This paper focuses on the process giving rise to Nitrogen introduction into SiC p-type epitaxial layers. Standard ion implantation and PULSION� processes are performed at two distinct energies (700 eV and 7 keV), followed by an annealing at 1600 �C in a furnace specifically adapted to SiC material, aiming at creating thin n+p junctions. The doping profiles issued from the implantations show an ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
... material is fired through a hot plasma at high ... the plasma allows accurate determination of the magnetic ... In hotter plasmas the probe can be encased ...
DTIC Science & Technology
During the past decade, the plasma frequency probe (PFP) has evolved into an accurate, proven method
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The main science objective of the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) mission is to produce an accurate
... KNOWING THE PROBE ANGLE, A PARAMETER DIFFICULT TO MEASURE ACCURATELY AND ... FROM DIFFERENT ANGLES, THUS REDUCING ...
The report is a study of a method for measuring Langmuir probe characteristics accurately enough to either verify or exclude the hypothesis of non-Maxwellian velocity distributions. Section 2 gives general considerations for the use of Langmuir probes. Se...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Jan 22, 2011 ... Abstract: Probe pattern compensation is essential in near-field scanning geometry, where there is a greatneed to accurately know far-field ...
NASA Website
A procedure for designing four different NMR probe circuits is described. Equations are derived which allow accurate estimates for tuning components. Graphs of theoretical frequency responses are presented. An accurate method for measuring effective quali...
Several pressure probes of types used in fire endurance furnaces were tested at room temperature and compared in a furnace. It is suggested that total pressure be measured instead of static pressure and that the most accurate probe is a small flush hole i...
An electrical conductivity probe was developed which provides a means of accurately measuring local void fractions in two-phase flow. The proposed theory which relates the probe current to the local void fraction is verified experimentally by an independe...
A probe developed for accurate placing of radioactive solution in clay loam soil is described. Steps in the use of the probe are outlined. Using this probe, a radioactive phosphate solution was applied to 35 different soil depths from lO to 70 cm in one hour. (M.C.G.)
Energy Citations Database
A procedure used by the US National Bureau of Standards (NBS) for accurately determining the plane-wave receiving parameters of both single- and dual-port linearly polarized probes is described. Examples are presented, and the effect of these probe receiving characteristics in the calculation of the parameters for the antenna under ...
Magnetic probes were employed on the first plasma armature railgun experiments, and they have been used continuously since then for position determination and qualitative determination of the armature current. In the last few years, improvements in experimental technique and analysis have permitted more accurate measurements of the plasma-armature current ...
To more accurately measure fluorescent signals from microarrays, we calibrated our acquisition and analysis systems by using groundtruth samples comprised of known quantities of red and green gene-specific DNA probes hybridized to cDNA targets. We imaged ...
Probe pattern compensation is essential in near-field scanning geometry, where there is a great need to accurately know far-field patterns at wide angular range. This paper focuses on a novel formulation and computer simulation to determine the precise ne...
Probe pattern compensation is essential in near-field scanning geometry, where there is a great need to accurately know far-field pattern at wide angular ...
The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe and the Optical Array Probe are analyzed in terms of their ability to make accurate determinations of water droplet size distributions. Sources of counting and sizing errors are explained. The paper describes ways...
Accurate measurements of dc electric fields in a low-density plasma can be made with a probe by giving the plasma a small displacement at 10 Hz and using a lock-in amplifier to detect the 10 Hz component of the probe floating potential. 5 refs., 6 figs.
This paper describes a simple and accurate electronic device for analyzing Langmuir probe data in a diffusion type plasma. The classical laborious and boresome graphical reduction of the data to obtain electron temperature is substituted by a simple compa...
Using current, improved commercial equipment, the authors reexamined the calibration procedure of the dual-probe gamma soil densitometer, using exact density standards. When each instrument is individually calibrated, the procedure, as originally designed, gives consistent and accurate results.
The four-probe method not only gives a more accurate phase value but it gives a reaundant measurement of the reflec- tion magnitude. ...
... Leaks of information resulted in reporting that was �all over the place in terms of facts that were not accurate,� Lapan ... �It is an unfortunate fact of the ...
DefenseLINK Web Site
out using the Ansoft HFSS package, which allows the waveguide block and probe structure to be accurately simulated and optimized. Although these simulations ...
... and tissue necrosis require accurate estimates of inward heat flux at the bark surface. Thermocouple probes or heat flux sensors placed at a stem surface do not ... ...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
1 TCP Probe: A TCP with built-in Path Capacity Estimation1 Anders Persson, Cesar A. C. Marcondes2 "active" in nature (ie, they utilize extra probing packets) and thus tend to be intrusive. In this paper, we propose TCP Probe, a "passive" capacity estimation extension to TCP, to accurately estimate
E-print Network
of such microarrays reduces the experiment accu� racy. Accuracy is very important as a probe set once found is used four days to design a length�24 probe set for Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, which is about 9:5#2;10 6 at a temperature that is out of the experi� ment temperature range while the sensitivity filter elimi� nates ...
To provide for accurate determination of azimuth in a borehole survey apparatus, a downhole probe is disclosed provided with two or more sections connected by torsionally rigid, flexible joint assemblies with provisions for generating signals that represent the relative inclination and azimuth of one probe section from another. These ...
of percentage of G/C content. � Probes should not contain self complementary re- gions that are longer than four chip experiment results, which means it is independent from the current probe selection (see 4.14). If probes this way. A mi- croarray hybridization experiment that results in a reaction of both, positive
The present invention relates to a probe for determining the orientation of electron beams being profiled. To accurately time the location of an electron beam, the probe is designed to accept electrons from only a narrowly defined area. The signal produced from the probe is then used as a timing or triggering ...
DOE Information Bridge
In the edge region of the CASTOR tokamak the radial particle flux, induced by fluctuations of the poloidal electric field and of the density, and the electron temperature have been measured. In contrast to the standard procedure using cold probes, here emissive probes have been used to determine the fluctuations of the plasma potential and of the poloidal ...
Four conductive needle probe designs were compared in order to determine which probe was most effective at measuring local gas fraction holdup and bubble velocity. Test conditions were identical for all probes with global gas fraction holdup {epsilon}{sub g}=0.018{+-}0.002 L{sub gas}/L{sub total} and mean bubble velocities at ...
High-density oligonucleotide microarrays enable simultaneous monitoring of expression levels of tens of thousands of transcripts. For accurate detection and quantitation of transcripts in the presence of cellular mRNA, it is essential to design microarrays whose oligonucleotide probes produce hybridization intensities that accurately ...
PubMed Central
A glass-sealed Langmuir probe was developed to get accurate information on the ionospheric plasma. An electrode sealed in a glass tube is first baked in low pressure and tipped off the pumping system to keep the electrode surface clean. An essential advantage of the glass-sealed Langmuir probe is that it will not require the ...
Phase probes have been placed in several external beam lines at the SuperHILAC to provide velocity measurements independent of the type of particle being accelerated. The system uses three probes in each line to obtain accurate velocity measurements at all beam energies. Automatic gain control and signal analysis are performed so that ...
The application of a pulse shaped biasing method implemented to a capacitive probe is described. This approach delivers an accurate and simple way to determine ion fluxes in diverse plasma mixtures. To prove the reliability of the method, the ion probe was used in a different configuration, namely, a planar Langmuir ...
PubMed
A two input differential precision voltage probe was designed and built to accurately measure (to 10 bits) high impedance analog signals in a FASTBUS environment, where only noisy ground reference is available. The output settles to 0.1% in less than 300 ns and drives 50..cap omega.. to +-2V. It is an ideal probe to match the ...
A penetrometer was developed for use in empirically determining the load-bearing characteristics of a surface inclined with respect to a horizontal plane. The device is characterized by a penetrometer mount rotatably supporting a vertically driven probe. The probe is supported for simultaneous displacement in both vertical and lateral directions. The ...
A liquid level gage is designed which is capable of accurately measuring level changes over an extensive range of levels. The gage comprises an electrical probe suspended over the liquid on a wire or cable from a winding drum driven by a reversible motor, a circuit completed through the liquid by the probe, and a relay in the ...
An electrodeless conductivity probe has been designed and tested at temperatures up to 250 /sup 0/C and pressures of 4.13 MPa (600 psi). A unique pressure seal permits temperature cycling. Design of the electronics permits accurate measurement of conductivities at various elevated temperatures in spite of the change of magnetic properties of the toroids ...
In this paper, we accurately and carefully characterize a ferrite-core probe that is widely used for aircraft inspections. The characterization starts with the development of a model that can be executed using the proprietary volume-integral code, VIC-3D�, and then the model is fitted to measured multifrequency impedance data taken with the ...
Approximate formulas are constructed and numerical simulations are carried out for electric field derivative probes that have the form of flush mounted monopoles. Effects such as rounded edges are included. A method is introduced to make results from two-dimensional conformal mapping analyses accurately apply to the three-dimensional axisymmetric ...
- cussion makes use of the well-known queuing theory result that the probability of queuing of a packet and delay measurements of probing packet pairs. CapProbe is based on a simple and fundamental observation suffered cross-traffic induced queuing at some link (similar queuing observations have also been made
The ability of neutron probes to provide accurate and reproducible soil moisture measurements is discussed. It is stressed that sensitivity of the probe in terms of soil moisture measurements is of greater interest than efficiency in terms of absolute counts or counting rate per millicurie. The importance of calibration curve ...
The use of Langmuir probes for plasma measurements usually entails laborious graphical reduction of data to obtain the electron temperature, and errors are often introduced by drift in the plasma characteristics while the measurements are being taken. A simple and accurate electronic device is described for reducing the probe ...
In this paper, we accurately and carefully characterize a ferrite-core probe that is widely used for aircraft inspections. The characterization starts with the development of a model that can be executed using the proprietary volume-integral code, VIC-3D(c), and then the model is fitted to measured multifrequency impedance data taken with the ...
An equivalent circuit method is developed for modeling a coplanar waveguide (CPW) with the optical probe structure in electrooptical sampling sytems, which takes into account the geometry and the material properties of the system. In this approach, the influence of the optical probe to S parameters of the CPW test structure is modeled by an equivalent ...
The use of isotropic light dosimetry probes is being increasingly advocated to monitor the light dose during photodynamic therapy. In this paper Monte Carlo simulations were used to study the potential error resulting from the disturbance of the local fluence due to presence of the probe. External irradiation of a plane slab of tissue was modelled for two ...
Buccal smears from 3 women and 1 man were probed with alpha satellite DNA probes for chromosomes 8, 18, X, and Y. Buccal smears were also collected from an adolescent phenotypic female with uterine agenesis, as well as from newborn infants with suspected trisomy 18 and trisomy 21. The clinical cases were confirmed with conventional cytogenetic studies of ...
Electrostatic probes or Langmuir probes are the most common diagnostic tools in plasma discharges. The second derivative of the Langmuir probe I-V characteristic is proportional to the electron energy distribution function. Determining the second derivative accurately requires some method of noise suppression. We ...
Nonconstricting differential pressure flow probes which help solve the problems of clogging, wear, and pressure loss at the Seawater Filtration Facility in Saudi Arabia are described. Treated seawater is pumped into oil-bearing formations for secondary recovery. Figures showing principle of operation for probes, installation schematic and long-term ...
Investigations are performed in a microwave plasma expansion containing argon-nitrogen gas mixture. The purpose of this work is to measure accurate electron density values by means of a floating double probe. We check the accuracy of the different methods developed for the double probe under different experimental conditions in ...
Four geometrically distinct, stainless steel probes are used to study the concentrations of CO, HC,, NO, and NOX at several different radial and two different axial positions within a simplified gas turbine combustor. The probes are all water cooled but do not employ an aerodynamic quench. They are designed to assess the effect of tip shape, tip to body ...
The ability to immobilize DNA probes onto gold substrates at an optimum surface density is key in the development of a wide range of DNA biosensors. We present a method to accurately control probe DNA surface density by the simultaneous co-immobilization of thiol modified probes and mercaptohexanol. ...
It is possible to determine the mean molecular mass of a planetary atmosphere using pressure and temperature measurements made by an entry probe descending at terminal velocity. The descent trajectory of an entry probe can be determined from pressure, temperature, and mean molecular mass data. This technique offers redundancy for large entry ...
Monitoring of cerebral venous oxygenation is critically important for management of patients with traumatic brain injury and cardiac surgery patients. At present, there is no technique for noninvasive, accurate monitoring of this important physiologic parameter. We built a compact optoacoustic system for noninvasive, accurate cerebral venous oxygenation ...
Data collected in atom probe tomography have to be carefully analysed in order to give reliable composition data accurately and precisely positioned in the probed volume. Indeed, the large analysed surfaces of recent instruments require reconstruction methods taking into account not only the tip geometry but also ...
The absolute force sensitivities of colloidal probes comprised of atomic force microscope, or AFM, cantilevers with microspheres attached to their distal ends are measured. The force sensitivities are calibrated through reference to accurate electrostatic forces, the realizations of which are described in detail. Furthermore, the absolute accuracy of a ...
MOTIVATION: Microarrays are a fast and cost-effective method of performing thousands of DNA hybridization experiments simultaneously. DNA probes are typically used to measure the expression level of specific genes. Because probes greatly vary in the quality of their hybridizations, choosing good probes is a difficult task. If one could ...
The impedance probe is a powerful tool to measure the electron density. The frequency variations of the probe impedance give upper hybrid resonance (UHR) frequency. We can accurately determine the electron density from the UHR frequency. In addition to the UHR frequency, the probe impedance in ionospheric plasmas ...
global mass balance for the Bulk Silicate Earth, the predicted flux contribution from distant sourcesphysics/0508019 ################# Geo�neutrinos: a new probe of Earth's interior Gianni Fiorentini accurate to within �5%. It will provide a crucial test of the Bulk Silicate Earth and a direct estimate
The WHISPER (Waves of High frequency and Sounder for Probing Electron density by Relaxation) experiment, whose primary objective is the accurate measurement of the total plasma density within the range from 0.2 to 80 cu cm, is presented. The WHISPER exper...
Accurate tomographic reconstructions of sound wave speed and attenuation are more difficult to obtain than are the corresponding reconstructions for x-rays or high frequency electromagnetic probes. The source of the difficulty is the common occurrence of ...
- plished with accurate staging prior to therapy. UNC provides Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS), an important patient therapy. Advanced MR processes provide a truly comprehensive guideline on disease processes. An ultrasound probe at the tip of an endo- scope enables greater image visualization, allowing evaluation
air � suitable for wide range of breathing rates � relatively quick procedure � short duration breathing. Utilise the benefits of steady state probe topography to generate temporal and spatial) � controlled delivery of odours � accurate timing of `stimulus' � differences between air & odour stimuli
Accurate quantitative data for selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present on urban dust can be obtained by using a simple procedure consisting of: sonic probe extraction with cyclohexane; clean-up with Florisil-XAD-2, and measurement with high reso...
The invention is an ultrasonic testing device for rapid and complete examination of the test specimen, and is particularly well suited for evaluation of tubular test geometries. A variety of defect categories may be detected and analyzed at one time and their positions accurately located in a single pass down the test specimen.
The invention is an ultrasonic testing device for rapid and complete examination of the test specimen, and is particularly well suited for evaluation of tubular test geometries. A variety of defect categories may be detected and anlayzed at one time and their positions accurately located in a single pass down the test specimen.
This project has been focused on the development of accurate computational tools to study fluids in confined, nanoscale geometries, and the application of these techniques to probe the structural and electronic properties of water confined between hydroph...
The accurate measure of material thickness is important for many non-destructive evaluation applications. Factors such as corrosion damage can jeopardize structural integrity through material thinning and process control considerations often mandate stric...
Any analysis of RNA expression, either by dot blots or by Northern blots, requires that equal amounts of RNA from each sample be bound to filters. Probably the most common way of measuring RNA is by absorbance at 260 nm. For this method to be accurate, th...
Studies were done to find an accurate method for measuring weight of humans, animals, and objects in weightlessness. Present methods used to determine weight cannot be applied in weightlessness. An initial probe to determine the feasibility of measuring v...
Invited Paper Comparison of surface roughness measured with an optical profiler and a scanning probe microscope Jay Jahanmir and James C. Wyant WYKO Corporation Tucson, Arizona 85706 ABSTRACT microscope (SPM). Optical profilers offer fast and accurate measurements of surface topography
Thermal treatment has become an alternative modality for cancer treatment. Low temperature freezing and high temperature heating kill tumor cells effectively through direct and indirect injuries by biochemical and physical stresses. Hyperthermia at a mildly elevated temperature has also been reported to induce biochemical alternations to kill tumor cells and to stimulate immunological response to ...
A new surface analytic technique is proposed, called Critical Reflection Activation Analysis (CRAA). The technique allows accurate depth profiling of impurities less than or equal to 100 A beneath a surface. The depth profile of the impurity is simply rel...
for a random 3% of users. Flows are distinguished by the standard (ipsrc, ipdst, sport, dport) tuple] R. Kapoor, L.-J. Chen, L. Lao, M. Gerla, and M. Y. Sanadidi. CapProbe: A simple and accurate
The periodic size effect in pure single crystal gallium plates is applied to high field calibration and particularly to accurate differential measurements of high magnetic fields. A simple rf probe is described which is used to measure the characteristics...
As was reported in our previous work, accurate, nondisturbing near-anode measurements of the plasma density, electron temperature, and plasma potential performed with biased and emissive probes allowed the first experimental identification of both electro...
, and Aircraft based Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe Aerosol Optical Depth data over Mali, West Africa) sunphotometer's values located in Mali, West Africa. AERONET data have been determined to be accurate, 0 West Africa #12;
... columns were 5-8 mm long and masses ranged from 0.58 g to only 0.08 g. Accurate, reproducible detonation velocity measurements have been ...
A temperature measuring apparatus for atmospheric turbulence studies is designed and examined. Ten sets of thermocouples are connected in series and an anti-electro noise amplifier is used to measure accurately the input signals from the probe installed o...
In this work, we show, for the first time to our knowledge, that multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) can deliver high resolution images of activatable molecular probe's distribution, sensitive to matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), deep within optically scattering human carotid specimen. It is further demonstrated that this method can be used in order to provide ...
A widely used scanner device that rotates a single helically shaped wire probe in and out of a particle beam at different beamline positions to give a pair of mutually perpendicular beam profiles is modified by the addition of a second wire probe. As a result, a pair of mutually perpendicular beam profiles is obtained at a first beamline position, and a ...
DOEpatents
BackgroundMicroarrays depend on appropriate probe design to deliver the promise of accurate genome-wide measurement. Probe design, ideally, produces a unique probe-target match with homogeneous duplex stability over the complete set of probes. Much of microarray pre-processing is concerned with ...
Pulsed magnetron discharges are very popular in plasma manufacturing of oxide films, as they provide better quality of the film property deposited on a substrate. Therefore, accurately determining the plasma properties will help to a better understanding of the sputter-deposition process. In this work, we have investigated the time-resolved plasma properties of a mid-frequency ...
We report the effect of surface coverage and sequence on the performance of 5? thiolated, 3? fluorophore-labeled DNA hairpin probes bound to Au/Ag striped (�barcoded�) metal nanowires. Coverage was controlled by varying probe concentration, buffer ionic strength, and by addition of short hydroxy-terminated alkanethiol diluent molecules during ...
A method has been developed for rapid, sensitive, and accurate tryptic mapping of polypeptides using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass analysis. The technique utilizes mass spectrometer probe tips which have been activated through the covalent immobilization of trypsin. The enzymatically active probe tips ...
The characteristics of photonic probes that give them the potential to measure pulsed electromagnetic fields more accurately than previously possible are discussed. An overview of system design is presented with particular emphasis on the transfer functions of appropriate antennas and electrooptic modulators. Noise sources which limit the sensitivity to ...
This study is intended to give necessary data for consideration of blasting conditions in a borehole. This resistance probe method for the measurement of detonation velocity in a borehole is improved (and henceforth will be called improved resistance probe method) and used to measure detonation velocity in a borehole for different explosives. Detonation ...
We report the development and application of a simple theoretical model for extracting temperatures from picosecond-laser-based coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra of H2 obtained using time-delayed probe pulses. This approach addresses the challenges associated with the effects of rotational-level-dependent decay lifetimes on time-delayed ...
An evaluation of an expendable surface current probe (ESCP) was conducted by the Coast Guard Research and Development Center using operational units in the First, Seventh, and Thirteenth Districts. A total of 86 probes were tested under simulated search and rescue (SAR) conditions using Coast Guard surface vessels ranging from 40 to 210 feet in length, and ...
The development, calibration, and laboratory and field testing of an instrument for in-place determination of sedi ment density are described. The device, encased in a submersible probe and utilizing 3 millicuries of Ra as a source of radioactivity and 3 halogen-filled Geiger-Mueller counters to detect reflected gamma rays. transmits a preamplified signal through a ...
Evolution of periodontal disease is one of the most important data for the clinicians in order to achieve correct planning and treatment. Clinical measure of the periodontal sulcus depth is the most important datum to know the exact state of periodontal disease. These measures must be done periodically study bone resorption evolution around teeth. Time factor of resorption indicates aggressiveness ...
in the monoclinic, monazite structure (LaPO -GdPO ) phosphates, and is absent, or nearly so, in the tetragonal is imperative if accurate determination of REE concentrations in LREE- rich phases is necessary (e.g. monazite The LnPO standards that exhibit a monazite structure (La-Gd) contain between 0 (i.e. below detection
Timely response to the threat of the wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici; Pgt) race TTKSK and its variants (the 'Ug99' lineage) requires the availability of sensitive, fast and easily implemented diagnostic assays to accurately monitor movement of the pathogen by pathologists, breeders ...
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Turgor measured with a miniature pressure probe was compared to that measured with an isopiestic thermocouple psychrometer in mature regions of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) stems. The probe measured turgor directly in cells of intact stems whereas the psychrometer measured the water potential and osmotic potential of excised stem segments and turgor ...
The enthalpy or calorimetric probe is a water-cooled stagnation/sampling probe for studying the temperature, velocity, and composition of hot-gas flow fields. In order to derive the thermodynamic properties of complex flow fields such as plasma arc jets or high-velocity oxygen fuel jets, the specie concentration must be known ...
A regenerable activated bauxite adsorber alkali monitor probe for field applications to provide reliable measurement of alkali-vapor concentration in combustion gas with special emphasis on pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) off-gas. More particularly, the invention relates to the development of a easily regenerable bauxite adsorbent for use in a method to ...
This invention relates to a regenerable activated bauxite adsorber alkali monitor probe for field applications to provide reliable measurement of alkali-vapor 5 concentration in combustion gas with special emphasis on pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) off-gas. More particularly, the invention relates to the development of a easily regenerable bauxite adsorbent for ...
The radial sensitivity of hadronic probes is studied by applying a local perturbation to the neutron density in optical model calculations of elastic scattering of 104 MeV alpha particles, 1 GeV protons and 130 MeV pions by exp 48 Ca. All calculations ref...
We theoretically propose an experimental method to probe electronic excitations in graphene�a monoatomic layer of carbon�by monitoring the fluorescence quenching of a semiconductor quantum dot (or a dye molecule) due to the resonance energy transfer to the graphene sheet. We show how the dispersion relation of plasmons in graphene can be accurately ...
We demonstrate an optical system that can apply and accurately measure the torque exerted by the trapping beam on a rotating birefringent probe particle. This allows the viscosity and surface effects within liquid media to be measured quantitatively on a micron-size scale using a trapped rotating spherical probe particle. We use the ...
Accurate electron probe values for Mg, Al, and Si in silicate minerals may be obtained with pure-element standards. Analysis must be done at low (6 kV) accelerating potential and for best results, the average atomic number of the sample should be within a...
Automation of grain sampling should help to increase the adoption of stored-grain integrated pest management. A new commercial electronic grain probe trap (OPI Insector) has recently been marketed. To make accurate insect management decisions, managers need to know both the insect species and number...
Automation of grain sampling should help to increase the adoption of stored-grain integrated pest management. A new commercial electronic grain probe trap (OPI Insector¿) has recently been marketed. To make accurate insect management decisions, managers need to know both the insect species and numbe...
Latent heat fluxes from cropped fields consist of soil water evaporation and plant transpiration. It is difficult to accurately separate evapotranspiration into evaporation and transpiration. Heat pulse probes have been used to measure bare field subsurface soil water evaporation, however, the appl...
A diagnostic setup for characterization of near-anode processes in Hall-current plasma thrusters consisting of biased and emissive electrostatic probes, high-precision positioning system and low-noise electronic circuitry was developed and tested. Experimental results show that radial probe insertion does not cause perturbations to the discharge and ...
To provide rapid and accurate detection of DNA markers in a straightforward, inexpensive and multiplex format, an alternative surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based probe was designed and fabricated to covalently attach both DNA probing sequence and non-fluorescent Raman tags to the surface of gold nanoparticles (DNA-AuP-RTag). ...
A system for fast-response probe measurements in turbomachine flows has been developed and tested. The system has been designed for 40 kHz bandwidth and used with various in-house built probes accommodating up to four piezoresistive pressure transducers. The present generation of probes works accurately up to ...
A dual-axis micromechanical probe that combines a double cantilever and torsion beams is presented. This probe can reduce the mechanical cross-talk between the lateral and vertical force detections. In addition, dual-axis forces can be detected by measuring the dual-axis displacement of the probe end using the optical lever-based ...
A direct, simple, and versatile assembly method for the manipulation of one-dimensional nanostructures and their integration with microscale devices has been demonstrated. Using a probe station with an unbiased tungsten probe, the facile process has been employed to accurately pick, break, and place individual titanium dioxide ...
This paper presents a sensitivity analysis to determine the impact of particle size, and thus scattering, on the interpretation of the measurements from fiber optic soot probes of two different designs. The single-pass fiber optic probe is found to accurately estimate the monochromatic absorption coefficient in flames with soot size ...
A data collection and data interpretation method is presented for predicting, from measurements made on the periphery of the core sample, the electrical conductivity distribution within core samples. This method uses an array of electrodes on the periphery to probe through the core sample. Surprisingly accurate detail can be seen in the estimated ...
We report on dynamical observations of femtosecond-laser-generated bubbles in water using a single-laser-source pump/probe setup combined with stroboscopic imaging. With this simple setup, we accurately measure the transmission of a probe beam and simultaneously record images giving the size and lifetime of single-pulse-generated ...
The system described was developed specifically for location of underground cavities; however, the description of other features such as regions of broken rock or gouge-filled cracks is also possible. These features are characterized by their effect on the propagation of short EM pulses, in particular the change in velocity and attenuation encountered along the path of propagation. The system used ...
A computer controlled fluorometer device and method of operating same, said device being made to include a pump flash source and a probe flash source and one or more sample chambers in combination with a light condenser lens system and associated filters and reflectors and collimators, as well as signal conditioning and monitoring means and a programmable computer means and a ...
An RF sensor having a novel current sensing probe and a voltage sensing probe to measure voltage and current. The current sensor is disposed in a transmission line to link all of the flux generated by the flowing current in order to obtain an accurate measurement. The voltage sensor is a flat plate which operates as a capacitive plate ...
A system for measuring the hardness of cartridge cases employs an eddy current probe for inducing and sensing eddy currents in each cartridge case. A first component of the sensed signal is utilized in a closed loop system for accurately positioning the probe relative to the cartridge case both in the lift off direction and in the ...
The hairpin probe using microwave resonance in plasma is applicable to high pressure 1.33 � 103-1.01 � 105 Pa)) as developed recently. In this work, an analytic model of the hairpin resonator probe surrounded by a thin dielectric layer and a sheath layer is proposed. The correction factor due to these surroundings is analytically found and confirmed by ...
This paper presents an improved method of calibrating hot-film X-probes in incompressible flow. The yaw response of a hot-film X-probe was investigated for different velocities and found to be strongly velocity dependent at low velocities. A simple relation was developed to correct for the variation of yaw response at low velocities. The method using the ...
Theories describing the current collected by a biased probe under various conditions are necessary for such observation to be used to accurately determine plasma properties. Langmuir probes are routinely used on spacecraft to measure plasma parameters such as density, temperature, and vehicle charging. The collected current is a ...
A microcomputer based instrument to measure effective thermal conductivity and diffusivity at the surface of a tissue has been developed. Self-heated spherical thermistors, partially embedded in an insulator, are used to simultaneously heat tissue and measure the resulting temperature rise. The temperature increase of the thermistor for a given applied power is a function of the combined thermal ...
The development of instruments that allow real-time monitoring of fluorescence within PCR reaction vessels is a significant advance in clinical bacteriology. The technology is very flexible, and many alternative instruments and fluorescent probe systems are currently available. Real-time PCR assays can be completed very rapidly, because no manipulations are required after ...
A typical embodiment of the invention combines a novel cellular end fitting for a nuclear reactor fuel assembly with a new design for a fuel rod end cap and a radiation sensing device probe to provide a means for swiftly and accurately distinguishing sound fuel rods from those rods that have developed leaks. For example, a somewhat thinner than usual fuel ...
Highly accurate gene mapping techniques need to be developed to clone disease genes with unknown defective products. The classical pedigree method and methods based on cytologically observable chromosome aberrations share definite limits in resolution. We quantify the limits in resolution for the pedigree method. We also discuss a technique for gene localization that exploits ...
Nano-scale linewidth measurements are performed in semiconductor manufacturing, the data storage industry, and micro-mechanical engineering. It is well known that the interaction of probe and sample affects the measurement accuracy of linewidth measurements performed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The emergent ultra-sharp carbon nanotube tips provide a new approach to ...
Here, we describe a multi-parametric study of DNA hybridization to probes with 20-70% G + C content. Probes were designed towards 71 different sites/mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. Seven probe lengths, three spacer lengths and six stringencies were systematically varied. The three spacer lengths were obtained by ...
Here, we describe a multi-parametric study of DNA hybridization to probes with 20�70% G + C content. Probes were designed towards 71 different sites/mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. Seven probe lengths, three spacer lengths and six stringencies were systematically varied. The three spacer lengths were obtained by ...
Penetrating microscale microelectrodes made from flexible polymers tend to bend or deflect and may fail to reach their target location. The development of flexible neural probes requires methods for reliable and controlled insertion into the brain. Previous approaches for implanting flexible probes into the cortex required modifications that negate the ...
Phase probes have been placed in several external beam lines at the LBL heavy ion linear accelerator (SuperHILAC) to provide non- destructive velocity measurements independent of the ion being accelerated. The system uses three probes in each line to obtain accurate velocity measurements at all beam energies. Automatic gain control and ...
Characteristics of a low-sidelobe phased array antenna are investigated using the technique of planar near-field scanning. The theory associated with the planar near-field scanning technique, with and without probe compensation, is reviewed and an application of the theory is made. The design of an experimental low-sidelobe phased array antenna consisting of monopole elements ...
An iron filled carbon nanotube (FeCNT), a 10-40nm ferromagnetic nanowire enclosed in a protective carbon tube, is an attractive candidate for a magnetic force microscopy (MFM) probe as it provides a mechanically and chemically robust, nanoscale probe. We demonstrate the probe's capabilities with images of the magnetic field gradients ...
Commercial multi-parameter probes provide accurate, high-resolution temporal data collection of a variety of water quality parameters, but their cost (>5,000) prohibits more than a few sampling locations. We present a design and prototype for a low cost (<250) probe. The cost of the probe is ~5% of ...
In this paper, we determine the minimum hybridization probe length to uniquely identify at least 95% of the open reading frame (ORF) in an organism. We analyze the whole genome sequences of 17 species, 11 bacteria, 4 archaea, and 2 eukaryotes. We also present a mathematical model for minimum probe length based on assuming that all ORFs are random, of ...
On the TdeV tokamak a microwave probe diagnostic enables direct measurement of the electromagnetic fields in ten reduced waveguides of the lower hybrid current drive multijunction antenna. In each instrumented reduced waveguide, the local field is measured at two different locations by probes through coupling holes located in the narrow wall of the ...
A probe of the pressure-balance type has been developed and used as part of an automatic isokinetic dust sampler. The aerodynamic characteristic of the probe was studied in order to determine the gas velocity when using this probe at its location in the duct. Such an anemometric function of the probe, together with ...
An intraoperative beta probe was designed, built, and tested for detection of radio-labeled malignant tissues that has the advantage of being selectively sensitive to beta while insensitive to gamma radiation. Since beta radiation (electrons or positrons) has a short range in tissue, this probe is ideal for detecting tracers in tumors at the surface of the ...
The goal of the present study was to evaluate the temporal response of particulate-based EPR oximetry probes to changes in partial pressure of oxygen (pO2). In order to accurately evaluate the oxygen-response time, we developed a method for rapid modulation of pO2 in a chamber containing the ...
The main goal of this work was to develop a Langmuir probe instrument for sounding rockets capable of performing high-speed absolute electron density measurements, and thereby be able to detect sub-meter ionospheric plasma density structures. The system comprises four cylindrical probes with a diameter of 0.51 mm and a length of 25 mm, each operated at a ...
The use of probe vehicles to provide estimates of link travel times has been suggested as a means of obtaining travel times within signalized networks for use in advanced travel information systems. Past research in the literature has proved contradictory conclusions regarding the expected accuracy of these probe-based estimates, and consequently has ...
An experimental hole-to-hole seismic probe system has been developed for use in coal measure geology as a means of determining the structural conditions of coal seams. The source probe produces a 500-joule electric arc discharge whose seismic wavelet has a spectrum in the 200 to 2,000 Hz frequency range. Low compliance hydrophones contained in the source ...
In scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) techniques, the thermal exchange radius between tip and sample is a crucial parameter. Indeed, it limits the lateral spatial resolution but, in addition, an accurate value of this parameter is necessary for a precise identification of thermal properties. But until now, the thermal exchange radius is usually estimated but not measured. This ...
The application of a Herriott-type optical multiple pass cell for absorption detection of transient species in temperature controlled laser pump-probe kinetics experiments is described. Using reaction initiation by laser photolysis in combination with reaction monitoring by absorption of a multiple pass laser allows confinement of the probed reaction ...
Electron energy loss spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM-EELS) probes electronic excitations with high spatial and energy resolution. Interpretation of the spectra requires accurate treatment of both the diffraction of the electron probe and the electronic excitation of the sample. We present a theory of ...
Phase-Doppler interferometry in which a probe volume that is much smaller than the droplets being measured has been shown to work well when coupled with a phase-ratio and intensity-validation scheme that is capable of eliminating trajectory-dependent scattering errors. With ray-tracing and geometric-optics models, the type and magnitude of trajectory errors were demonstrated ...
A self-verifying temperature sensor that employs advanced contact thermocouple probe technology was tested in a laboratory-scale, joule-heated, refractory-lined glass melter used for radioactive waste vitrification. The novel temperature probe monitors melt temperature at any given level of the melt chamber. The data acquisition system provides the ...
A Hall probe diagnostic was developed for use with plasma thrusters. The Hall generators were mounted at the end of a stainless steel tube heat exchanger. Ceramic cement and a Pyrex tube were used as radiation and particle flux shields, respectively. A thermocouple was used to monitor the temperature of the Hall generator. The low voltage output from the ...
A microwave resonator probe is a resonant structure from which the relative permittivity of the surrounding medium can be determined. Two types of microwave resonator probes (referred to here as hairpin probes) have been designed and built to determine the electron density in a low-pressure gas discharge. One type, a transmission ...
After doubling and updating its Freeport, TX, wastewater treatment facility to meet production expansion, BASF Corp. began losing one pH probe every 24 to 36 hours, even with daily cleaning. Few probes failed in the aerobic section or the end of the process, but the output values of redundant probes in the neutralization and anoxic ...
INTRODUCTION: Most pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract now occurs close to the gastro-oesophageal squamo-columnar junction (SCJ). Studying the pathophysiology of this region even using high resolution pH, impedance and manometry is unreliable due to constant movement with respiration, swallowing and transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations. AIMS AND METHODS: A technique is ...
AbstractPurposeA prototype ultrasound-based probe for use in ureteroscopy was used for in vitro measurements of stone fragments in a porcine kidney.MethodsFifteen human stones consisting of three different compositions were placed deep in the collecting system of a porcine kidney. A 2?MHz, 1.2?mm (3.6F) needle hydrophone was used to send and receive ultrasound pulses for stone ...
Controlled deposition of the metallic features such as nanoparticles with high spatial accuracy has a great interest in different applications such as surface plasmons, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), nanophotonics and nano biophysics. Lithography based scanning probe microscopy techniques have been shown as a potential methodology for accurate ...
