... HRTF of the acoustic mannequin was ... MANNEQUINS, CANALS, HELMETS, STIMULI, VEHICLES, ACOUSTICS, TRACKING, ACCURACY ...

... within the limits of the approximations to which (l.1 ... be determined to a first approximation by the ... local intensity of the distorted wave (more accurately ...

... the HRTF of the acoustic mannequin was ... The original document contains color images. 14. ... Electronics Mannequin for Acoustics Research (KEMAR ...

A computer-based algorithm that localizes sounds in near-real time has been developed. The algorithm takes input from two microphones and estimates the position of the sound source relative to the microphone array. The algorithm requires no a priori knowl...

A comparison of the ability of mammals to localize sound revealed that among the animals examined to date, none of the rodents have been able to localize as accurately as the carnivores. Because all of these rodents are prey animals, the question arises as to whether their poor localization ...

The pallid bat (Antrozous p. pallidus) uses passive sound localization to capture terrestrial prey. This study of captive pallid bats examined the roles of echolocation and passive sound localization in prey capture, and focused on their spectral requirements for accurate passive ...

, M. Mechanism of sound localization in the barn owl (Tyto alba). J. Comp. Physiol. A 133, 13�21 (1979

Localization of sound sources on the ground from an acoustic sensor array elevated on a tethered aerostat is considered. To improve estimation of the source coordinates, one should take into account refraction of sound rays due to atmospheric stratification. Using a geometrical acoustics approximation for a stratified moving medium, ...

A sound localization method in the proximal region is proposed, which is based on a low-cost 3D sound localization algorithm with the use of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). The auditory parallax model is applied to the current algorithm so that more accurate HRTFs can be used for ...

The current dominant model of binaural sound localization proposes that the lateral position of a sound source is determined by the position of maximal activation within an array of binaural coincidence-detector neurons that are tuned to different interaural time differences (ITDs). The tuning of a neuron for an ITD is determined by ...

Although it is very important to conduct listening tests when constructing a practical sound field reproduction system based on wave field synthesis, listening tests are very expensive. A localization model of synthesized sound images that predicts the results of listening tests is proposed. This model reduces the costs of constructing ...

... Accession Number : AD0441146. Title : LOCALIZATION OF SOUND. PART 4. FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS IN SOUND LOCALIZATION. ...

This paper describes methodology and results from a model-based analysis of data on sound transmission from controlled sound sources at sea to a 10-km distant shore. The data consist of registrations of sound transmission loss together with concurrently collected atmospheric data at the source and receiver locations. The purpose of the ...

A young Indian elephant was tested to determine its absolute sensitivity, frequency-discrimination thresholds, and sound-localization thresholds. The elephant was found to have an audibility curve similar to that of other mammals but one that is more sensitive to low frequencies and less sensitive to high frequencies than any other mammalian audiogram including human's. The ...

The accuracy with which a single source of sound can be localized has been examined in many studies, but very few studies have examined the ability of participants to determine the absolute locations of multiple sources of sound. The current study assessed participants' abilities to determine and remember the locations of up to six ...

A world-fixed sound presented to a moving head produces changing sound-localization cues, from which the audiomotor system could infer sound movement relative to the head. When appropriately combined with self-motion signals, sound localization remains spatially accurate. ...

... Restoring Sound Localization with Occluded Ears ... passed. The system was evaluated in a sound localization experiment. ...

The Franssen Effect (FE) is a striking auditory illusion previously demonstrated only in humans. To elicit the FE, subjects are presented with two spatially-separated sounds; one a transient tone with an abrupt onset and immediate ramped offset and the other a sustained tone of the same frequency with a ramped onset which remains on for several hundred ms. The FE illusion ...

Our current environment and architecture are mainly static even though our surrounding society is constantly changing. This is why the Biofication of Living Spaces field was created, to get more adaptive and suitable living spaces. On the other hand, human was naturally empowered with a lot of features responding to the environment. His/her 2 ears are powerful tools from which he/she can acquire a ...

... Title : JUNGLE ACOUSTICS II: LOCALIZATION OF SOUNDS IN THE JUNGLE. ... Localization errors were high in the jungle. ...

Humans and cats can localize a sound source accurately if its spectrum is fairly broad and flat, as is typical of most natural sounds. However, if sounds are filtered to reduce the width of the spectrum, they result in illusions of sources that are very different from the actual locations, ...

In reverberant environments, acoustic reflections interfere with the direct sound arriving at a listener�s ears, distorting the spatial cues for sound localization. Yet, human listeners have little difficulty localizing sounds in most settings. Because reverberant energy builds up over time, ...

According to the present invention, a method and apparatus rely upon tomographic measurement of the speed of sound and fluid velocity in a pipe. The invention provides a more accurate profile of velocity within flow fields where the speed of sound varies within the cross-section of the pipe. This profile is obtained by reconstruction ...

According to the present invention, a method and apparatus rely upon tomographic measurement of the speed of sound and fluid velocity in a pipe. The invention provides a more accurate profile of velocity within flow fields where the speed of sound varies within the cross-section of the pipe. This profile is obtained by reconstruction ...

This paper presents two new ideas. The first one is to apply the Viola integral waveform method to analyze the heart sounds recorded by an electric stethoscope, and the multi-scale moment analysis is proposed to locate each cycle of heart sounds. A fast algorithm for calculating characteristic waveform (CW) and characteristic moment waveform (CMW) of heart ...

... 29 - 1 Localization Performance of Real and Virtual Sound Sources ... Page 3. Localization Performance of Real and Virtual Sound Sources 29 - 2 ...

... Abstract : In an attempt to formulate an accurate model for sound propagation in shallow water, several tests were conducted in Long Island Sound. ...

... way to introduce the sound wave into the specimen and detect the sound wave leaving the specime. ... to make accurate absorption measure- ...

The role of auditory cortex in sound localization and its recalibration by experience was explored by measuring the accuracy with which ferrets turned toward and approached the source of broadband sounds in the horizontal plane. In one group, large bilateral lesions were made of the middle ectosylvian gyrus, where the primary auditory ...

In a recent paper [P. Rizzo, G. Bordoni, A. Marzani, and J. Vipperman, "Localization of Sound Sources by Means of Unidirectional Microphones, Meas. Sci. Tech., 20, 055202 (12pp), 2009] the proof-of-concept of an approach for the localization of acoustic sources was presented. The method relies on the use of unidirectional microphones ...

The mammalian auditory system contains descending neural pathways, some of which project onto the cochlea via the medial olivocochlear (MOC) system. The function of this efferent auditory system is not entirely clear. Behavioral studies in animals with olivocochlear (OC) lesions suggest that the MOC serves to facilitate sound localization in noise. In the ...

... UNDERWATER SOUND LOCALIZATION IN HUMANS ... theory and empirical evidence would predict that, in the under- water environment, humans ...

... Accession Number : AD0722373. Title : Underwater Sound Localization in Humans. Descriptive Note : Progress rept. Corporate ...

... Title : Sound Localization with an Army Helmet Worn in Combination with an In-Ear Advanced Communications System. ...

... on military and naval science, operational warfare ... Title : Sound Localization by Human Observers Symposium ... National Academy of Sciences on 14 ...

... Title : Robust Sound Localization: An Application of an Auditory Perception System for a Humanoid Robot. Descriptive Note : Master's thesis. ...

... Accession Number : ADA512920. Title : Passive Sound Localization in the Barn Owl. Descriptive Note : Conference paper. ...

Sound localization in humans depends largely on interaural time delay (ITD). The ability to discriminate differences in ITD is highly accurate. ITD discrimination (? ITD) thresholds, under some circumstances, are as low as 10�20 ?s. It has been assumed that thresholds this low could only be obtained if the outputs from many neurons ...

Echolocating bats emit ultrasonic vocalizations and listen to echoes reflected back from objects in the path of the sound beam to build a spatial representation of their surroundings. Important to understanding the representation of space through echolocation are detailed studies of the cues used for localization, the sonar emission patterns and how this ...

Blind individuals often demonstrate enhanced nonvisual perceptual abilities. However, the neural substrate that underlies this improved performance remains to be fully understood. An earlier behavioral study demonstrated that some early-blind people localize sounds more accurately than sighted controls using monaural cues. In order to ...

Blind individuals often demonstrate enhanced nonvisual perceptual abilities. However, the neural substrate that underlies this improved performance remains to be fully understood. An earlier behavioral study demonstrated that some early-blind people localize sounds more accurately than sighted controls using monaural cues. In order to ...

In this paper, the Space-Time Array Processing (STAP) approach is applied to sound source localization using adaptive microphone arrays. Two beamforming methods, conventional and MVDR are used for estimating the direction-of arrival (DOA) of sound signals arrived at the microphone array from different sensors in the observation area. ...

This study measured the accuracy with which human listeners can localize spoken words. A broadband (300 Hz-16 kHz) corpus of monosyllabic words was created and presented tolisteners using a virtual auditory environment. Localization was examined for 76 locations ona sphere surrounding the listener. Experiment 1 showed that low-pass filtering the speech ...

Recently, the standard of using a single low-frequency driver in stereophonic sound reproduction systems has come into question. Though it is accepted that lateral discrimination and localization of signals is possible well into the subwoofer frequency range, the use of multiple subwoofers in small reverberant rooms remains of questionable value. While ...

In the psychophysical phenomenon visual bias, an accurately localized irrelevant signal, such as a light, impairs localization of a spatially discrepant target, such as a sound, when the two stimuli are perceived as unified. Many studies have demonstrated visual bias in azimuth, but none have tested directly or ...

The physics of sound propagation imposes fundamental constraints on sound localization: for a given frequency, the smaller the receiver, the smaller the available cues. Thus, the creation of nanoscale acoustic microphones with directional sensitivity is very difficult. The fly Ormia ochracea possesses an unusual 'ear' that largely ...

Sound localization is determining the location of sound sources using the measurements of the signals received by an array of sensors. Humans and animals possess the natural ability of localizing sound. Researchers have tried to model nature's way of solv...

Sounds heard over headphones are typically perceived inside the head (internalized), unlike real sound sources which are perceived outside the head (externalized). If the acoustical waveforms from a real sound source are reproduced precisely using headphones, auditory images are appropriately externalized and ...

Cats and dogs have relatively good sound-localization acuity, and the question arises as to whether this trait is a characteristic of all carnivores or whether it is due to the fact that they have large heads and correspondingly large binaural localization cues available to them. The localization acuity of the least weasel, the ...

"This article describes an enrollment forecasting process in which technical experts and local community stakeholders [in Oregon] worked together to produce data that were cost-efficient and yet accurate enough to serve as the basis for sound decisions. The large school district that employed this process gained valuable insights to ...

investigation demonstrated that eastern towhees, Pipilo erythrophthalmus, resolve azimuth nearly as well a small passerine bird, the eastern towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus L., is able to resolve azimuth in the field A previous study demonstrated that towhees, Pipilo erythrophthalmus L., in Florida, USA, are able

... Title : Accurate Pairing Treatment of the Coulomb Interaction in the Anderson Model of a Localized Moment in a Metal. ...

The auditory cortex is critical for perceiving a sound's location. However, there is no topographic representation of acoustic space, and individual auditory cortical neurons are often broadly tuned to stimulus location. It thus remains unclear how acoustic space is represented in the mammalian cerebral cortex and how it could contribute to sound ...

A review is given of the theory of vortex sound with emphasis on sound production by vortex surface interactions involving rigid and deformable, compact and noncompact moving bodies. The analysis is facilitated by use of the �compact� approximation to the acoustic Green's function in cases where the solid surface is either acoustically compact or, for ...

X-band accelerator structures, meeting the Next Linear Collider (NLC) design requirements, have been found to suffer damage due to radio frequency (RF) breakdown when processed to high gradients. Improved understanding of these breakdown events is desirable for the development of structure designs, fabrication procedures, and processing techniques that minimize structure damage. Using an array of ...

The owl captures prey using sound localization. In the classical model, the owl infers sound direction from the position of greatest activity in a brain map of auditory space. However, this model fails to describe the actual behavior. Although owls accurately localize sources near the center of ...

We present an improved microfabricated sound localization sensor for unobtrusive surveillance systems inspired by the tympanic membranes of the parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea. The device consists of two silicon diaphragms mechanically coupled by a suspended beam that amplifies the difference in time response, dependent on the incident angle of the ...

... If a sound source is located in a room, then a coordinate system of referrent and three referreds is necessary to specify its location. ...

In local helioseismology, inversion methods that can separate magnetic and thermal perturbations are needed, especially for probing the subsurface structure of sunspots. We present a method for performing linear helioseismic inversions that can infer small-amplitude perturbations to both the magnetic field strength and the sound-speed profile in ...

The Puget Sound Action Team is a partnership of state agencies and tribal and local governments charged with developing and coordinating conservation programs to protect and restore Puget Sound. The goal of th...

of Sound Waves through a Transonic. Nozzle. The first problem addresses propagation of sound waves in a transonic nozzle, in which the local Mach ...

Abstract � Being able to locate the origin of a sound is important for our capability to interact with the environment. Humans can locate a sound source in both the horizontal and vertical plane with only two ears, using the head related transfer function HRTF, or more specifically features like interaural time difference ITD, interaural level difference ...

In darkness, observers partially paralyzed with curare make large (greater thn 20 degrees) gaze- and dosage-dependent errors in visually localizing eye-level-horizontal and median planes, in matching the location of a sound to a light, and in pointing at a light. In illuminated, structured visual localization and pointing are ...

Gleaning bats rely on passive hearing to detect and localize terrestrial prey, and display remarkable accuracy in their passive sound localization. This study examines binaural processing in the inferior colliculus (IC) of the pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus), a gleaner that attends to prey-generated noise transients to locate prey. The ...

... accurate approximation for dilute mixtures of gas bubbles in a liquid. ... Keywords: Sound speed; Bubbly liquids; Wood's equation; Two phase media. ...

Accurate auditory localization relies on neural computations based on spatial cues present in the sound waves at each ear. The values of these cues depend on the size, shape, and separation of the two ears and can therefore vary from one individual to another. As with other perceptual skills, the neural circuits involved in spatial ...

Recently, the perceptual lateralization of a partly masked target has been successfully simulated using the interaural cross-correlation difference (ICCD) model [Braasch, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108, 2597 (2000)]. However, in the accompanying listening tests, the target level was often found to be below the masked detection threshold level. To improve the model performance, a detection threshold model ...

Accurate auditory localization relies on neural computations based on spatial cues present in the sound waves at each ear. The values of these cues depend on the size, shape, and separation of the two ears and can therefore vary from one individual to another. As with other perceptual skills, the neural circuits involved in spatial ...

In three experiments, listeners were required to either localize or identify the second of two successive sounds. The first sound (the cue) and the second sound (the target) could originate from either the same or different locations, and the interval between the onsets of the two sounds ...

... Accession Number : ADA543237. Title : Fly-Ear Inspired Micro-Sensor for Sound Source Localization in Two Dimensions. ...

Efferent auditory pathways have been implicated in sound localization and its plasticity. We examined the role of the olivocochlear system (OC) in horizontal sound localization by the ferret and in localization learning following unilateral earplugging. Under anesthesia, adult ferrets underwent ...

The ambient sound field in the ocean is a combination of natural and manmade sounds. Consequently, the interpretation of the ambient sound field can be used to quantify these processes. In the frequency range from 1 to 50 kHz, the general character of ocean ambient sound is a slowly changing background that is ...

We have previously shown that some blind individuals can localize sounds more accurately than their sighted counterparts when one ear is obstructed, and that this ability is strongly associated with occipital cortex activity. Given that spectral cues are important for monaurally localizing ...

We have previously shown that some blind individuals can localize sounds more accurately than their sighted counterparts when one ear is obstructed, and that this ability is strongly associated with occipital cortex activity. Given that spectral cues are important for monaurally localizing ...

Sound localization relies on the neural processing of monaural and binaural spatial cues that arise from the way sounds interact with the head and external ears. Neurophysiological studies of animals raised with abnormal sensory inputs show that the map of auditory space in the superior colliculus is shaped during development by both ...

In a study of the relationship between interaural coherence and localization ability, two experiments were performed. Both made use of a 1/3 octave band of low frequency sound and a 1/3 octave band of high frequency sound. Stimuli with coherences ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 were created in three recording environments using a KEMAR and ...

The inhomogeneous characteristics of biological media and the nonlinear nature of sound propagation at high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) regimes make accurate modeling of real HIFU applications a challenging task in terms of computational time and resources. A fast, dynamically adaptive time-domain method that drastically reduces these pitfalls is ...

... The recursive ray acoustics (RRA) algorithm was found to be accurate and relatively fast. The RRA algorithm is capable ...

... to make an accurate diagnosis, including: Ultrasound Using high-frequency sound waves to "echo," or bounce, off the ...

... AND DEPTH (CTD) PROFILER ... To ensure accurate sound velocity profiles, it is important that CTD sensors are properly calibrated. Techniques ...

Microphone arrays are known to enhance the directionality and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over single-channel sensors. This is considered beneficial in many applications such as video-conferencing systems and hearing aids. However, this advantage comes at the price of the sensation of spatial hearing. The spatial cues due to diffractions of the head and torso are lost if the array is not fitted in ...

The mammalian binaural system compares the timing of monaural inputs with microsecond precision. This temporal precision is required for localizing sounds in azimuth. However, temporal features of the monaural inputs, in particular their latencies, highly depend on the overall sound level. In a combined psychophysical, ...

Estimating a location of mobile phones or sound source is of considerable interest in wireless communications and signal processing. In this letter, we propose squared range weighted least squares (SRWLS) using the range estimate attained from the Taylor series-based maximum likelihood. The weight can be determined more accurately when using the proposed ...

We present results for several structural and dynamical properties of the liquid Li1-xNax alloy. The study has been carried out by means of the orbital-free ab initio molecular dynamics method, combined with local ionic pseudopotentials constructed within the same framework. We obtain good agreement with the available experimental data, reproducing ...

Bathymetry for Puget Sound was derived from eighty-eight surveys containing 930,967 soundings. There were thirty-nine older, overlapping, less accurate ... ...

Bathymetry for Mississippi Sound was derived from thirty-three surveys containing 371,210 soundings. Five overlapping, older, less accurate surveys were ... ...

The accurate measurement of peak sound pressures is important for the audiological protection of workers exposed to high sound pressures and both British and European legislation imposes requirements on employers to measure high level impulsive noise and ...

The Puget Sound hydrographic model at the Pacific Science Center is a small-scale, accurate physical model of Puget Sound. Inputs, such as: ocean salinity, tides, fresh water inflow and various effluent characteristics, can be accurately controlled by the...

We use time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings to monitor ground water conditions beneath the coastal plain in eastern North Carolina. The TDEM method measures the earth's response to an induced electromagnetic field. The resulting signal is converted, through a complex inversion process, to apparent resistivity values, which can be directly correlated to borehole ...

By the reproduction of sounds produced by bees at a lure, it was shown that they are capable of perceiving sounds transmitted through air and localizing their source. Sounds produced by bees may carry a certain type of information for them. (Author)

the effect of the sound with the desired physical and geometrical attrihutes; and crosstalk cancellation representing the physical and geometrical aspects of a sound source to modify a monophonic repre- sentation of the sound or voice and generate a stereo signal which simulates the acoustical effect of the ...

... Title : THE LOCAL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT AROUND A HEATED HORIZONTAL CYLINDER IN AN INTENSE SOUND FIELD. ...

... Locally Resonant Sonic Materials ... Experimental measurements of the sound transmission through those locally resonant sonic crystals ...

The pilot operates locally rich and the main stage operates locally lean, ..... sound and an increase in the resonant frequencies that the combustion ...

... modeling of subspace methods. The implementation of a biological localization algorithm on a DSP board is also presented. ...

Current helmets and hearing protectors interfere with the sound transmission to the ears and therefore affect the perception and localization of speech and other useful sounds. This is can be a serious drawback especially when the person wearing the prote...

Inspired by the hearing organ of the fly Ormia ochracea, a miniature sound localization sensor is developed, which can be used to pinpoint a sound source in two dimensions described by the azimuth and elevation angles. The sensor device employs an equilat...

The simulation of sound generating flows in complex geometries requires accurate numerical methods that are non-dissipative and stable, and well-posed boundary conditions. A structured mesh approach is often desired for a higher-order discretization that better uses the provided grids, but at the expense of complex geometry capabilities relative to ...

... IN THE ORGAN OF CORTI IN ANIMALS EXPOSED TO POWERFUL MEDIUM-FREQUENCY SOUNDS (O LOKALIZATSII I AKTIVNOSTI ...

-removed animals. Head motion cues therefore cannot assist the ferrets in localizing brief sounds of 40 or 100 msEffects of Altering Spectral Cues in Infancy on Horizontal and Vertical Sound Localization by Adult J. King. Effects of altering spectral cues in infancy on horizontal and vertical ...

... The results of sound velocity measurements indicated the presence of random fluctuations of composition and temperature of the combustion gases ...