In comparison to laboratory gamma-ray spectroscopy, in situ gamma-ray spectrometry characterizes a much larger volume of material, requires much less time to determine accurate radionuclide concentrations, and minimizes worker dose and the risk of radioactive contamination. However, the main limitation of in situ ...

... Radioassay was performed for the presence and specific concentration of individual gamma ray emitters by gamma ray spectrometry. ...

Analyses of standard materials have shown that sulfur abundances calculated using the 841-keV prompt ..gamma..-ray were accurate and precise. Subsequently, in attempts to measure sulfur in chondritic meteorites, results revealed ..gamma.. rays which might interfere with the sulfur abundances obtained. The ...

Low-level gamma-ray spectrometry generally equates to high-sensitivity gamma-ray spectrometry that can be attained by background reduction, selective signal identification, or some combination of both. Various methods for selectively identifying gamma-ray...

Thermal neutron induced prompt ..gamma..-ray spectrometry has been investigated as a technique to measure elemental S concentrations in complex materials. Comparison of analytical results of standardized materials shows the method to be accurate. Repeated analyses of 100 mg of elemental S gave a 1 percent standard deviation from the ...

We are studying the feasibility of determining the plutonium concentration and isotopic distribution of highly radioactive, spent-fuel dissolver solutions by employing high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. The study involves gamma-ray plutonium isotopic...

... ii- comprehensive technical report covering all of the technique of focusing curved crystal spectrometry of short wavelength gamma-rays had been ...

This report describes the quality control procedures, calibration, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data in measuring the activity of gamma ray-emitting radionuclides in environmental samples. Included in the appendices are basic data for selected gamma ray-emitting ra...

A neutron capture gamma-ray facility was constructed for prompt gamma-ray spectrometry, and its characteristics were measured. In the facility, a neutron beam is extracted from the H-6 horizontal experimental hole of Japan Research Reactor No.3, JAERI, an...

National Airborne Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Data for Canada ... It has Gamma-ray spectrometry collected since 1971 and surveys including aeromagnetic data and VLF-EM since 1980. ... AIRBORNE MAGNETOMETER � AIRBORNE VLF ...

Compton recoil gamma-ray spectroscopy provides absolute measurements of continuous gamma-ray spectra. Peaks which possess sufficient intensity above the continuum level can be observed. Since the inception of this spectrometric method, this method has evo...

Because COMPTEL has a wide field of view (though not as wide as BATSE) and can accurately locate gamma ray sources, one of its primary functions will be to ...

We have studied the improvement in simultaneous measurements of concentrations and isotopic compositions for plutonium in input spent-fuel dissolver solutions at a reprocessing plant by isotope dilution gamma-ray spectrometry (IDGS) technique. The IDGS technique uses the high-resolution low-energy gamma-ray ...

Twelve reference materials have been analyzed by both procedures for carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen concentrations. Both methods are shown to be accurate with time and cost advantages favoring combustion analysis. 3 tables.

In the safeguards, arms control, and nonproliferation regimes measurements are required which give the quantity of fissile material in an accounting item, e.g., a standard container of plutonium or uranium oxide. Because of the complexity of modeling the absorption of gamma rays in high-Z materials, gamma-ray ...

Members of the ' alpha -, beta -, gamma -ray Spectrometry Group' of the International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology (ICRM) have compiled metrological problems, mainly in beta - und gamma -ray spectrometry, met with in diverse fields of applied radi...

A radioactive logging source carried by a logging tool injects gamma rays into the formation. A detector generates a pulse for each gamma ray incident upon the detector having an amplitude proportional to the gamma ray energy. Electrical signals corresponding to each such ...

The present invention lies in the field of gamma ray spectrometry of geologic deposits and other materials, such as building materials (cement, asphalt, etc.). More specifically, the invention is an improved device for the gamma ray spectrometry of geolog...

The isotope dilution gamma-ray spectrometry (IDGS) technique for determining the plutonium concentration and isotopic composition of highly radioactive spent-fuel dissolver solutions has been further developed. Both the sample preparation and the analysis...

While well-developed methodologies exist for the employment of high- resolution gamma ray spectrometry (HRGS) in determining the isotopic composition of plutonium samples, the potential capabilities of such measurements in determining the properties of nu...

Isotope Dilution Gamma-ray Spectrometry (IDGS) is a method using gamma-ray spectrometry technique to measure plutonium in solutions. To measure the plutonium concentration, the unknown solutions are spiked with plutonium of accurately known plutonium mass and isotopic composition. The isotopic ...

... applications, including aspects of atomic and molecular physics, the formation of positive ions for mass spectrometry, and gamma ray astronomy. ...

A total of 31 samples from Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), including materials of Al, V, and

The Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) spacecraft, to be launched in 1991, was designed to study

When the high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry was used in the analysis of (234)U and (230)Th in samples, there is a much more need to correct for the measured activity results of (234)U and (230)Th mainly due to self-absorption effects and the interfering lines from (226)Ra, (235)U, (238)U and their decay products that often might be present in the ...

Gamma-ray spectrometry permits to improve the accuracy of natural gamma, gamma-gamma and neutron-gamma geophysical measurements. The probe developed at Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay allows down-hole gamma-ray spectrometry. Among others, this probe ...

From international conference on modern trends in activation analysis; Saclay, France (2 Oct 1972). New circuits are presented to determine precisely the counting losses suffered in the entire gamma-ray spectrometer and to allow automatic correction for them even in the case of time-dependent counting rates as encountered in the measurement of short-lived ...

The US paper �Radionuclide Sampling, Sample Handling and Analytical Laboratory Equipment for Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty On-Site Inspections,� CTBT/PC/V/OSI/WSII/PR/29 identified the radionuclides of interest to an OS1 as ¹⁴⁴Ce, ¹⁴⁷Nd, ¹⁴¹Ce, ¹⁴⁹Ba¹⁴⁰La), ...

The US paper ?Radionuclide Sampling, Sample Handling and Analytical Laboratory Equipment for Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty On-Site Inspections,? CTBT/PC/V/OSI/WSII/PR/29 identified the radionuclides of interest to an OS1 as ¹⁴⁴Ce, ¹⁴⁷Nd, ¹⁴¹Ce, ¹⁴⁹Ba¹⁴⁰La), ⁹⁵ ...

In proton therapy, the dose distribution of proton beams in the human body needs to be measured accurately. The distribution of prompt gamma rays emitted from patients during irradiation is strongly associated with the dose distribution of the proton beam. The (three-dimensional) 3D distribution of the prompt gamma ...

The authors describe the initial development of the FRAM gamma-ray spectrometry code for analyzing plutonium isotopics, discuss its methodology, and present some comparisons with MGA on identical items. They also present some of the features of a new Windows 3.1-based version (PC/FRAM) and describe some current measurement problems. Development of the FRAM ...

A near-optimum procedure for using high-resolution (gamma)-ray spectrometry to measure the half-lives of appropriate (gamma)-ray- emitting-nuclides is presented. Among the important points of the procedure are the employment of the reference source method...

In-situ gamma-ray spectrometry has recently been performed with a portable Ge detector system in various fields; in-situ measurements of environmental gamma-rays, measurements of inner contained activities, etc. It is necessary that a multichannel pulse h...

A comprehensive catalogue was prepared of the response of a seintillatiom detector to the gamma spectrum of a number of individual nuclides. Applications of the data im gamma scintillation spectrometry are discussed. (C.H.)

Using radiogenic elemental abundances derived from Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) observations, we estimate the crustal component of martian heat flow for specific geologic features and regions, both present day and at the time of formation.

Simulated and real experimental data are used to investigate the use of (1) active computed tomography (ACT) to obtain images of attenuated gamma rays from a waste-canister interior; (2) passive computed tomography (PCT) to locate and determine the radioi...

The IAEA noted a requirement for materials specifically designed for use in calibrating laboratory gamma-ray spectrometers used for the analysis of geological and uranium exploration samples. Following the recommendations of the Consultants' Group, arrang...

Possible radioisotope distributions and resulting gamma-ray spectra which may be present in a reactor containment atmosphere following an accident, were studied. Gamma spectra were investigated for gap release and severe fuel melt at different times after...

Specific gamma-ray spectrometric procedures have been developed for counting samples in the field. The analysis of spectra has been streamlined by the use of an on-line portable programmable calculator, making real-time interactive data analysis possible ...

In reactor environments, gamma-ray spectra are continuous and the absolute magnitude as well as the general shape of the gamma continuum are of paramount importance. Consequently, conventional methods of gamma-ray detection are not suitable for in-core ga...

A detailed description of the method is presented. The range of application is shown. The calibration of the in-situ gamma ray spectrometer with a HPGe semiconductor detector and the evaluation of the spectra are described. A measuring time of about 15-30...

We describe the characteristics and features and demonstrate the performance of a new code (FRAM) for determining the isotopic composition of plutonium using gamma-ray spectroscopy. This versatile code can measure an extremely wide range of isotopic compo...

This report describes CZT crystals and their use in large arrays for generation of gamma ray spectra. Laboratory spectra will be shown together with spectra accumulated by various battery powered portable instruments (see Appendix A). One of these portabl...

Gamma-ray spectrometric methods using high-resolution Ge(Li) and high purity Ge detectors have been used to quantify the concentrations and external exposure rates of radionuclides in the soil. These in situ methods have been used to study radionuclide de...

The goal of this demonstration was to show that it is possible to generate electronic signals that can accurately mimic the signals that are produced by a high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray detector. As an example of this fidelity, we decided to show ...

The Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) spacecraft needs a highly accurate attitude knowledge to achieve its mission objectives. Utilizing the fixed-head star trackers (FHSTs) for observations and gyroscopes for attitude propagation, the discrete Kalman Filter pr...

A nondestructive method based on low-energy, high-resolution photon spectrometry is presented which allows accurate determination of (239)Pu, (240)Pu, and (241)Am (as a daughter of (241)Pu) activities in radioactive particles containing relatively high levels of plutonium isotopes. The proposed method requires only one measurement for the establishment of ...

Most of nuclei emit two or more prompt gamma rays in the neutron capture reaction. In multiple prompt gamma-ray analysis (MPGA), the gamma rays are simultaneously measured by two or more sets of gamma-ray detectors; these gamma rays are reduced to a ...

Most of nuclei emit two or more prompt gamma rays in the neutron capture reaction. In multiple prompt gamma-ray analysis (MPGA), the gamma rays are simultaneously measured by two or more sets of gamma-ray detectors; these gamma rays are reduced to a ...

This report provides gamma ray response functions of NaI (T1) scintillation detectors being widely used in gamma ray spectrometry. The response functions have been calculated with the Monte Carlo method for eight kinds of NaI (T1) detectors, that is, 1''p...

A method of calculating crew-shield capture gamma rays is presented. Comparison of results of the calculations by this method and measurements shows that the method is a satisfactory temporary approach until more accurate methods are completed. Experimental data are shown to demonstrate the importance of the dose rate from ...

The identification of the radiolytic products of mycotoxins is a key issue in the feasibility study of gamma ray radiation detoxification. Methanol-water solution (60:40, v/v) spiked with aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1); 20mgL(-1)) was irradiated with Co(60) gamma ray to generate radiolytic products. Liquid ...

We have initiated a feasibility study on the use of nondestructive low-energy gamma-ray spectroscopy for plutonium isotopic analysis on resin beads. Seven resin bead samples were measured, with each sample containing an average of 9 ..mu..g of plutonium; the isotopic compositions of the samples varied over a wide range. The gamma-ray spectroscopy results, obtained from 4-h ...

... different marine hydrobiological samples by using a scintillation gamma-ray spectrometer consisting of a NaJ (Tl) crystal measuring 40 x 40 with a ...

The authors present scientometric study of the citations and publication data. It shows the present state of neutron activation analysis (NAA) and applied nuclear chemistry as compared to other analytical techniques.

Jul 5, 2007 ... Abstract: Throium, uranium, potassium, aluminium-26, and sodium-22 were measured by nondestructive gamma ray spectrometry in six soil and ...

... There are two acceptable noble gas monitoring methods for CTBT verification purposes: high-resolution gamma-ray (-) spectrometry and beta ...

... Gamma-Ray Camera and Spectrometer Instruments; Up Close and Personal: In Situ Analysis with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry; ...

Although gamma ray showers are muon-poor, they still produce a number of muons sufficient to make the sources observed by GeV and TeV telescopes observable also in muons. For sources with hard gamma ray spectra there is a relative `enhancement' of muons from gamma ray ...

Current work is described for Compton Recoil Gamma-Ray Spectrometry including developments in experimental technique as well as recent reactor spectrometry measurements. The current status of the method is described concerning gamma spectromoetry probe de...

Owing to the weak absorption of gamma radiation by matter, gamma-ray spectrometry may be applied to samples of great volume. A very interesting case is that of the gamma-ray spectrometry applied with 4PI geometry around the detector on a sample assumed to...

The working group ' alpha -, beta -, gamma -Ray Spectrometry' of the International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology (ICRM) compiled about 35 monographs on alpha -, beta -, gamma - and X-ray spectrometry which were published in the years 1970 to 1976. ...

4) Detection of approximately 250 gamma-ray bursts per year with the GBM instrument. 5) Most accurate measurement of the cosmic ray electron spectrum ...

A study of the gas-to-dust ratio suggests that interstellar reddening may provide an accurate way of

Jan 17, 2002 ... The need for rapid and accurate gamma-ray burst locations has long been recognized as the fundamental key to solving the gamma-ray burst ...

Twenty years of intensive effort have passed with no concrete identification of a ... BLAST and BASIS by accurate positioning of the incident flux. ...

4) Detection of approximately 250 gamma-ray bursts per year with the GBM instrument. 5) Most accurate measurement of the cosmic ray electron spectrum ...

Low-level gamma-ray spectrometry generally equates to high-sensitivity gamma-ray spectrometry that can be attained by background reduction, selective signal identification, or some combination of both. Various methods for selectively identifying gamma-ray events and for reducing the background ...

To satisfy the needs of the Light Water Reactor Pressure Vessel Surveillance Dosimetry Improvement Program, differential and integral measurements have been in a light water reactor (LWR) pressure vessel simulator (PVS) at the poolside critical assembly (PAC) in Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Within this framework, continuous gamma-ray spectrometry ...

The application of the technique of in situ gamma-ray spectrometry to the measurement of uranium isotopes in surface soils is described. A basic review of the in situ methodology using high resolution germanium gamma-ray spectrometers is given and specifics on calculated fluences, dose rates in air, and calibration factors are provided ...

In addition to fast neutrons, the copious energetic gamma rays, present in a reactor environment, induce displacement damage in the reactor pressure vessel. The contribution of gamma ray damage to embrittlement is most pronounced in reactors with large water gaps separating the core from the reactor pressure ...

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) is a valuable and proven method for the quantitative analysis of sectioned human head hair specimens for arsenic - and, if arsenic is found to be present at high concentrations, the approximate times when it was ingested. Reactor-flux thermal-neutron activation of the hair samples produces 26.3-h {sup 76}As, which is then detected by germanium ...

The direct non-destructive proton-induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) technique with a germanium detector was applied to the determination of total fluorine concentration in five coal reference materials (BCR 40, NIST 1632b, NIST 1635, SARM 20 and USGS CLB-1). Duplicate analyses were made from five randomly selected bottles of each coal. Individual data are presented and some ...

In-situ, high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry (ISGRS) measurements were conducted at the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) field laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The purpose of these tests was to provide analytical data for assessing how �fit for use� this technology is for detecting discrete particles in soil.

Non-destructive gamma-ray spectrometry was carried out on the spent fuel assemblies of the whole core of JPDR-I which was a BWR. These data were analyzed by considering power distribution, spatial variation of neutron spectrum, and history of reactor oper...

The analytical procedure for determination of 21 elements in two ultrabasis rock samples with Ge(Li) gamma-ray spectrometry and group separation was described. 8 elements including Cr, Fe, Co, Sc, Mn, Na, Cl and Br have been directly determined by INAA. 1...

A technique was developed for rapid measurement of the equivalent thorium to equivalent uranium ratio of thorium-rich material. High resolution gamma-ray spectrometry was used to measure the (208)Tl to (214)Bi activity ratio from the relative intensities ...

High-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry (HRGS) measurement techniques have been developed to confirm HEU in the presence of plutonium in US nuclear weapons and have now been tested with all types of weapons in the enduring stockpile. A combination of high-...

In this study, the spectral interferences are investigated for the analytical peaks at 63.3 keV of (234)Th and 1001.0 keV of (234m)Pa, which are often used in the measurement of (238)U activity by the gamma-ray spectrometry. The correction methods are suggested to estimate the net peak areas of the gamma-rays overlapping the analytical peaks, due to the contribution of (232)Th ...