic artificial intelligence methods to a database of machine-generated patients - a ‘vector method’ and a set method. As reference methods we ran an ID3 algorithm, a cluster analysis and a naive Bayes’ calculation on the same patient series. The overall diagnostic error rate for the the vector algorithm was 0.93%, and for the ID3 0.97%. For the clinical signs found by the set method, the predictive values varied between 0.71 and 1.0. The artificial intelligence methods that we used, proved simple, robust and powerful, and represent objective diagnostic methods. PMID:19415142</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19415142','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19415142"><span>Syndrome <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>: human intuition or machine intelligence?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Braaten, Oivind; Friestad, Johannes</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to investigate whether artificial intelligence methods can represent objective methods that are essential in syndrome <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Most syndromes have no external criterion standard of <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. The predictive value of a clinical sign used in <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is <span class="hlt">dependent</span> on the prior probability of the syndrome <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Clinicians often misjudge the probabilities involved. Syndromology needs objective methods to ensure diagnostic consistency, and take prior probabilities into account. We applied two basic artificial intelligence methods to a database of machine-generated patients - a 'vector method' and a set method. As reference methods we ran an ID3 algorithm, a cluster analysis and a naive Bayes' calculation on the same patient series. The overall diagnostic error rate for the the vector algorithm was 0.93%, and for the ID3 0.97%. For the clinical signs found by the set method, the predictive values varied between 0.71 and 1.0. The artificial intelligence methods that we used, proved simple, robust and powerful, and represent objective diagnostic methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4419970','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4419970"><span>Development and Evaluation of Reference Standards for Image-based Telemedicine <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and Clinical Research Studies in Ophthalmology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ryan, Michael C.; Ostmo, Susan; Jonas, Karyn; Berrocal, Audina; Drenser, Kimberly; Horowitz, Jason; Lee, Thomas C.; Simmons, Charles; Martinez-Castellanos, Maria-Ana; Chan, R.V. Paul; Chiang, Michael F.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Information systems managing image-based data for telemedicine or clinical research applications require a reference standard representing the correct <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> reference standards are difficult to establish because of imperfect agreement among physicians, and discrepancies between clinical vs. image-based <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. This study is designed to describe the development and evaluation of reference standards for image-based <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, which combine diagnostic impressions of multiple image readers with the actual clinical diagnoses. We show that agreement between image reading and clinical examinations was imperfect (689 [32%] discrepancies in 2148 image readings), as was inter-reader agreement (kappa 0.490-0.652). This was improved by establishing an image-based reference standard defined as the majority <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> given by three readers (13% discrepancies with image readers). It was further improved by establishing an overall reference standard that incorporated the clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> (10% discrepancies with image readers). These principles of establishing reference standards may be applied to improve robustness of real-world systems supporting image-based <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. PMID:25954463</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21941960','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21941960"><span>Hysteroscopic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of uterine sarcomas at the Department of Gynaecology, Sant Joan de Déu University Hospital.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gonzalez-Bosquet, E; Suñol, M; Torralba, A; Lozada, C; Miñano, J; Lailla, J M</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Uterine sarcomas are rare and the clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of sarcoma is difficult. Diagnostic and surgical hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure that makes an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of malignant intrauterine pathology and could play a role in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of the uterine sarcomas. Uterine sarcomas diagnosed at the Department of Gynecology of Sant Joan University Hospital by hysteroscopy between January 2004 and August 2010 are described. In this period 2,441 hysteroscopies were performed; a total of 67 adenocarcinomas of the endometrium and five sarcomas were diagnosed by hysteroscopy. The data are presented with a review of the literature, focusing on the diagnostic value of hysteroscopy in these tumors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SPIE10696E..2IT','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SPIE10696E..2IT"><span>Ontology based decision system for breast cancer <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Trabelsi Ben Ameur, Soumaya; Cloppet, Florence; Wendling, Laurent; Sellami, Dorra</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>In this paper, we focus on analysis and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of breast masses inspired by expert concepts and rules. Accordingly, a Bag of Words is built based on the ontology of breast cancer <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, <span class="hlt">accurately</span> described in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. To fill the gap between low level knowledge and expert concepts, a semantic annotation is developed using a machine learning tool. Then, breast masses are classified into benign or malignant according to expert rules implicitly modeled with a set of classifiers (KNN, ANN, SVM and Decision Tree). This semantic context of analysis offers a frame where we can include external factors and other meta-knowledge such as patient risk factors as well as exploiting more than one modality. Based on MRI and DECEDM modalities, our developed system leads a recognition rate of 99.7% with Decision Tree where an improvement of 24.7 % is obtained owing to semantic analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11575871','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11575871"><span>Exfoliative cytology: a helpful tool for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of paracoccidioidomycosis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cardoso, S V; Moreti, M M; Costa, I M; Loyola, A M</p> <p>2001-07-01</p> <p>To describe the main cytological findings associated with smears collected from oral lesions of paracoccidioidomycosis and to appraise the use of cytology as a diagnostic tool for the disease. Cytological smears and biopsies were collected from 40 lesions with a clinical suspicion of paracoccidioidomycosis. Evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy and the positive likeness ratio of the oral smear when compared with the histological <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, was performed. The latter is considered the 'gold standard' for comparison. The main morphological findings were the rounded-shaped, birefringent and multiple-budded fungi, Langhans' giant cells and epithelioid cells. The following associative measures were found: sensitivity, 67.9%; specificity, 91.7%; positive predictive value, 95.0%; negative predictive value, 55.0%; accuracy, 75.0%; and positive likeness ratio, 8.14. The cytological findings of paracoccidioidomycosis are characteristic and cytology is <span class="hlt">accurate</span> in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of the disease. Positive patients should be treated. Negative patients should be submitted to biopsy to confirm or to dismiss the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of this mycosis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29293468','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29293468"><span>The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of plant pathogenic bacteria: a state of art.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Scala, Valeria; Pucci, Nicoletta; Loreti, Stefania</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Plant protection plays an important role in agriculture for the food quality and quantity. The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of plant diseases and the identification of the pathogens are essential prerequisites for their understanding and control. Among the plant pests, the bacterial pathogens have devastating effects on plant productivity and yield. Different techniques (microscopy, serology, biochemical, physiological, molecular tools and culture propagation) are currently used to detect and identify bacterial pathogens. Detection and identification are critical steps for the appropriate application of phytosanitary measures. The "harmonization of phytosanitary regulations and all other areas of official plant protection action" mean the good practices for plant protection and plant material certification. The prevention of diseases progression and spread by early detection are a valuable strategy for proper pest management and disease control. For this purpose, innovative methods aim achieving results within a shorter time and higher performance, to provide rapidly, <span class="hlt">accurately</span> and reliably <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. In this review, we focus on the techniques for plant bacterial <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and on the regulations for harmonizing plant protection issue.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25728568','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25728568"><span>How <span class="hlt">accurate</span> are orthopedic surgeons in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection after total knee arthroplasty?: A multicenter study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Koh, In Jun; Cho, Woo-Shin; Choi, Nam Yong; Parvizi, Javad; Kim, Tae Kyun</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>The lack of standardized diagnostic criteria for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) poses a challenge to <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PJI. Recently, the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) proposed diagnostic criteria for PJI. However, it is not known how well these proposed criteria accommodate real clinical scenarios. We determined what proportion of patients satisfied the MSIS criteria, and if MSIS criteria were not met, what other rationales were used to diagnose PJI. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 303 patients who underwent two-stage exchange arthroplasty for treatment of PJI of the knee at 17 institutions. The rationale for making the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PJI was also recorded, if the case did not meet the MSIS criteria. In addition, detailed information about isolated microorganisms were gathered. Among the 303 patients, 198 met the diagnostic criteria proposed by MSIS. Among the 105 patients who did not meet the MSIS criteria, 88% met two or three minor criteria; however joint fluid analysis or histologic analysis was not performed in 85% of these 105 patients. The most common rationale for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PJI was the presence of abnormal physical findings. Microorganisms were identified in only 52% of all patients; the most common organism was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PJI was based on clinical suspicion in approximately one-third of cases. In this series, joint aspiration or histological analysis was not performed in a large number of patients. Thus, surgeons should perform joint fluid and histologic analysis to assure the accuracy of PJI <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007OptRv..14..255W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007OptRv..14..255W"><span>A Highly <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Face Recognition System Using Filtering Correlation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Watanabe, Eriko; Ishikawa, Sayuri; Kodate, Kashiko</p> <p>2007-09-01</p> <p>The authors previously constructed a highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span> fast face recognition optical correlator (FARCO) [E. Watanabe and K. Kodate: Opt. Rev. 12 (2005) 460], and subsequently developed an improved, super high-speed FARCO (S-FARCO), which is able to process several hundred thousand frames per second. The principal advantage of our new system is its wide applicability to any correlation scheme. Three different configurations were proposed, each <span class="hlt">depending</span> on correlation speed. This paper describes and evaluates a software correlation filter. The face recognition function proved highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span>, seeing that a low-resolution facial image size (64 × 64 pixels) has been successfully implemented. An operation speed of less than 10 ms was achieved using a personal computer with a central processing unit (CPU) of 3 GHz and 2 GB memory. When we applied the software correlation filter to a high-security cellular phone face recognition system, experiments on 30 female students over a period of three months yielded low error rates: 0% false acceptance rate and 2% false rejection rate. Therefore, the filtering correlation works effectively when applied to low resolution images such as web-based images or faces captured by a monitoring camera.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SPIE.8485E..0IM','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SPIE.8485E..0IM"><span>Reverse radiance: a fast <span class="hlt">accurate</span> method for determining luminance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Moore, Kenneth E.; Rykowski, Ronald F.; Gangadhara, Sanjay</p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>Reverse ray tracing from a region of interest backward to the source has long been proposed as an efficient method of determining luminous flux. The idea is to trace rays only from where the final flux needs to be known back to the source, rather than tracing in the forward direction from the source outward to see where the light goes. Once the reverse ray reaches the source, the radiance the equivalent forward ray would have represented is determined and the resulting flux computed. Although reverse ray tracing is conceptually simple, the method critically <span class="hlt">depends</span> upon an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> source model in both the near and far field. An overly simplified source model, such as an ideal Lambertian surface substantially detracts from the accuracy and thus benefit of the method. This paper will introduce an improved method of reverse ray tracing that we call Reverse Radiance that avoids assumptions about the source properties. The new method uses measured data from a Source Imaging Goniometer (SIG) that simultaneously measures near and far field luminous data. Incorporating this data into a fast reverse ray tracing integration method yields fast, <span class="hlt">accurate</span> data for a wide variety of illumination problems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27480748','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27480748"><span>An immune-inspired semi-supervised algorithm for breast cancer <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Peng, Lingxi; Chen, Wenbin; Zhou, Wubai; Li, Fufang; Yang, Jin; Zhang, Jiandong</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Breast cancer is the most frequently and world widely diagnosed life-threatening cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death among women. Early <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> can be a big plus in treating breast cancer. Researchers have approached this problem using various data mining and machine learning techniques such as support vector machine, artificial neural network, etc. The computer immunology is also an intelligent method inspired by biological immune system, which has been successfully applied in pattern recognition, combination optimization, machine learning, etc. However, most of these <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> methods belong to a supervised <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> method. It is very expensive to obtain labeled data in biology and medicine. In this paper, we seamlessly integrate the state-of-the-art research on life science with artificial intelligence, and propose a semi-supervised learning algorithm to reduce the need for labeled data. We use two well-known benchmark breast cancer datasets in our study, which are acquired from the UCI machine learning repository. Extensive experiments are conducted and evaluated on those two datasets. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed algorithm, which proves that our algorithm is a promising automatic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> method for breast cancer. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28559718','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28559718"><span>Clinical presentation of retinoblastoma in Alexandria: A step toward earlier <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Soliman, Sameh E; Eldomiaty, Wesam; Goweida, Mohamed B; Dowidar, Amgad</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>To evaluate the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma in Alexandria, Egypt, correlate the timing of <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> with the presence of advanced disease and identify causes of delayed presentation. Retrospective noncomparative single institution study reviews demographic and clinical data of all new children with retinoblastoma presenting to Alexandria Main University ocular oncology clinic (OOC) from January 2012 to June 2014. <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> time was from initial parental complaint to retinoblastoma <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and referral time was from retinoblastoma <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> to presentation to the Alexandria OCC. Delayed <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and referral were counted if >2 weeks. Advanced presentation is defined as clinical TNMH (8th edition) staging of cT2 or cT3 (international intraocular retinoblastoma classification group D or E) in at least one eye or the presence of extra-ocular disease (cT4). Seventy eyes of 47 children were eligible: 52% unilateral, 7% with family history and 96% presented with leukocorea. Sixty-four percent of children had advanced intraocular disease and none had extra-ocular disease. Delayed presentation occurred in 58% of children and was significantly associated with advanced disease in both unilaterally and bilaterally affected children (p = 0.003, 0.002 respectively). The delay in <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was more in unilateral cases while the delay in referral was more in bilateral cases. The main cause of delayed presentation in unilateral retinoblastoma was misdiagnosis (30%) while parental shopping for second medical opinion (30%) was the main cause in bilateral children. Delayed <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is a problem affecting retinoblastoma management. Better medical education and training, health education and earlier screening are recommended to achieve earlier <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26635643','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26635643"><span>Why the <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Matters.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hamed, Alaa M; Kauer, Aaron J; Stevens, Hanna E</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and challenging childhood neurobehavioral disorders. ADHD is known to negatively impact children, their families, and their community. About one-third to one-half of patients with ADHD will have persistent symptoms into adulthood. The prevalence in the United States is estimated at 5-11%, representing 6.4 million children nationwide. The variability in the prevalence of ADHD worldwide and within the US may be due to the wide range of factors that affect <span class="hlt">accurate</span> assessment of children and youth. Because of these obstacles to assessment, ADHD is under-diagnosed, misdiagnosed, and undertreated. We examined factors associated with making and receiving the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of ADHD. We sought to review the consequences of a lack of <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment for ADHD on children's and adolescent's lives and how their families and the community may be involved in these consequences. We reviewed scientific articles looking for factors that impact the identification and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of ADHD and articles that demonstrate naturalistic outcomes of <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment. The data bases PubMed and Google scholar were searched from the year 1995 to 2015 using the search terms "ADHD, <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, outcomes." We then reviewed abstracts and reference lists within those articles to rule out or rule in these or other articles. Multiple factors have significant impact in the identification and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of ADHD including parents, healthcare providers, teachers, and aspects of the environment. Only a few studies detailed the impact of not diagnosing ADHD, with unclear consequences independent of treatment. A more significant number of studies have examined the impact of untreated ADHD. The experience around receiving a <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> described by individuals with ADHD provides some additional insights. ADHD <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is influenced by perceptions of many different members of a child's community. A lack of clear understanding of ADHD</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27323543','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27323543"><span>[RARE DISEASES DTC: <span class="hlt">DIAGNOSIS</span>, TREATMENT AND CARE].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mendlovic, Joseph; Barash, Hila; Yardeni, Hadar; Banet-Levi, Yonit; Yonath, Hagith; Raas-Rothschild, Annick</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Rare diseases are chronic, progressive genetic disorders, which affect around 6-8% of the general population, mainly children. Therefore, in Israel approximately 500,000 people are probably affected by a rare disease. In this article, we review some of the issues pertaining to rare diseases, such as the need for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> which is necessary not only for specific care and treatment but also for informed family planning. In addition, we review the impact of the activities of patients' organizations on the awareness of rare diseases and their involvement in the creation of the Orphan Drug Act, which was the leading point on the way to drug development worldwide. During the last few years networks for reaching leading specialists' opinions on the way to proper <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> were created. Thereafter, the next generation genetic technologies, such as exome sequencing, have been a revolution in terms of options and hope for patients with rare undiagnosed diseases. Patients with rare diseases and their families are a challenge to the health care system, not only in terms of <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and therapy, but also in terms of special needs. In addition, deciphering molecular pathways of rare diseases might be the key for understanding molecular events involved in common disorders. We emphasize the duty to ensure appropriate capacity and equal access to follow-up and clinical management of patients with rare diseases in Israel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title38-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title38-vol1-sec4-46.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title38-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title38-vol1-sec4-46.pdf"><span>38 CFR 4.46 - <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> measurement.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... RATING DISABILITIES Disability Ratings The Musculoskeletal System § 4.46 <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> measurement. <span class="hlt">Accurate</span>... indispensable in examinations conducted within the Department of Veterans Affairs. Muscle atrophy must also be...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title38-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title38-vol1-sec4-46.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title38-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title38-vol1-sec4-46.pdf"><span>38 CFR 4.46 - <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> measurement.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... RATING DISABILITIES Disability Ratings The Musculoskeletal System § 4.46 <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> measurement. <span class="hlt">Accurate</span>... indispensable in examinations conducted within the Department of Veterans Affairs. Muscle atrophy must also be...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title38-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title38-vol1-sec4-46.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title38-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title38-vol1-sec4-46.pdf"><span>38 CFR 4.46 - <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> measurement.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... RATING DISABILITIES Disability Ratings The Musculoskeletal System § 4.46 <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> measurement. <span class="hlt">Accurate</span>... indispensable in examinations conducted within the Department of Veterans Affairs. Muscle atrophy must also be...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title38-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title38-vol1-sec4-46.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title38-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title38-vol1-sec4-46.pdf"><span>38 CFR 4.46 - <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> measurement.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... RATING DISABILITIES Disability Ratings The Musculoskeletal System § 4.46 <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> measurement. <span class="hlt">Accurate</span>... indispensable in examinations conducted within the Department of Veterans Affairs. Muscle atrophy must also be...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title38-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title38-vol1-sec4-46.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title38-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title38-vol1-sec4-46.pdf"><span>38 CFR 4.46 - <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> measurement.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... RATING DISABILITIES Disability Ratings The Musculoskeletal System § 4.46 <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> measurement. <span class="hlt">Accurate</span>... indispensable in examinations conducted within the Department of Veterans Affairs. Muscle atrophy must also be...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5054424','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5054424"><span><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> modeling of high-repetition rate ultrashort pulse amplification in optical fibers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lindberg, Robert; Zeil, Peter; Malmström, Mikael; Laurell, Fredrik; Pasiskevicius, Valdas</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>A numerical model for amplification of ultrashort pulses with high repetition rates in fiber amplifiers is presented. The pulse propagation is modeled by jointly solving the steady-state rate equations and the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which allows <span class="hlt">accurate</span> treatment of nonlinear and dispersive effects whilst considering arbitrary spatial and spectral gain <span class="hlt">dependencies</span>. Comparison of data acquired by using the developed model and experimental results prove to be in good agreement. PMID:27713496</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020034941&hterms=ab-initio&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dab-initio','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020034941&hterms=ab-initio&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dab-initio"><span>Ab Initio Potential Energy Surfaces and the Calculation of <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Vibrational Frequencies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lee, Timothy J.; Dateo, Christopher E.; Martin, Jan M. L.; Taylor, Peter R.; Langhoff, Stephen R. (Technical Monitor)</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>Due to advances in quantum mechanical methods over the last few years, it is now possible to determine ab initio potential energy surfaces in which fundamental vibrational frequencies are <span class="hlt">accurate</span> to within plus or minus 8 cm(exp -1) on average, and molecular bond distances are <span class="hlt">accurate</span> to within plus or minus 0.001-0.003 Angstroms, <span class="hlt">depending</span> on the nature of the bond. That is, the potential energy surfaces have not been scaled or empirically adjusted in any way, showing that theoretical methods have progressed to the point of being useful in analyzing spectra that are not from a tightly controlled laboratory environment, such as vibrational spectra from the interstellar medium. Some recent examples demonstrating this accuracy will be presented and discussed. These include the HNO, CH4, C2H4, and ClCN molecules. The HNO molecule is interesting due to the very large H-N anharmonicity, while ClCN has a very large Fermi resonance. The ab initio studies for the CH4 and C2H4 molecules present the first <span class="hlt">accurate</span> full quartic force fields of any kind (i.e., whether theoretical or empirical) for a five-atom and six-atom system, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=golf&pg=2&id=EJ990084','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=golf&pg=2&id=EJ990084"><span>Feedback about More <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> versus Less <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Trials: Differential Effects on Self-Confidence and Activation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Badami, Rokhsareh; VaezMousavi, Mohammad; Wulf, Gabriele; Namazizadeh, Mahdi</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>One purpose of the present study was to examine whether self-confidence or anxiety would be differentially affected by feedback from more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> rather than less <span class="hlt">accurate</span> trials. The second purpose was to determine whether arousal variations (activation) would predict performance. On Day 1, participants performed a golf putting task under one of…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25672706','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25672706"><span>[Vasculitic neuropathy: novel classification, <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kanda, Takashi</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The international standard of nomenclature and classification in vasculitis, CHCC 1994,was revised as CHCC 2012. In the first part of this review article I briefly summarized the CHCC 2012 and pointed out the changes in this revision, especially on the disorders related to vasculitic neuropathy. Notable changes include the introduction of new terms such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. In the second part, I mentioned the tips for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment of vasculitic neuropathy. Because most of the vasculitic neuropathy patients require rigorous, long-standing immunosuppressive therapy, the <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> based on the pathological detection of vasculitic changes is mandatory. In this regard, the value of sural nerve biopsy is still not ignorable. In the treatment of vascultic neuropathy, there are no controlled treatment trials and clinical practice is guided by experience from case series and indirectly by analogy with systemic vasculitis. Although combined therapy using prednisolone and cyclophosphamide is usually recommended by experts, tailor-made treatment regimen based on the conditions of each patient would produce the best outcome in vasculitic neuropathy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29419585','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29419585"><span>Application of Digital <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and Treatment Technique in Benign Mandibular Diseases.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ju, Rui; Zeng, Wei; Lian, Xiaotian; Chen, Gang; Yin, Huaqiang; Tang, Wei</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>To explore the feasibility of preoperative planning for treatment of benign mandibular lesions (BML) using digital technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, measurement, visualization as well as image contrast and design of neural positioning protection template (NPPT) in combination with 3D printing technology in the BML <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment. The 3D models of BML and inferior alveolar nerves (IAN) of 10 BML patients were reconstructed based on their digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data using MIMICS16.0 software. The models were used to visualize lesions and nerve contrast measurement and guide design of personalized NPPT and osteotomy after operation modality was determined in order to achieve <span class="hlt">accurate</span>, minimally invasive operation with shortened intraoperative time. Intraoperative NPPT application could <span class="hlt">accurately</span> locate lesions and their scope and assist osteotomy. The measurement results were consistent with those of preoperative reconstruction and measurement. The BML were curetted completely without damage IAN. The 10 BML patients had no numbness and other discomforts in the lower lip and mandibular teeth after operation. The digital <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment technology is an effective method for functional treatment of BML patients and its application could achieve personalized, minimally invasive and precise treatment and save intraoperation time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29048936','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29048936"><span>Computed tomography in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: main findings, differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and pitfalls.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dias, Olívia Meira; Baldi, Bruno Guedes; Pennati, Francesca; Aliverti, Andrea; Chate, Rodrigo Caruso; Sawamura, Márcio Valente Yamada; Carvalho, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro de; Albuquerque, André Luis Pereira de</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a disease with variable clinical presentation in which inflammation in the lung parenchyma is caused by the inhalation of specific organic antigens or low molecular weight substances in genetically susceptible individuals. Alterations of the acute, subacute and chronic forms may eventually overlap, and the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> based on temporality and presence of fibrosis (acute/inflammatory HP vs. chronic HP) seems to be more feasible and useful in clinical practice. Differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of chronic HP with other interstitial fibrotic diseases is challenging due to the overlap of the clinical history, and the functional and imaging findings of these pathologies in the terminal stages. Areas covered: This article reviews the essential features of HP with emphasis on imaging features. Moreover, the main methodological limitations of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) interpretation are discussed, as well as new perspectives with volumetric quantitative CT analysis as a useful tool for retrieving detailed and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> information from the lung parenchyma. Expert commentary: Mosaic attenuation is a prominent feature of this disease, but air trapping in chronic HP seems overestimated. Quantitative analysis has the potential to estimate the involvement of the pulmonary parenchyma more <span class="hlt">accurately</span> and could correlate better with pulmonary function results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26409529','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26409529"><span>Analysis of framelets for breast cancer <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thivya, K S; Sakthivel, P; Venkata Sai, P M</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Breast cancer is the second threatening tumor among the women. The effective way of reducing breast cancer is its early detection which helps to improve the diagnosing process. Digital mammography plays a significant role in mammogram screening at earlier stage of breast carcinoma. Even though, it is very difficult to find <span class="hlt">accurate</span> abnormality in prevalent screening by radiologists. But the possibility of precise breast cancer screening is encouraged by predicting the <span class="hlt">accurate</span> type of abnormality through Computer Aided <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> (CAD) systems. The two most important indicators of breast malignancy are microcalcifications and masses. In this study, framelet transform, a multiresolutional analysis is investigated for the classification of the above mentioned two indicators. The statistical and co-occurrence features are extracted from the framelet decomposed mammograms with different resolution levels and support vector machine is employed for classification with k-fold cross validation. This system achieves 94.82% and 100% accuracy in normal/abnormal classification (stage I) and benign/malignant classification (stage II) of mass classification system and 98.57% and 100% for microcalcification system when using the MIAS database.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26510769','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26510769"><span>An analytic model for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> spring constant calibration of rectangular atomic force microscope cantilevers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Rui; Ye, Hongfei; Zhang, Weisheng; Ma, Guojun; Su, Yewang</p> <p>2015-10-29</p> <p>Spring constant calibration of the atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever is of fundamental importance for quantifying the force between the AFM cantilever tip and the sample. The calibration within the framework of thin plate theory undoubtedly has a higher accuracy and broader scope than that within the well-established beam theory. However, thin plate theory-based <span class="hlt">accurate</span> analytic determination of the constant has been perceived as an extremely difficult issue. In this paper, we implement the thin plate theory-based analytic modeling for the static behavior of rectangular AFM cantilevers, which reveals that the three-dimensional effect and Poisson effect play important roles in <span class="hlt">accurate</span> determination of the spring constants. A quantitative scaling law is found that the normalized spring constant <span class="hlt">depends</span> only on the Poisson's ratio, normalized dimension and normalized load coordinate. Both the literature and our refined finite element model validate the present results. The developed model is expected to serve as the benchmark for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> calibration of rectangular AFM cantilevers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3279941','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3279941"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Childhood</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Stanley, Takara</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Purpose of Review The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood is challenging, in large part due to the lack of a true gold standard and the relatively poor performance of available diagnostic testing. This review discusses recent literature on this topic. Recent Findings Auxology and clinical judgment remain the foundation for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of GHD. Provocative GH testing is poorly reproducible, <span class="hlt">dependent</span> on factors such as body composition and pubertal status, and further limited by significant variability among commercially available GH assays. Measurement of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 is not diagnostically useful in isolation but is helpful in combination with other diagnostic measures. Neuroimaging is also useful to inform <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, as pituitary abnormalities suggest a higher likelihood of GHD persisting into adulthood. Although genetic testing is not routinely performed in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of GHD at the present time, multiple recent reports raise the possibility that it may play a more important role in diagnosing GHD in the future. Summary Beyond physicians’ integrated assessment of auxology, clinical presentation, and bone age, current tools to diagnose GHD are sub-optimal. Recent literature emphasizes the need to reappraise our current practice and to consider new tools for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. PMID:22157400</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=88199','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=88199"><span>Rapid <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of Histoplasma capsulatum Endocarditis Using the AccuProbe on an Excised Valve</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chemaly, Roy F.; Tomford, J. Walton; Hall, Gerri S.; Sholtis, Mary; Chua, Jimmy D.; Procop, Gary W.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Histoplasma capsulatum is an infrequent but serious cause of endocarditis. The definitive <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> requires culture, which may require a long incubation. We demonstrated the ability of the Histoplasma capsulatum AccuProbe to <span class="hlt">accurately</span> identify this organism when applied directly on an excised valve that contained abundant yeast forms consistent with H. capsulatum. PMID:11427583</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28013206','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28013206"><span>Systemic lupus erythematosus <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and management.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thong, Bernard; Olsen, Nancy J</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>SLE presents many challenges for clinicians. The onset of disease may be insidious, with many different symptoms and signs, making early and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> challenging. Tests for SLE in the early stages lack specificity; those that are useful later often appear only after organ damage is manifest. Disease patterns are highly variable; flares are not predictable and not always associated with biomarkers. Children with SLE may have severe disease and present special management issues. Older SLE patients have complicating co-morbid conditions. Therapeutic interventions have improved over recent decades, but available drugs do not adequately control disease in many patients, and successful outcomes are limited by off-target effects; some of these become manifest with longer duration of treatment, now in part revealed by improved rates of survival. Despite all of these challenges, advances in understanding the biological basis of SLE have translated into more effective approaches to patient care. This review considers the current state of SLE <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and management, with a focus on new approaches and anticipated advances. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JHEP...04..149K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JHEP...04..149K"><span>A fast and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> method for perturbative resummation of transverse momentum-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> observables</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kang, Daekyoung; Lee, Christopher; Vaidya, Varun</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>We propose a novel strategy for the perturbative resummation of transverse momentum-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> (TMD) observables, using the q T spectra of gauge bosons ( γ ∗, Higgs) in pp collisions in the regime of low (but perturbative) transverse momentum q T as a specific example. First we introduce a scheme to choose the factorization scale for virtuality in momentum space instead of in impact parameter space, allowing us to avoid integrating over (or cutting off) a Landau pole in the inverse Fourier transform of the latter to the former. The factorization scale for rapidity is still chosen as a function of impact parameter b, but in such a way designed to obtain a Gaussian form (in ln b) for the exponentiated rapidity evolution kernel, guaranteeing convergence of the b integral. We then apply this scheme to obtain the q T spectra for Drell-Yan and Higgs production at NNLL accuracy. In addition, using this scheme we are able to obtain a fast semi-analytic formula for the perturbative resummed cross sections in momentum space: analytic in its <span class="hlt">dependence</span> on all physical variables at each order of logarithmic accuracy, up to a numerical expansion for the pure mathematical Bessel function in the inverse Fourier transform that needs to be performed just once for all observables and kinematics, to any desired accuracy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1440437','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1440437"><span>A fast and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> method for perturbative resummation of transverse momentum-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> observables</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Kang, Daekyoung; Lee, Christopher; Vaidya, Varun</p> <p></p> <p>Here, we propose a novel strategy for the perturbative resummation of transverse momentum-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> (TMD) observables, using the q T spectra of gauge bosons (γ*, Higgs) in pp collisions in the regime of low (but perturbative) transverse momentum q T as a specific example. First we introduce a scheme to choose the factorization scale for virtuality in momentum space instead of in impact parameter space, allowing us to avoid integrating over (or cutting off) a Landau pole in the inverse Fourier transform of the latter to the former. The factorization scale for rapidity is still chosen as a function of impactmore » parameter b, but in such a way designed to obtain a Gaussian form (in ln b) for the exponentiated rapidity evolution kernel, guaranteeing convergence of the b integral. We then apply this scheme to obtain the q T spectra for Drell-Yan and Higgs production at NNLL accuracy. In addition, using this scheme we are able to obtain a fast semi-analytic formula for the perturbative resummed cross sections in momentum space: analytic in its <span class="hlt">dependence</span> on all physical variables at each order of logarithmic accuracy, up to a numerical expansion for the pure mathematical Bessel function in the inverse Fourier transform that needs to be performed just once for all observables and kinematics, to any desired accuracy.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1440437-fast-accurate-method-perturbative-resummation-transverse-momentum-dependent-observables','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1440437-fast-accurate-method-perturbative-resummation-transverse-momentum-dependent-observables"><span>A fast and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> method for perturbative resummation of transverse momentum-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> observables</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Kang, Daekyoung; Lee, Christopher; Vaidya, Varun</p> <p>2018-04-27</p> <p>Here, we propose a novel strategy for the perturbative resummation of transverse momentum-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> (TMD) observables, using the q T spectra of gauge bosons (γ*, Higgs) in pp collisions in the regime of low (but perturbative) transverse momentum q T as a specific example. First we introduce a scheme to choose the factorization scale for virtuality in momentum space instead of in impact parameter space, allowing us to avoid integrating over (or cutting off) a Landau pole in the inverse Fourier transform of the latter to the former. The factorization scale for rapidity is still chosen as a function of impactmore » parameter b, but in such a way designed to obtain a Gaussian form (in ln b) for the exponentiated rapidity evolution kernel, guaranteeing convergence of the b integral. We then apply this scheme to obtain the q T spectra for Drell-Yan and Higgs production at NNLL accuracy. In addition, using this scheme we are able to obtain a fast semi-analytic formula for the perturbative resummed cross sections in momentum space: analytic in its <span class="hlt">dependence</span> on all physical variables at each order of logarithmic accuracy, up to a numerical expansion for the pure mathematical Bessel function in the inverse Fourier transform that needs to be performed just once for all observables and kinematics, to any desired accuracy.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19459160','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19459160"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of metastatic pancreatic mesenchymal tumors by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Varghese, Linda; Ngae, Min Yi; Wilson, Andrew P; Crowder, Clinton D; Gulbahce, H Evin; Pambuccian, Stefan E</p> <p>2009-11-01</p> <p>Involvement of the pancreas by metastatic sarcoma is rare, and can prove challenging to differentiate from sarcomatoid carcinomas which occur more commonly. The endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) technique has been successfully used for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of pancreatic carcinomas whether primary or metastatic, and is now considered the most effective noninvasive method for the identification of pancreatic metastases. However, to date very few reports detail the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of mesenchymal neoplasms by EUS-FNA. Herein, we report a series of four patients who underwent EUS-FNA of the pancreas, where the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of metastatic sarcoma was made based on morphology and ancillary studies. The cases include metastases of leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, and solitary fibrous tumor. The history of a primary sarcoma of the chest wall, mediastinum, and respectively lower extremity was known for the first three of these patients while in the case of the solitary fibrous tumor a remote history of a paraspinal "hemangiopericytoma" was only elicited after the EUS-FNA <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was made. We conclude that EUS-FNA is efficient and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> in providing a <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of sarcoma, even in patients without a known primary sarcoma, thus allowing institution of therapy without additional biopsies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1221791-accurate-assessment-small-angle-ray-scattering-data','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1221791-accurate-assessment-small-angle-ray-scattering-data"><span>The <span class="hlt">accurate</span> assessment of small-angle X-ray scattering data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Grant, Thomas D.; Luft, Joseph R.; Carter, Lester G.; ...</p> <p>2015-01-23</p> <p>Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has grown in popularity in recent times with the advent of bright synchrotron X-ray sources, powerful computational resources and algorithms enabling the calculation of increasingly complex models. However, the lack of standardized data-quality metrics presents difficulties for the growing user community in <span class="hlt">accurately</span> assessing the quality of experimental SAXS data. Here, a series of metrics to quantitatively describe SAXS data in an objective manner using statistical evaluations are defined. These metrics are applied to identify the effects of radiation damage, concentration <span class="hlt">dependence</span> and interparticle interactions on SAXS data from a set of 27 previously described targetsmore » for which high-resolution structures have been determined via X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Studies show that these metrics are sufficient to characterize SAXS data quality on a small sample set with statistical rigor and sensitivity similar to or better than manual analysis. The development of data-quality analysis strategies such as these initial efforts is needed to enable the <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and unbiased assessment of SAXS data quality.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29544775','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29544775"><span>A YinYang bipolar fuzzy cognitive TOPSIS method to bipolar disorder <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Han, Ying; Lu, Zhenyu; Du, Zhenguang; Luo, Qi; Chen, Sheng</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Bipolar disorder is often mis-diagnosed as unipolar depression in the clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. The main reason is that, different from other diseases, bipolarity is the norm rather than exception in bipolar disorder <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. YinYang bipolar fuzzy set captures bipolarity and has been successfully used to construct a unified inference mathematical modeling method to bipolar disorder clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Nevertheless, symptoms and their interrelationships are not considered in the existing method, circumventing its ability to describe complexity of bipolar disorder. Thus, in this paper, a YinYang bipolar fuzzy multi-criteria group decision making method to bipolar disorder clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is developed. Comparing with the existing method, the new one is more comprehensive. The merits of the new method are listed as follows: First of all, multi-criteria group decision making method is introduced into bipolar disorder <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for considering different symptoms and multiple doctors' opinions. Secondly, the discreet <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> principle is adopted by the revised TOPSIS method. Last but not the least, YinYang bipolar fuzzy cognitive map is provided for the understanding of interrelations among symptoms. The illustrated case demonstrates the feasibility, validity, and necessity of the theoretical results obtained. Moreover, the comparison analysis demonstrates that the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> result is more <span class="hlt">accurate</span>, when interrelations about symptoms are considered in the proposed method. In a conclusion, the main contribution of this paper is to provide a comprehensive mathematical approach to improve the accuracy of bipolar disorder clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, in which both bipolarity and complexity are considered. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22493386-bottom-up-coarse-grained-models-accurately-describe-structure-pressure-compressibility-molecular-liquids','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22493386-bottom-up-coarse-grained-models-accurately-describe-structure-pressure-compressibility-molecular-liquids"><span>Bottom-up coarse-grained models that <span class="hlt">accurately</span> describe the structure, pressure, and compressibility of molecular liquids</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Dunn, Nicholas J. H.; Noid, W. G., E-mail: wnoid@chem.psu.edu</p> <p>2015-12-28</p> <p>The present work investigates the capability of bottom-up coarse-graining (CG) methods for <span class="hlt">accurately</span> modeling both structural and thermodynamic properties of all-atom (AA) models for molecular liquids. In particular, we consider 1, 2, and 3-site CG models for heptane, as well as 1 and 3-site CG models for toluene. For each model, we employ the multiscale coarse-graining method to determine interaction potentials that optimally approximate the configuration <span class="hlt">dependence</span> of the many-body potential of mean force (PMF). We employ a previously developed “pressure-matching” variational principle to determine a volume-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> contribution to the potential, U{sub V}(V), that approximates the volume-<span class="hlt">dependence</span> of the PMF.more » We demonstrate that the resulting CG models describe AA density fluctuations with qualitative, but not quantitative, accuracy. Accordingly, we develop a self-consistent approach for further optimizing U{sub V}, such that the CG models <span class="hlt">accurately</span> reproduce the equilibrium density, compressibility, and average pressure of the AA models, although the CG models still significantly underestimate the atomic pressure fluctuations. Additionally, by comparing this array of models that <span class="hlt">accurately</span> describe the structure and thermodynamic pressure of heptane and toluene at a range of different resolutions, we investigate the impact of bottom-up coarse-graining upon thermodynamic properties. In particular, we demonstrate that U{sub V} accounts for the reduced cohesion in the CG models. Finally, we observe that bottom-up coarse-graining introduces subtle correlations between the resolution, the cohesive energy density, and the “simplicity” of the model.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24557816','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24557816"><span>Etiology, <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment of renal colic during pregnancy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Grasso, Angelica Anna Chiara; Cozzi, Gabriele</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>To assess the incidence and causes of renal stones in pregnant women, investigate the reliability and accuracy of diagnostic investigations and to consider the various therapeutic options available. A review of the literature was conducted, searching for relevant papers on the physiology of urinary apparatus changes during pregnancy, as well as the etiology, <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and management of renal colic in pregnant women. Standards of care in renal colic during pregnancy include <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> primarily with ultrasound, or MRI if necessary, conservative therapy and careful surgical approach for urinary drainage in the first place or ureterorenoscopy when needed. Renal colic during pregnancy is potentially troublesome and likely to lead to serious adverse effects on both mother and fetus. A multi-disciplinary approach is needed, which includes experts in the fields of Urology, Obstetrics, Radiology and Anesthesiology, to ensure the optimal care of this delicate cohort of patients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26926612','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26926612"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and Management of Common Foot Fractures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bica, David; Sprouse, Ryan A; Armen, Joseph</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Foot fractures are among the most common foot injuries evaluated by primary care physicians. They most often involve the metatarsals and toes. Patients typically present with varying signs and symptoms, the most common being pain and trouble with ambulation. <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> requires radiographic evaluation, although emerging evidence demonstrates that ultrasonography may be just as <span class="hlt">accurate</span>. Management is determined by the location of the fracture and its effect on balance and weight bearing. Metatarsal shaft fractures are initially treated with a posterior splint and avoidance of weight-bearing activities; subsequent treatment consists of a short leg walking cast or boot for four to six weeks. Proximal fifth metatarsal fractures have different treatments <span class="hlt">depending</span> on the location of the fracture. A fifth metatarsal tuberosity avulsion fracture can be treated acutely with a compressive dressing, then the patient can be transitioned to a short leg walking boot for two weeks, with progressive mobility as tolerated after initial immobilization. A Jones fracture has a higher risk of nonunion and requires at least six to eight weeks in a short leg non-weight-bearing cast; healing time can be as long as 10 to 12 weeks. Great toe fractures are treated with a short leg walking boot or cast with toe plate for two to three weeks, then a rigid-sole shoe for an additional three to four weeks. Lesser toe fractures can be treated with buddy taping and a rigid-sole shoe for four to six weeks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JQSRT.213...41W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JQSRT.213...41W"><span><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> deuterium spectroscopy for fundamental studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wcisło, P.; Thibault, F.; Zaborowski, M.; Wójtewicz, S.; Cygan, A.; Kowzan, G.; Masłowski, P.; Komasa, J.; Puchalski, M.; Pachucki, K.; Ciuryło, R.; Lisak, D.</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>We present an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> measurement of the weak quadrupole S(2) 2-0 line in self-perturbed D2 and theoretical ab initio calculations of both collisional line-shape effects and energy of this rovibrational transition. The spectra were collected at the 247-984 Torr pressure range with a frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer linked to an optical frequency comb (OFC) referenced to a primary time standard. Our line-shape modeling employed quantum calculations of molecular scattering (the pressure broadening and shift and their speed <span class="hlt">dependencies</span> were calculated, while the complex frequency of optical velocity-changing collisions was fitted to experimental spectra). The velocity-changing collisions are handled with the hard-sphere collisional kernel. The experimental and theoretical pressure broadening and shift are consistent within 5% and 27%, respectively (the discrepancy for shift is 8% when referred not to the speed averaged value, which is close to zero, but to the range of variability of the speed-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> shift). We use our high pressure measurement to determine the energy, ν0, of the S(2) 2-0 transition. The ab initio line-shape calculations allowed us to mitigate the expected collisional systematics reaching the 410 kHz accuracy of ν0. We report theoretical determination of ν0 taking into account relativistic and QED corrections up to α5. Our estimation of the accuracy of the theoretical ν0 is 1.3 MHz. We observe 3.4σ discrepancy between experimental and theoretical ν0.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23904181','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23904181"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span>, prevention, and treatment of scabies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shimose, Luis; Munoz-Price, L Silvia</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>Scabies remains a public health problem, especially in developing countries, with a worldwide incidence of approximately 300 million cases each year. Prolonged skin-to-skin contact is necessary to allow the transmission of the causative mite, Sarcoptes scabiei. Classic scabies presents with burrows, erythematous papules, and generalized pruritus. Clinical variants include nodular scabies and crusted scabies, also called Norwegian scabies. The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is based mainly on history and physical examination, but definitive <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> <span class="hlt">depends</span> on direct visualization of the mites under microscopy. Alternative diagnostic methods include the burrow ink test, video-dermatoscopy, newly serologic tests like PCR/ELISA, and specific IgE directed toward major mite components. Treatment of scabies consists of either topical permethrin or oral ivermectin, although the optimal regimen is still unclear.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29737916','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29737916"><span>Malignant granular cell tumors: the role of electron microscopy in the definitive <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of an extremely aggressive soft tissue neoplasm.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Knowles, Kurt J; Al-Delfi, Firas; Abdulsattar, Jehan; Lacour, Robin; Black, Destin; Chaudhery, Shabnum; Turbat-Herrera, Elba A</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare soft tissue neoplasms which may be multicentric. The vast majority are benign, however approximately 100 malignant GCTs have been reported, with only 8 originating in the vulva. Malignant GCTs are very aggressive with very poor survival rates. As the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of malignant GCT carries an extremely poor prognosis, the utilization of EM ensures that the most <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> possible can be rendered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26125384','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26125384"><span><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> quantification of fluorescent targets within turbid media based on a decoupled fluorescence Monte Carlo model.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Deng, Yong; Luo, Zhaoyang; Jiang, Xu; Xie, Wenhao; Luo, Qingming</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>We propose a method based on a decoupled fluorescence Monte Carlo model for constructing fluorescence Jacobians to enable <span class="hlt">accurate</span> quantification of fluorescence targets within turbid media. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using two cylindrical phantoms enclosing fluorescent targets within homogeneous and heterogeneous background media. The results demonstrate that our method can recover relative concentrations of the fluorescent targets with higher accuracy than the perturbation fluorescence Monte Carlo method. This suggests that our method is suitable for quantitative fluorescence diffuse optical tomography, especially for in vivo imaging of fluorophore targets for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of different diseases and abnormalities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056335','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056335"><span>A systematic review of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual diagnostic criteria for nicotine <span class="hlt">dependence</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>DiFranza, Joseph; Ursprung, W W Sanouri; Lauzon, Béatrice; Bancej, Christina; Wellman, Robert J; Ziedonis, Douglas; Kim, Sun S; Gervais, André; Meltzer, Bruce; McKay, Colleen E; O'Loughlin, Jennifer; Okoli, Chizimuzo T C; Fortuna, Lisa R; Tremblay, Michèle</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual diagnostic criteria for nicotine <span class="hlt">dependence</span> (DSM-ND) are based on the proposition that <span class="hlt">dependence</span> is a syndrome that can be diagnosed only when a minimum of 3 of the 7 proscribed features are present. The DSM-ND criteria are an accepted research measure, but the validity of these criteria has not been subjected to a systematic evaluation. To systematically review evidence of validity and reliability for the DSM-ND criteria, a literature search was conducted of 16 national and international databases. Each article with original data was independently reviewed by two or more reviewers. In total, 380 potentially relevant articles were examined and 169 were reviewed in depth. The DSM-ND criteria have seen wide use in research settings, but sensitivity and specificity are well below the accepted standards for clinical applications. Predictive validity is generally poor. The 7 DSM-ND criteria are regarded as having face validity, but no data support a 3-symptom ND diagnostic threshold, or a 4-symptom withdrawal syndrome threshold. The DSM incorrectly states that daily smoking is a prerequisite for withdrawal symptoms. The DSM shows poor to modest concurrence with all other measures of nicotine <span class="hlt">dependence</span>, smoking behaviors and biological measures of tobacco use. The data support the DSM-ND criteria as a valid measure of nicotine <span class="hlt">dependence</span> severity for research applications. However, the data do not support the central premise of a 3-symptom diagnostic threshold, and no data establish that the DSM-ND criteria provide an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of nicotine <span class="hlt">dependence</span>. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3181905','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3181905"><span>Post-traumatic stress disorder <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in children: challenges and promises</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cohen, Judith A.; Scheeringa, Michael S.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Children and adolescents experience high rates of potentially traumatic experiences. Many children subsequently develop mental health problems, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. <span class="hlt">Accurately</span> diagnosing PTSD in children is challenging. This paper reviews the following important issues: (i) the specificity of the PTSD <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>; (ii) children who are symptomatic and impaired but do not have enough symptoms for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PTSD; (iii) developmental considerations for preschool and schooi-age children; and (iv) a variety of assessment challenges that reflect the difficulty and complexity of interviewing children and caregivers about these symptoms. Despite these challenges, PTSD remains the best construct for clinical and research work with trauma survivors. Pediatric PTSD criteria are valuable for identifying children at risk and in need of treatment and can be even more helpful when developmentally modified in ways that are discussed. PMID:19432391</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25489135','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25489135"><span>Extramedullary plasmacytoma in the carotid space: Expanding the differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Deshpande, Sneha Satish; Kane, Shubhada; Arya, Supreeta</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>Plasma cell neoplasms have been classified into various types, with a range of clinical and radiological presentations. Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a subset of plasma cell neoplasms which presents as an isolated non-osseous soft tissue mass. Though carotid space neoplasms are commonly encountered, EMP in the carotid space is rare and seldom considered in the initial differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of a carotid space mass. These tumors can be treated by surgery or radiotherapy. On the other hand, the commonly encountered tumors in the carotid space are treated surgically. Also, it is mandatory to exclude multiple myeloma in the patients presenting with EMP. Hence, <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> has therapeutic and prognostic implications. We report a rare case of EMP of the carotid space, describing the imaging features and the differential diagnoses with clues pointing to this rare entity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6688874-diagnosis-hydronephrosis-comparison-radionuclide-scanning-sonography','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6688874-diagnosis-hydronephrosis-comparison-radionuclide-scanning-sonography"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of hydronephrosis: comparison of radionuclide scanning and sonography</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Malave, S.R.; Neiman, H.L.; Spies, S.M.</p> <p>1980-12-01</p> <p>Diagnostic sonographic and radioisotope scanning techniques have been shown to be useful in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of obstructive uropathy. The accuracy of both methods was compared and sonography was found to provide the more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> data (sensitivity, 90%, specificity, 98%; accuracy, 97%). Sonography provides excellent anatomic information and enables one to grade the degree of dilatation. Renal radionuclide studies were less sensitive in detecting obstruction, particularly in the presence of chronic renal disease, but offered additional information regarding relative renal blood flow, total effective renal plasma flow, and interval change in renal parenchymal function.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24154751','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24154751"><span>[Differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for detection of hyphae in tissue].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tintelnot, K</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>Usually the detection of hyphae in tissue is unmistakable evidence of a deep mycosis requiring antimycotic treatment. Micromorphology alone rarely allows a specific <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, thus confusion is possible between Candida, Aspergillus, Alternaria and Fusarium species or several other fungal agents. If broad, nearly non-septated hyphae are detected histologically mucormycosis can be suspected. Detection of hyphae in tissue is always a cause for concern because therapeutic consequences must follow. Because therapeutic strategies may differ <span class="hlt">depending</span> on the specific fungal agent, a suspected <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> should be supplemented by other methods, e.g. culture of unfixed specimens, by immunohistology or molecular biological methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28343205','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28343205"><span>[Biliary atresia - signs and symptoms, <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, clinical management].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Orłowska, Ewa; Czubkowski, Piotr; Socha, Piotr</p> <p></p> <p>Biliary atresia is a chronic cholangiopathy leading to progressive fibrosis of both intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. The cause of the condition is unknown. Fundamental management of biliary atresia is surgical intervention and the outcomes of the treatment <span class="hlt">depend</span> on the child's age with best results when performed within the first 2 months of life. Thus, the main role of pediatric healthcare is an urgent differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and prompt qualification for the surgery, optimal postoperative management and early qualification for the liver transplantation in patients with persistent cholestasis. The authors discuss the clinical presentation, <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and management of biliary atresia.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27029480','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27029480"><span>YouTube provides irrelevant information for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment of hip arthritis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Koller, Ulrich; Waldstein, Wenzel; Schatz, Klaus-Dieter; Windhager, Reinhard</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>YouTube is increasingly becoming a key source for people to satisfy the need for additional information concerning their medical condition. This study analyses the completeness of <span class="hlt">accurate</span> information found on YouTube pertaining to hip arthritis. The present study analyzed 133 YouTube videos using the search terms: hip arthritis, hip arthritis symptoms, hip arthritis <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, hip arthritis treatment and hip replacement. Two quality assessment checklists with a scale of 0 to 12 points were developed to evaluate available video content for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and the treatment of hip arthritis. Videos were grouped into poor quality (grade 0-3), moderate quality (grade 4-7) and excellent quality (grade 8-12), respectively. Three independent observers assessed all videos using the new grading system and independently scored all videos. Discrepancies regarding the categories were clarified by consensus discussion. For intra-observer reliabilities, grading was performed at two occasions separated by four weeks. Eighty-four percent (n = 112) had a poor diagnostic information quality, 14% (n = 19) a moderate quality and only 2% (n = 2) an excellent quality, respectively. In 86% (n = 114), videos provided poor treatment information quality. Eleven percent (n = 15) of videos had a moderate quality and only 3% (n = 4) an excellent quality, respectively. The present study demonstrates that YouTube is a poor source for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> information pertaining to the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment of hip arthritis. These finding are of high relevance for clinicians as videos are going to become the primary source of information for patients. Therefore, high quality educational videos are needed to further guide patients on the way from the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of hip arthritis to its proper treatment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3592532','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3592532"><span>High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein as an Auxiliary Biomarker for Dengue <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Allonso, Diego; Vázquez, Susana; Guzmán, Maria G.; Mohana-Borges, Ronaldo</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Despite the availability of many methods for rapid and early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of dengue, there is still a need to develop new approaches that not only combine low cost, specificity, and sensitivity, but also are capable of <span class="hlt">accurately</span> detecting secondary infection in the early stages of the disease. We report the potential of the high mobility group box 1 protein as an auxiliary biomarker for early dengue <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. We tested a 205-sample serum panel that included negative and positive samples from primary and secondary dengue cases, as well as samples from patients with dengue-like symptoms. We observed that high mobility group box 1 protein was generally detected only in dengue-positive samples for persons with primary and secondary infections. These results highlight the possibility of using this endogenous molecule as an auxiliary biomarker to aid in dengue detection and improve current methods for early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of dengue. PMID:23269659</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22857943','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22857943"><span>[Diabetes mellitus: clinical presentation and differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of hyperglycemia in childhood and adolescence].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rubio Cabezas, O; Argente, J</p> <p>2012-11-01</p> <p>Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Despite being a clinical and etiopathogenically heterogeneous disorder, type 1 autoimmune diabetes accounts for more than 95% of cases in children. Recent advances have meant that a growing number of patients have been assigned to other subtypes of diabetes. In such cases, the correct <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is facilitated by the fact that many of these rare causes of diabetes are associated with specific clinical syndromes or may present at a certain age. Many of them are also subsidiaries of molecular <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. The aim of this review is to update the current knowledge in this field of pediatric diabetes, in an attempt to determine the most <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and its implications on appropriate treatment and prognosis. Copyright © 2012 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SPIE.6535E..1KM','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SPIE.6535E..1KM"><span><span class="hlt">Dependence</span> of optic disc parameters on disc area according to Heidelberg Retina Tomograph: Part II.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Machekhin, V.; Manaenkova, G.; Bondarenko, O.</p> <p>2007-05-01</p> <p>With the help of Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT-II) optic disc parameters in 211 eyes of 115 healthy patients with refraction Em +/- 3,0 D and 96 eyes of 72 patients with myopia 3,5-14,0 D without any signs of glaucoma were studied. Analysis of optic disc parameters were carried out in 5 groups of patients according to disc area: less than 1,5 mm2, 1,5- 2,5 mm2, 2,5-3,0 mm2, 3,0-3,5 mm2 and more than 3,5 mm2. An <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">depending</span> on disc area was revealed for all optic disc parameters in all sectors, which was manifested by increasing cup disc and rim disc (area and volume) and other parameters. We consider it is necessary to use the proper tables for right interpretation of received data for early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of glaucoma.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16633374','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16633374"><span>Comparison of the accuracy of trans-abdominal sonography (TAS) and transperineal sonography (TPS) in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of Placenta Praevia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Adeyomoye, A A O; Ola, E R; Arogundade, R A; Awosanya, G O G; Abudu, O O</p> <p>2006-03-01</p> <p>Although the incidence of Placenta Praevia (PP) is low, its association with increased perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality underscores the imperative of <span class="hlt">accurate</span> pre-labour <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. To compare through a prospective study, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of Trans-Abdominal Sonography (TAS) and Trans-Perineal Sonography (TPS) in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of Placenta Praevia and to determine the causes, if any, of avoidable diagnostic errors. During the study period from 1999 to 2001, 133 patients were evaluated by TAS and TPS. The age ranged from 19-41 years while the gestational age ranged from 20-weeks to term. All had examination with 3.5 MHz mechanical sector real-time scanner (Siemens high-resolution Sonoline SL-1 ultrasound machine). The accuracy of TAS and TPS in diagnosing PP was then compared with surgical outcome in each patient. Out of the 133 patients diagnosed to have PP early on in pregnancy, 41 (30.8%) had persistent praevia till delivery, while in 92 (69.2%), the placenta converted to a normal location. The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> at delivery confirmed the TPS <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in 40 of 41 cases, while TAS <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was confirmed in 39 of 41. TPS did not predict the delivery <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in 1 patient where it ruled out a PP, TAS did not predict the delivery <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in 2 patients who were believed not to have a clinically significant placenta praevia. In 1 patient TAS suggested PP but delivery <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> showed a normal placental implantation. The overall accuracy, specificity and sensitivity for TPS and TAS were 99.3%, 100%, 99.2% and 97.7%, 98.9%, and 95.1% respectively. TPS is a safe, <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and rapid technique, which complement TAS for evaluation of patients with PP. In patients who decline this method however, graded bladder distension, Trendelenburg and traction scanning and determination of the absence of focal uterine contraction, which distorts the lower uterine segment, are techniques, which significantly improve the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PP by TAS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25646648','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25646648"><span>How does information congruence influence <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> performance?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Kejin; Li, Zhizhong</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> performance is critical for the safety of high-consequence industrial systems. It <span class="hlt">depends</span> highly on the information provided, perceived, interpreted and integrated by operators. This article examines the influence of information congruence (congruent information vs. conflicting information vs. missing information) and its interaction with time pressure (high vs. low) on <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> performance on a simulated platform. The experimental results reveal that the participants confronted with conflicting information spent significantly more time generating correct hypotheses and rated the results with lower probability values than when confronted with the other two levels of information congruence and were more prone to arrive at a wrong <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> result than when they were provided with congruent information. This finding stresses the importance of the proper processing of non-congruent information in safety-critical systems. Time pressure significantly influenced display switching frequency and completion time. This result indicates the decisive role of time pressure. Practitioner Summary: This article examines the influence of information congruence and its interaction with time pressure on human <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> performance on a simulated platform. For complex systems in the process control industry, the results stress the importance of the proper processing of non-congruent information in safety-critical systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398286','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398286"><span>[Laboratory <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of bacterial meningitis: usefulness of various tests for the determination of the etiological agent].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Carbonnelle, E</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Despite breakthroughs in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment of infectious diseases, meningitis still remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity. An <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and rapid <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of acute bacterial meningitis is essential for a good outcome. The gold-standard test for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is CSF analysis. Gram staining of CSF reveals bacteria in about 50 to 80 % of cases and cultures are positive in at best 80 % of cases. However, the sensitivity of both tests is less than 50 % in patients who are already on antibiotic treatment. CSF leukocyte count and concentration of protein and glucose lack specificity and sensitivity for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of meningitis. Other biological tests are available for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Latex agglutination test were adapted for rapid and direct detection of soluble bacterial antigens in CSF of patients suspected with bacterial meningitis. This test is efficient in detecting antigens of most common central nervous system bateria but lacks sensibility. Furthermore, in the early phases of acute bacterial and viral meningitis, signs and symptoms are often non specific and it is not always possible to make a differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Markers like CRP, procalcitonin, or sTREM-1 may be very useful for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and to differentiate between viral and bacterial meningitis. Bacterial meningitis <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and management require various biological tests and a multidisciplinary approach.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12464855','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12464855"><span>[Prenatal <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> at 25 weeks gestation and neonatal management of a vallecular cyst].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cuillier, F; Testud, R; Samperiz, S; Fossati, P</p> <p>2002-11-01</p> <p>Due to the anatomical location, vallecular cyst is a rare but well-recognized cause of upper airway obstruction and death in newborn. This cyst can be <span class="hlt">accurately</span> diagnosed by echography in utero and by MR imaging. Prenatal <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> allows for early consultation with surgical specialist, so that the time and place of the delivery can be addressed for neonatal preoperative planning. We report the first prenatal <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of a vallecular cyst at 25 weeks of gestation. At birth, the cyst was drained and then marsupialized. We believed that, in cases of oropharyngeal tumors discovered in utero, elective delivery should be realised in a tertiary referral center in which emergency ventilation and tracheostomy are possible.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4320938','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4320938"><span>Robust and <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Anomaly Detection in ECG Artifacts Using Time Series Motif Discovery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sivaraks, Haemwaan</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Electrocardiogram (ECG) anomaly detection is an important technique for detecting dissimilar heartbeats which helps identify abnormal ECGs before the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> process. Currently available ECG anomaly detection methods, ranging from academic research to commercial ECG machines, still suffer from a high false alarm rate because these methods are not able to differentiate ECG artifacts from real ECG signal, especially, in ECG artifacts that are similar to ECG signals in terms of shape and/or frequency. The problem leads to high vigilance for physicians and misinterpretation risk for nonspecialists. Therefore, this work proposes a novel anomaly detection technique that is highly robust and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> in the presence of ECG artifacts which can effectively reduce the false alarm rate. Expert knowledge from cardiologists and motif discovery technique is utilized in our design. In addition, every step of the algorithm conforms to the interpretation of cardiologists. Our method can be utilized to both single-lead ECGs and multilead ECGs. Our experiment results on real ECG datasets are interpreted and evaluated by cardiologists. Our proposed algorithm can mostly achieve 100% of accuracy on detection (AoD), sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value with 0% false alarm rate. The results demonstrate that our proposed method is highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and robust to artifacts, compared with competitive anomaly detection methods. PMID:25688284</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=novel+AND+computation&pg=4&id=EJ1073032','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=novel+AND+computation&pg=4&id=EJ1073032"><span>Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Comparing Pre-<span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Targeted Intervention with Ontario's Autism Intervention Program</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Penner, Melanie; Rayar, Meera; Bashir, Naazish; Roberts, S. Wendy; Hancock-Howard, Rebecca L.; Coyte, Peter C.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Novel management strategies for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) propose providing interventions before <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the costs and <span class="hlt">dependency</span>-free life years (DFLYs) generated by pre-<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> intensive Early Start Denver Model (ESDM-I); pre-<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> parent-delivered ESDM (ESDM-PD); and the Ontario…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23810941','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23810941"><span>Mutation spectrum of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in Tunisia: implication for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in North Africa.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nagara, Majdi; Tiar, Afaf; Ben Halim, Nizar; Ben Rhouma, Faten; Messaoud, Olfa; Bouyacoub, Yosra; Kefi, Rym; Hassayoun, Saida; Zouari, Noura; Ben Ammar, Mohamed Slim; Abdelhak, Sonia; Chemli, Jalel</p> <p>2013-09-15</p> <p>Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease, characterized by progressive kidney failure due to renal deposition of calcium oxalate. Mutations in the AGXT gene, encoding the liver-specific enzyme alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase, are responsible for the disease. We aimed to determine the mutational spectrum causing PH1 and to provide an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> tool for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> as well as for prenatal <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in the affected families. Direct sequencing was used to detect mutations in the AGXT gene in DNA samples from 13 patients belonging to 12 Tunisian families. Molecular analysis revealed five mutations causing PH1 in Tunisia. The mutations were identified along exons 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7. The most predominant mutations were the Maghrebian "p.I244T" and the Arabic "p.G190R". Furthermore, three other mutations characteristic of different ethnic groups were found in our study population. These results confirm the mutational heterogeneity related to PH1 in Tunisian population. All the mutations are in a homozygous state, reflecting the high impact of endogamy in our population. Mutation analysis through DNA sequencing can provide a useful first line investigation for PH1. This identification could provide an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> tool for prenatal <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, genetic counseling and screen for potential presymptomatic individuals. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7995024','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7995024"><span>Personality disorders and associated features in cocaine-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> inpatients.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kranzler, H R; Satel, S; Apter, A</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Previous research has shown a high prevalence of comorbid personality disorders among individuals seeking treatment for cocaine <span class="hlt">dependence</span>. We studied axis II disorders (using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders [SCID-II]) in 50 patients admitted for inpatient rehabilitation. All patients met lifetime criteria for cocaine <span class="hlt">dependence</span> and reported cocaine use during the month before admission. Seventy percent of patients met criteria for at least one axis II <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>; the mean number of axis II diagnoses among these patients was 2.54 (range, one to six). The most common axis II <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was borderline (34% of all patients), followed by antisocial and narcissistic (each 28%), avoidant and paranoid (each 22%), obsessive-compulsive (16%), and <span class="hlt">dependent</span> (10%). To evaluate the relationship between comorbid personality pathology, substance abuse, and other psychiatric symptomatology, patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received an axis II disorder <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. The groups did not differ on substance abuse variables. However, there were significant group differences on a measure of psychosis proneness and in the number of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorder diagnoses. These results are consistent with other studies of personality disorders in substance abuse patients, and suggest that it may be clinically useful to characterize cocaine-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> patients with respect to comorbid axis II disorders.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997SPIE.3034..106A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997SPIE.3034..106A"><span>Automated system for periodontal disease <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Albalat, Salvador E.; Alcaniz-Raya, Mariano L.; Juan, M. Carmen; Grau Colomer, Vincente; Monserrat, Carlos</p> <p>1997-04-01</p> <p>Evolution of periodontal disease is one of the most important data for the clinicians in order to achieve correct planning and treatment. Clinical measure of the periodontal sulcus depth is the most important datum to know the exact state of periodontal disease. These measures must be done periodically study bone resorption evolution around teeth. Time factor of resorption indicates aggressiveness of periodontitis. Manual probes are commonly used with direct reading. Mechanical probes give automatic signal but this method uses complicated and heavy probes that are only limited for University researchers. Probe position must be the same to have right <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Digital image analysis of periodontal probing provides practical, <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and easy tool. Gum and plaque index could also be digitally measured with this method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25058723','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25058723"><span>Plantar fasciitis: what is the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Johnson, Rachel E; Haas, Kim; Lindow, Kyle; Shields, Robert</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Foot pain, specifically plantar heel pain, is a common complaint among patients in a podiatric or orthopaedic office setting but may be seen in primary care offices, urgent care centers, or emergency departments as well. There are numerous causes for heel pain, but plantar fasciitis is the most frequent cause. The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of plantar fasciitis is generally made clinically, but there are many diagnostic modalities that may be used to confirm the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Treatment of plantar fasciitis ranges from conservative measures to surgical interventions, but most cases of plantar fasciitis can be managed conservatively. There is no definitive treatment proven to be the best option for plantar fasciitis. Treatment is patient <span class="hlt">dependent</span> and commonly requires a combination of different modalities to successfully alleviate the symptoms. In this article, plantar fasciitis from defining the disorder, <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, and treatment are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Asperger+AND+Syndrome+AND+Higher+AND+Education&pg=4&id=EJ964989','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Asperger+AND+Syndrome+AND+Higher+AND+Education&pg=4&id=EJ964989"><span>Validating the BASC-TRS for Use with Children and Adolescents with an Educational <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of Autism</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hass, Michael R.; Brown, Richard S.; Brady, John; Johnson, Danielle Boehm</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment planning for children with autism are a growing concern. This study sought to address two questions: (a) Which domains of the of the "Behavior Assessment System for Children" (2nd ed.) Teacher Rating Scales (BASC-TRS) are most effective in discriminating students diagnosed with higher functioning autism…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28193360','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28193360"><span>A review of rapid and field-portable analytical techniques for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of cyanide exposure.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jackson, Randy; Logue, Brian A</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Although commonly known as a highly toxic chemical, cyanide is also an essential reagent for many industrial processes in areas such as mining, electroplating and synthetic fiber production. The "heavy" use of cyanide in these industries, along with its necessary transportation, increases the possibility of human exposure. Another relatively common, but consistently overlooked, mode of cyanide exposure is inhalation of fire smoke. Both civilians and fire rescue personnel risk exposure during the unfortunate event of a structure fire. Additionally, fire rescue personnel risk long-term effects of habitual exposure throughout their careers in fire rescue. The relatively rapid onset of cyanide toxicity and the fact that cyanide exposure symptoms mimic other medical conditions necessitate a rapid, sensitive, portable, and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> method for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of cyanide exposure. This review focuses on the important issues concerning <span class="hlt">accurate</span> point-of-care <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of cyanide exposure and cyanide detection technologies that may allow a commercial cyanide exposure diagnostic to become a reality. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5982639','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5982639"><span>A Novel Fault <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> Method for Rotating Machinery Based on a Convolutional Neural Network</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yang, Tao; Gao, Wei</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is critical to ensure the safety and reliable operation of rotating machinery. Most methods used in fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of rotating machinery extract a few feature values from vibration signals for fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, which is a dimensionality reduction from the original signal and may omit some important fault messages in the original signal. Thus, a novel <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> method is proposed involving the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to directly classify the continuous wavelet transform scalogram (CWTS), which is a time-frequency domain transform of the original signal and can contain most of the information of the vibration signals. In this method, CWTS is formed by discomposing vibration signals of rotating machinery in different scales using wavelet transform. Then the CNN is trained to diagnose faults, with CWTS as the input. A series of experiments is conducted on the rotor experiment platform using this method. The results indicate that the proposed method can diagnose the faults <span class="hlt">accurately</span>. To verify the universality of this method, the trained CNN was also used to perform fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for another piece of rotor equipment, and a good result was achieved. PMID:29734704</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29734704','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29734704"><span>A Novel Fault <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> Method for Rotating Machinery Based on a Convolutional Neural Network.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Guo, Sheng; Yang, Tao; Gao, Wei; Zhang, Chen</p> <p>2018-05-04</p> <p>Fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is critical to ensure the safety and reliable operation of rotating machinery. Most methods used in fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of rotating machinery extract a few feature values from vibration signals for fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, which is a dimensionality reduction from the original signal and may omit some important fault messages in the original signal. Thus, a novel <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> method is proposed involving the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to directly classify the continuous wavelet transform scalogram (CWTS), which is a time-frequency domain transform of the original signal and can contain most of the information of the vibration signals. In this method, CWTS is formed by discomposing vibration signals of rotating machinery in different scales using wavelet transform. Then the CNN is trained to diagnose faults, with CWTS as the input. A series of experiments is conducted on the rotor experiment platform using this method. The results indicate that the proposed method can diagnose the faults <span class="hlt">accurately</span>. To verify the universality of this method, the trained CNN was also used to perform fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for another piece of rotor equipment, and a good result was achieved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=274582','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=274582"><span>Troubleshooting the diagnostic conundrums</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Because so many different clinical presentations can be associated with infection with BVDV, <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> based on history, clinical presentation, and postmortem of affected animals is presumptive at best. <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> and definitive detection of infection with BVDV <span class="hlt">depends</span> on laboratory <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. While t...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.hrsonline.org/Patient-Resources/Symptoms-Diagnosis/Fainting/Treatment-for-Syncope','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="https://www.hrsonline.org/Patient-Resources/Symptoms-Diagnosis/Fainting/Treatment-for-Syncope"><span>Treatment for Syncope</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>... When it comes to treatment, there is no "one size fits all" approach, making an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> very important. Treatment should address the underlying cause of syncope . <span class="hlt">Depending</span> on the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, ... or controlled with one or more of the following therapies: Simple reassurance, ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23488969','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23488969"><span>Clinical and histopathological differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fujiyama, Toshiharu; Tokura, Yoshiki</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p>Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) is an inflammatory disease characterized by repeated pruritic follicular papules and pustules arranged in arcuate plaques, and folliculotropic infiltration of eosinophils. The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of EPF is occasionally difficult and problematic because EPF may share the clinical appearance and histological findings with other diseases. Moreover, EPF has several clinical subtypes, including the classical type, infantile type and immunosuppression-associated type. Because the therapies of EPF are relatively specific as compared to eczematous disorders, <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is essential for the management of EPF. Clinical differential diagnoses include tinea, acne, rosacea, eczematous dermatitis, granuloma faciale, autoimmune annular erythema, infestations and pustular dermatosis. Histologically, cutaneous diseases with eosinophilic infiltrates can be differentially diagnosed. Follicular mucinosis, mycosis fungoides and other cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are the most important differential diagnoses both clinically and histopathologically. It should be kept in mind particularly that the initial lesions of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma resemble EPF. © 2013 Japanese Dermatological Association.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21816409','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21816409"><span>Computer-based rhythm <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and its possible influence on nonexpert electrocardiogram readers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hakacova, Nina; Trägårdh-Johansson, Elin; Wagner, Galen S; Maynard, Charles; Pahlm, Olle</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Systems providing computer-based analysis of the resting electrocardiogram (ECG) seek to improve the quality of health care by providing <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and timely automatic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of, for example, cardiac rhythm to clinicians. The accuracy of these diagnoses, however, remains questionable. We tested the hypothesis that (a) 2 independent automated ECG systems have better accuracy in rhythm <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> than nonexpert clinicians and (b) both systems provide correct diagnostic suggestions in a large percentage of cases where the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of nonexpert clinicians is incorrect. Five hundred ECGs were manually analyzed by 2 senior experts, 3 nonexpert clinicians, and automatically by 2 automated systems. The accuracy of the nonexpert rhythm statements was compared with the accuracy of each system statement. The proportion of rhythm statements when the clinician's diagnoses were incorrect and the systems instead provided correct <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was assessed. A total of 420 sinus rhythms and 156 rhythm disturbances were recognized by expert reading. Significance of the difference in accuracy between nonexperts and systems was P = .45 for system A and P = .11 for system B. The percentage of correct automated diagnoses in cases when the clinician was incorrect was 28% ± 10% for system A and 25% ± 11% for system B (P = .09). The rhythm diagnoses of automated systems did not reach better average accuracy than those of nonexpert readings. The computer <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of rhythm can be incorrect in cases where the clinicians fail in reaching the correct ECG <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28219805','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28219805"><span>Fusion of spatial gray level <span class="hlt">dependency</span> and fractal texture features for the characterization of thyroid lesions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Raghavendra, U; Rajendra Acharya, U; Gudigar, Anjan; Hong Tan, Jen; Fujita, Hamido; Hagiwara, Yuki; Molinari, Filippo; Kongmebhol, Pailin; Hoong Ng, Kwan</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Thyroid is a small gland situated at the anterior side of the neck and one of the largest glands of the endocrine system. The abrupt cell growth or malignancy in the thyroid gland may cause thyroid cancer. Ultrasound images distinctly represent benign and malignant lesions, but accuracy may be poor due to subjective interpretation. Computer Aided <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> (CAD) can minimize the errors created due to subjective interpretation and assists to make fast <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. In this work, fusion of Spatial Gray Level <span class="hlt">Dependence</span> Features (SGLDF) and fractal textures are used to decipher the intrinsic structure of benign and malignant thyroid lesions. These features are subjected to graph based Marginal Fisher Analysis (MFA) to reduce the number of features. The reduced features are subjected to various ranking methods and classifiers. We have achieved an average accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 97.52%, 90.32% and 98.57% respectively using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The achieved maximum Area Under Curve (AUC) is 0.9445. Finally, Thyroid Clinical Risk Index (TCRI) a single number is developed using two MFA features to discriminate the two classes. This prototype system is ready to be tested with huge diverse database. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5524148','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5524148"><span>The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: current and future approaches</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Martinez, Fernando J; Chisholm, Alison; Collard, Harold R; Flaherty, Kevin R; Myers, Jeffrey; Raghu, Ganesh; Walsh, Simon LF; White, Eric S; Richeldi, Luca</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>With the recent development of two effective treatments for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is crucial. The traditional approach to <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> emphasises the importance of thorough clinical and laboratory evaluations to exclude secondary causes of disease. High-resolution CT is a critical initial diagnostic test and acts as a tool to identify patients who should undergo surgical lung biopsy to secure a definitive histological <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of usual interstitial pneumonia pattern. This diagnostic approach faces several challenges. Many patients with suspected idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis present with atypical high-resolution CT characteristics but are unfit for surgical lung biopsy, therefore preventing a confident <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. The state of the art suggests an iterative, multidisciplinary process that incorporates available clinical, laboratory, imaging, and histological features. Recent research has explored genomic techniques to molecularly phenotype patients with interstitial lung disease. In the future, clinicians will probably use blood-specific or lung-specific molecular markers in combination with other clinical, physiological, and imaging features to enhance diagnostic efforts, refine prognostic recommendations, and influence the initial or subsequent treatment options. There is an urgent and increasing need for well designed, large, prospective studies measuring the effect of different diagnostic approaches. Ultimately, this will help to inform the development of guidelines and tailor clinical practice for the benefit of patients. PMID:27932290</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AmJPh..82..349S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AmJPh..82..349S"><span><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> physical laws can permit new standard units: The two laws F→=ma→ and the proportionality of weight to mass</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Saslow, Wayne M.</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>Three common approaches to F→=ma→ are: (1) as an exactly true definition of force F→ in terms of measured inertial mass m and measured acceleration a→; (2) as an exactly true axiom relating measured values of a→, F→ and m; and (3) as an imperfect but <span class="hlt">accurately</span> true physical law relating measured a→ to measured F→, with m an experimentally determined, matter-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> constant, in the spirit of the resistance R in Ohm's law. In the third case, the natural units are those of a→ and F→, where a→ is normally specified using distance and time as standard units, and F→ from a spring scale as a standard unit; thus mass units are derived from force, distance, and time units such as newtons, meters, and seconds. The present work develops the third approach when one includes a second physical law (again, imperfect but <span class="hlt">accurate</span>)—that balance-scale weight W is proportional to m—and the fact that balance-scale measurements of relative weight are more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> than those of absolute force. When distance and time also are more <span class="hlt">accurately</span> measurable than absolute force, this second physical law permits a shift to standards of mass, distance, and time units, such as kilograms, meters, and seconds, with the unit of force—the newton—a derived unit. However, were force and distance more <span class="hlt">accurately</span> measurable than time (e.g., time measured with an hourglass), this second physical law would permit a shift to standards of force, mass, and distance units such as newtons, kilograms, and meters, with the unit of time—the second—a derived unit. Therefore, the choice of the most <span class="hlt">accurate</span> standard units <span class="hlt">depends</span> both on what is most <span class="hlt">accurately</span> measurable and on the accuracy of physical law.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16472362','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16472362"><span>Lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder in Turkish alcohol-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> inpatients: relationship with depression, anxiety and erectile dysfunction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Evren, Cuneyt; Can, Suat; Evren, Bilge; Saatcioglu, Omer; Cakmak, Duran</p> <p>2006-02-01</p> <p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Turkish male alcohol-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> inpatients, and to investigate the relationship of lifetime PTSD <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> with anxiety, depression, hopelessness, erectile dysfunction and psychosocial problems related with alcohol <span class="hlt">dependency</span>. Eighty-two male inpatients who met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol <span class="hlt">dependence</span> and 48 subjects without substance use disorder as a control group were included in the study. Subjects were applied the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Rate of lifetime PTSD <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was found to be 26.8% among alcohol-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> inpatients. The mean age of patients with lifetime PTSD was lower than in patients without this <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, while there were no significant differences between these two groups in terms of age of first alcohol use, lifetime major depression, current depression, presence and severity of erectile dysfunction. Mean scores of HAM-D, HAM-A, BHS and MAST in the group with lifetime PTSD were significantly higher than the group without this <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. There was a positive relationship between lifetime PTSD <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and depression, anxiety, hopelessness and severity of psychosocial problems related to alcohol <span class="hlt">dependency</span>, while there was no relationship between lifetime PTSD comorbidity and erectile dysfunction in alcohol-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> patients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5864436','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5864436"><span>Summary of recommendations for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment of malaria by the Committee to Advise on Tropical Medicine and Travel (CATMAT)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Boggild, A; Brophy, J; Charlebois, P; Crockett, M; Geduld, J; Ghesquiere, W; McDonald, P; Plourde, P; Teitelbaum, P; Tepper, M; Schofield, S; McCarthy, A</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Background On behalf of the Public Health Agency of Canada, the Committee to Advise on Tropical Medicine and Travel (CATMAT) developed the Canadian Recommendations for the Prevention and Treatment of Malaria Among International Travellers for Canadian health care providers who are preparing patients for travel to malaria-endemic areas and treating travellers who have returned ill. These recommendations aim to achieve appropriate <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and management of malaria, a disease that is still uncommon in Canada. Objective To provide recommendations on the appropriate <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment of malaria. Methods CATMAT reviewed all major sources of information on malaria <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment, as well as recent research and national and international epidemiological data, to tailor guidelines to the Canadian context. The evidence-based medicine recommendations were developed with associated rating scales for the strength and quality of the evidence. Recommendations Malarial management <span class="hlt">depends</span> on rapid identification of the disease, as well as identification of the malaria species and level of parasitemia. Microscopic identification of blood samples is both rapid and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> but can be done only by trained laboratory technicians. Rapid diagnostic tests are widely available, are simple to use and do not require specialized laboratory equipment or training; however, they do not provide the level of parasitemia and do require verification. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), although still limited in availability, is emerging as the gold standard for high sensitivity and specificity in identifying the species. PMID:29769894</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28234141','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28234141"><span>Anosmia: Differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, evaluation, and management.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Scangas, George A; Bleier, Benjamin S</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The ability to scrutinize our surroundings remains heavily <span class="hlt">dependent</span> on the sense of smell. From the ability to detect dangerous situations such as fires to the recollection of a fond memory triggered by an odor, the advantages of an intact olfactory system cannot be overstated. Outcomes studies have highlighted the profound negative impact of anosmia and parosmia on the overall quality of life. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders estimates that ∼1.4% of the United States population experiences chronic olfactory dysfunction and smell loss. Efforts have focused on improving both the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of olfactory dysfunction through olfactory testing and improved reporting of treatment outcomes of olfactory training. The purpose of this article was to review the differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, workup, and current treatment strategies of anosmia and smell disorders.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40830169&referer=brief_results','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40830169&referer=brief_results"><span>Avian toxicologic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Sigurdson, C.J.; Franson, J.C.; Fudge, A.M.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>This chapter describes the sources and pathophysiology of some potential poisons that affect birds and summarizes useful laboratory tests. The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of poisoning in birds, as in mammals, requires a complete and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> history, careful observation of clinical signs, and a thorough necropsy evaluation. Appropriate sample handling and analysis, based on consultation with the diagnostic toxicologist, are critical (Table 19--1). Veterinary toxicology laboratories are becoming increasingly specialized, with only certain laboratories capable of analyzing for drug residues or anticoagulants, for example. Although a local laboratory may not be able to fulfill a specific test request, they may recommend an alternative laboratory or may be willing to forward the sample. As a general rule in suspect poisoning cases, large tissue samples of liver, kidney, brain, and subcutaneous fat and of crop, proventriculus, and ventriculus contents should be collected at necropsy and frozen. Appropriate samples should be submitted frozen, with the remainder held in the freezer for possible later testing. A second set of tissues should be placed in 10% formalin for histopathologic examination.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1512559','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1512559"><span>BURSITIS—OFTEN AN INEXACT <span class="hlt">DIAGNOSIS</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Carpenter, Donald P.</p> <p>1958-01-01</p> <p>The word bursitis is like arthritis in that it must be modified by another before it has meaning precise enough for useful medical description and communication. It is used loosely and generally to describe a number of clinical and pathological entities, among which are true primary bursitis, cystic degenerations, calcareous deposits in ligaments and tendons, and so-called “chronic sprains” where a calcified deposit cannot be demonstrated. It is possible to differentiate between these four entities in the light of present-day knowledge and to make a more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> statement of <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Bursitis is often a symptom... not a primary disease and hence not a proper <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Calcareous deposits in ligaments and tendons with evident inflammatory reaction have been described in many locations. No area seems to be immune but the rotator cuff and supraspinatus tendon of the shoulder show the greatest incidence. The term inflammatory tendinitis appears to be a reasonably useful one for describing the clinical manifestations of the disease. For further accuracy it can be modified by saying that it is with calcification or without calcification as the case may be. There might be serious consequences from confusing the pain radiation of inflammatory tendinitis (with or without calcification) around the trochanteric region of the hip with true sciatic neuritis arising from a herniated intervertebral disk. PMID:13500222</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29098498','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29098498"><span>Racial Residential Segregation and STI <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> Among Non-Hispanic Blacks, 2006-2010.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lutfi, Khaleeq; Trepka, Mary Jo; Fennie, Kristopher P; Ibañez, Gladys; Gladwin, Hugh</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Sexually transmitted infections (STI) disproportionately impact non-Hispanic blacks. Racial residential segregation has been associated with negative socioeconomic outcomes. We sought to examine the association between segregation and STI <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> among blacks. The National Survey of Family Growth and US Census served as data sources. Five distinct dimensions represent segregation. The association between STI <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and each segregation dimension was assessed with multilevel logistic regression modeling. 305 (7.4%) blacks reported STI <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> during the past 12 months. <span class="hlt">Depending</span> on the dimension, segregation was a risk factor [dissimilarity aOR 2.41 (95% CI 2.38-2.43)] and a protective factor [isolation aOR 0.90 (95% CI 0.89-0.91)] for STI <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Findings suggest that STI <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> among blacks is associated with segregation. Additional research is needed to identify mechanisms for how segregation affects STI <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and to aid in the development of interventions to decrease STIs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28086747','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28086747"><span>MicroRNA based Pan-Cancer <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and Treatment Recommendation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cheerla, Nikhil; Gevaert, Olivier</p> <p>2017-01-13</p> <p>The current state-of-the-art in cancer <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment is not ideal; diagnostic tests are <span class="hlt">accurate</span> but invasive, and treatments are "one-size fits-all" instead of being personalized. Recently, miRNA's have garnered significant attention as cancer biomarkers, owing to their ease of access (circulating miRNA in the blood) and stability. There have been many studies showing the effectiveness of miRNA data in diagnosing specific cancer types, but few studies explore the role of miRNA in predicting treatment outcome. Here we go a step further, using tissue miRNA and clinical data across 21 cancers from the 'The Cancer Genome Atlas' (TCGA) database. We use machine learning techniques to create an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> pan-cancer <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> system, and a prediction model for treatment outcomes. Finally, using these models, we create a web-based tool that diagnoses cancer and recommends the best treatment options. We achieved 97.2% accuracy for classification using a support vector machine classifier with radial basis. The accuracies improved to 99.9-100% when climbing up the embryonic tree and classifying cancers at different stages. We define the accuracy as the ratio of the total number of instances correctly classified to the total instances. The classifier also performed well, achieving greater than 80% sensitivity for many cancer types on independent validation datasets. Many miRNAs selected by our feature selection algorithm had strong previous associations to various cancers and tumor progression. Then, using miRNA, clinical and treatment data and encoding it in a machine-learning readable format, we built a prognosis predictor model to predict the outcome of treatment with 85% accuracy. We used this model to create a tool that recommends personalized treatment regimens. Both the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and prognosis model, incorporating semi-supervised learning techniques to improve their accuracies with repeated use, were uploaded online for easy access. Our research is a step</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21641123','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21641123"><span>Conditional substance abuse and <span class="hlt">dependence</span> by <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of mood or anxiety disorder or schizophrenia in the U.S. population.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Martins, Silvia S; Gorelick, David A</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Little is known about the association of various psychiatric disorders with the risk of developing <span class="hlt">dependence</span> or abuse among users of various psychoactive substances (conditional <span class="hlt">dependence</span>, CD; conditional abuse, CA). Evaluate the association of psychiatric disorders with CA only, CD only and CA+CD. Secondary analysis of data from 43,093 non-institutionalized US adults in the first wave (2001-2002) of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. A structured diagnostic interview allowed classification by lifetime psychiatric <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> (DSM-IV criteria) and psychoactive substance use. Data were analyzed using weighted proportions, 95% CIs, and weighted logistic regression models to generate odds ratios (OR) adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics. Psychiatric disorders were associated with higher prevalence of psychoactive substance use, regardless of type of disorder or substance. CA, CD and CA+CD prevalence rates were generally higher than unconditional prevalence rates among respondents with and without psychiatric disorders. Respondents with multiple disorders (mainly mood and anxiety disorders) had higher rates of CA+CD on most, but not all, psychoactive substances (e.g., not heroin), while schizophrenia was associated only with higher rates of tranquilizer CA+CD. Psychiatric disorders had few associations with CA only and CD only on psychoactive substances. Study findings suggest that mood and anxiety disorders are associated with increased prevalence of substance use and increased transition from use to CA and CD, while schizophrenia is associated with increased transition from abstinence to use, especially for marijuana. Findings did not support the self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3179836','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3179836"><span>Conditional substance abuse and <span class="hlt">dependence</span> by <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of mood or anxiety disorder or schizophrenia in the U.S. population</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Martins, Silvia S.; Gorelick, David A.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Background Little is known about the association of various psychiatric disorders with the risk of developing <span class="hlt">dependence</span> or abuse among users of various psychoactive substances (conditional <span class="hlt">dependence</span>, CD; conditional abuse, CA). Objectives Evaluate the association of psychiatric disorders with CA only, CD only and CA +CD. Method Secondary analysis of data from 43,093 non-institutionalized US adults in the first wave (2001–2002) of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. A structured diagnostic interview allowed classification by lifetime psychiatric <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> (DSM-IV criteria) and psychoactive substance use. Data were analyzed using weighted proportions, 95% CIs, and weighted logistic regression models to generate odds ratios (OR) adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics. Results Psychiatric disorders were associated with higher prevalence of psychoactive substance use, regardless of type of disorder or substance. CA, CD and CA+ CD prevalence rates were generally higher than unconditional prevalence rates among respondents with and without psychiatric disorders. Respondents with multiple disorders (mainly mood and anxiety disorders) had higher rates of CA+CD on most, but not all, psychoactive substances (e.g., not heroin), while schizophrenia was associated only with higher rates of tranquilizer CA+ CD. Psychiatric disorders had few associations with CA only and CD only on psychoactive substances. Conclusion Study findings suggest that mood and anxiety disorders are associated with increased prevalence of substance use and increased transition from use to CA and CD, while schizophrenia is associated with increased transition from abstinence to use, especially for marijuana. Findings did not support the self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders. PMID:21641123</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27716353','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27716353"><span>The risks of overlooking the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of secreting pituitary adenomas.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Brue, Thierry; Castinetti, Frederic</p> <p>2016-10-06</p> <p>Secreting pituitary adenomas that cause acromegaly and Cushing's disease, as well as prolactinomas and thyrotroph adenomas, are uncommon, usually benign, slow-growing tumours. The rarity of these conditions means that their <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is not familiar to most non-specialist physicians. Consequently, pituitary adenomas may be overlooked and remain untreated, and affected individuals may develop serious comorbidities that reduce their quality of life and life expectancy. Because many signs and symptoms of pituitary adenomas overlap with those of other, more common disorders, general practitioners and non-endocrinology specialists need to be aware of the "red flags" suggestive of these conditions. A long duration of active disease in patients with secreting pituitary adenomas is associated with an increased risk of comorbidities and reduced quality of life. Appropriate treatment can lead to disease remission, and, although some symptoms may persist in some patients, treatment usually reduces the incidence and severity of comorbidities and improves quality of life. Therefore, correct, early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and characterization of a pituitary adenoma is crucial for patients, to trigger timely, appropriate treatment and to optimize outcome. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology of hormonal syndromes associated with pituitary adenomas, discusses the difficulties of and considerations for their <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, and reviews the comorbidities that may develop, but can be prevented, by <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and appropriate treatment. We hope this review will help general practitioners and non-endocrinology specialists to suspect secreting pituitary adenomas and refer patients to an endocrinologist for confirmation of the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22377849','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22377849"><span>Under <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of adult ADHD: cultural influences and societal burden.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Asherson, Philip; Akehurst, Ron; Kooij, J J Sandra; Huss, Michael; Beusterien, Kathleen; Sasané, Rahul; Gholizadeh, Shadi; Hodgkins, Paul</p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>To explore the literature focusing on cultural influences in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of adult ADHD and respective societal burden. A review of the literature over the past 10 years was performed using OVID. Although numerous articles focused on <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and burden of adult ADHD, few focused on cultural factors influencing <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Like other mental health disorders, cultural and social perspectives contribute to our understanding of adult ADHD and may play a significant role in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and varying acceptance of the condition. Moreover, adults with ADHD may underestimate the impact of ADHD symptoms, and in many cases have learned to compensate for ADHD related impairments by choosing lifestyles that help compensate for symptoms. Some adults with ADHD may appear to function well, however they may expend excessive amounts of energy to overcome impairments; and they may be distressed by ongoing symptoms such as restlessness, mood instability and low self-esteem. Research shows that ADHD can be detrimental to many areas of life including work, daily activities, social and family relationships and psychological and physical well-being. Patient-reported impairments in productivity due to poor time management, procrastination, and distractibility can translate into significant indirect costs and decreased quality of life. ADHD in adults is also associated with increased accidents, medical resource utilization, antisocial behaviour and drug alcohol abuse. The substantial societal burden of adult ADHD highlights the importance of providing a better understanding of the factors that contribute to <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and of improving the low recognition of the disorder in many world regions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21841404','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21841404"><span>Histopathologic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of eosinophilic conditions in the gastrointestinal tract.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hurrell, Jennifer M; Genta, Robert M; Melton, Shelby D</p> <p>2011-09-01</p> <p>Eosinophils, a constitutive component of the columnar-lined gastrointestinal tract, play an essential role in allergic responses and parasitic infections. The tissue density of these cells also increases in a variety of conditions of uncertain etiology. With the exception of the esophageal squamous epithelium, in which no eosinophils are normally present, the population of normal eosinophils in the remainder of the luminal gut is poorly defined. Therefore, histopathologists must rely on their subjective judgment to determine when a <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of eosinophilic gastritis, enteritis, or colitis should be rendered. Eosinophilic esophagitis is currently the best defined and most studied eosinophilic condition of the digestive tract; therefore, the confidence in <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is increasing. In contrast, the characteristic clinicopathologic features of eosinophilic conditions affecting other parts of the digestive tract remain somewhat elusive. This review was designed to present pathologists with simple and practical information for the biopsy-based histopathologic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of eosinophilic esophagitis, gastritis, enteritis, and colitis. It was prepared by critically reviewing more than 200 articles on the topic, along with incorporating evidence accumulated through our own collective experience. We anticipate that by increasing pathologists' confidence in reporting these abnormal but often nameless eosinophilic infiltrates, we can help better define and characterize their significance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10436681','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10436681"><span>[Delayed <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Chile].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>de los Angeles Avaria, M; Kleinsteuber, K; Herrera, L; Carvallo, P</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most frequent neuromuscular disease in children. To determine the causes of delayed <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of the disease. The clinical records of 61 children diagnosed as Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy were analyzed. the first symptoms of the disease were noticed at a mean age of 1.5 years. Parents consulted at the mean age of 3 years, but the <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was made at a mean age of 5.7 years. In only 15% of children, the disease was diagnosed in the first four years of age. Less than 20% of children were referred for an adequate study and the rest were managed mainly as flat feet. Duchenne dystrophy is the most common neuromuscular disorder in children, with an incidence of 1 in 3679 male newborns. The lack of recognition of non specific symptoms such as retardation in independent walking and frequent falls as forms of presentation, is probably the most important cause of diagnostic delay. Strong recommendation is made to measure creatinphosphokinase and to study every male child that is not walking independently by the age of 18 months.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090028756','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090028756"><span>Using Bayesian Networks for Candidate Generation in Consistency-based <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Narasimhan, Sriram; Mengshoel, Ole</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Consistency-based <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> relies heavily on the assumption that discrepancies between model predictions and sensor observations can be detected <span class="hlt">accurately</span>. When sources of uncertainty like sensor noise and model abstraction exist robust schemes have to be designed to make a binary decision on whether predictions are consistent with observations. This risks the occurrence of false alarms and missed alarms when an erroneous decision is made. Moreover when multiple sensors (with differing sensing properties) are available the degree of match between predictions and observations can be used to guide the search for fault candidates. In this paper we propose a novel approach to handle this problem using Bayesian networks. In the consistency- based <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> formulation, automatically generated Bayesian networks are used to encode a probabilistic measure of fit between predictions and observations. A Bayesian network inference algorithm is used to compute most probable fault candidates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24291851','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24291851"><span>[Initial <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of Parkinson's disease - neuroradiological <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Orimo, Satoshi</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Brain MRI is essential for differentiating Parkinson's disease (PD) from other parkinsonian syndromes. The purpose of performing brain MRI is not to make a <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PD but is to exclude other parkinsonian syndromes. Recently, several new MRI techniques such as voxel based morphometry, relaxometry, magnetization transfer, spectroscopy, tractography, and functional MRI have been introduced in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PD. Neuromelanin imaging is one of the new techniques and can be useful to make an initial <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PD. MIBG myocardial scintigraphy is a sensitive imaging tool to differentiate PD from other parkinsonian syndromes and is one of the good tools to make an initial <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PD. Brain perfusion imaging is sometimes useful to make an initial <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PD, because reduced brain perfusion area can be detected before brain MRI detects morphological changes of the brain. Dopamine transporter imaging, not available in Japan, is a sensitive tool to detect very early parkinsonism and is useful to make an initial <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PD. However, it is difficult to differentiate PD from other parkinsonian syndromes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22433947','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22433947"><span>Diabetes insipidus--<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and management.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Di Iorgi, Natascia; Napoli, Flavia; Allegri, Anna Elsa Maria; Olivieri, Irene; Bertelli, Enrica; Gallizia, Annalisa; Rossi, Andrea; Maghnie, Mohamad</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is the end result of a number of conditions that affect the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system. The known causes include germinoma/craniopharyngioma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), local inflammatory, autoimmune or vascular diseases, trauma resulting from surgery or an accident, sarcoidosis, metastases and midline cerebral and cranial malformations. In rare cases, the underlying cause can be genetic defects in vasopressin synthesis that are inherited as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive traits. The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of the underlying condition is challenging and raises several concerns for patients and parents as it requires long-term follow-up. Proper etiological <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> can be achieved via a series of steps that start with clinical observations and then progress to more sophisticated tools. Specifically, MRI identification of pituitary hyperintensity in the posterior part of the sella, now considered a clear marker of neurohypophyseal functional integrity, together with the careful analysis of pituitary stalk shape and size, have provided the most striking findings contributing to the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and understanding of some forms of 'idiopathic' CDI. MRI STIR (short-inversion-time inversion recovery sequencing) is a promising technology for the early identification of LCH-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> CDI. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3751114','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3751114"><span>Hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency: delay in <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in Europe</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare, debilitating, and potentially life-threatening disease characterized by recurrent edema attacks. Important advances in HAE treatment have been made, including the development of new therapies for treating or preventing attacks. Nevertheless, the disease is still frequently misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated, potentially exposing patients with laryngeal attacks to the risk of asphyxiation. Methods The Icatibant Outcome Survey (IOS) is an international, observational study that documents the clinical outcome of HAE patients eligible for treatment with icatibant. Patient ages at first symptoms and at <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> were recorded at enrolment, and the delay between first symptoms and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was calculated. Results The median [range] diagnostic delay in HAE type I and II patients across eight countries was 8.5 years [0–62.0]. The median delay in <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was longer for HAE type II versus type I (21 versus 8 years, respectively), although this did not quite reach statistical significance. Conclusions Although it can be difficult to differentiate HAE symptoms from those of more common angioedema sub-types (e.g. idiopathic or acquired angioedema), our results show that HAE type I and II patients have an unacceptable delay in <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, even those with a family history of the disease. Raising physician awareness of this disabling and potentially fatal disease may lead to a more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and timely treatment. PMID:23937903</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5225423','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5225423"><span>Novel blood-based microRNA biomarker panel for early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of chronic pancreatitis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Xin, Lei; Gao, Jun; Wang, Dan; Lin, Jin-Huan; Liao, Zhuan; Ji, Jun-Tao; Du, Ting-Ting; Jiang, Fei; Hu, Liang-Hao; Li, Zhao-Shen</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of pancreas. Early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> will improve the prognosis of patients. This study aimed to obtain serum miRNA biomarkers for early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of CP. In the current study, we analyzed the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) of CP patients from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the DEmiRs in plasma of early CP patients (n = 10) from clinic by miRNA microarrays. Expression levels of DEmiRs were further tested in clinical samples including early CP patients (n = 20), late CP patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 18). The primary endpoints were area under curve (AUC) and expression levels of DEmiRs. Four DEmiRs (hsa-miR-320a-d) were obtained from GEO CP, meanwhile two (hsa-miR-221 and hsa-miR-130a) were identified as distinct biomarkers of early CP by miRNA microarrays. When applied on clinical serum samples, hsa-miR-320a-d were <span class="hlt">accurate</span> in predicting late CP, while hsa-miR-221 and hsa-miR-130a were <span class="hlt">accurate</span> in predicting early CP with AUC of 100.0% and 87.5%. Our study indicates that miRNA expression profile is different in early and late CP. Hsa-miR-221 and hsa-miR-130a are biomarkers of early CP, and the panel of the above 6 serum miRNAs has the potential to be applied clinically for early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of CP. PMID:28074846</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24646024','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24646024"><span>Universal algorithm for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of biventricular capture in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jastrzebski, Marek; Kukla, Piotr; Fijorek, Kamil; Czarnecka, Danuta</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>An <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and universal method for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of biventricular (BiV) capture using a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) would be useful for assessment of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) patients. Our objective was to develop and validate such an ECG method for BiV capture <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> that would be independent of pacing lead positions-a major confounder that significantly influences the morphologies of paced QRS complexes. On the basis of an evaluation of 789 ECGs of 443 patients with heart failure and various right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) lead positions, the following algorithm was constructed and validated. BiV capture was diagnosed if the QRS in lead I was predominantly negative and either V1 QRS was predominantly positive or V6 QRS was of negative onset and predominantly negative (step 1), or if QRS complex duration was <160 ms (step 2). All other ECGs were classified as loss of LV capture. The algorithm showed good accuracy (93%), sensitivity (97%), and specificity (90%) for detection of loss of LV capture. The performance of the algorithm did not differ among apical, midseptal, and outflow tract RV lead positions and various LV lead positions. LV capture leaves diagnostic hallmarks in the fused BiV QRS related to different vectors of depolarization and more rapid depolarization of the ventricles. An <span class="hlt">accurate</span> two-step ECG algorithm for BiV capture <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was developed and validated. This algorithm is universally applicable to all CRT patients, regardless of the positions of the pacing leads. ©2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27797270','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27797270"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and management of factor V Leiden.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Campello, Elena; Spiezia, Luca; Simioni, Paolo</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The discovery of the factor V Leiden (FVL) missense mutation (Arg506Gln) causing factor V resistance to the anticoagulant action of activated protein C was a landmark that allowed a better understanding of the basis of inherited thrombotic risk. FVL mutation is currently the most common known hereditary defect predisposing to venous thrombosis. Areas covered: Novel data-driven FVL <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and therapeutic approaches in the management of FVL carriers in various clinical settings. Brief conclusions on topics of direct clinical relevance including currently available indications for primary and secondary prophylaxis, the management of female, pediatric carriers and asymptomatic relatives. Latest evidence on the association between FVL and cancer, as well as the possible use of direct oral anticoagulant therapy. Expert commentary: Although FVL <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> nowadays is highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span>, many doubts remain regarding the best management and therapeutic protocols. The main role of clinicians is to tailor therapeutic strategies to carriers and their relatives. High familial penetrance, distinctive aspects of the first thrombotic event (provoked/unprovoked, age, etc.) and laboratory biomarkers can guide the optimal management of secondary antithrombotic prophylaxis, primary prophylaxis in asymptomatic individuals, and whether to screen relatives.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29526429','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29526429"><span>[<span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and management of de novo epilepsy].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Louise, Tyvaert</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of de novo epilepsy is complex. An <span class="hlt">accurate</span> diagnostic approach has to be followed based on specific key steps. Epileptic seizure or non-epileptic malaise: risk of <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> error around 20%. Facing a first unprovoked seizure, the practitioner has to know the risk factors specifically linked to an increase risk of seizure recurrence. In presence of these factors, an antiepileptic drug would be indicated. The first antiepileptic drug has to be highly selected according to the epilepsy type and causes but also to the patient characteristics (sex, age, comorbidities, associated drugs, profession, and way of life…) An exhaustive patient Education needs to support the first antiepileptic drug prescription: (sleep and nutritional advices, benefit of observance, antiepileptic drugs features and side effects, follow-up, prognosis…) A regular follow-up is essential to control the observance, tolerability and efficacy of the antiepileptic drug, and to control also the good acceptance of the disease. A systematic research of common comorbidities may be also performed. Electroencephalogram and antiepileptic drugs levels are unnecessary in the classical follow up of known epileptic patients (except specific cases). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4607112','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4607112"><span>Proof-of-principle rapid noninvasive prenatal <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of autosomal recessive founder mutations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zeevi, David A.; Altarescu, Gheona; Weinberg-Shukron, Ariella; Zahdeh, Fouad; Dinur, Tama; Chicco, Gaya; Herskovitz, Yair; Renbaum, Paul; Elstein, Deborah; Levy-Lahad, Ephrat; Rolfs, Arndt; Zimran, Ari</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>BACKGROUND. Noninvasive prenatal testing can be used to <span class="hlt">accurately</span> detect chromosomal aneuploidies in circulating fetal DNA; however, the necessity of parental haplotype construction is a primary drawback to noninvasive prenatal <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> (NIPD) of monogenic disease. Family-specific haplotype assembly is essential for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of minuscule amounts of circulating cell-free fetal DNA; however, current haplotyping techniques are too time-consuming and laborious to be carried out within the limited time constraints of prenatal testing, hampering practical application of NIPD in the clinic. Here, we have addressed this pitfall and devised a universal strategy for rapid NIPD of a prevalent mutation in the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population. METHODS. Pregnant AJ couples, carrying mutation(s) in GBA, which encodes acid β-glucosidase, were recruited at the SZMC Gaucher Clinic. Targeted next-generation sequencing of GBA-flanking SNPs was performed on peripheral blood samples from each couple, relevant mutation carrier family members, and unrelated individuals who are homozygotes for an AJ founder mutation. Allele-specific haplotypes were constructed based on linkage, and a consensus Gaucher disease–associated founder mutation–flanking haplotype was fine mapped. Together, these haplotypes were used for NIPD. All test results were validated by conventional prenatal or postnatal diagnostic methods. RESULTS. Ten parental alleles in eight unrelated fetuses were diagnosed successfully based on the noninvasive method developed in this study. The consensus mutation–flanking haplotype aided <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for 6 of 9 founder mutation alleles. CONCLUSIONS. The founder NIPD method developed and described here is rapid, economical, and readily adaptable for prenatal testing of prevalent autosomal recessive disease-causing mutations in an assortment of worldwide populations. FUNDING. SZMC, Protalix Biotherapeutics Inc., and Centogene AG. PMID:26426075</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23378560','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23378560"><span>Comparison of PCR, culturing and Pap smear microscopy for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of genital Actinomyces.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kaya, Dilek; Demirezen, Şayeste; Hasçelik, Gülşen; Gülmez Kivanç, Dolunay; Beksaç, Mehmet Sinan</p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p>Members of the genus Actinomyces, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria, are normal inhabitants of the mucosal surfaces of the oral, gastrointestinal and genital tracts. Identification of these bacteria using conventional methods is generally difficult because of their complex transport and growth requirements and their fastidious and slow-growing nature. However, in recent years, the advancement of molecular techniques has provided much improved identification and differentiation of closely related Actinomyces species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the PCR technique in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of genital Actinomyces in comparison with culturing and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear microscopy. Multiple sampling was conducted from 200 women using smear microscopy, culturing and PCR. Cyto-brushes were smeared on glass slides and stained using the routine Pap technique. Culturing was performed from a sterile swab, and Actinomyces were determined using the BBL Crystal ANR ID kit. PCR was performed from a second swab, and the Actinomyces type was determined using type-specific primers designed in our laboratory. Only one vaginal fluid sample (0.5%) revealed Actinomyces-like organisms on Pap smear examination. Actinomyces were detected in nine samples (4.5%) using the BBL Crystal ANR ID kit. Using PCR, eight samples (4%) were found positive for Actinomyces. No specimens that gave positive results by Pap smear microscopy and culturing could be confirmed by PCR. Pap smear microscopy and culturing were both found to have zero sensitivity for Actinomyces. PCR appears to be a sensitive and reliable diagnostic method for the detection of Actinomyces, which are difficult to cultivate from genital samples. PCR can be used for diagnostic confirmation in cases diagnosed by conventional methods, to prevent false-positive results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=machine+AND+learning&pg=6&id=ED575927','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=machine+AND+learning&pg=6&id=ED575927"><span>Obtaining <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Probabilities Using Classifier Calibration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Pakdaman Naeini, Mahdi</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Learning probabilistic classification and prediction models that generate <span class="hlt">accurate</span> probabilities is essential in many prediction and decision-making tasks in machine learning and data mining. One way to achieve this goal is to post-process the output of classification models to obtain more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> probabilities. These post-processing methods are…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CoPhC.187..106Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CoPhC.187..106Z"><span>Approaching system equilibrium with <span class="hlt">accurate</span> or not <span class="hlt">accurate</span> feedback information in a two-route system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhao, Xiao-mei; Xie, Dong-fan; Li, Qi</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>With the development of intelligent transport system, advanced information feedback strategies have been developed to reduce traffic congestion and enhance the capacity. However, previous strategies provide <span class="hlt">accurate</span> information to travelers and our simulation results show that <span class="hlt">accurate</span> information brings negative effects, especially in delay case. Because travelers prefer to the best condition route with <span class="hlt">accurate</span> information, and delayed information cannot reflect current traffic condition but past. Then travelers make wrong routing decisions, causing the decrease of the capacity and the increase of oscillations and the system deviating from the equilibrium. To avoid the negative effect, bounded rationality is taken into account by introducing a boundedly rational threshold BR. When difference between two routes is less than the BR, routes have equal probability to be chosen. The bounded rationality is helpful to improve the efficiency in terms of capacity, oscillation and the gap deviating from the system equilibrium.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29285467','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29285467"><span>Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and Treatment Planning in Dentistry: An Update.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shukla, Sagrika; Chug, Ashi; Afrashtehfar, Kelvin I</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment planning are the backbone of any medical therapy; for this reason, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was introduced and has been widely used. CBCT technology provides a three-dimensional image viewing, enabling exact location and extent of lesions or any anatomical region. For the very same reason, CBCT can not only be used for surgical fields but also for fields such as endodontics, prosthodontics, and orthodontics for appropriate treatment planning and effective dental care. The aim and clinical significance of this review are to update dental clinicians on the CBCT applications in each dental specialty for an appropriate <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and more predictable treatment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ChJME..29..396Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ChJME..29..396Z"><span>Intelligent <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of short hydraulic signal based on improved EEMD and SVM with few low-dimensional training samples</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Meijun; Tang, Jian; Zhang, Xiaoming; Zhang, Jiaojiao</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>The high <span class="hlt">accurate</span> classification ability of an intelligent <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> method often needs a large amount of training samples with high-dimensional eigenvectors, however the characteristics of the signal need to be extracted <span class="hlt">accurately</span>. Although the existing EMD(empirical mode decomposition) and EEMD(ensemble empirical mode decomposition) are suitable for processing non-stationary and non-linear signals, but when a short signal, such as a hydraulic impact signal, is concerned, their decomposition accuracy become very poor. An improve EEMD is proposed specifically for short hydraulic impact signals. The improvements of this new EEMD are mainly reflected in four aspects, including self-adaptive de-noising based on EEMD, signal extension based on SVM(support vector machine), extreme center fitting based on cubic spline interpolation, and pseudo component exclusion based on cross-correlation analysis. After the energy eigenvector is extracted from the result of the improved EEMD, the fault pattern recognition based on SVM with small amount of low-dimensional training samples is studied. At last, the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> ability of improved EEMD+SVM method is compared with the EEMD+SVM and EMD+SVM methods, and its <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> accuracy is distinctly higher than the other two methods no matter the dimension of the eigenvectors are low or high. The improved EEMD is very propitious for the decomposition of short signal, such as hydraulic impact signal, and its combination with SVM has high ability for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of hydraulic impact faults.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28384126','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28384126"><span>An automated method for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> vessel segmentation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Xin; Liu, Chaoyue; Le Minh, Hung; Wang, Zhiwei; Chien, Aichi; Cheng, Kwang-Ting Tim</p> <p>2017-05-07</p> <p>Vessel segmentation is a critical task for various medical applications, such as <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> assistance of diabetic retinopathy, quantification of cerebral aneurysm's growth, and guiding surgery in neurosurgical procedures. Despite technology advances in image segmentation, existing methods still suffer from low accuracy for vessel segmentation in the two challenging while common scenarios in clinical usage: (1) regions with a low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), and (2) at vessel boundaries disturbed by adjacent non-vessel pixels. In this paper, we present an automated system which can achieve highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span> vessel segmentation for both 2D and 3D images even under these challenging scenarios. Three key contributions achieved by our system are: (1) a progressive contrast enhancement method to adaptively enhance contrast of challenging pixels that were otherwise indistinguishable, (2) a boundary refinement method to effectively improve segmentation accuracy at vessel borders based on Canny edge detection, and (3) a content-aware region-of-interests (ROI) adjustment method to automatically determine the locations and sizes of ROIs which contain ambiguous pixels and demand further verification. Extensive evaluation of our method is conducted on both 2D and 3D datasets. On a public 2D retinal dataset (named DRIVE (Staal 2004 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 23 501-9)) and our 2D clinical cerebral dataset, our approach achieves superior performance to the state-of-the-art methods including a vesselness based method (Frangi 1998 Int. Conf. on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention) and an optimally oriented flux (OOF) based method (Law and Chung 2008 European Conf. on Computer Vision). An evaluation on 11 clinical 3D CTA cerebral datasets shows that our method can achieve 94% average accuracy with respect to the manual segmentation reference, which is 23% to 33% better than the five baseline methods (Yushkevich 2006 Neuroimage 31 1116-28; Law and Chung 2008</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16433157','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16433157"><span>Comparison of clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and microbiological test results in vaginal infections.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Karaca, M; Bayram, A; Kocoglu, M E; Gocmen, A; Eksi, F</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Lower genital tract infections continue to be a problem due to the fact that the clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is usually inadequate, and subsequent care is suboptimal. This study aimed at evaluating the accuracy of clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> by comparing it with microbiologic test results, and to determine the causative agents of vaginal infections. Sixty-seven nonpregnant women (18-45 years of age) with the clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of lower genital tract infection were enrolled in the study. Patients were not included if they had a history of vaginal infection during the previous three-month period or intrauterine device. The clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was based on the combinations of symptoms, direct observation of wet mount, homogeneous discharge, vaginal pH > 4.5, and detection of the amine odor after exposure of vaginal secretions to 10% KOH. Vaginal samples were taken with two cotton swabs, one was used for pH determination, and the second was utilized for microbiological tests. Gram staining and cultures with Sabouraud agar and chocolate agar were performed for microbiological <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, and the results were compared. The clinical diagnoses included 26 (38.8%) candidiasis, 18 (26.8%) bacterial vaginosis, three (4.5%) trichomoniasis, and 20 (29.9%) mixed vaginal infections. Of the 26 patients with clinical diagnoses of candidiasis, 12 (46.1%) revealed Candiada albicans, nine (34.6) patients revealed microorganisms other than candida species, and five (19.2%) patients had no growth. Five (27.8%) bacterial vaginosis patients revealed Gardnarella vaginalis and 12 patients (66.6%) did not grow any microorganism. The overall rate of <span class="hlt">accurate</span> clinical diagnoses confirmed by microbiological test results was 43.2%. Seventeen (43.6) of the 39 microbiological test results correlated with clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, and no growth was observed in 28 (41.8%) cultures. We conclude that the clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of vaginal infection is inadequate and should be confirmed with microbiological testing if the resources</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29848102','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29848102"><span>Investigation of time-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> risk of mental disorders after infertility <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, through survival analysis and data mining: a nationwide cohort study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Jong-Yi; Chen, Jen-De; Huang, Chun-Chi; Liu, Chiu-Shong; Chung, Tsai-Fang; Hsieh, Ming-Hong; Wang, Chia-Woei</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Infertile patients are vulnerable to mental disorders. However, a time-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> model predicting the onset of mental disorders specific to infertile patients is lacking. This study examined the risk factors for the development of mental disorders in infertile patients and measured the duration until the occurrence of mental disorders after a <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of infertility. A total of 13,317 infertile patients in the 2002-2013 Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were observed. The 11 independent variables included in the hypothesised model, together with the dates of infertility and mental disorder diagnoses, were analysed using Cox proportional hazards. Data-mining methods using C5.0 and Apriori supplemented the statistical analyses. The total prevalence rate of mental disorders among infertile patients in Taiwan was 12.41%, including anxiety (4.66%), depression (1.81%) and other mental disorders (5.94%). The average time interval for onset of mental illness identified using survival analysis was 1.67 years. Income, occupation, treatment method, co-morbidity, region and hospital level and ownership were significant predictors of development of mental illness (all p < .05). The four categories of factors associated with time-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> onset were demographics, health, health care provider and geographical characteristics. Certain patient characteristics may predict a higher likelihood of onset of a specific mental disorder. Clinical practitioners may use the findings to identify high-risk patients and make timely health interventions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4012333','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4012333"><span>Impact of Physician Awareness on <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of Fetomaternal Hemorrhage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Stroustrup, Annemarie; Plafkin, Callie; Savitz, David A.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Background Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is a poorly understood condition in which the placenta allows transmission of fetal whole blood to the mother. FMH can cause fetal anemia resulting in critical illness, death, or lifelong disability. Ascertainment of the incidence of FMH is limited by reliance on retrospective studies that are <span class="hlt">dependent</span> on a <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of FMH being made at the time of patient presentation. Objective To determine whether the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of FMH is made more frequently after an educational intervention to increase physician awareness of the condition. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all neonates born at our institution from 1988 through 2010. The medical records of all neonates diagnosed with anemia in the first 24 hours of life were reviewed. The incidence of FMH as a documented etiology of anemia was compared between infants born before and after our educational intervention. Results Of 124,738 births during the study period, 572 neonates with neonatal anemia were identified. Twenty-three cases of FMH demonstrated by positive Kleihauer-Betke (KB) testing occurred in our cohort. The incidence of diagnosed FMH prior to our intervention was 22 per 1000 anemic neonates compared to 182 per 1000 afterwards (p<0.001) while the incidence of neonatal anemia remained unchanged (p=0.377). Conclusions Fetomaternal hemorrhage may be a significant cause of neonatal anemia. <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of FMH is highly <span class="hlt">dependent</span> on physician awareness of the condition. Incorrect or absent <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of the etiology of neonatal anemia has significant implications for our understanding of the epidemiology of FMH. PMID:24526231</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25421780','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25421780"><span>Chronic Pain: Content Validation of Nursing <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> in Slovakia and the Czech Republic.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zeleníková, Renáta; Maniaková, Lenka</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>The main purpose of the study was to validate the defining characteristics and related factors of the nursing <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> "chronic pain" in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. This is a descriptive study. The validation process involved was based on Fehring's Diagnostic Content Validity Model. Three defining characteristics (reports pain, altered ability to continue previous activities, and depression) were classified as major by Slovak nurses, and one defining characteristic (reports pain) was classified as major by Czech nurses. The results of the study provide guidance in devising strategies of pain assessment and can aid in the formulation of <span class="hlt">accurate</span> nursing diagnoses. The defining characteristic "reports pain" is important for arriving at the nursing <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> "chronic pain." © 2014 NANDA International, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SPIE10579E..1OW','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SPIE10579E..1OW"><span>EyeMIAS: a cloud-based ophthalmic image reading and auxiliary <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wu, Di; Zhao, Heming; Yu, Kai; Chen, Xinjian</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Relying solely on ophthalmic equipment is unable to meet the present health needs. It is urgent to find an efficient way to provide a quick screening and early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> on diabetic retinopathy and other ophthalmic diseases. The purpose of this study is to develop a cloud-base system for medical image especially ophthalmic image to store, view and process and accelerate the screening and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. In this purpose the system with web application, upload client, storage <span class="hlt">dependency</span> and algorithm support is implemented. After five alpha tests, the system bore the thousands of large traffic access and generated hundreds of reports with <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/198059-differential-diagnosis-regional-cerebral-hyperfixation-tc-hmpao-spect-imaging','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/198059-differential-diagnosis-regional-cerebral-hyperfixation-tc-hmpao-spect-imaging"><span>Differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of regional cerebral hyperfixation of TC-99m HMPAO on SPECT imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Shirazi, P.; Konopka, L.; Crayton, J.W.</p> <p>1994-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> diagnostic evaluation of patients with neurologic and neuropsychiatric disease is important because early treatment may halt disease progression and prevent impairment or disability. Cerebral hyperfixation of HMPAO has been ascribed to luxury perfusion following ischemic infarction. The present study sought to identify other conditions that also display radiotracer hyperfixation in order to develop a differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of this finding on SPECT imaging. Two hundred fifty (n=250) successive cerebral SPECT images were reviewed for evidence of HMPAO hyperfixation. Hyperfixation was defined as enhanced focal perfusion surrounded by a zone of diminished or normal cerebral perfusion. All patients were scanned aftermore » intravenous injection of 25 mCi Tc-99m HMPAO. Volume-rendered and oblique images were obtained with a Trionix triple-head SPECT system using ultra high resolution fan beam collimators. Thirteen (13/250; 5%) of the patients exhibited regions of HMPAO hyperfixation. CT or MRI abnormalities were detected in 6/13 cases. Clinical diagnoses in these patients included intractable psychosis, post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol and narcotic <span class="hlt">dependence</span>, major depression, acute closed-head trauma, hypothyroidism, as well as subacute ischemic infarction. A wide variety of conditions may be associated with cerebral hyperfixation of HMPAO. These conditions include neurologic and psychiatric diagnoses, and extend the consideration of hyperfixation beyond ischemic infarction. Consequently, a differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of HMPAO hyperfixation may be broader than originally considered, and this may suggest a fundamental role for local cerebral hyperperfusion. Elucidation of the fundamental mechanism(s) for cerebral hyperperfusion requires further investigation.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4142003','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4142003"><span>Visuoperception test predicts pathologic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of Alzheimer disease in corticobasal syndrome</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tierney, Michael; Wassermann, Eric M.; Spina, Salvatore; Oblak, Adrian L.; Ghetti, Bernardino; Grafman, Jordan; Huey, Edward</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Objective: To use the Visual Object and Space Perception Battery (VOSP) to distinguish Alzheimer disease (AD) from non-AD pathology in corticobasal syndrome (CBS). Methods: This clinicopathologic study assessed 36 patients with CBS on the VOSP. All were autopsied. The primary <span class="hlt">dependent</span> variable was a binary pathologic outcome: patients with CBS who had primary pathologic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of AD (CBS-AD, n = 10) vs patients with CBS without primary pathologic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of AD (CBS-nonAD, n = 26). We also determined sensitivity and specificity of individual VOSP subtests. Results: Patients with CBS-AD had younger onset (54.5 vs 63.6 years, p = 0.001) and lower memory scores on the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale–2 (16 vs 22 points, p = 0.003). Failure on the VOSP subtests Incomplete Letters (odds ratio [OR] 11.5, p = 0.006), Position Discrimination (OR 10.86, p = 0.008), Number Location (OR 12.27, p = 0.026), and Cube Analysis (OR 45.71 p = 0.0001) had significantly greater odds of CBS-AD than CBS-nonAD. These associations remained when adjusting for total Mattis Dementia Rating score, disease laterality, education, age, and sex. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated significant accuracy for Incomplete Letters and all VOSP spatial subtests, with Cube Analysis performing best (area under the curve 0.91, p = 0.0004). Conclusions: In patients with CBS, failure on specific VOSP subtests is associated with greater odds of having underlying AD. There may be preferential involvement of the dorsal stream in CBS-AD. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class II evidence that some subtests of the VOSP <span class="hlt">accurately</span> distinguish patients with CBS-AD from those without AD pathology (e.g., Cube Analysis sensitivity 100%, specificity 77%). PMID:24991033</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/530617-chronic-beryllium-disease-diagnosis-management','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/530617-chronic-beryllium-disease-diagnosis-management"><span>Chronic beryllium disease: <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and management</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Rossman, M.D.</p> <p>1996-10-01</p> <p>Chronic beryllium disease is predominantly a pulmonary granulomatosis that was originally described in 1946. Symptoms usually include dyspnea and cough. Fever, anorexia, and weight loss are common. Skin lesions are the most common extrathoracic manifestation. Granulomatous hepatitis, hypercalcemia, and kidney stones can also occur. Radiographic and physiologic abnormalities are similar to those in sarcoidosis. While traditionally the pathologic changes included granulomas and cellular interstitial changes, the hallmark of the disease today is the well-formed granuloma. Immunologic studies have demonstrated a cell-mediated response to beryllium that is due to an accumulation of CD4{sup +} T cells at the site of diseasemore » activity. <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> <span class="hlt">depends</span> on the demonstration of pathologic changes (i.e., granuloma) and evidence that the granuloma was caused by a hypersensitivity to beryllium (i.e., positive lung proliferative response to beryllium). Using these criteria, the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of chronic beryllium disease can now be made before the onset of clinical symptoms. Whether, with early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, the natural course of this condition will be the same as when it was traditionally diagnosed is not known. Currently, corticosteroids are used to treat patients with significant symptoms or evidence of progressive disease. 21 refs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4746837','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4746837"><span>F-18 fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of avascular necrosis of the femoral head: Comparison with magnetic resonance imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gayana, Shankaramurthy; Bhattacharya, Anish; Sen, Ramesh Kumar; Singh, Paramjeet; Prakash, Mahesh; Mittal, Bhagwant Rai</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Objective: Femoral head avascular necrosis (FHAVN) is one of the increasingly common causes of musculoskeletal disability and poses a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Although radiography, scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been widely used in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of FHAVN, positron emission tomography (PET) has recently been evaluated to assess vascularity of the femoral head. In this study, the authors compared F-18 fluoride PET/CT with MRI in the initial <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of FHAVN. Patients and Methods: We prospectively studied 51 consecutive patients with a high clinical suspicion of FHAVN. All patients underwent MRI and F-18 fluoride PET/CT, the time interval between the two scans being 4–10 (mean 8) days. Two nuclear medicine physicians blinded to the MRI report read the PET/CT scans. Clinical assessment was also done. Final diagnoses were made by surgical pathology or clinical and radiologic follow-up. Results: A final <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of avascular necrosis (AVN) was made in 40 patients. MRI was 96.5% sensitive, 100% specific, and 98.03% <span class="hlt">accurate</span> while PET/CT was 100% sensitive, specific, and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> in diagnosing FHAVN. The agreement between the two imaging modalities for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of AVN was 96.07%. Conclusion: F-18 fluoride PET/CT showed good agreement with MRI in the initial <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of FHAVN and can be better than MRI in detecting early disease. PMID:26917886</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9420E..0LL','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9420E..0LL"><span>Color model comparative analysis for breast cancer <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> using H and E stained images</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Xingyu; Plataniotis, Konstantinos N.</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>Digital cancer <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is a research realm where signal processing techniques are used to analyze and to classify color histopathology images. Different from grayscale image analysis of magnetic resonance imaging or X-ray, colors in histopathology images convey large amount of histological information and thus play significant role in cancer <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Though color information is widely used in histopathology works, as today, there is few study on color model selections for feature extraction in cancer <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> schemes. This paper addresses the problem of color space selection for digital cancer classification using H and E stained images, and investigates the effectiveness of various color models (RGB, HSV, CIE L*a*b*, and stain-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> H and E decomposition model) in breast cancer <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Particularly, we build a <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> framework as a comparison benchmark and take specific concerns of medical decision systems into account in evaluation. The evaluation methodologies include feature discriminate power evaluation and final <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> performance comparison. Experimentation on a publicly accessible histopathology image set suggests that the H and E decomposition model outperforms other assessed color spaces. For reasons behind various performance of color spaces, our analysis via mutual information estimation demonstrates that color components in the H and E model are less <span class="hlt">dependent</span>, and thus most feature discriminate power is collected in one channel instead of spreading out among channels in other color spaces.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2931434','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2931434"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of Brucellosis in Livestock and Wildlife</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Godfroid, Jacques; Nielsen, Klaus; Saegerman, Claude</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Aim To describe and discuss the merits of various direct and indirect methods applied in vitro (mainly on blood or milk) or in vivo (allergic test) for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of brucellosis in animals. Methods The recent literature on brucellosis diagnostic tests was reviewed. These diagnostic tests are applied with different goals, such as national screening, confirmatory <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, certification, and international trade. The validation of such diagnostic tests is still an issue, particularly in wildlife. The choice of the testing strategy <span class="hlt">depends</span> on the prevailing brucellosis epidemiological situation and the goal of testing. Results Measuring the kinetics of antibody production after Brucella spp. infection is essential for analyzing serological results correctly and may help to predict abortion. Indirect ELISAs help to discriminate 1) between false positive serological reactions and true brucellosis and 2) between vaccination and infection. Biotyping of Brucella spp. provides valuable epidemiological information that allows tracing an infection back to the sources in instances where several biotypes of a given Brucella species are circulating. Polymerase chain reaction and new molecular methods are likely to be used as routine typing and fingerprinting methods in the coming years. Conclusion The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of brucellosis in livestock and wildlife is complex and serological results need to be carefully analyzed. The B. abortus S19 and B. melitensis Rev. 1 vaccines are the cornerstones of control programs in cattle and small ruminants, respectively. There is no vaccine available for pigs or for wildlife. In the absence of a human brucellosis vaccine, prevention of human brucellosis <span class="hlt">depends</span> on the control of the disease in animals. PMID:20718082</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21544785','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21544785"><span>[Definition of the <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> Osteomyelitis-Osteomyelitis <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> Score (ODS)].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schmidt, H G K; Tiemann, A H; Braunschweig, R; Diefenbeck, M; Bühler, M; Abitzsch, D; Haustedt, N; Walter, G; Schoop, R; Heppert, V; Hofmann, G O; Glombitza, M; Grimme, C; Gerlach, U-J; Flesch, I</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>The disease "osteomyelitis" is characterised by different symptoms and parameters. Decisive roles in the development of the disease are played by the causative bacteria, the route of infection and the individual defense mechanisms of the host. The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is based on different symptoms and findings from the clinical history, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, diagnostic imaging, microbiological and histopathological analyses. While different osteomyelitis classifications have been published, there is to the best of our knowledge no score that gives information how sure the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> "osteomyelitis" is in general. For any scientific study of a disease a valid definition is essential. We have developed a special osteomyelitis <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> score for the reliable classification of clinical, laboratory and technical findings. The score is based on five diagnostic procedures: 1) clinical history and risk factors, 2) clinical examination and laboratory results, 3) diagnostic imaging (ultrasound, radiology, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine and hybrid methods), 4) microbiology, and 5) histopathology. Each diagnostic procedure is related to many individual findings, which are weighted by a score system, in order to achieve a relevant value for each assessment. If the sum of the five diagnostic criteria is 18 or more points, the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of osteomyelitis can be viewed as "safe" (<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> class A). Between 8-17 points the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is "probable" (<span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> class B). Less than 8 points means that the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is "possible, but unlikely" (class C <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>). Since each parameter can score six points at a maximum, a reliable <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> can only be achieved if at least 3 parameters are scored with 6 points. The osteomyelitis <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> score should help to avoid the false description of a clinical presentation as "osteomyelitis". A safe <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is essential for the aetiology, treatment and outcome studies of osteomyelitis. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25559926','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25559926"><span>Increased diagnostic activity in general practice during the year preceding colorectal cancer <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hansen, Pernille Libach; Hjertholm, Peter; Vedsted, Peter</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> diagnostic activity in general practice before colorectal cancer (CRC) <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is crucial for an early detection of CRC. This study aimed to investigate the rates of daytime consultations, hemoglobin (Hb) measurements and medicine prescriptions for hemorrhoids in general practice in the year preceding CRC <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Using Danish registries, we conducted a population-based matched cohort study including CRC patients aged 40-80 years (n = 19,209) and matched references (n = 192,090). We calculated odds ratios (ORs) using a conditional logistical regression model and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using a negative binomial regression model. The CRC patients had significantly more consultations from 9 months before <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and significantly increased rates of Hb measurements from up to 17 months before <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> compared with references. Furthermore, up to 18 months before <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, CRC patients had significantly higher rates of prescriptions for hemorrhoids; and 2 months before <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, the IRR was 12.24 (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.29-14.55) for men. The positive predictive value (PPV) of CRC for having a first-time prescription for hemorrhoids was highest among men aged 70-80 years [PPV = 3.2% (95% CI: 2.8-3.7)]. High prescription rates were predominantly seen among rectal cancer patients, whereas colon cancer patients had higher rates of consultations and Hb measurements. This study revealed a significant increase in healthcare seeking and diagnostic activity in general practice in the year prior to CRC <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, which indicates the presence of a "diagnostic time window" and a potential for earlier <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of CRC based on clinical signs and symptoms. © 2015 UICC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29641573','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29641573"><span>Systematic evaluation of a targeted gene capture sequencing panel for molecular <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of retinitis pigmentosa.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Hui; Chen, Yanhua; Chen, Huishuang; Ma, Yuanyuan; Chiang, Pei-Wen; Zhong, Jing; Liu, Xuyang; Asan; Wu, Jing; Su, Yan; Li, Xin; Deng, Jianlian; Huang, Yingping; Zhang, Xinxin; Li, Yang; Fan, Ning; Wang, Ying; Tang, Lihui; Shen, Jinting; Chen, Meiyan; Zhang, Xiuqing; Te, Deng; Banerjee, Santasree; Liu, Hui; Qi, Ming; Yi, Xin</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Inherited eye diseases are major causes of vision loss in both children and adults. Inherited eye diseases are characterized by clinical variability and pronounced genetic heterogeneity. Genetic testing may provide an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for ophthalmic genetic disorders and allow gene therapy for specific diseases. A targeted gene capture panel was designed to capture exons of 283 inherited eye disease genes including 58 known causative retinitis pigmentosa (RP) genes. 180 samples were tested with this panel, 68 were previously tested by Sanger sequencing. Systematic evaluation of our method and comprehensive molecular <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> were carried on 99 RP patients. 96.85% targeted regions were covered by at least 20 folds, the accuracy of variants detection was 99.994%. In 4 of the 68 samples previously tested by Sanger sequencing, mutations of other diseases not consisting with the clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> were detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) not Sanger. Among the 99 RP patients, 64 (64.6%) were detected with pathogenic mutations, while in 3 patients, it was inconsistent between molecular <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and their initial clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. After revisiting, one patient's clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was reclassified. In addition, 3 patients were found carrying large deletions. We have systematically evaluated our method and compared it with Sanger sequencing, and have identified a large number of novel mutations in a cohort of 99 RP patients. The results showed a sufficient accuracy of our method and suggested the importance of molecular <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5894961','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5894961"><span>Systematic evaluation of a targeted gene capture sequencing panel for molecular <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of retinitis pigmentosa</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ma, Yuanyuan; Chiang, Pei-Wen; Zhong, Jing; Liu, Xuyang; Asan; Wu, Jing; Su, Yan; Li, Xin; Deng, Jianlian; Huang, Yingping; Zhang, Xinxin; Li, Yang; Fan, Ning; Wang, Ying; Tang, Lihui; Shen, Jinting; Chen, Meiyan; Zhang, Xiuqing; Te, Deng; Banerjee, Santasree; Liu, Hui; Qi, Ming; Yi, Xin</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Background Inherited eye diseases are major causes of vision loss in both children and adults. Inherited eye diseases are characterized by clinical variability and pronounced genetic heterogeneity. Genetic testing may provide an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for ophthalmic genetic disorders and allow gene therapy for specific diseases. Methods A targeted gene capture panel was designed to capture exons of 283 inherited eye disease genes including 58 known causative retinitis pigmentosa (RP) genes. 180 samples were tested with this panel, 68 were previously tested by Sanger sequencing. Systematic evaluation of our method and comprehensive molecular <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> were carried on 99 RP patients. Results 96.85% targeted regions were covered by at least 20 folds, the accuracy of variants detection was 99.994%. In 4 of the 68 samples previously tested by Sanger sequencing, mutations of other diseases not consisting with the clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> were detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) not Sanger. Among the 99 RP patients, 64 (64.6%) were detected with pathogenic mutations, while in 3 patients, it was inconsistent between molecular <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and their initial clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. After revisiting, one patient’s clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was reclassified. In addition, 3 patients were found carrying large deletions. Conclusions We have systematically evaluated our method and compared it with Sanger sequencing, and have identified a large number of novel mutations in a cohort of 99 RP patients. The results showed a sufficient accuracy of our method and suggested the importance of molecular <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. PMID:29641573</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010SPIE.7745E..0XP','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010SPIE.7745E..0XP"><span>Medical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment using high-resolution manometry with computer-aided system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pedowski, Tomasz; Wasiewicz, Piotr; Maciejewski, Ryszard; Wallner, Grzegorz</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>Nowadays computers analyze medical data almost in every <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment steps. We develop new technology which gives us better and more precise <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. We chose esophageal high resolution manometry with impedance (HRMI) which has been considered as a "gold standard" test for esophageal motility. HRMI is the next generation of manometry explanation which is more sensitive and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> to EFT. Examination allows physicians to ger information about esophageal peristalsis, amplitude and duration of the esophageal contraction and liquid/viscous bolus transit time from mouth through stomach. In 2008 we examined 80 patients using "old" EFT manometry and 80 patients in 2009 using high resolution manometry (HRMI). Everybody got manometry, endoscopy and x-ray examination. We asked about symptoms which we correlate and connect with data from EFT and HRMI. We tried to find a good algorithm for this purpose in order to do a simple and helpful tool for physician to make righta <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment decision. Connection between data and symptoms seems to be right and clear, but finding a good algorithm for given data is the main problem.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28682280','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28682280"><span>Oral health considerations in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. 1. Symptomatology and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bassiouny, Mohamed A</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Eating disorders have captured the attention of medical and dental professionals as well as the public for decades and continue to raise concern today. The literature devoted to anorexia and bulimia highlights myriad psychological, systemic, and dental health complications. Dental practitioners are in a unique position to discover early manifestations of these disorders. The present article reviews anorexia and bulimia, summarizing telltale behavioral traits, systemic manifestations, and dental features to facilitate recognition and enable <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29524641','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29524641"><span>Comparative application of IS711-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for canine brucellosis <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Batinga, Maria Cryskely Agra; de Lima, Julia Teresa Ribeiro; Gregori, Fabio; Diniz, Jaqueline Assumpção; Muner, Kerstin; Oliveira, Trícia M F S; Ferreira, Helena Lage; Soares, Rodrigo Martins; Keid, Lara Borges</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Canine brucellosis is caused by Brucella canis, a gram negative and facultative intracellular bacterium that is commonly associated with reproductive failures in dogs. The <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of the infection relies on the use of serological tests associated with blood culturing to guarantee sensitivity. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can replace the culturing procedure for the direct <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of the infection because of its speed, high specificity and sensitivity values; however, it <span class="hlt">depends</span> on some laboratory infrastructure to be conducted. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) may be an alternative method for DNA amplification in a shorter period, using simpler equipment, and with a lower cost. This study evaluated the potential of molecular tools based on PCR and LAMP using primers targeting the insertion sequence IS711 for Brucella detection in three groups of dogs (infected, non-infected and suspected of brucellosis), which were determined according to the results of blood culturing and clinical examination. The performance of the three diagnostic tests was also determined using McNemar test and Kappa coefficient. The proportion of positive samples detected by blood culturing, PCR and LAMP was respectively 31.57% (18/57), 33.34% (19/57), and 14.03% (8/57). The agreement between blood culturing and PCR was almost perfect, while the agreement of PCR and blood culturing compared to LAMP was fair. The diagnostic sensitivity of PCR and LAMP was respectively 100% (18/18) and 44.44% (8/18), while the diagnostic specificity of both tests was 100% (21/21). LAMP performance was not satisfactory for canine brucellosis <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> because of the low diagnostic sensitivity of the test. The IS711 based PCR, otherwise, showed high values of sensitivity and specificity, which makes it a good alternative for use for the rapid <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of canine brucellosis. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29669313','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29669313"><span>Role of FNA and Special Stains in Rapid Cytopathological <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of Pulmonary Nocardiosis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sood, Ridhi; Tyagi, Ruchita; Selhi, Pavneet Kaur; Kaur, Gursheen; Kaur, Harpreet; Singh, Akashdeep</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Nocardia, a gram-positive aerobic bacillus of the Actinomycetales family, is a significant opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. Clinical and radiological features of pulmonary nocardiosis are nonspecific and can be misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, pneumocystis, staphylococcal or fungal infections, or as malignancy. Aspiration cytology with special stains is a quick and effective approach for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. We present 7 cases of pulmonary nocardiosis, admitted to the pathology department in a tertiary-care hospital in Punjab. Clinical findings, immune status, laboratory tests, chest radiographs, and computed tomography scans were reviewed. Cytologically, special stains like 1% Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), 20% ZN, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Grocott methenamine silver (GMS), and reticulin stains were studied along with May-Grünwald Giemsa, Papanicolaou, and hematoxylin and eosin. All the patients were immunocompromised. The radiological changes were nonspecific. Cytomorphology showed acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrates with necrosis. None of the cases showed well-defined granulomas. GMS, modified 1% ZN and, Gordon and Sweet reticulin stains highlighted the delicate filamentous bacteria in all cases. PAS and 20% ZN stain for tuberculous bacilli were uniformly negative. FNAC can provide a quick and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of nocardiosis and thereby facilitate timely medical management. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3461428','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3461428"><span>Seasonal performance of a malaria rapid <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> test at community health clinics in a malaria-hyperendemic region of Burkina Faso</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Backgound Treatment of confirmed malaria patients with Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) at remote areas is the goal of many anti-malaria programs. Introduction of effective and affordable malaria Rapid <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> Test (RDT) in remote areas could be an alternative tool for malaria case management. This study aimed to assess performance of the OptiMAL dipstick for rapid malaria <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in children under five. Methods Malaria symptomatic and asymptomatic children were recruited in a passive manner in two community clinics (CCs). Malaria <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> by microscopy and RDT were performed. Performance of the tests was determined. Results RDT showed similar ability (61.2%) to <span class="hlt">accurately</span> diagnose malaria as microscopy (61.1%). OptiMAL showed a high level of sensitivity and specificity, compared with microscopy, during both transmission seasons (high & low), with a sensitivity of 92.9% vs. 74.9% and a specificity of 77.2% vs. 87.5%. Conclusion By improving the performance of the test through <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and continuous quality control of the device in the field, OptiMAL could be suitable for use at CCs for the management and control of malaria. PMID:22647557</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24690144','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24690144"><span>Using an educational electronic documentation system to help nursing students <span class="hlt">accurately</span> identify patient data.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pobocik, Tamara</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>This quantitative research study used a pretest/posttest design and reviewed how an educational electronic documentation system helped nursing students to identify the <span class="hlt">accurate</span> "related to" statement of the nursing <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for the patient in the case study. Students in the sample population were senior nursing students in a bachelor of science nursing program in the northeastern United States. Two distinct groups were used for a control and intervention group. The intervention group used the educational electronic documentation system for three class assignments. Both groups were given a pretest and posttest case study. The Accuracy Tool was used to score the students' responses to the related to statement of a nursing <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> given at the end of the case study. The scores of the Accuracy Tool were analyzed, and then the numeric scores were placed in SPSS, and the paired t test scores were analyzed for statistical significance. The intervention group's scores were statistically different from the pretest scores to posttest scores, while the control group's scores remained the same from pretest to posttest. The recommendation to nursing education is to use the educational electronic documentation system as a teaching pedagogy to help nursing students prepare for nursing practice. © 2014 NANDA International, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24930079','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24930079"><span>[<span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of acute heart failure and relevance of biomarkers in elderly patients].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ruiz Ortega, Raúl Antonio; Manzano, Luis; Montero-Pérez-Barquero, Manuel</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of acute heart failure (HF) is difficult in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. Risk scales and classification criteria based exclusively on clinical manifestations, such as the Framingham scales, lack sufficient specificity. In addition to clinical manifestations, <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> should be based on two key factors: natriuretic peptides and echocardiographic study. When there is clinical suspicion of acute HF, a normal natriuretic peptide level will rule out this process. When a consistent clinical suspicion is present, an echocardiographic study should also be performed. <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HF/pEF) requires detection of an enlarged left atrium or the presence of parameters of diastolic dysfunction. Elevation of cardiac biomarkers seems to be due to myocardial injury and the compensatory mechanisms of the body against this injury (hormone and inflammatory response and repair mechanisms). Elevation of markers of cardiac damage (troponins and natriuretic peptides) have been shown to be useful both in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of acute HF and in prediction of outcome. MMP-2 could be useful in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of HF/pEF. In addition to biomarkers with diagnostic value, other biomarkers are helpful in prognosis in the acute phase of HF, such as biomarkers of renal failure (eGFR, cystatin and urea), inflammation (cytokines and CRP), and the cell regeneration marker, galectin-3. A promising idea that is under investigation is the use of panels of biomarkers, which could allow more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and prognosis of acute HF. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4634410','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4634410"><span>Research on the Rapid and <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Positioning and Orientation Approach for Land Missile-Launching Vehicle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Kui; Wang, Lei; Lv, Yanhong; Gao, Pengyu; Song, Tianxiao</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Getting a land vehicle’s <span class="hlt">accurate</span> position, azimuth and attitude rapidly is significant for vehicle based weapons’ combat effectiveness. In this paper, a new approach to acquire vehicle’s <span class="hlt">accurate</span> position and orientation is proposed. It uses biaxial optical detection platform (BODP) to aim at and lock in no less than three pre-set cooperative targets, whose <span class="hlt">accurate</span> positions are measured beforehand. Then, it calculates the vehicle’s <span class="hlt">accurate</span> position, azimuth and attitudes by the rough position and orientation provided by vehicle based navigation systems and no less than three couples of azimuth and pitch angles measured by BODP. The proposed approach does not <span class="hlt">depend</span> on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), thus it is autonomous and difficult to interfere. Meanwhile, it only needs a rough position and orientation as algorithm’s iterative initial value, consequently, it does not have high performance requirement for Inertial Navigation System (INS), odometer and other vehicle based navigation systems, even in high precise applications. This paper described the system’s working procedure, presented theoretical deviation of the algorithm, and then verified its effectiveness through simulation and vehicle experiments. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed approach can achieve positioning and orientation accuracy of 0.2 m and 20″ respectively in less than 3 min. PMID:26492249</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26492249','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26492249"><span>Research on the rapid and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> positioning and orientation approach for land missile-launching vehicle.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Kui; Wang, Lei; Lv, Yanhong; Gao, Pengyu; Song, Tianxiao</p> <p>2015-10-20</p> <p>Getting a land vehicle's <span class="hlt">accurate</span> position, azimuth and attitude rapidly is significant for vehicle based weapons' combat effectiveness. In this paper, a new approach to acquire vehicle's <span class="hlt">accurate</span> position and orientation is proposed. It uses biaxial optical detection platform (BODP) to aim at and lock in no less than three pre-set cooperative targets, whose <span class="hlt">accurate</span> positions are measured beforehand. Then, it calculates the vehicle's <span class="hlt">accurate</span> position, azimuth and attitudes by the rough position and orientation provided by vehicle based navigation systems and no less than three couples of azimuth and pitch angles measured by BODP. The proposed approach does not <span class="hlt">depend</span> on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), thus it is autonomous and difficult to interfere. Meanwhile, it only needs a rough position and orientation as algorithm's iterative initial value, consequently, it does not have high performance requirement for Inertial Navigation System (INS), odometer and other vehicle based navigation systems, even in high precise applications. This paper described the system's working procedure, presented theoretical deviation of the algorithm, and then verified its effectiveness through simulation and vehicle experiments. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed approach can achieve positioning and orientation accuracy of 0.2 m and 20″ respectively in less than 3 min.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24928180','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24928180"><span>Techniques for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of Fasciola infections in animals: room for improvement.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alvarez Rojas, Cristian A; Jex, Aaron R; Gasser, Robin B; Scheerlinck, Jean-Pierre Y</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The common liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, causes fascioliasis, a significant disease in mammals, including livestock, wildlife and humans, with a major socioeconomic impact worldwide. In spite of its impact, and some advances towards the development of vaccines and new therapeutic agents, limited attention has been paid to the need for practical and reliable methods for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of infection or disease. <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is central to effective control, particularly given an emerging problem with drug resistance in F. hepatica. Traditional coprological techniques have been widely used, but are often unreliable. Although there have been some advances in establishing immunologic techniques, these tools can suffer from a lack of diagnostic specificity and/or sensitivity. Nonetheless, antigen detection tests seem to have considerable potential, but have not yet been adequately evaluated in the field. Moreover, advanced nucleic acid-based methods appear to offer the most promise for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of current infection. This chapter (i) provides a brief account of the biology and significance of F. hepatica/fascioliasis, (ii) describes key techniques currently in use, (iii) compares their advantages/disadvantages and (iv) reviews polymerase chain reaction-based methods for specific <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and/or the genetic characterization of Fasciola species. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1402301','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1402301"><span>Evaluation of the ICT Tuberculosis test for the routine <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of tuberculosis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ongut, Gozde; Ogunc, Dilara; Gunseren, Filiz; Ogus, Candan; Donmez, Levent; Colak, Dilek; Gultekin, Meral</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Background Rapid and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of tuberculosis (TB) is crucial to facilitate early treatment of infectious cases and thus to reduce its spread. To improve the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of TB, more rapid diagnostic techniques such as antibody detection methods including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based serological tests and immunochromatographic methods were developed. This study was designed to evaluate the validity of an immunochromatographic assay, ICT Tuberculosis test for the serologic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of TB in Antalya, Turkey. Methods Sera from 72 patients with active pulmonary (53 smear-positive and 19 smear-negative cases) and eight extrapulmonary (6 smear-positive and 2 smear-negative cases) TB, and 54 controls from different outpatient clinics with similar demographic characteristics as patients were tested by ICT Tuberculosis test. Results The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of the ICT Tuberculosis test for pulmonary TB were 33.3%, 100%, and 52.9%, respectively. Smear-positive pulmonary TB patients showed a higher positivity rate for antibodies than smear-negative patients, but the difference was not statistically significant. Of the eight patients with extrapulmonary TB, antibody was detected in four patients. Conclusion Our results suggest that ICT Tuberculosis test can be used to aid TB <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in smear-positive patients until the culture results are available. PMID:16504161</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22487817','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22487817"><span>[Rapid prenatal genetic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of a fetus with a high risk for Morquio A syndrome].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Guo, Yi-bin; Ai, Yang; Zhao, Yan; Tang, Jia; Jiang, Wei-ying; Du, Min-lian; Ma, Hua-mei; Zhong, Yan-fang</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>To provide rapid and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> prenatal genetic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for a fetus with high risk of Morquio A syndrome. Based on ascertained etiology of the proband and genotypes of the parents, particular mutations of the GALNS gene were screened at 10th gestational week with amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS), denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct DNA sequencing. DHPLC screening has identified abnormal double peaks in the PCR products of exons 1 and 10, whilst only a single peak was detected in normal controls. Amplification of ARMS specific primers derived a specific product for the fetus's gene, whilst no similar product was detected in normal controls. Sequencing of PCR products confirmed that exons 1 and 10 of the GALNS gene from the fetus contained a heterozygous paternal c.106-111 del (p.L36-L37 del) deletion and a heterozygous maternal c.1097 T>C (p.L366P) missense mutation, which resulted in a compound heterozygote status. The fetus was diagnosed with Morquio A syndrome and a genotype similar to the proband. Termination of the pregnancy was recommended. Combined ARMS, DHPLC and DNA sequencing are effective for rapid and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> prenatal <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for fetus with a high risk for Morquio A syndrome. Such methods are particularly suitable for early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> when pathogenesis is clear. Furthermore, combined ARMS and DHPLC are suitable for rapid processing of large numbers of samples for the identification of new mutations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25630458','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25630458"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of Pneumocystis pneumonia: evaluation of four serologic biomarkers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Esteves, F; Calé, S S; Badura, R; de Boer, M G; Maltez, F; Calderón, E J; van der Reijden, T J; Márquez-Martín, E; Antunes, F; Matos, O</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) relies on microscopic visualization of Pneumocystis jirovecii organisms or DNA detection in pulmonary specimens. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of (1-3)-β-d-glucan (BG), Krebs von den Lungen-6 antigen (KL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) as serologic biomarkers in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PCP. Serum levels of BG, KL-6, LDH and SAM were investigated in 145 Portuguese patients, 50 patients from the Netherlands, 25 Spanish patients and 40 Portuguese blood donors. Data on clinical presentation, chest imaging and gasometry tests were available. PCP cases were confirmed by microscopy and PCR techniques. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed. BG was found to be the most reliable serologic biomarker for PCP <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, followed by KL-6, LDH and SAM. The BG/KL-6 combination test was the most <span class="hlt">accurate</span> serologic approach for PCP <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, with 94.3% sensitivity and 89.6% specificity. Although less sensitive/specific than the reference standard classic methods based on bronchoalveolar lavage followed by microscopic or molecular detection of P. jirovecii organisms, the BG/KL-6 test may provide a less onerous procedure for PCP <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, as it uses a minimally invasive and inexpensive specimen (blood), which may be also a major benefit for the patient's care. The BG/KL-6 combination test should be interpreted within the clinical context, and it may be used as a preliminary screening test in patients with primary suspicion of PCP, or as an alternative diagnostic procedure in patients with respiratory failure or in children, avoiding the associated risk of complications by the use of bronchoscopy. Copyright © 2014 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Metro..52..819F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Metro..52..819F"><span><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> experimental determination of the isotope effects on the triple point temperature of water. I. <span class="hlt">Dependence</span> on the 2H abundance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Faghihi, V.; Peruzzi, A.; Aerts-Bijma, A. T.; Jansen, H. G.; Spriensma, J. J.; van Geel, J.; Meijer, H. A. J.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Variation in the isotopic composition of water is one of the major contributors to uncertainty in the realization of the triple point of water (TPW). Although the <span class="hlt">dependence</span> of the TPW on the isotopic composition of the water has been known for years, there is still a lack of a detailed and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> experimental determination of the values for the correction constants. This paper is the first of two articles (Part I and Part II) that address quantification of isotope abundance effects on the triple point temperature of water. In this paper, we describe our experimental assessment of the 2H isotope effect. We manufactured five triple point cells with prepared water mixtures with a range of 2H isotopic abundances encompassing widely the natural abundance range, while the 18O and 17O isotopic abundance were kept approximately constant and the 18O  -  17O ratio was close to the Meijer-Li relationship for natural waters. The selected range of 2H isotopic abundances led to cells that realised TPW temperatures between approximately  -140 μK to  +2500 μK with respect to the TPW temperature as realized by VSMOW (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water). Our experiment led to determination of the value for the δ2H correction parameter of A2H  =  673 μK / (‰ deviation of δ2H from VSMOW) with a combined uncertainty of 4 μK (k  =  1, or 1σ).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18264500','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18264500"><span>Simple and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> wavemeter implemented with a polarization interferometer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dimmick, T E</p> <p>1997-12-20</p> <p>A simple and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> wavemeter for measuring the wavelength of monochromatic light is described. The device uses the wavelength-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> phase lag between principal polarization states of a length of birefringent material (retarder) as the basis for the measurement of the optical wavelength. The retarder is sandwiched between a polarizer and a polarizing beam splitter and is oriented such that its principal axes are 45 deg to the axis of the polarizer and the principal axes of the beam splitter. As a result of the disparity in propagation velocities between the principal polarization states of the retarder, the ratio of the optical power exiting the two ports of the polarizing beam splitter is wavelength <span class="hlt">dependent</span>. If the input wavelength is known to be within a specified range, the measurement of the power ratio uniquely determines the input wavelength. The device offers the advantage of trading wavelength coverage for increased resolution simply through the choice of the retarder length. Implementations of the device employing both bulk-optic components and fiber-optic components are described, and the results of a laboratory test of a fiber-optic prototype are presented. The prototype had a wavelength accuracy of +/-0.03 nm.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3348558','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3348558"><span>Fast and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> inference of local ancestry in Latino populations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Baran, Yael; Pasaniuc, Bogdan; Sankararaman, Sriram; Torgerson, Dara G.; Gignoux, Christopher; Eng, Celeste; Rodriguez-Cintron, William; Chapela, Rocio; Ford, Jean G.; Avila, Pedro C.; Rodriguez-Santana, Jose; Burchard, Esteban Gonzàlez; Halperin, Eran</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Motivation: It is becoming increasingly evident that the analysis of genotype data from recently admixed populations is providing important insights into medical genetics and population history. Such analyses have been used to identify novel disease loci, to understand recombination rate variation and to detect recent selection events. The utility of such studies crucially <span class="hlt">depends</span> on <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and unbiased estimation of the ancestry at every genomic locus in recently admixed populations. Although various methods have been proposed and shown to be extremely <span class="hlt">accurate</span> in two-way admixtures (e.g. African Americans), only a few approaches have been proposed and thoroughly benchmarked on multi-way admixtures (e.g. Latino populations of the Americas). Results: To address these challenges we introduce here methods for local ancestry inference which leverage the structure of linkage disequilibrium in the ancestral population (LAMP-LD), and incorporate the constraint of Mendelian segregation when inferring local ancestry in nuclear family trios (LAMP-HAP). Our algorithms uniquely combine hidden Markov models (HMMs) of haplotype diversity within a novel window-based framework to achieve superior accuracy as compared with published methods. Further, unlike previous methods, the structure of our HMM does not <span class="hlt">depend</span> on the number of reference haplotypes but on a fixed constant, and it is thereby capable of utilizing large datasets while remaining highly efficient and robust to over-fitting. Through simulations and analysis of real data from 489 nuclear trio families from the mainland US, Puerto Rico and Mexico, we demonstrate that our methods achieve superior accuracy compared with published methods for local ancestry inference in Latinos. Availability: http://lamp.icsi.berkeley.edu/lamp/lampld/ Contact: bpasaniu@hsph.harvard.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. PMID:22495753</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23899370','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23899370"><span>Directional RNA-seq reveals highly complex condition-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> transcriptomes in E. coli K12 through <span class="hlt">accurate</span> full-length transcripts assembling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Shan; Dong, Xia; Su, Zhengchang</p> <p>2013-07-30</p> <p>Although prokaryotic gene transcription has been studied over decades, many aspects of the process remain poorly understood. Particularly, recent studies have revealed that transcriptomes in many prokaryotes are far more complex than previously thought. Genes in an operon are often alternatively and dynamically transcribed under different conditions, and a large portion of genes and intergenic regions have antisense RNA (asRNA) and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts, respectively. Ironically, similar studies have not been conducted in the model bacterium E coli K12, thus it is unknown whether or not the bacterium possesses similar complex transcriptomes. Furthermore, although RNA-seq becomes the major method for analyzing the complexity of prokaryotic transcriptome, it is still a challenging task to <span class="hlt">accurately</span> assemble full length transcripts using short RNA-seq reads. To fill these gaps, we have profiled the transcriptomes of E. coli K12 under different culture conditions and growth phases using a highly specific directional RNA-seq technique that can capture various types of transcripts in the bacterial cells, combined with a highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and robust algorithm and tool TruHMM (http://bioinfolab.uncc.edu/TruHmm_package/) for assembling full length transcripts. We found that 46.9 ~ 63.4% of expressed operons were utilized in their putative alternative forms, 72.23 ~ 89.54% genes had putative asRNA transcripts and 51.37 ~ 72.74% intergenic regions had putative ncRNA transcripts under different culture conditions and growth phases. As has been demonstrated in many other prokaryotes, E. coli K12 also has a highly complex and dynamic transcriptomes under different culture conditions and growth phases. Such complex and dynamic transcriptomes might play important roles in the physiology of the bacterium. TruHMM is a highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and robust algorithm for assembling full-length transcripts in prokaryotes using directional RNA-seq short reads.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4313477','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4313477"><span>Ultrasound in differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of periapical radiolucencies: A radiohistopathological study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Khambete, Neha; Kumar, Rahul</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound in differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of periapical radiolucencies. Materials and Methods: Ten patients aged between 19 years and 40 years with periapical lesions associated with anterior maxillary or mandibular teeth were selected and consented for the study. Pre-operative periapical radiographs were obtained. Measurements and provisional diagnoses of the apical areas were made by two specialist observers on two separate occasions. Preoperative ultrasound examinations with Doppler flowmetry were then performed and the images assessed by two specialist observers for the size, contents, vascular supply and a provisional <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> made as to whether the lesion was a cyst or granuloma. Endodontic surgery was performed including curettage of the apical tissues to enable histopathological investigation, which provided the gold standard <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. All measurements and findings were compared and statistically analyzed. Results: Total 10 lesions were identified in 10 patients. On periapical radiographs, lesions were readily identified but observers were unable to differentiate granuloma from cyst using either modality. Where sufficient buccal cortical bone had been resorbed, ultrasound imaging was simple but underestimated the size of the lesions compared with periapical radiographs. In all cases, the ultrasound <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> agreed with the histopathological gold standard. Conclusion: Ultrasonography (USG) can provide <span class="hlt">accurate</span> information about the nature of intraosseous lesions of the jaws before any surgical procedure. It is proposed that USG with Doppler flowmetry can provide an additional diagnostic tool without invasive surgery, where treatment option is nonsurgical. PMID:25657525</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26972260','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26972260"><span>High-Risk Stress Fractures: <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and Management.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McInnis, Kelly C; Ramey, Lindsay N</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>Stress fractures are common overuse injuries in athletes. They occur during periods of increased training without adequate rest, disrupting normal bone reparative mechanisms. There are a host of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including biochemical and biomechanical, that put athletes at risk. In most stress fractures, the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is primarily clinical, with imaging indicated at times, and management focused on symptom-free relative rest with advancement of activity as tolerated. Overall, stress fractures in athletes have an excellent prognosis for return to sport, with little risk of complication. There is a subset of injuries that have a greater risk of fracture progression, delayed healing, and nonunion and are generally more challenging to treat with nonoperative care. Specific locations of high-risk stress fracture include the femoral neck (tension side), patella, anterior tibia, medial malleolus, talus, tarsal navicular, proximal fifth metatarsal, and great toe sesamoids. These sites share a characteristic region of high tensile load and low blood flow. High-risk stress fractures require a more aggressive approach to evaluation, with imaging often necessary, to confirm early and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and initiate immediate treatment. Treatment consists of nonweight-bearing immobilization, often with a prolonged period away from sport, and a more methodic and careful reintroduction to athletic activity. These stress fractures may require surgical intervention. A high index of suspicion is essential to avoid delayed <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and optimize outcomes in this subset of stress fractures. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27346926','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27346926"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of Concurrent Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Tuberculous Otitis Media Confirmed by Xpert MTB/RIF in the United States.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tompkins, Kathleen M; Reimers, Melissa A; White, Becky L; Herce, Michael E</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important cause of infectious morbidity in the United States (US), necessitating timely and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. We report a case of concurrent pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB presenting as tuberculous otitis media in a hospitalized US patient admitted with cough, night sweats, and unilateral purulent otorrhea. <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> was made by smear microscopy and rapidly confirmed by Xpert MTB/RIF-a novel, automated nucleic acid amplification test for the rapid detection of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB. This case adds to the growing body of evidence validating Xpert MTB/RIF as an effective tool for the rapid <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of extrapulmonary TB, even in low TB-prevalence settings such as the US, when testing is performed on non-respiratory specimens.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4915369','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4915369"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of Concurrent Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Tuberculous Otitis Media Confirmed by Xpert MTB/RIF in the United States</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tompkins, Kathleen M.; Reimers, Melissa A.; White, Becky L.; Herce, Michael E.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important cause of infectious morbidity in the United States (US), necessitating timely and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. We report a case of concurrent pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB presenting as tuberculous otitis media in a hospitalized US patient admitted with cough, night sweats, and unilateral purulent otorrhea. <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> was made by smear microscopy and rapidly confirmed by Xpert MTB/RIF—a novel, automated nucleic acid amplification test for the rapid detection of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB. This case adds to the growing body of evidence validating Xpert MTB/RIF as an effective tool for the rapid <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of extrapulmonary TB, even in low TB-prevalence settings such as the US, when testing is performed on non-respiratory specimens. PMID:27346926</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21225000','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21225000"><span>Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and characterization of focal hepatic lesions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Molins, Inés Gómez; Font, Juan Manuel Fernández; Alvaro, Juan Carrero; Navarro, Jose Luís Lledó; Gil, Marta Fernández; Rodríguez, Conrado M Fernández</p> <p>2010-12-28</p> <p>The extensive use of imaging techniques in differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of abdominal conditions and screening of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatic diseases, has led to an important increase in identification of focal liver lesions. The development of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) opens a new window in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and follow-up of these lesions. This technique offers obvious advantages over the computed tomography and magnetic resonance, without a decrease in its sensitivity and specificity. The new second generation contrast agents, due to their intravascular distribution, allow a continuous evaluation of the enhancement pattern, which is crucial in characterization of liver lesions. The dual blood supply in the liver shows three different phases, namely arterial, portal and late phases. The enhancement during portal and late phases can give important information about the lesion's behavior. Each liver lesion has a different enhancement pattern that makes possible an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> approach to their <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. The role of emerging techniques as a contrast-enhanced three-dimensional US is also discussed. In this article, the advantages, indications and technique employed during CEUS and the different enhancement patterns of most benign and malignant focal liver lesions are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3018553','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3018553"><span>Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and characterization of focal hepatic lesions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Molins, Inés Gómez; Font, Juan Manuel Fernández; Álvaro, Juan Carrero; Navarro, Jose Luís Lledó; Gil, Marta Fernández; Rodríguez, Conrado M Fernández</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The extensive use of imaging techniques in differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of abdominal conditions and screening of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatic diseases, has led to an important increase in identification of focal liver lesions. The development of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) opens a new window in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and follow-up of these lesions. This technique offers obvious advantages over the computed tomography and magnetic resonance, without a decrease in its sensitivity and specificity. The new second generation contrast agents, due to their intravascular distribution, allow a continuous evaluation of the enhancement pattern, which is crucial in characterization of liver lesions. The dual blood supply in the liver shows three different phases, namely arterial, portal and late phases. The enhancement during portal and late phases can give important information about the lesion’s behavior. Each liver lesion has a different enhancement pattern that makes possible an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> approach to their <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. The role of emerging techniques as a contrast-enhanced three-dimensional US is also discussed. In this article, the advantages, indications and technique employed during CEUS and the different enhancement patterns of most benign and malignant focal liver lesions are discussed. PMID:21225000</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4032358','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4032358"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of genital herpes simplex virus infection in the clinical laboratory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Since the type of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection affects prognosis and subsequent counseling, type-specific testing to distinguish HSV-1 from HSV-2 is always recommended. Although PCR has been the diagnostic standard method for HSV infections of the central nervous system, until now viral culture has been the test of choice for HSV genital infection. However, HSV PCR, with its consistently and substantially higher rate of HSV detection, could replace viral culture as the gold standard for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of genital herpes in people with active mucocutaneous lesions, regardless of anatomic location or viral type. Alternatively, antigen detection—an immunofluorescence test or enzyme immunoassay from samples from symptomatic patients--could be employed, but HSV type determination is of importance. Type-specific serology based on glycoprotein G should be used for detecting asymptomatic individuals but widespread screening for HSV antibodies is not recommended. In conclusion, rapid and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> laboratory <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of HSV is now become a necessity, given the difficulty in making the clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of HSV, the growing worldwide prevalence of genital herpes and the availability of effective antiviral therapy. PMID:24885431</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19728142','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19728142"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of glutathione synthetase deficiency in newborn screening.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Simon, E; Vogel, M; Fingerhut, R; Ristoff, E; Mayatepek, E; Spiekerkötter, U</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>Glutathione synthetase (GSS) deficiency is a rare disorder of glutathione metabolism with varying clinical severity. Patients may present with haemolytic anaemia alone or together with acidosis and central nervous system impairment. <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> is made by clinical presentation and detection of elevated concentrations of 5-oxoproline in urine and low GSS activity in erythrocytes or cultured skin fibroblasts. <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> can be confirmed by mutational analysis. Treatment consists of the correction of acidosis, blood transfusion, and supplementation with antioxidants. The most important determinants for outcome and survival in patients with GSS deficiency are early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and early initiation of treatment. The case of a newborn with GSS deficiency diagnosed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based newborn screening is described. After onset of clinical symptoms on the 2nd day of life, expanded newborn screening revealed normal results for all disorders included in the German screening programme; however, selective MS/MS screening revealed a >10-fold elevation of 5-oxoproline in dried blood, leading to the presumptive <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of GSS deficiency by the 5th day of life. <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> was later confirmed by detection of markedly reduced glutathione concentration in erythrocytes and mutational analysis of the GSS gene. Presently, GSS deficiency is not included in newborn screening programmes in Europe. As outcome <span class="hlt">depends</span> significantly on early start of treatment, routine inclusion of this disorder in newborn screening panels should be considered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28934086','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28934086"><span>Towards ontology-based decision support systems for complex ultrasound <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in obstetrics and gynecology.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Maurice, P; Dhombres, F; Blondiaux, E; Friszer, S; Guilbaud, L; Lelong, N; Khoshnood, B; Charlet, J; Perrot, N; Jauniaux, E; Jurkovic, D; Jouannic, J-M</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>We have developed a new knowledge base intelligent system for obstetrics and gynecology ultrasound imaging, based on an ontology and a reference image collection. This study evaluates the new system to support <span class="hlt">accurate</span> annotations of ultrasound images. We have used the early ultrasound <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of ectopic pregnancies as a model clinical issue. The ectopic pregnancy ontology was derived from medical texts (4260 ultrasound reports of ectopic pregnancy from a specialist center in the UK and 2795 Pubmed abstracts indexed with the MeSH term "Pregnancy, Ectopic") and the reference image collection was built on a selection from 106 publications. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the signs in 35 scans of ectopic pregnancy by six observers using the new system. The resulting ectopic pregnancy ontology consisted of 1395 terms, and 80 images were collected for the reference collection. The observers used the knowledge base intelligent system to provide a total of 1486 sign annotations. The precision, recall and F-measure for the annotations were 0.83, 0.62 and 0.71, respectively. The global proportion of agreement was 40.35% 95% CI [38.64-42.05]. The ontology-based intelligent system provides <span class="hlt">accurate</span> annotations of ultrasound images and suggests that it may benefit non-expert operators. The precision rate is appropriate for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> input of a computer-based clinical decision support and could be used to support medical imaging <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of complex conditions in obstetrics and gynecology. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26668659','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26668659"><span>Challenges in the Laboratory <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and Management of Dengue Infections.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bhat, Vivek G; Chavan, Preeti; Ojha, Shashank; Nair, Pravin K</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Dengue fever is considered the most important arthropod-borne viral diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality. An <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and efficient <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of dengue plays an important role in case confirmation. The virus may be isolated during the viremic phase (within day 5 of illness), from serum, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) has demonstrated the presence of high levels of dengue NS1 antigen and tests may be performed by enzyme-immunoassays (EIAs) or immune-chromatographic (ICT) methods. These assays are specific with respect to different flaviviruses. Conventional and real time RT PCR, nested PCR, multiplex PCR and Nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) have been described as sensitive and relatively rapid method of detecting the virus during the early viremic phase. Other tests used include assay of anti-dengue specific IgM and IgG ELISA. Currently no curative treatment in terms of anti-viral drugs is available for dengue and patients are managed with rest and aggressive supportive therapy. Management may be done at home or in the hospital <span class="hlt">depending</span> on the severity of the illness. Hospital management includes fluid therapy, blood component transfusion and other modalities of treatments like steroids, recombinant factor VII and management of complications. Various vaccines are in trial stages and may become available in the near future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23257611','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23257611"><span>Differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of normal pressure hydrocephalus by MRI mean diffusivity histogram analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ivkovic, M; Liu, B; Ahmed, F; Moore, D; Huang, C; Raj, A; Kovanlikaya, I; Heier, L; Relkin, N</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of normal pressure hydrocephalus is challenging because the clinical symptoms and radiographic appearance of NPH often overlap those of other conditions, including age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. We hypothesized that radiologic differences between NPH and AD/PD can be characterized by a robust and objective MR imaging DTI technique that does not require intersubject image registration or operator-defined regions of interest, thus avoiding many pitfalls common in DTI methods. We collected 3T DTI data from 15 patients with probable NPH and 25 controls with AD, PD, or dementia with Lewy bodies. We developed a parametric model for the shape of intracranial mean diffusivity histograms that separates brain and ventricular components from a third component composed mostly of partial volume voxels. To <span class="hlt">accurately</span> fit the shape of the third component, we constructed a parametric function named the generalized Voss-Dyke function. We then examined the use of the fitting parameters for the differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of NPH from AD, PD, and DLB. Using parameters for the MD histogram shape, we distinguished clinically probable NPH from the 3 other disorders with 86% sensitivity and 96% specificity. The technique yielded 86% sensitivity and 88% specificity when differentiating NPH from AD only. An adequate parametric model for the shape of intracranial MD histograms can distinguish NPH from AD, PD, or DLB with high sensitivity and specificity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19810021876','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19810021876"><span>Radiometer for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> (+ or - 1%) measurement of solar irradiance equal to 10,000 solar constants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kendall, J. M., Sr.</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>The 10,000 solar constant radiometer was developed for the <span class="hlt">accurate</span> (+ or - 1%) measurement of the irradiance produced in the image formed by a parabolic reflector or by a multiple mirror solar installation. This radiometer is water cooled, weighs about 1 kg, and is 5 cm (2 in.) in diameter by 10 cm (4 in.) long. A sting is provided for mounting the radiometer in the solar installation capable of measuring irradiances as high as 20,000 solar constants, the instrument is self calibrating. Its accuracy <span class="hlt">depends</span> on the <span class="hlt">accurate</span> determination of the cavity aperture, and absorptivity of the cavity, and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> electrical measurements. The spectral response is flat over the entire spectrum from far UV to far IR. The radiometer responds to a measurement within 99.7% of the final value within 8 s. During a measurement of the 10,000 solar constant irradiance, the temperature rise of the water is about 20 C. The radiometer has perfect cosine response up to 60 deg off the radiometer axis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020040896&hterms=ab-initio&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dab-initio','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020040896&hterms=ab-initio&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dab-initio"><span>Ab Initio Calculation of <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Vibrational Frequencies for Molecules of Interest in Atmospheric Chemistry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lee, Timothy J.; Langhoff, Stephen R. (Technical Monitor)</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>Due to advances in quantum mechanical methods over the last few years, it is now possible to determine ab initio potential energy surfaces in which fundamental vibrational frequencies are <span class="hlt">accurate</span> to within +/- 8 cm(sup -1) on average, and molecular bond distances are <span class="hlt">accurate</span> to within +/- 0.001-0.003 A, <span class="hlt">depending</span> on the nature of the bond. That is, the potential energy surfaces have not been scaled or empirically adjusted in any way, showing that theoretical methods have progressed to the point of being useful in analyzing spectra that are not from a tightly controlled laboratory environment, such as rovibrational spectra from the interstellar medium. Some recent examples demonstrating this accuracy win be presented and discussed. These include the HNO, CH4, C2H4, and ClCN molecules. The HNO molecule is interesting due to the very large H-N anharmonicity, while ClCN has a very large Fermi resonance. The ab initio studies for the CH4 and C2H4 molecules present the first <span class="hlt">accurate</span> full quartic force fields of any kind (i.e., whether theoretical or empirical) for a five-atom and six-atom system, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JSV...385...16L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JSV...385...16L"><span>Fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of motor bearing with speed fluctuation via angular resampling of transient sound signals</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lu, Siliang; Wang, Xiaoxian; He, Qingbo; Liu, Fang; Liu, Yongbin</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Transient signal analysis (TSA) has been proven an effective tool for motor bearing fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, but has yet to be applied in processing bearing fault signals with variable rotating speed. In this study, a new TSA-based angular resampling (TSAAR) method is proposed for fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> under speed fluctuation condition via sound signal analysis. By applying the TSAAR method, the frequency smearing phenomenon is eliminated and the fault characteristic frequency is exposed in the envelope spectrum for bearing fault recognition. The TSAAR method can <span class="hlt">accurately</span> estimate the phase information of the fault-induced impulses using neither complicated time-frequency analysis techniques nor external speed sensors, and hence it provides a simple, flexible, and data-driven approach that realizes variable-speed motor bearing fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed TSAAR method are verified through a series of simulated and experimental case studies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28828707','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28828707"><span>Pathology and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of renal non-AL amyloidosis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sethi, Sanjeev; Theis, Jason D</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Renal amyloidosis is characterized by acellular Congo red positive deposits in the glomeruli, interstitium and/or arteries. Light chain restriction on immunofluorescence studies is present in AL-amyloidosis, the most common type of amyloidosis involving the kidney. The detection of Congo red positive deposits coupled with negative immunofluorescence studies is highly suggestive of non-AL amyloidosis. Some of the non-AL amyloidosis are common while others are relatively rare. The clinical features, laboratory and renal pathology findings are helpful in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and typing of non-AL amyloidosis. Thus, ALECT2 amyloidosis is characterized by diffuse cortical interstitial amyloid deposits, AA amyloidosis shows vascular deposits in addition to the glomerular deposits, AFib amyloidosis is characterized by massive amyloid accumulation limited to the glomeruli resulting in the obliteration of glomerular architecture, AApoA1 and AApoAIV are characterized by large amyloid deposits restricted to the medulla, and AGel shows swirling patterns of amyloid fibrils on electron microscopy. While light microscopy is very helpful, <span class="hlt">accurate</span> typing of non-AL amyloidosis then requires immunohistochemical or laser microdissection/mass spectrometry studies of the Congo red positive deposits. Immunohistochemical studies are available for some of the non-AL amyloidosis. On the other hand, mass spectrometry analysis is a one stop methodology for confirmation and typing of amyloidosis. The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and typing of amyloidosis by mass spectrometry is based on finding the signature amyloid peptides, apolipoprotein E and serum amyloid-P component, followed by detection of precursor amyloidogenic protein such as LECT2, fibrinogen-α, gelsolin, etc. To, summarize, non-AL amyloidosis is a group of amyloidosis with distinctive clinical, laboratory and renal pathology findings. Typing of the amyloidosis is best performed using mass spectrometry methodology. <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> typing of non-AL amyloidosis is</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040172563&hterms=Down+Syndrome&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DDown%2BSyndrome','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040172563&hterms=Down+Syndrome&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3DDown%2BSyndrome"><span>Current concepts in the pathophysiology, evaluation, and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of compartment syndrome</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hargens, A. R.; Mubarak, S. J.</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>This article reviews present knowledge of the pathophysiology and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of acute compartment syndromes. Recent results using compression of legs in normal volunteers provide objective data concerning local pressure thresholds for neuromuscular dysfunction in the anterior compartment. Results with this model indicate that a progression of neuromuscular deficits occurs when IMP increases to within 35 to 40 mm Hg of diastolic blood pressure. These findings provide useful information on the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and compression thresholds for acute compartment syndromes. Time factors are also important, however, and usually are incompletely known in most cases of acute compartment syndrome. Although the slit catheter is a very good technique for monitoring IMP during rest, these catheters and their associated extracorporeal transducer systems are not ideal. Recently developed miniature transducer-tipped catheters and, perhaps, future development of noninvasive techniques may provide <span class="hlt">accurate</span> recordings of IMP in patients with acute compartment syndromes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26449700','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26449700"><span>Anterior chamber paracentesis to improve <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment of infectious uveitis in South Africa.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schaftenaar, Erik; Lecuona, Karin; Baarsma, Seerp; Meenken, Christina; Verjans, Georges; McIntyre, James; Peters, Remco</p> <p>2015-09-22</p> <p>Infectious uveitis is a significant cause of blindness in South Africa, especially among HIV-infected individuals. The visual outcome of uveitis <span class="hlt">depends</span> on early clinical and laboratory <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> to guide therapeutic intervention. Analyses of aqueous humor, obtained by anterior chamber paracentesis, directs the differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in infectious uveitis. However, although safe and potentially cost-effective, diagnostic anterior chamber paracentesis is not common practice in ophthalmic care across Africa. We seek to draw attention to this important procedure that could improve the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and prognosis of infectious uveitis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvL.120v0604L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvL.120v0604L"><span>Simple and <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Method for Central Spin Problems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lindoy, Lachlan P.; Manolopoulos, David E.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>We describe a simple quantum mechanical method that can be used to obtain <span class="hlt">accurate</span> numerical results over long timescales for the spin correlation tensor of an electron spin that is hyperfine coupled to a large number of nuclear spins. This method does not suffer from the statistical errors that accompany a Monte Carlo sampling of the exact eigenstates of the central spin Hamiltonian obtained from the algebraic Bethe ansatz, or from the growth of the truncation error with time in the time-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> density matrix renormalization group (TDMRG) approach. As a result, it can be applied to larger central spin problems than the algebraic Bethe ansatz, and for longer times than the TDMRG algorithm. It is therefore an ideal method to use to solve central spin problems, and we expect that it will also prove useful for a variety of related problems that arise in a number of different research fields.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28258233','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28258233"><span>Microfluidics: innovative approaches for rapid <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aroonnual, Amornrat; Janvilisri, Tavan; Ounjai, Puey; Chankhamhaengdecha, Surang</p> <p>2017-02-28</p> <p>The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a major global health concern. Rapid and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> diagnostic strategies to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile prior to antibiotic prescription and treatment are critical to control drug resistance. The standard diagnostic procedures for the detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which rely mostly on phenotypic characterization, are time consuming, insensitive and often require skilled personnel, making them unsuitable for point-of-care (POC) <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Various molecular techniques have therefore been implemented to help speed up the process and increase sensitivity. Over the past decade, microfluidic technology has gained great momentum in medical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> as a series of fluid handling steps in a laboratory can be simplified and miniaturized on to a small platform, allowing marked reduction of sample amount, high portability and tremendous possibility for integration with other detection technologies. These advantages render the microfluidic system a great candidate to be developed into an easy-to-use sample-to-answer POC <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> suitable for application in remote clinical settings. This review provides an overview of the current development of microfluidic technologies for the nucleic acid based and phenotypic-based detections of antibiotic resistance. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5518499','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5518499"><span>Hybrid Disease <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> Using Multiobjective Optimization with Evolutionary Parameter Optimization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Nalluri, MadhuSudana Rao; K., Kannan; M., Manisha</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>With the widespread adoption of e-Healthcare and telemedicine applications, <span class="hlt">accurate</span>, intelligent disease <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> systems have been profoundly coveted. In recent years, numerous individual machine learning-based classifiers have been proposed and tested, and the fact that a single classifier cannot effectively classify and diagnose all diseases has been almost accorded with. This has seen a number of recent research attempts to arrive at a consensus using ensemble classification techniques. In this paper, a hybrid system is proposed to diagnose ailments using optimizing individual classifier parameters for two classifier techniques, namely, support vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) technique. We employ three recent evolutionary algorithms to optimize the parameters of the classifiers above, leading to six alternative hybrid disease <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> systems, also referred to as hybrid intelligent systems (HISs). Multiple objectives, namely, prediction accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, have been considered to assess the efficacy of the proposed hybrid systems with existing ones. The proposed model is evaluated on 11 benchmark datasets, and the obtained results demonstrate that our proposed hybrid <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> systems perform better in terms of disease prediction accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Pertinent statistical tests were carried out to substantiate the efficacy of the obtained results. PMID:29065626</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA613058','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA613058"><span>Early <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and Intervention Strategies for Post-Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification in Severely Injured Extremities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>study will recruit wounded warriors with severe extremity trauma, which places them at high risk for heterotopic ossification (HO); bone formation at...involved in HO; 2) to define <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and practical methods to predict where HO will develop; and 3) to define potential therapies for prevention or...elicit HO. These tools also need to provide effective methods for early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> or risk assessment (prediction) so that therapies for prevention or</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27891455','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27891455"><span>Unmasking the Effect of Analgesics on Endodontic <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> Using a Novel Bite Force Sensor Device: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kishnani, Sushil; Saha, Suparna Ganguly; Bhardwaj, Anuj; Dubey, Sandeep; Saha, Mainak; Kala, Shubham; Jain, Sohini; Narwani, Shweta</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>A definitive <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is of primary importance before initiating any endodontic treatment; yet, there are occasions when the dental professional is unable to <span class="hlt">accurately</span> reproduce the patient's chief complaint, as it can pose a dilemma and may require consideration of multiple variables in order to reach an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. So to overcome this problem, a methodical approach in providing endodontic treatment should be implemented which includes <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, definitive dental treatment and adjunctive drug therapy, known as the "3D" strategy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible "masking" effect of these analgesics on endodontic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> using a novel bite force sensor device. A total of 90 patients with endodontic pain were selected and they were given either a placebo or 400 mg ibuprofen (brufen) or 50mg diclofenac sodium (voveron). Both patients and operators were completely blinded to the drugs administered. Bite force tolerance values were noted before and one hour after administration of medication using the self designed bite force sensor. The pre- and post-bite force tolerance values were tabulated for both contralateral and affected tooth. For the affected tooth, there was statistically significant difference between pre- and post-bite force tolerance values in Group I (i.e., ibuprofen) and Group II (i.e., diclofenac sodium) (p<0.05) with no significant difference observed in Group III (placebo). The easily available over the counter self administered analgesics in addition to providing symptomatic relief to patients suffering from symptomatic apical periodontitis may also cloud the definitive <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of the clinician, thus jeopardising the treatment plan. The self designed bite force sensor was effective in arriving at a definitive <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in teeth with chronic irreversible pulpitis with symptomatic apical periodontitis, where the allodynia has been camouflaged by the use of analgesics like ibuprofen and diclofenac sodium.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28579879','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28579879"><span>Sonographic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and clinical significance of umbilical arterial atresia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ren, Jinhe</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>To evaluate the feasibility of antenatal sonographic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of umbilical arterial atresia and its clinical significance. Data of 5 cases with umbilical arterial atresia diagnosed in our hospital were studied retrospectively. The antenatal ultrasonogram of umbilical arterial atresia was obtain, and the pathological examination of umbilical cords and the prognosis of neonates were analyzed. Among 5 cases with umbilical arterial atresia in this group, 1 case with double umbilical arterial atresia was found with dead fetus in uterus, and the rest 4 cases with single umbilical arterial atresia were found with survival fetuses. In the latter 4 cases with live fetus, once umbilical arterial atresia was diagnosed, cesarean section was performed to terminate pregnancy, and the 4 fetus were all healthy. The chromosome karyotypes and S/D value of umbilical arteries were showed normal in all 5 cases. <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> antenatal <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> can be made according to the specific ultrasonogram of umbilical arterial atresia. Instant intervention should be performed upon observing umbilical arterial atresia with live fetus, so as to avoid dead fetus as much as possible.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798213','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798213"><span>Sclerosing Cholangitis: Clinicopathologic Features, Imaging Spectrum, and Systemic Approach to Differential <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Seo, Nieun; Kim, So Yeon; Lee, Seung Soo; Byun, Jae Ho; Kim, Jin Hee; Kim, Hyoung Jung; Lee, Moon-Gyu</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Sclerosing cholangitis is a spectrum of chronic progressive cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and stricture of the bile ducts, which can be classified as primary and secondary sclerosing cholangitis. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic progressive liver disease of unknown cause. On the other hand, secondary sclerosing cholangitis has identifiable causes that include immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing disease, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, ischemic cholangitis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related cholangitis, and eosinophilic cholangitis. In this review, we suggest a systemic approach to the differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of sclerosing cholangitis based on the clinical and laboratory findings, as well as the typical imaging features on computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with MR cholangiography. Familiarity with various etiologies of sclerosing cholangitis and awareness of their typical clinical and imaging findings are essential for an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and appropriate management.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985687','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985687"><span>Molecular <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and precision medicine in allergy management.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Riccio, Anna Maria; De Ferrari, Laura; Chiappori, Alessandra; Ledda, Sabina; Passalacqua, Giovanni; Melioli, Giovanni; Canonica, Giorgio Walter</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>Precision medicine (PM) can be defined as a structural model aimed at customizing healthcare, with medical decisions/products tailored on an individual patient at a highly detailed level. In this sense, allergy diagnostics based on molecular allergen components allows to <span class="hlt">accurately</span> define the patient's IgE repertoire. The availability of highly specialized singleplexed and multiplexed platforms support allergists with an advanced diagnostic armamentarium. The therapeutic intervention, driven by the standard diagnostic approach, but further supported by these innovative tools may result, for instance, in a more appropriate prescription of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Also, the phenotyping of patients, which may have relevant effects on the treatment strategy, could be take advantage by the molecular allergy <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632613','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632613"><span>Adherence to guidelines on the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of cephalo-pelvic disproportion at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Srisukho, Sasivimol; Tongsong, Theera; Srisupundit, Kasemsri</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>To determine the degree of adherence to guidelines on the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. The database ofpregnant women who underwent cesarean delivery due to CPD between 2010 and 2012 was reviewed The degree of adherence to guidelines on the CPD <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was recorded The guidelines were from Royal Thai College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RTCOG) and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) as gold standard criteria for CPD <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Four hundred sixty four pregnant women diagnosed as CPD were recruited. The adherence to guidelines either RTCOG or ACOG criteria was 80.4%. Of 91 cases that had incomplete criteria to diagnose CPD, 25 cases (27.5%) had been suspected offetal macrosomia and CPD was diagnosed during latent phase of labor Unfortunately, 76% of these fetuses had birth weight less than 4000 grams, which were unlikely to be macrosomia. The adherence to guidelines on the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of CPD was 80.4%. Almost one-third of the cases that had no adherence were false diagnosed of fetal macrosomia. Therefore, the strategy of <span class="hlt">accurate</span> fetal weigh estimation may reduce unnecessary cesarean section from false <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of CPD.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27119599','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27119599"><span>Time-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> classification accuracy curve under marker-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> sampling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhu, Zhaoyin; Wang, Xiaofei; Saha-Chaudhuri, Paramita; Kosinski, Andrzej S; George, Stephen L</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Evaluating the classification accuracy of a candidate biomarker signaling the onset of disease or disease status is essential for medical decision making. A good biomarker would <span class="hlt">accurately</span> identify the patients who are likely to progress or die at a particular time in the future or who are in urgent need for active treatments. To assess the performance of a candidate biomarker, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) are commonly used. In many cases, the standard simple random sampling (SRS) design used for biomarker validation studies is costly and inefficient. In order to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of biomarker validation, marker-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> sampling (MDS) may be used. In a MDS design, the selection of patients to assess true survival time is <span class="hlt">dependent</span> on the result of a biomarker assay. In this article, we introduce a nonparametric estimator for time-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> AUC under a MDS design. The consistency and the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is established. Simulation shows the unbiasedness of the proposed estimator and a significant efficiency gain of the MDS design over the SRS design. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26525056','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26525056"><span>Color Correction Parameter Estimation on the Smartphone and Its Application to Automatic Tongue <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hu, Min-Chun; Cheng, Ming-Hsun; Lan, Kun-Chan</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>An automatic tongue <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> framework is proposed to analyze tongue images taken by smartphones. Different from conventional tongue <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> systems, our input tongue images are usually in low resolution and taken under unknown lighting conditions. Consequently, existing tongue <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> methods cannot be directly applied to give <span class="hlt">accurate</span> results. We use the SVM (support vector machine) to predict the lighting condition and the corresponding color correction matrix according to the color difference of images taken with and without flash. We also modify the state-of-the-art work of fur and fissure detection for tongue images by taking hue information into consideration and adding a denoising step. Our method is able to correct the color of tongue images under different lighting conditions (e.g. fluorescent, incandescent, and halogen illuminant) and provide a better accuracy in tongue features detection with less processing complexity than the prior work. In this work, we proposed an automatic tongue <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> framework which can be applied to smartphones. Unlike the prior work which can only work in a controlled environment, our system can adapt to different lighting conditions by employing a novel color correction parameter estimation scheme.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3964170','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3964170"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and management of neurotrophic keratitis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sacchetti, Marta; Lambiase, Alessandro</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) is a degenerative disease characterized by corneal sensitivity reduction, spontaneous epithelium breakdown, and impairment of corneal healing. Several causes of NK, including herpetic keratitis, diabetes, and ophthalmic and neurosurgical procedures, share the common mechanism of trigeminal damage. <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of NK requires <span class="hlt">accurate</span> investigation of clinical ocular and systemic history, complete eye examination, and assessment of corneal sensitivity. All diagnostic procedures to achieve correct <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and classification of NK, including additional examinations such as in vivo confocal microscopy, are reviewed. NK can be classified according to severity of corneal damage, ie, epithelial alterations (stage 1), persistent epithelial defect (stage 2), and corneal ulcer (stage 3). Management of NK should be based on clinical severity, and aimed at promoting corneal healing and preventing progression of the disease to stromal melting and perforation. Concomitant ocular diseases, such as exposure keratitis, dry eye, and limbal stem cell deficiency, negatively influence the outcome of NK and should be treated. Currently, no specific medical treatment exists, and surgical approaches, such as amniotic membrane transplantation and conjunctival flap, are effective in preserving eye integrity, without ameliorating corneal sensitivity or visual function. This review describes experimental and clinical reports showing several novel and potential therapies for NK, including growth factors and metalloprotease inhibitors, as well as three ongoing Phase II clinical trials. PMID:24672223</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23236384','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23236384"><span>Anatomical brain images alone can <span class="hlt">accurately</span> diagnose chronic neuropsychiatric illnesses.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bansal, Ravi; Staib, Lawrence H; Laine, Andrew F; Hao, Xuejun; Xu, Dongrong; Liu, Jun; Weissman, Myrna; Peterson, Bradley S</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Diagnoses using imaging-based measures alone offer the hope of improving the accuracy of clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, thereby reducing the costs associated with incorrect treatments. Previous attempts to use brain imaging for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, however, have had only limited success in diagnosing patients who are independent of the samples used to derive the diagnostic algorithms. We aimed to develop a classification algorithm that can <span class="hlt">accurately</span> diagnose chronic, well-characterized neuropsychiatric illness in single individuals, given the availability of sufficiently precise delineations of brain regions across several neural systems in anatomical MR images of the brain. We have developed an automated method to diagnose individuals as having one of various neuropsychiatric illnesses using only anatomical MRI scans. The method employs a semi-supervised learning algorithm that discovers natural groupings of brains based on the spatial patterns of variation in the morphology of the cerebral cortex and other brain regions. We used split-half and leave-one-out cross-validation analyses in large MRI datasets to assess the reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of those groupings. In MRI datasets from persons with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Schizophrenia, Tourette Syndrome, Bipolar Disorder, or persons at high or low familial risk for Major Depressive Disorder, our method discriminated with high specificity and nearly perfect sensitivity the brains of persons who had one specific neuropsychiatric disorder from the brains of healthy participants and the brains of persons who had a different neuropsychiatric disorder. Although the classification algorithm presupposes the availability of precisely delineated brain regions, our findings suggest that patterns of morphological variation across brain surfaces, extracted from MRI scans alone, can successfully diagnose the presence of chronic neuropsychiatric disorders. Extensions of these methods are likely to provide biomarkers</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1663867','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1663867"><span>The treatment of Cushing's syndrome and adrenal cancer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Loriaux, D L</p> <p>1991-12-01</p> <p>Cushing's syndrome can be classified as either ACTH-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> or ACTH-independent, and appropriate treatment <span class="hlt">depends</span> on an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> differential <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> as the treatment modality is different for each category. This article details the therapies now being used and their success rates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3926196','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3926196"><span>Microtubule-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> regulation of mitotic protein degradation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Song, Ling; Craney, Allison; Rape, Michael</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> cell division <span class="hlt">depends</span> on tightly regulated ubiquitylation events catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex. Among its many substrates, the APC/C triggers the degradation of proteins that stabilize the mitotic spindle, and loss or accumulation of such spindle assembly factors can result in aneuploidy and cancer. Although critical for cell division, it has remained poorly understood how the timing of spindle assembly factor degradation is established during mitosis. Here, we report that active spindle assembly factors are protected from APC/C-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> degradation by microtubules. In contrast, those molecules that are not bound to microtubules are highly susceptible to proteolysis and turned over immediately after APC/C-activation. The correct timing of spindle assembly factor degradation, as achieved by this regulatory circuit, is required for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> spindle structure and function. We propose that the localized stabilization of APC/C-substrates provides a mechanism for the selective disposal of cell cycle regulators that have fulfilled their mitotic roles. PMID:24462202</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23338275','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23338275"><span>Open bite: <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, treatment and stability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Matsumoto, Mírian Aiko Nakane; Romano, Fábio Lourenço; Ferreira, José Tarcísio Lima; Valério, Rodrigo Alexandre</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Open bite has fascinated Orthodontics due to the difficulties regarding its treatment and maintenance of results. This anomaly has distinct characteristics that, in addition to the complexity of multiple etiological factors, have aesthetic and functional consequences. Within this etiological context, several types of mechanics have been used in open bite treatment, such as palatal crib, orthopedic forces, occlusal adjustment, orthodontic camouflage with or without extraction, orthodontic intervention using mini-implants or mini-plates, and even orthognathic surgery. An <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and etiological determination are always the best guides to establish the objectives and the ideal treatment plan for such a malocclusion. This report describes two cases of open bite. At the end of the treatment, both patients had their canines and molars in Class I occlusion, normal overjet and overbite, and stability during the posttreatment period.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4231512','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4231512"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kim, Bong Sik Matthew; Li, Bob T; Engel, Alexander; Samra, Jaswinder S; Clarke, Stephen; Norton, Ian D; Li, Angela E</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common problem encountered in the emergency department and in the primary care setting. Acute or overt gastrointestinal bleeding is visible in the form of hematemesis, melena or hematochezia. Chronic or occult gastrointestinal bleeding is not apparent to the patient and usually presents as positive fecal occult blood or iron deficiency anemia. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is recurrent bleeding when the source remains unidentified after upper endoscopy and colonoscopic evaluation and is usually from the small intestine. <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> clinical <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is crucial and guides definitive investigations and interventions. This review summarizes the overall diagnostic approach to gastrointestinal bleeding and provides a practical guide for clinicians. PMID:25400991</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26538614','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26538614"><span>Educational inequality in cardiovascular disease <span class="hlt">depends</span> on <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>: A nationwide register based study from Denmark.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Christensen, Anne V; Koch, Mette B; Davidsen, Michael; Jensen, Gorm B; Andersen, Lisbeth V; Juel, Knud</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>Social inequality is present in the morbidity as well as the mortality of cardiovascular diseases. This paper aims to quantify and compare the level of educational inequality across different cardiovascular diagnoses. Register based study. Comparison of the extent of inequality across different cardiovascular diagnoses requires a measure of inequality which is comparable across subgroups with different educational distributions. The slope index of inequality and the relative index of inequality were applied for measuring inequalities in incidence of six cardiovascular diagnoses: ischaemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation and stroke in the period 2005-2009. All individuals in the general Danish population aged 35-84 years were followed in national registers regarding hospitalisation, death and education from 1985 to 2009 (annual average of 2.9 million people) to define incident cases. Marked educational inequality was found in the incidence of ischaemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke (relative index of inequality: 0.37 (95% confidence interval 0.34; 0.40) to 0.60 (0.57; 0.63), absolute index of inequality: -241 (-254.4; -227.4) to -37 (-42.7; -31.1)) while inequality in atrial fibrillation and, in particular, in valvular heart disease was small and insignificant (relative index of inequality: 0.57 (0.49; 0.65) to 0.97 (0.88; 1.08), absolute index of inequality: -29 (-35.1; -21.9) to -1 (-4.8; -3.8)). The degree of educational inequality in cardiovascular diseases <span class="hlt">depends</span> on the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, with the highest inequality in ischaemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke. Small differences were found between men and women. © The European Society of Cardiology 2015.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26310271','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26310271"><span>Evaluation of Molecular and Immunohistochemical Adjunct Modalities in the <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of Soft Tissue Neoplasms.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mourtzoukou, Despoina; Fisher, Cyril; Thway, Khin</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of soft tissue neoplasms has crucial therapeutic and prognostic importance. There is frequent morphologic overlap between entities, and ancillary modalities are used in the vast majority of diagnoses. Immunohistochemistry is rapid and inexpensive, and in addition to the older markers that mainly detected cytoplasmic proteins, antibodies can indirectly detect tumor-specific genetic and molecular abnormalities. The use of molecular diagnostic techniques is now widespread, with molecular services often integrated into routine histopathology laboratories; as their cost and turnaround times begin to parallel those for immunohistochemistry, we compared the usefulness of ancillary immunohistochemistry, molecular genetic, and molecular cytogenetic techniques in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of soft tissue lesions. We evaluated the number and contribution of immunohistochemical tests and panels and of ancillary molecular techniques in the primary histopathologic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of 150 soft tissue lesions. Ninety of 150 cases required either only one immunohistochemical panel or minimal immunohistochemistry for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, while 39/150 required 2 to 4 panels. In 5/150, ancillary molecular tests alone (without immunohistochemistry) were diagnostically sufficient. The majority of cases required one immunohistochemical panel for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, with a smaller proportion requiring a second, and a minority requiring a third or fourth (which mainly comprised neoplasms for which the final <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was uncertain). Certain neoplasms required both extensive immunohistochemistry and ancillary molecular testing, despite which the final <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> was inconclusive. Ancillary molecular techniques now make a significant contribution to soft tissue tumor <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, being required in over one third (52/150) of cases, and were useful in confirming or excluding tumors that were not possible to conclusively diagnose with histology and immunohistochemistry. Only a small proportion of soft tissue</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EPJD...68..267D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EPJD...68..267D"><span><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> treatment of total photoabsorption cross sections by an ab initio time-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Daud, Mohammad Noh</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>A detailed discussion of parallel and perpendicular transitions required for the photoabsorption of a molecule is presented within a time-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> view. Total photoabsorption cross sections for the first two ultraviolet absorption bands of the N2O molecule corresponding to transitions from the X1 A' state to the 21 A' and 11 A'' states are calculated to test the reliability of the method. By fully considering the property of the electric field polarization vector of the incident light, the method treats the coupling of angular momentum and the parity differently for two kinds of transitions <span class="hlt">depending</span> on the direction of the vector whether it is: (a) situated parallel in a molecular plane for an electronic transition between states with the same symmetry; (b) situated perpendicular to a molecular plane for an electronic transition between states with different symmetry. Through this, for those transitions, we are able to offer an insightful picture of the dynamics involved and to characterize some new aspects in the photoabsorption process of N2O. Our calculations predicted that the parallel transition to the 21 A' state is the major dissociation pathway which is in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations. Most importantly, a significant improvement in the absolute value of the total cross section over previous theoretical results [R. Schinke, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 064313 (2011), M.N. Daud, G.G. Balint-Kurti, A. Brown, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 054305 (2005), S. Nanbu, M.S. Johnson, J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 8905 (2004)] was obtained.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhCS.783a2063S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhCS.783a2063S"><span>Systematic Product Development of Control and <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> Functionalities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Stetter, R.; Simundsson, A.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>In the scientific field of systematic product development a wide range of helpful methods, guidelines and tools were generated and published in recent years. Until now little special attention was given to design guidelines aiming at supporting product development engineers to design products that allow and support control or <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> functions. The general trend to ubiquitous computing and the first development steps towards cognitive systems as well as a general trend toward higher product safety, reliability and reduced total cost of ownership (TCO) in many engineering fields lead to a higher importance of control and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. In this paper a first attempt is made to formulate general valid guidelines how products can be developed in order to allow and to achieve effective and efficient control and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. The guidelines are elucidated on the example of an automated guided vehicle. One main concern of this paper is the integration of control and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> functionalities into the development of complete systems which include mechanical, electrical and electronic subsystems. For the development of such systems the strategies, methods and tools of systematic product development have attracted significant attention during the last decades. Today, the functionality and safety of most products is to a large degree <span class="hlt">dependent</span> on control and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> functionalities. Still, there is comparatively little research concentrating on the integration of the development of these functionalities into the overall product development processes. The paper starts with a background describing Systematic Product Development. The second section deals with the product development of the sample product. The third part clarifies the notions monitoring, control and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. The following parts summarize some insights and formulate first hypotheses concerning control and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in Systematic Product Development.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170001319','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170001319"><span>Near Real-Time Probabilistic Damage <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> Using Surrogate Modeling and High Performance Computing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Warner, James E.; Zubair, Mohammad; Ranjan, Desh</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>This work investigates novel approaches to probabilistic damage <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> that utilize surrogate modeling and high performance computing (HPC) to achieve substantial computational speedup. Motivated by Digital Twin, a structural health management (SHM) paradigm that integrates vehicle-specific characteristics with continual in-situ damage <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and prognosis, the methods studied herein yield near real-time damage assessments that could enable monitoring of a vehicle's health while it is operating (i.e. online SHM). High-fidelity modeling and uncertainty quantification (UQ), both critical to Digital Twin, are incorporated using finite element method simulations and Bayesian inference, respectively. The crux of the proposed Bayesian <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> methods, however, is the reformulation of the numerical sampling algorithms (e.g. Markov chain Monte Carlo) used to generate the resulting probabilistic damage estimates. To this end, three distinct methods are demonstrated for rapid sampling that utilize surrogate modeling and exploit various degrees of parallelism for leveraging HPC. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the methods are compared on the problem of strain-based crack identification in thin plates. While each approach has inherent problem-specific strengths and weaknesses, all approaches are shown to provide <span class="hlt">accurate</span> probabilistic damage diagnoses and several orders of magnitude computational speedup relative to a baseline Bayesian <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> implementation.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4739312','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4739312"><span>First European consensus for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>, management, and treatment of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Adams, David; Suhr, Ole B.; Hund, Ernst; Obici, Laura; Tournev, Ivailo; Campistol, Josep M.; Slama, Michel S.; Hazenberg, Bouke P.; Coelho, Teresa</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Purpose of review Early and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) represents one of the major challenges faced by physicians when caring for patients with idiopathic progressive neuropathy. There is little consensus in diagnostic and management approaches across Europe. Recent findings The low prevalence of TTR-FAP across Europe and the high variation in both genotype and phenotypic expression of the disease means that recognizing symptoms can be difficult outside of a specialized diagnostic environment. The resulting delay in <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and the possibility of misdiagnosis can misguide clinical decision-making and negatively impact subsequent treatment approaches and outcomes. Summary This review summarizes the findings from two meetings of the European Network for TTR-FAP (ATTReuNET). This is an emerging group comprising representatives from 10 European countries with expertise in the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and management of TTR-FAP, including nine National Reference Centres. The current review presents management strategies and a consensus on the gold standard for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of TTR-FAP as well as a structured approach to ongoing multidisciplinary care for the patient. Greater communication, not just between members of an individual patient's treatment team, but also between regional and national centres of expertise, is the key to the effective management of TTR-FAP. PMID:26734952</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26ES...40a2030W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016E%26ES...40a2030W"><span>A fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> system for PV power station based on global partitioned gradually approximation method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, S.; Zhang, X. N.; Gao, D. D.; Liu, H. X.; Ye, J.; Li, L. R.</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>As the solar photovoltaic (PV) power is applied extensively, more attentions are paid to the maintenance and fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of PV power plants. Based on analysis of the structure of PV power station, the global partitioned gradually approximation method is proposed as a fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> algorithm to determine and locate the fault of PV panels. The PV array is divided into 16x16 blocks and numbered. On the basis of modularly processing of the PV array, the current values of each block are analyzed. The mean current value of each block is used for calculating the fault weigh factor. The fault threshold is defined to determine the fault, and the shade is considered to reduce the probability of misjudgments. A fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> system is designed and implemented with LabVIEW. And it has some functions including the data realtime display, online check, statistics, real-time prediction and fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Through the data from PV plants, the algorithm is verified. The results show that the fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> results are <span class="hlt">accurate</span>, and the system works well. The validity and the possibility of the system are verified by the results as well. The developed system will be benefit for the maintenance and management of large scale PV array.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE10024E..1MD','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE10024E..1MD"><span>Hyperspectral-stimulated Raman scattering imaging of cholesteryl ester accumulation: new avenue to <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of human prostate cancer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Du, Jun; Wang, Ping; Yue, Shuhua</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Most prostate cancers (PCa) are slowly growing, and only the aggressive ones require early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and effective treatment. The current standard for PCa <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> remains histopathology. Nonetheless, for the differentiation between Gleason score 6 (low-risk PCa), which can be left without treatment, and Gleason score 7 (high-risk PCa), which requires active treatment, the inter-observer discordance can be up to 40%. Our previous study reveals that cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation induced by PI3K/AKT activation underlies human PCa aggressiveness. However, Raman spectromicroscopy used in this study could only provide compositional information of certain lipid droplets (LDs) selected by the observer, which overlooked cell-to-cell variation and hindered translation to <span class="hlt">accurate</span> automated <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Here, we demonstrated quantitative mapping of CE level in human prostate tissues using hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy that renders compositional information for every pixel in the image. Specifically, hundreds of SRS images at Raman shift between 1620-1800 cm-1 were taken, and multivariate curve resolution algorism was used to retrieve concentration images of acyl C=C bond, sterol C=C bond, and ester C=O bond. Given that the ratio between images of sterol C=C and ester C=O (sterol C=C/C=O) is nonlinearly proportional to CE percentage out of total lipid, we were able to quantitatively map CE level. Our data showed that CE level was significantly greater in high Gleason grade compared to low Gleason grade, and could be a factor that significantly contributed to cancer recurrence. Our study provides an opportunity towards more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> PCa <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and prediction of aggressiveness.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8788799','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8788799"><span>Profitable capitation requires <span class="hlt">accurate</span> costing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>West, D A; Hicks, L L; Balas, E A; West, T D</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>In the name of costing accuracy, nurses are asked to track inventory use on per treatment basis when more significant costs, such as general overhead and nursing salaries, are usually allocated to patients or treatments on an average cost basis. <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> treatment costing and financial viability require analysis of all resources actually consumed in treatment delivery, including nursing services and inventory. More precise costing information enables more profitable decisions as is demonstrated by comparing the ratio-of-cost-to-treatment method (aggregate costing) with alternative activity-based costing methods (ABC). Nurses must participate in this costing process to assure that capitation bids are based upon <span class="hlt">accurate</span> costs rather than simple averages.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ISPAr42.3.2167Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ISPAr42.3.2167Y"><span>Water Leakage <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> in Metro Tunnels by Intergration of Laser Point Cloud and Infrared Thermal Imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yu, P.; Wu, H.; Liu, C.; Xu, Z.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of water leakage in metro tunnels is of great significance to the metro tunnel construction and the safety of metro operation. A method that integrates laser scanning and infrared thermal imaging is proposed for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of water leakage. The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of water leakage in this paper is mainly divided into two parts: extraction of water leakage geometry information and extraction of water leakage attribute information. Firstly, the suspected water leakage is obtained by threshold segmentation based on the point cloud of tunnel. And the real water leakage is obtained by the auxiliary interpretation of infrared thermal images. Then, the characteristic of isotherm outline is expressed by solving Centroid Distance Function to determine the type of water leakage. Similarly, the location of leakage silt and the direction of crack are calculated by finding coordinates of feature points on Centroid Distance Function. Finally, a metro tunnel part in Shanghai was selected as the case area to make experiment and the result shown that the proposed method in this paper can be used to <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> water leakage disease completely and <span class="hlt">accurately</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPS...378..646L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPS...378..646L"><span>Data-driven simultaneous fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for solid oxide fuel cell system using multi-label pattern identification</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Shuanghong; Cao, Hongliang; Yang, Yupu</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is a key process for the reliability and safety of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems. However, it is difficult to rapidly and <span class="hlt">accurately</span> identify faults for complicated SOFC systems, especially when simultaneous faults appear. In this research, a data-driven Multi-Label (ML) pattern identification approach is proposed to address the simultaneous fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of SOFC systems. The framework of the simultaneous-fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> primarily includes two components: feature extraction and ML-SVM classifier. The simultaneous-fault <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> approach can be trained to diagnose simultaneous SOFC faults, such as fuel leakage, air leakage in different positions in the SOFC system, by just using simple training data sets consisting only single fault and not demanding simultaneous faults data. The experimental result shows the proposed framework can diagnose the simultaneous SOFC system faults with high accuracy requiring small number training data and low computational burden. In addition, Fault Inference Tree Analysis (FITA) is employed to identify the correlations among possible faults and their corresponding symptoms at the system component level.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341049','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341049"><span>The <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of neonatal pulmonary atelectasis using lung ultrasonography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Jing; Chen, Shui-Wen; Liu, Fang; Li, Qiu-Ping; Kong, Xiang-Yong; Feng, Zhi-Chun</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Ultrasonography has been used for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of many kinds of lung conditions, but few studies have investigated ultrasound for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of neonatal pulmonary atelectasis (NAP). In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of lung ultrasonography for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of NPA. From May 2012 to December 2013, 80 neonates with NPA and 50 neonates without lung disease were enrolled in this study. Each lung of every infant was divided into the anterior, lateral, and posterior regions by the anterior and posterior axillary lines. Each region was scanned carefully with the probe perpendicular or parallel to the ribs. The ultrasound findings were confirmed by chest radiograph (CXR) or CT scan. Sixty of the 80 patients with signs of NPA on lung ultrasound also had signs of NPA on CXR (termed focal-type atelectasis), and the other 20 patients had signs of NPA on chest CT scan while there were no abnormal findings on CXR (termed occult lung atelectasis). In patients with NPA, the main ultrasound findings were large areas of lung consolidation with clearly demarcated borders, air bronchograms, pleural line abnormalities, and absence of A-lines, as well as the presence of lung pulse and absence of lung sliding on real-time ultrasound. The sensitivity of lung ultrasonography for the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of NPA was 100%, whereas the sensitivity of CXR was 75%. Large areas of lung consolidation with clearly demarcated borders were only observed in patients with NPA. Lung ultrasonography is an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and reliable method for diagnosing NPA; most importantly, it can find those occult lung atelectasis that could not be detected on CXR. Routine lung ultrasonography is a useful method of diagnosing or excluding NPA in neonates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3734233','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3734233"><span>Directional RNA-seq reveals highly complex condition-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> transcriptomes in E. coli K12 through <span class="hlt">accurate</span> full-length transcripts assembling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Background Although prokaryotic gene transcription has been studied over decades, many aspects of the process remain poorly understood. Particularly, recent studies have revealed that transcriptomes in many prokaryotes are far more complex than previously thought. Genes in an operon are often alternatively and dynamically transcribed under different conditions, and a large portion of genes and intergenic regions have antisense RNA (asRNA) and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts, respectively. Ironically, similar studies have not been conducted in the model bacterium E coli K12, thus it is unknown whether or not the bacterium possesses similar complex transcriptomes. Furthermore, although RNA-seq becomes the major method for analyzing the complexity of prokaryotic transcriptome, it is still a challenging task to <span class="hlt">accurately</span> assemble full length transcripts using short RNA-seq reads. Results To fill these gaps, we have profiled the transcriptomes of E. coli K12 under different culture conditions and growth phases using a highly specific directional RNA-seq technique that can capture various types of transcripts in the bacterial cells, combined with a highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and robust algorithm and tool TruHMM (http://bioinfolab.uncc.edu/TruHmm_package/) for assembling full length transcripts. We found that 46.9 ~ 63.4% of expressed operons were utilized in their putative alternative forms, 72.23 ~ 89.54% genes had putative asRNA transcripts and 51.37 ~ 72.74% intergenic regions had putative ncRNA transcripts under different culture conditions and growth phases. Conclusions As has been demonstrated in many other prokaryotes, E. coli K12 also has a highly complex and dynamic transcriptomes under different culture conditions and growth phases. Such complex and dynamic transcriptomes might play important roles in the physiology of the bacterium. TruHMM is a highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and robust algorithm for assembling full-length transcripts in prokaryotes using directional RNA</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........17X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........17X"><span>Orbital <span class="hlt">dependent</span> functionals: An atom projector augmented wave method implementation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, Xiao</p> <p></p> <p>This thesis explores the formulation and numerical implementation of orbital <span class="hlt">dependent</span> exchange-correlation functionals within electronic structure calculations. These orbital-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> exchange-correlation functionals have recently received renewed attention as a means to improve the physical representation of electron interactions within electronic structure calculations. In particular, electron self-interaction terms can be avoided. In this thesis, an orbital-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> functional is considered in the context of Hartree-Fock (HF) theory as well as the Optimized Effective Potential (OEP) method and the approximate OEP method developed by Krieger, Li, and Iafrate, known as the KLI approximation. In this thesis, the Fock exchange term is used as a simple well-defined example of an orbital-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> functional. The Projected Augmented Wave (PAW) method developed by P. E. Blochl has proven to be <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and efficient for electronic structure calculations for local and semi-local functions because of its <span class="hlt">accurate</span> evaluation of interaction integrals by controlling multiple moments. We have extended the PAW method to treat orbital-<span class="hlt">dependent</span> functionals in Hartree-Fock theory and the Optimized Effective Potential method, particularly in the KLI approximation. In the course of study we develop a frozen-core orbital approximation that <span class="hlt">accurately</span> treats the core electron contributions for above three methods. The main part of the thesis focuses on the treatment of spherical atoms. We have investigated the behavior of PAW-Hartree Fock and PAW-KLI basis, projector, and pseudopotential functions for several elements throughout the periodic table. We have also extended the formalism to the treatment of solids in a plane wave basis and implemented PWPAW-KLI code, which will appear in future publications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ZNatA..72..673W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ZNatA..72..673W"><span>Highly <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Analytical Approximate Solution to a Nonlinear Pseudo-Oscillator</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wu, Baisheng; Liu, Weijia; Lim, C. W.</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>A second-order Newton method is presented to construct analytical approximate solutions to a nonlinear pseudo-oscillator in which the restoring force is inversely proportional to the <span class="hlt">dependent</span> variable. The nonlinear equation is first expressed in a specific form, and it is then solved in two steps, a predictor and a corrector step. In each step, the harmonic balance method is used in an appropriate manner to obtain a set of linear algebraic equations. With only one simple second-order Newton iteration step, a short, explicit, and highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span> analytical approximate solution can be derived. The approximate solutions are valid for all amplitudes of the pseudo-oscillator. Furthermore, the method incorporates second-order Taylor expansion in a natural way, and it is of significant faster convergence rate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAP...122a4901T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAP...122a4901T"><span><span class="hlt">Accurate</span> acoustic power measurement for low-intensity focused ultrasound using focal axial vibration velocity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tao, Chenyang; Guo, Gepu; Ma, Qingyu; Tu, Juan; Zhang, Dong; Hu, Jimin</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Low-intensity focused ultrasound is a form of therapy that can have reversible acoustothermal effects on biological tissue, <span class="hlt">depending</span> on the exposure parameters. The acoustic power (AP) should be chosen with caution for the sake of safety. To recover the energy of counteracted radial vibrations at the focal point, an <span class="hlt">accurate</span> AP measurement method using the focal axial vibration velocity (FAVV) is proposed in explicit formulae and is demonstrated experimentally using a laser vibrometer. The experimental APs for two transducers agree well with theoretical calculations and numerical simulations, showing that AP is proportional to the square of the FAVV, with a fixed power gain determined by the physical parameters of the transducers. The favorable results suggest that the FAVV can be used as a valuable parameter for non-contact AP measurement, providing a new strategy for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> power control for low-intensity focused ultrasound in biomedical engineering.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4842359','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4842359"><span>Centered Kernel Alignment Enhancing Neural Network Pretraining for MRI-Based Dementia <span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cárdenas-Peña, David; Collazos-Huertas, Diego; Castellanos-Dominguez, German</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Dementia is a growing problem that affects elderly people worldwide. More <span class="hlt">accurate</span> evaluation of dementia <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> can help during the medical examination. Several methods for computer-aided dementia <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> have been proposed using resonance imaging scans to discriminate between patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls (NC). Nonetheless, the computer-aided <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> is especially challenging because of the heterogeneous and intermediate nature of MCI. We address the automated dementia <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> by introducing a novel supervised pretraining approach that takes advantage of the artificial neural network (ANN) for complex classification tasks. The proposal initializes an ANN based on linear projections to achieve more discriminating spaces. Such projections are estimated by maximizing the centered kernel alignment criterion that assesses the affinity between the resonance imaging data kernel matrix and the label target matrix. As a result, the performed linear embedding allows accounting for features that contribute the most to the MCI class discrimination. We compare the supervised pretraining approach to two unsupervised initialization methods (autoencoders and Principal Component Analysis) and against the best four performing classification methods of the 2014 CADDementia challenge. As a result, our proposal outperforms all the baselines (7% of classification accuracy and area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve) at the time it reduces the class biasing. PMID:27148392</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29495209','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29495209"><span>[Cases <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of imported malaria in Jiangsu province, 2014-2016].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cao, Y Y; Wang, W M; Zhou, H Y; Zhu, G D; Xu, S; Gu, Y P; Zhang, C; Liu, Y B; Cao, J</p> <p>2018-02-10</p> <p>Objective: To understand the situation related to health seeking and <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of imported malaria and to provide practical measures for malaria elimination in Jiangsu province. Methods: Data on imported malaria cases in Jiangsu province was retrieved in CISDCP from 2014 to 2016. Relevant information on health seeking behavior, <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and treatment of the disease was gathered. Results: A total of 1 068 imported cases were reported in Jiangsu province from 2014 to 2016. Except for one malaria case that was caused by blood transfusion, the rest patients were all recognized as 'imported'. Majority of the cases were migrant laborers working in African countries. The <span class="hlt">accurate</span> rates on the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of ovale, vivax and quartan malaria and mixed infection were relatively low, as 79.3% (107/135), 29.5% (18/61), 52.9% (18/34) and 0.0% (0/2) at the primary health care settings, respectively. Rate of seeking health care on the same day of onset was more in 2015 than in 2014 and 2016 ( χ (2)=18.6, P =0.001). While only 65.4% (699/1 068) of the patients were diagnosed correctly at the primary health care settings. There appeared no statistical difference in the 3-year-study period ( χ (2)=5.4, P =0.246). Capacity on 'correct <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>' seemed stronger at the CDC than at the hospital levels ( χ (2)=13.2, P =0.000; χ (2)=5.4, P =0.020). Totally, 72.7% (32/44) of the severe falciparum malaria cases did not immediately seek for health care when the symptoms started. Conclusions: Migrant workers returning from the high endemic malaria areas seemed to have poor awareness in seeking health care services. Capability on correct <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> for malaria at the primary health care settings remained unsatisfactory and staff from these settings needs to receive adequate training.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11899709','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11899709"><span>[<span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> of tuberculosis meningitis by detection of adenosine deaminase activity and amplification of nucleotide sequences with PCR].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Correa, M F; Armas, E; Díaz, D; de Elguezabal, K; De la Rosa, M L; Calles, G; Adjounian, H; Pedroza, R</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe and lethal form of tuberculosis. The rapid bacteriological <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> with the conventional techniques is nearly impossible in TBM. There for many patients are treated with anti-TBC drugs without a definitive <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. A more fast and <span class="hlt">accurate</span> diagnostic method is necessary, in order to initiate the treatment on time to prevent the irreversible neurologic sequel or death. We evaluated the use of two rapid methods: Adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for IS6110 and mtp40 sequences on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from chronic meningitis patients. For ADA activity > 8.0 U/L the sensibility and specificity was 80% and 91%. PCR sensibility was 80% and specificity 97%. ADA activity and PCR on CSF could be specially useful as complementary tools in the early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of TBM.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990019833&hterms=Code+three+definition&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DCode%2Bthree%2Bdefinition','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990019833&hterms=Code+three+definition&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DCode%2Bthree%2Bdefinition"><span>Automated Development of <span class="hlt">Accurate</span> Algorithms and Efficient Codes for Computational Aeroacoustics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Goodrich, John W.; Dyson, Rodger W.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>The simulation of sound generation and propagation in three space dimensions with realistic aircraft components is a very large time <span class="hlt">dependent</span> computation with fine details. Simulations in open domains with embedded objects require <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and robust algorithms for propagation, for artificial inflow and outflow boundaries, and for the definition of geometrically complex objects. The development, implementation, and validation of methods for solving these demanding problems is being done to support the NASA pillar goals for reducing aircraft noise levels. Our goal is to provide algorithms which are sufficiently <span class="hlt">accurate</span> and efficient to produce usable results rapidly enough to allow design engineers to study the effects on sound levels of design changes in propulsion systems, and in the integration of propulsion systems with airframes. There is a lack of design tools for these purposes at this time. Our technical approach to this problem combines the development of new, algorithms with the use of Mathematica and Unix utilities to automate the algorithm development, code implementation, and validation. We use explicit methods to ensure effective implementation by domain decomposition for SPMD parallel computing. There are several orders of magnitude difference in the computational efficiencies of the algorithms which we have considered. We currently have new artificial inflow and outflow boundary conditions that are stable, <span class="hlt">accurate</span>, and unobtrusive, with implementations that match the accuracy and efficiency of the propagation methods. The artificial numerical boundary treatments have been proven to have solutions which converge to the full open domain problems, so that the error from the boundary treatments can be driven as low as is required. The purpose of this paper is to briefly present a method for developing highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span> algorithms for computational aeroacoustics, the use of computer automation in this process, and a brief survey of the algorithms that</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25211741','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25211741"><span>Politics, profit, and psychiatric <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>: a case study of tobacco use disorder.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hirshbein, Laura D</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>The idea of tobacco or nicotine <span class="hlt">dependence</span> as a specific psychiatric <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> appeared in 1980 and has evolved through successive editions of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Not surprisingly, the tobacco industry attempted to challenge this <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> through behind-the-scenes influence. But another entity put corporate muscle into supporting the <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>-the pharmaceutical industry. Psychiatry's ongoing professional challenges have left it vulnerable to multiple professional, social, and commercial forces. The example of tobacco use disorder illustrates that mental health concepts used to develop public health goals and policy need to be critically assessed. I review the conflicting commercial, professional, and political aims that helped to construct psychiatric diagnoses relating to smoking. This history suggests that a <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> regarding tobacco has as much to do with social and cultural circumstances as it does with science.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PMB....62.3757Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PMB....62.3757Y"><span>An automated method for <span class="hlt">accurate</span> vessel segmentation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Xin; Liu, Chaoyue; Le Minh, Hung; Wang, Zhiwei; Chien, Aichi; (Tim Cheng, Kwang-Ting</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Vessel segmentation is a critical task for various medical applications, such as <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> assistance of diabetic retinopathy, quantification of cerebral aneurysm’s growth, and guiding surgery in neurosurgical procedures. Despite technology advances in image segmentation, existing methods still suffer from low accuracy for vessel segmentation in the two challenging while common scenarios in clinical usage: (1) regions with a low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), and (2) at vessel boundaries disturbed by adjacent non-vessel pixels. In this paper, we present an automated system which can achieve highly <span class="hlt">accurate</span> vessel segmentation for both 2D and 3D images even under these challenging scenarios. Three key contributions achieved by our system are: (1) a progressive contrast enhancement method to adaptively enhance contrast of challenging pixels that were otherwise indistinguishable, (2) a boundary refinement method to effectively improve segmentation accuracy at vessel borders based on Canny edge detection, and (3) a content-aware region-of-interests (ROI) adjustment method to automatically determine the locations and sizes of ROIs which contain ambiguous pixels and demand further verification. Extensive evaluation of our method is conducted on both 2D and 3D datasets. On a public 2D retinal dataset (named DRIVE (Staal 2004 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 23 501-9)) and our 2D clinical cerebral dataset, our approach achieves superior performance to the state-of-the-art methods including a vesselness based method (Frangi 1998 Int. Conf. on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention) and an optimally oriented flux (OOF) based method (Law and Chung 2008 European Conf. on Computer Vision). An evaluation on 11 clinical 3D CTA cerebral datasets shows that our method can achieve 94% average accuracy with respect to the manual segmentation reference, which is 23% to 33% better than the five baseline methods (Yushkevich 2006 Neuroimage 31 1116-28; Law and Chung 2008</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12856967','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12856967"><span>A multimedia patient simulation for teaching and assessing endodontic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Littlefield, John H; Demps, Elaine L; Keiser, Karl; Chatterjee, Lipika; Yuan, Cheng H; Hargreaves, Kenneth M</p> <p>2003-06-01</p> <p>Teaching and assessing diagnostic skills are difficult due to relatively small numbers of total clinical experiences and a shortage of clinical faculty. Patient simulations could help teach and assess <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> by displaying a well-defined diagnostic task, then providing informative feedback and opportunities for repetition and correction of errors. This report describes the development and initial evaluation of SimEndo I, a multimedia patient simulation program that could be used for teaching or assessing endodontic <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span>. Students interact with a graphical interface that has four pull-down menus and related submenus. In response to student requests, the program presents patient information. Scoring is based on <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of each case by endodontists. Pilot testing with seventy-four junior dental students identified numerous needed improvements to the user interface program. A multi-school field test of the interface program using three patient cases addressed three research questions: 1) How did the field test students evaluate SimEndo I? Overall mean evaluation was 8.1 on a 0 to 10 scale; 2) How many cases are needed to generate a reproducible diagnostic proficiency score for an individual student using the Rimoldi scoring procedure? Mean diagnostic proficiency scores by case ranged from .27 to .40 on a 0 to 1 scale; five cases would produce a score with a 0.80 reliability coefficient; and 3) Did students <span class="hlt">accurately</span> diagnose each case? Mean correct <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> scores by case ranged from .54 to .78 on a 0 to 1 scale. We conclude that multimedia patient simulations offer a promising alternative for teaching and assessing student diagnostic skills.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26356792','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26356792"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dugum, Mohannad; McCullough, Arthur</p> <p>2015-06-28</p> <p>Alcohol is a leading cause of liver disease and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several factors, including the amount and duration of alcohol consumption, affect the development and progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). ALD represents a spectrum of liver pathology ranging from fatty change to fibrosis to cirrhosis. Early <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> of ALD is important to encourage alcohol abstinence, minimize the progression of liver fibrosis, and manage cirrhosis-related complications including hepatocellular carcinoma. A number of questionnaires and laboratory tests are available to screen for alcohol intake. Liver biopsy remains the gold-standard diagnostic tool for ALD, but noninvasive <span class="hlt">accurate</span> alternatives, including a number of biochemical tests as well as liver stiffness measurement, are increasingly being utilized in the evaluation of patients with suspected ALD. The management of ALD <span class="hlt">depends</span> largely on complete abstinence from alcohol. Supportive care should focus on treating alcohol withdrawal and providing enteral nutrition while managing the complications of liver failure. Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a devastating acute form of ALD that requires early recognition and specialized tertiary medical care. Assessment of AH severity using defined scoring systems is important to allocate resources and initiate appropriate therapy. Corticosteroids or pentoxifylline are commonly used in treating AH but provide a limited survival benefit. Liver transplantation represents the ultimate therapy for patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, with most transplant centers mandating a 6 month period of abstinence from alcohol before listing. Early liver transplantation is also emerging as a therapeutic measure in specifically selected patients with severe AH. A number of novel targeted therapies for ALD are currently being evaluated in clinical trials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28459748','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28459748"><span><span class="hlt">Diagnosis</span> and Characterization of Patellofemoral Instability: Review of Available Imaging Modalities.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Thawait, Gaurav K; Tanaka, Miho J; Demehri, Shadpour</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Patellofemoral instability (PI) is defined as single or multiple episodes of patellar dislocation. Imaging modalities are useful for characterization of patellar malalignment, maltracking, underlying morphologic abnormalities, and stabilizing soft-tissue injuries. Using these findings, orthopedic surgeons can decide when to operate, determine the best operation, and measure degree of correction postoperatively in PI patients. Also, these methods assist with PI <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> in some suspicious cases. Magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred method especially in the setting of acute dislocations. Multidetector computed tomography allows a more <span class="hlt">accurate</span> assessment for malalignment such as patellar tilt and lateral subluxation and secondary osteoarthritis. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging and 4-dimensional computed tomography have been introduced for better kinematic assessment of the patellofemoral maltracking during extension-flexion motions. In this review article, we will discuss the currently available evidence regarding both the conventional and the novel imaging modalities that can be used for <span class="hlt">diagnosis</span> and characterization of PI.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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