... non-invasive studies, the role of ecologists and geneticists throughout the ... yet but may want to use this tool to monitor populations through time....

Non-invasive monitoring of dielectric slab thickness is of great interest in various industrial applications. This paper focuses on estimating the thickness of dielectric slabs, and consequently monitoring their variations, utilizing wideband microwave signals and the MUtiple SIgnal Characterization (MUSIC) algorithm. The performance of the proposed ...

... Author : NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ... will this contribute to the quality control of mammography but potentially to ...

... for Improvement of Mammographic Image Quality. ... INST OF STANDARDS AND ... DIFFRACTION, *IMAGES, *MAMMOGRAPHY, MEASUREMENT ...

Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure is estimated non-invasively by measurement of right ventricular isovolumic contraction time. This portion of right venticular systole (RV) is determined by the simultaneous registration of tricuspid and pulmonic valvula...

Numerous paediatric liver diseases from different origins may be complicated by development of liver fibrosis and progression to cirrhosis. Although fibrogenesis, which represents a major driving force for the development of liver fibrosis, has common tracts whatever the aetiology, liver fibrosis has different histopathological patterns in paediatric liver disease. In these diseases management ...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become over the last decade the most common form of chronic liver disease in children and adults. Thus, establishing the diagnosis of NAFLD is of utmost importance and represents a major challenge as the disease is generally silent and the current gold standard for diagnosis is an invasive liver biopsy, a procedure that is not suitable for screening ...

ABSTRACT: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become over the last decade the most common form of chronic liver disease in children and adults. Thus, establishing the diagnosis of NAFLD is of utmost importance and represents a major challenge as the disease is generally silent and the current gold standard for diagnosis is an invasive liver biopsy, a procedure that is not suitable for ...

In many real life applications, it is impossible to observe the feature of interest directly. For example, non-invasive medical imaging techniques rely on indirect observations to reconstruct an image of the patient's internal organs. In this paper, we investigate optimal designs for such indirect regression problems. We use the optimal designs as benchmarks to investigate the ...

Mar 2, 2011 ... Cyrano "Nose" the Smell of Success. Cyrano Sciences, Inc., of Pasadena, California, has commercialized a simple, accurate, non-invasive tool ...

... available, non-invasive, and accurate imaging technique that may ... These small molecules also migrate ... also taken up by certain cancer cell lines in ...

Diabetes is one of the biggest health challenges of the 21st century. The obesity epidemic, sedentary lifestyles and an ageing population mean prevalence of the condition is currently doubling every generation. Diabetes is associated with serious chronic ill health, disability and premature mortality. Long-term complications including heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney disease and ...

Non-invasive techniques to measure body composition are critical for longitudinal studies of energetics and life histories and for investigating the link between body condition and physiology. Previous attempts to determine, non-invasively, the body composition of snakes have proven problematic. Therefore, we explored whether dual-energy X-ray ...

The basic evaluation of suspected voiding dysfunction involves fundamental objective tools such as the pressure-flow study. Although accurate, the several drawbacks to this invasive study of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) are discussed and evaluated. Other non-invasive and/or minimally invasive ways of diagnosing BOO continue to be the subject of ...

... to both overfishing and climate change, may become ... relatively non-invasive way to estimate abundance of a wide variety of cetacean species. ...

... unit recruitment strategy in muscles of contralateral ... the non invasive estimation of muscle fiber conduction ... 1993 [7] E. Henneman, �Skeletal m uscle ...

Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that complex visual stimuli, such as faces, activate multiple brain regions, yet little is known on the dynamics and complexity of the activated cortical networks during the entire measurable evoked response. In this study, we used simulated and face-evoked empirical MEG data from an oddball study to investigate the feasibility of ...

A microcomputer-based system for non-invasive monitoring of cardiovascular system in simulated microgravity is described. The system evaluates automatically, accurately and interactively heart beat intervals, beat-to-beat non-invasive finger arterial blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, mean and pulse pressure) using a Finapres device and beat-to-beat ...

Non�invasive Functional Brain Mapping Using Registered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation G pulses. A brain mapping is then generated by measuring responses of different motor and sensory functions, accurate brain mapping which supports surgical planning, surgical guidance, neuroanatomy research

Water content is a critical parameter affecting both liquid-phase and vapor-phase contaminant transport in the vadose zone. This means that accurate estimate of in situ water content must be obtained in order to design for the appropriate handling or remediation of a contaminated region of the vadose zone. Traditional methods of sampling the subsurface by ...

Objective: To develop and validate a new non-invasive method for the estimation of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) based on advanced signal processing of the second heart sound.Design: Prospective comparative study.Setting: Referral cardiology centre.Patients: This method was first tested in 16 pigs with experimentally induced pulmonary hypertension and ...

An optimization-based, non-invasive, radiation-free method was developed for estimating subject-specific body segment inertial properties (BSIPs) using a motion capture system and two forceplates. The method works with accurate descriptions of the geometry of the body segments, subject-specific center of pressure (COP) and kinematic ...

Accurate and efficient testing is essential for ensuring the quality and safety of the food we eat. Whereas most analysis methods are destructive, Duncan Graham-Rowe reports that optical techniques are not only non-invasive but in some cases can also assess nutritional content.

A laser-based system has been designed, built, tested, and used to measure non-invasively and accurately the dynamic response of microvoided visco-elastic samples in the 0.3 - 3 kHz range.

There is described an apparatus and method for diagnosing ocular cancer that is both non-invasive and accurate which comprises two radiation detectors positioned before each of the patient's eyes which will measure the radiation level produced in each eye...

The use of lasers by both the military and civilian community is rapidly expanding. Thus, the potential for laser eye injury and retinal damage is increasing. Sensitive and accurate methods to evaluate and follow laser retinal damage are needed. The multi...

Cyrano Sciences, Inc. has commercialized a simple, accurate, non- invasive tool that enables 'machines to smell'. The Cyranose 320 is used for quality control purposes in the food and chemical industries. Using a sensor array and onboard pattern recogniti...

There is a pressing need for a widely available, non-invasive, and accurate imaging technique to further evaluate mammographically suspicious lesions to reduce the number of cancer negative biopsies. We have demonstrated that technetium-99m radiolabeled h...

Beyond evaluating physiologic alterations encountered during pregnancy quantitative pulsed- and continuous Doppler and qualitative color Doppler technology can be used for cardiovascular assessment of the pregnant woman with heart disease or suspected cardiac abnormality. Echocardiography provides information about disease etiology, leads to accurate and ...

... Sheng2, and William J. McShea3. (2008) Do Revised Giant Panda Population Estimates Aid in Their Conservation. Ursus 19: ... ...

Adaptive focusing of ultrasonic waves under the guidance of a Magnetic Resonance (MR) system is demonstrated for medical applications. This technique is based on the maximization of the ultrasonic wave intensity at one targeted point in space. The wave intensity is indirectly estimated from the local tissue displacement induced at the chosen focus by the acoustic radiation ...

BackgroundAn assessment of population size and structure is an important first step in devising conservation and management plans for endangered species. Many threatened animals are elusive, rare and live in habitats that prohibit directly counting individuals. For example, a well-founded estimate of the number of great apes currently living in the wild is lacking. Developing ...

We assessed the ability of palpating the radial arterial pulse and observing the oximeter trace to estimate the automated non-invasive systolic pressure reading in 20 healthy female volunteers and 20 parturients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. Using real-time values of cuff pressure during inflation/deflation, the pressure was ...

Non-invasive biomarkers of intracellular accumulation of fat within the liver (hepatic steatosis) are urgently needed for detection and quantitative grading of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the US. Accurate quantification of fat with MRI is challenging due the presence of several confounding ...

Jul 16, 1999 ... Simple to perform, non-invasive tests--such as the quantitative Valsalva maneuver, estimates of heart rate and blood pressure variability, ...

Surface electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is recognized as a powerful non-invasive soil survey and monitoring method. Relationships between ER and soil water contents that are needed to infer the spatial distribution of soil moisture from the ERT results, are known to reflect soil properties. ...

Diving activities have been shown to be dangerous to individuals in poor physical condition. Therefore, to increase diving safety, a simple non-invasive method to predict aerobic capacity would be useful. Among the many methods used to estimate aerobic ca...

Non-invasive imaging techniques have revolutionized diagnostic medicine, and promise to do likewise in animal experimentation and breeding. In this paper, three applications are described in which the objective is to predict body composition.

Approximately 100 million people undergo noncardiac surgery annually worldwide. It is estimated that around 3% of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery experience a major adverse cardiac event. Although cardiac events, like myocardial infarction, are major cause of perioperative morbidity or mortality, its true incidence is difficult to assess. The risk of perioperative ...

Adaptive focusing of ultrasonic waves is performed under the guidance of a Magnetic Resonance (MR) system. The technique is based on the maximization of the ultrasonic wave intensity at a target point. The wave intensity is indirectly estimated from the local tissue motion induced at the chosen focus by the acoustic radiation force of the ultrasonic beam. A motion sensitive MR ...

Wall artery viscoelastic properties (WAVP) are correlated with structural and functional state of the arterial system. An accurate estimation of these properties is achieved measuring wall instantaneous diameter and pressure signals. The aim of this work was to evaluate a new non invasive ...

Reconstruction of movements from non-invasively recorded brain activity is a key technology for brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). However, electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) inevitably records a mixture of signals originating from many cortical regions, and thus it is not only less effective than invasive methods but also poses more difficulty for ...

The relationship between the vessel diameter (D) and fluid velocity (U) in arteries and flexible tubes has been recently characterized as linear in the absence of wave reflections. This relationship allowed for determining local wave speed (C(DU)) using the lnDU-loop method. Using C(DU), it was possible to separate U and D waveforms into their forward and backward components. It was also possible ...

This study compared four common non-invasive indices with an invasive index for determining the anaerobic threshold (AT) in 22 adult male rowers using a Concept2 rowing ergometer. A criterion-standard progressive incremental test (invasive method) measured blood lactate concentrations to determine the 4 mmol/l threshold (La4-AT) and Dmax AT (Dm-AT). This was compared with ...

A multimodal CT protocol provides a comprehensive non-invasive survey of acute stroke patients with accurate demonstration of the site of arterial occlusion and its hemodynamic tissue status. It combines widespread availability with the ability to provide functional characterization of cerebral ischemia, and could potentially allow more ...

Essential to the success of optimized thermal treatment during hyperthermia is accurate modelling. Advection of energy due to blood perfusion significantly affects the temperature. Without accurate estimates of the magnitude of the local tissue blood perfusion, accurate estimates of the ...

The SLC wire scanner beam profile monitors provide accurate beam size and emittance measurements for each bunch in the three bunch SLC beam. The beam size measurement error for typical 50GeV SLC linac beams (100{mu}m {sigma}({sub x,y})) is better than 5{mu}m. Beam profile measurements can be performed throughout much of the SLC with no interruption to normal machine operation ...

Prostate segmentation is an essential step in developing any non-invasive Computer-Assisted Diagnostic (CAD) system for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer using Dynamic Contrast Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Images (DCE-MRI). In this paper we propose a novel approach for segmenting the prostate region from DCE-MRI based on using a graph cut framework to optimize a new ...

Modeling functional brain interaction networks using non-invasive EEG and MEG data is more challenging than using intracranial recording data. This is because most interaction measures are not robust to the cross-talk (interference) between cortical regions, which may arise due to the limited spatial resolution of EEG/MEG inverse procedures. In this paper we describe a ...

In recent years non-invasive medical diagnostic techniques have been used widely in medical investigations. Among the various imaging modalities available, Magnetic Resonance Imaging is very attractive as it produces multi-slice images where the contrast between various types of body tissues such as muscle, ligaments and fat is well defined. The aim of this paper is to ...

SUMMARY: In vivo dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging tools provide non-invasive methods for analyzing various functional changes associated with disease initiation, progression and responses to therapy. The quantitative application of these tools has been hindered by its inability to accurately resolve and characterize targeted tissues due to spatially mixed ...

Trauma Triage errors are frequent and costly. What happens in pre-hospital care remains anecdotal because of the dual responsibility of treatment (resuscitation and stabilization) and documentation in a time-critical environment. Continuous pre-hospital vital signs waveforms and numerical trends were automatically collected in our study. Abnormalities of pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (< 95%) ...

BackgroundThe CloneSelect� Imager system is an image-based visualisation system for cell growth assessment. Traditionally cell proliferation is measured with the colorimetric MTT assay.ResultsHere we show that both the CloneSelect Imager and the MTT approach result in comparable EC₅₀ values when assaying the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and oxaliplatin on various cell lines. ...

Water content is a critical parameter affecting both liquid-phase and vapor-phase contaminant transport in the vadose zone. This means that accurate estimates of in situ water content must be obtained in order to design for the appropriate handling or remediation of a contaminated region of the vadose zone. Traditional methods of sampling the subsurface by ...

The accurate measurement of growth parameters is essential for the development of automated, low cost silicon growth technology. The ideal growth parameter sensor for these applications is accurate, non-invasive, immune to electromagnetic interference (especially if induction heaters are used), and able to function at high ...

Non-invasive estimation of regional cardiac function is important for assessment of myocardial contractility. The use of MR tagging technique enables acquisition of intra-myocardial tissue motion by placing a spatially modulated pattern of magnetization whose deformation with the myocardium over the cardiac cycle can be imaged. Quantitative computation of ...

An aberration correction method based on the maximization of the wave intensity at the focus of an emitting array is presented. The potential of this new adaptive focusing technique is investigated for ultrasonic focusing in biological tissues. The acoustic intensity is maximized non invasively through the direct measurement or indirect ...

Understanding the flow a groundwater quality. This understanding is achieved by measurement of the appropriate chemical and physical subsurface parameters. The ideal measurement would accurately assess a parameter without affecting the parameter or its environment. Fiber optic spectroscopy offers some of the most promising techniques for accurate, ...

Do invasive plant species have greater phenotypic plasticity than non-invasive species? And, if so, how does this affect their fitness relative to native, non-invasive species? What role might this play in plant invasions? To answer these long-standing questions, we conducted a meta-analysis using data from 75 invasive/non-invasive ...

Using accurate organ representation areas map of the face, originally mapped by the author using Bi-Digital O-Ring Test Resonance Phenomena between two identical substances, one can make quick non-invasive screening of diseases by visual inspection, particularly if it is chronic degenerative disease, as they often develop deep crease or creases or ...

BackgroundNon-invasive planar fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) is used for accessing physiological and molecular processes in biological tissue. This method is efficiently used to detect superficial fluorescent inclusions. FRI is based on recording the spatial radiance distribution (SRD) at the surface of a sample. SRD provides information for measuring structural ...

... Non-Invasive Hemoglobin Monitoring during Hemorrhage and ... Non-Invasive Hemoglobin Monitoring during Hemorrhage and Hypovolemic Shock ...

The average dimension of prostate was measured by transabdominal ultrasonography preoperatively to compare with direct intraoperative measurements in 28 patients undergoing suprapubic I-125 seed implantation for the treatment of prostatic cancer. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.932) was found between these two measurements. Transabdominal ultrasonography is a relatively simple and ...

The use of adaptive optics to obtain in vivo images of the human retina corresponds to a successful application, to the biomedical field, of a high resolution imaging technique developed by astronomers. Hence, adaptive optics allows ophthalmologists to accurately correct for the time-varying ocular aberrations. This constitutes the first step towards non ...

Accurate non-invasive mechanical measurement of long bones is made difficult by the masking effect of surrounding soft tissues. Mechanical Response Tissue Analysis (MRTA) offers a method for separating the effects of the soft tissue and bone; however, a d...

There is described an apparatus and method for diagnosing ocular cancer that is both non-invasive and accurate which comprises two radiation detectors positioned before each of the patient's eyes which will measure the radiation level produced in each eye after the administration of a tumor-localizing radiopharmaceutical such as gallium-67.

There is described an apparatus and method for diagnosing ocular cancer that is both non-invasive and accurate which comprises two radiation detectors positioned before each of the patient's eyes which will measure the radiation level produced in each eye after the administration of a tumor-localizing radiopharmaceutical such as gallium-67.

Preoperative imaging with MRI/MRA/MRCP is an accurate non-invasive method for staging cholangiocarcinoma, and determining resectability. It provides information regarding tumor size, extent of bile duct involvement, vascular patency, extrahepatic extension, nodal or distant metastases, and the presence of lobar atrophy. MRCP is better for demonstrating ...

A pervasive problem in neuroscience is determining which regions of the brain are active, given voltage measurements at the scalp. If accurate solutions to such problems could be obtained, neurologists would gain non-invasive access to patient-specific cortical activity. Access to such data would ultimately increase the number of patients who could be ...

The purpose of these studies is to develop earlier and more accurate methods of evaluating peripheral nerve injuries than are commonly in use. Nerve action potential recording has been combined with evoked muscle action potential and muscle tension studie...

of the speech signal. Let each of subjects be represented by a sequence of feature vectors O , which are the Mel (MEEI) Voice and Speech Laboratory was used. It contains voice samples of 710 subjects. Included of normal and pathological speech. This system employs non-invasive, non-expensive and fully automated

This study tested the hypothesis that transdermal fluid (TDF) provides a more sensitive and accurate measure of exercise-induced increases in insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) than serum, and that these increases are detectable proximal, but not distal, to the exercising muscle. A novel, noninvas...

) � Alerting � Novel mechanisms � Cognitive performance enhancing � Lack abuse potential � Sleep apnea � Mechanism should be independent of treatment for inflammation � Diagnostics � Non-invasive devices for monitoring Hb � Must have good test-retest reliability � Must be accurate to 0.5 g/dL Hb in the 7 to 14 g