The hydrogen positions in bayerite and gibbsite (both Al(OH)3) have been determined by minimizing the electrostatic energy as a function of hydroxyl orientation for a fixed O-H distance. The hydrogen positions in gibbsite are known from an accurate X-ray ...

Si and Ge are widely used as analyzing crystals for x-rays. Drastic and accurate shaping of Si or Ge gives significant advance in the x-ray field, although covalently bonded Si or Ge crystals have long been believed to be not deformable to various shapes. Recently, we developed a deformation technique for obtaining strongly and accurately shaped Si or Ge ...

Aug 30, 2006 ... Using the optical images, they have derived accurate source positions. They have investigated correlations between optical and X-ray flux, ...

X-ray rotation modulation collimators, such as the one on Ariel 5, allow an image of the X-ray emission from a region of the sky to be reconstructed. Computer image processing techniques are described which make possible accurate determinations of source intensities, spectra and positions. Previously identified sources can be ...

The determination of the spectral distribution of an x-ray beam from attenuation measurements in a narrow beam is an ill-conditioned problem that has aroused great interest since it was first proposed by Silberstein in 1932. In this work, the explicit reconstruction of the spectral distribution directly from the attenuation curve, without differentiating it, is carried out by a maximum likelihood ...

comparable to the gratings on Chandra and XMM. " Accurate absorption model necessary to understand source spectral properties ...

The objective of this research is to implement an inexpensive, quick and simple monitor that provides an accurate indication of proper patient position during the treatment of cancer by external beam X-ray radiation and also checks for any significant changes in patient anatomy. It is believed that this system will significantly ...

Single-crystal diamond is a material with great potential for the fabrication of X-ray photon beam-position monitors with submicrometre spatial resolution. Low X-ray absorption combined with radiation hardness and excellent thermal-mechanical properties make possible beam-transmissive diamond devices for monitoring synchrotron and free-electron laser ...

An x-ray beam position monitor has been developed and is currently operational at the NIST beamline X-24A of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY. It was developed to accurately measure the vertical position of the synchrotron beam and to allow precise positioning of beamline optics. It is an area type ...

... x-rays can produce emission of light in air and can excite the second positive and first negative bands of nitrogen found so prominently in aurorae. ...

The precise positions of nine X-ray sources in the vicinity of the galactic center are reported. The

Well characterized, highly crystalline standard materials are essential for accurate quantitative x-ray powder diffraction work. Synthetic cristobalite powder was certified as a Standard Reference Material for quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of cr...

Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence was used to analyze for sulfur in oil in commercially prepared standards, NBS standards and laboratory samples. The technique of energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence for sulfur was found to be accurate, precise, and re...

The R�mer mission has recently been approved as the next mission within the Danish Small Satellite Program. The scientific payload will consist of two separate experiments, the MONS and the Ballerina payloads. The primary objective of Ballerina is to provide accurate, real-time positions relayed to ground for ~ 70 Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) per year, and to ...

Measuring the deviation of a wavefront from a sphere provides valuable feedback on lens alignment and manufacturing errors. We demonstrate that these aberrations can be accurately measured at hard x-ray wavelengths, from far-field intensity measurements, using phase retrieval with a moveable structure in the beam path. We induce aberrations on a hard ...

The characteristics of a curved position sensitive X-ray detector are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of operation in a focusing diffraction geometry. Problems encountered in constructing the sensor are described. Construction drawings of th...

Treatment planning for ultrasound-guided transperitoneal I-125 permanent prostatic implants is a time consuming task, because this treatment uses many seeds (e.g. 50-80) and there are many solutions (seed positions) for optimizing the dose distribution. In conventional treatment planning for brachytherapy the locations of sources are usually input into a computer manually with ...

We propose to observe four neutron star or black hole soft X-ray transients (SXTs) in outburst to obtain accurate source positions, continuing a successful multi-year program in place since Cycle 6. These positions will allow reobservation of these sources in the X-ray, optical, and IR in order to study their ...

Simultaneous positional and spectral resolution would provide the basis for dual -energy digital subtraction x-ray angiography and mammography. ...

... Title : The Ratio of Impulsive to Thermal X-Ray Flux as a Function of Solar Flare Position. Descriptive Note : Interim rept.,. ...

X-ray - joint; Arthrography; Arthrogram ... or in the health care provider's office. The x-ray technologist will help you position the joint ...

Jan 13, 2011 ... Thanks to the high spatial resolution of the Gas Pixel Detectors (GPD), .... of position-sensitive transition-edge sensor X-ray detectors, ...

... its intended purpose to enable the Panorex X-ray exposure to be used as a longitudinal monitoring tool for periodontic, orthodontic, and other ...

... REDUCED WITHOUT MOTION OF THE DETECTOR BY USING A NEW X-RAY DETECTOR CALLED A POSITION SENSITIVE DETECTOR (PSD). ...

...2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Dental x-ray position indicating device. 872...Diagnostic Devices § 872.1840 Dental x-ray position indicating device. (a) Identification. A dental x-ray position indicating device is...

Hard X-ray surveys performed by the INTEGRAL satellite have discovered a conspicuous fraction (up to 30%) of unidentified objects among the detected sources. Here we continue our program of identification of these objects by (i) selecting probable optical candidates by means of positional cross-correlation of the INTEGRAL detections with soft ...

The bremsstrahlung X-rays from a plasma focus device were investigated with emphasis on the emission versus position, time, energy, and angle of emission. It is shown that low energy X-rays come from the plasma focus region, but that the higher energy com...

... Title : Switch-Scan Linear X-Ray Source. ... Instead, the x ray source position must be moved by electrical means within a stationary generator. ...

At CHESS' A, F and G wiggler beam lines three new video beam position monitors (VBPMs) have been commissioned. These new VBPMs utilize X-rays scattered from the graphite filter (A and F line) or from a beryllium window (G-line) as the white wiggler beam passes through them. As the X-rays scatter in all directions from the scattering medium, a slit camera ...

X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) comprises a set of 3D X-ray motion analysis techniques that merge motion data from in vivo X-ray videos with skeletal morphology data from bone scans into precise and accurate animations of 3D bones moving in 3D space. XROMM methods include: (1) manual alignment ...

X-ray navigation is a new concept in satellite navigation in which orientation, position and time are measured by observing stellar emissions in x-ray wavelengths. X-ray navigation offers the opportunity for a single instrument to be used to measure these parameters autonomously. Furthermore, this concept is not limited to missions in ...

A device is designed for recording the spectra of a solar source of parallel x rays. The device comprises a parabolic mirror reflector positioned to receive the x rays at an angle of incidence of 5 deg or less, a curved diffraction grating positioned relative to the ...

The prompt localizations of GRBs provided by the Swift satellite have enabled major advances in our understandings of GRB prompt and afterglow emission. The Swift BAT detects about 100 GRBs per year and provides positions accurate to better than 3 arcminutes within tens of seconds, while the XRT detects about 95 afterglows per year and provides ...

-ray stars 4 Synergetics Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROSITA - stars in X-rays Feb. 2011 2 / 15 #12;ROSAT / 15 #12;Synergetics eROSITA stars are typically bright in the optical GAIA - accurate positions-sky surveys of high interest plus X-ray stars from the 'deep fields' wealth of synergetics with existing

The scientific method of testing hypotheses with experiments leads to a more accurate and more complete understanding of the things that surround us. ...

The procedures adopted to control the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), UK, linear accelerator (linac) in order to achieve accurate dosimetry of x radiation are described. Attention is paid to the procedures for aligning the x ray beam with the optical axis, and to the means by which the energy of the x ...

BALLERINA is a satellite project currently selected (together with 3 other candidates) for a five month phase-A study within the Danish Small-Satellite Programme. BALLERINA combines an all-sky monitor yielding instantaneous half-degree size error boxes with rapid maneuverability and a wide field X-ray telescope. The project aims to study the transition phase from the ...

Hand holding of portable X-ray units is common in large animal ambulatory veterinary practice. Portable X-ray equipment manuals, veterinary teaching institutions, and state regulations discourage, or prohibit, hand holding of portable X-ray units. Our goal was to quantify surface radiation leakage of a typical portable ...

A simple x-ray fluorescence experiment suitable for graduate and undergraduate laboratories is described. The experiment uses a NaI(Tl) x-ray spectrometer, a weak 57Co radioactive source (~105 Bq), and medium-Z targets of silver, cadmium, indium, and tin. The K x-ray fluorescence yield, ?k, and K x-ray production ...

Using spectroscopic information for x ray magnetometry and magnetic microscopy requires detailed theoretical understanding of spectral shape and magnitude of dichroism signals. We have shown unambiguously that--contrary to common belief--spectral shape and magnitude of x ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) are not ...

In this paper we report on a new robotic arm system for fast, accurate and flexible sample manipulation for stress and texture analysis in geometrically complex engineering components on neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffractometers. A Staeubli serial six-axis robotic arm offering full six degrees of freedom for sample movement, with a spatial ...

In this study 2-dimensional plasma simulation code was used to find a new approach of x-ray detection method with PDP-like geometry and condition. A conventional PDP geometry consisted of three electrodes was selected and Ne-Xe composition gas was filled the cell-gap. Depending on incident X-ray energy, the number of charges generated within the cell-gap could be different. ...

Swift J1749.4-2807 is a transient accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars, the first that displayed X-ray eclipses. Therefore it holds a great potential for accurate mass measurements in a low mass X-ray binary system. The determination of the companion star radial velocity would make it possible to fully resolve the ...

X-ray spectroscopy in the 12 to 15 A region of L-shell lines from selected transition elements was performed in a joint Naval Research Laboratory - KMS Fusion, Inc. experiment. The accurate wavelengths determined in this work will be utilized in selecting...

X-ray spectroscopy in the 12-15 A region of L-shell lines from selected transition elements was performed in a joint Naval Research Laboratory - KMS Fusion, Inc. experiment. The accurate wavelengths determined in this work will be utilized in selecting po...

Recent work on neutron absorbing materials has produced various new X-ray diffraction powder patterns of compounds of the lanthanides. Various inconsistencies in previously published data have been noted, and accurate measurements have been made of the la...

A method for analyzing electron induced x-ray fluorescence spectra with a high degree of accuracy is presented. The method is based on fitting of complex multiplets using precalibrated peak shapes and an accurate description of global background function....

We have monitored the phase of the main X-ray pulse of the Crab pulsar with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) for almost eight years, since the start of the mission in January 1996. The absolute time of RXTE's clock is sufficiently accurate to allow ...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare setup accuracy of NovalisBody stereoscopic X-ray positioning using implanted markers in the prostate vs. bony structures in patients treated with dynamic conformal arc radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Methods and Materials: Random and systematic setup errors (RE and SE) of the isocenter with regard to the ...

This ROSAT project was based on the idea that accurate X-ray positions were needed to optically identify and hence further study the already known X-ray source population in the Magellanic Clouds. ROSAT-HRI images were obtained for a large number of previously unidentified X-ray sources in ...

It is shown that X rays can produce emission of light in air and can excite, in particular, the second positive and first negative bands of nitrogen found so prominently in the aurora.

Precise positions and optical identifications for the galactic X-ray sources 2A1822-371 (4U 1822-37)

We report on the development of position-sensitive transition-edge sensors (PoST's) for future x-ray

Soft X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy using surface sensitive Synchrotron Radiation has been applied to accurately determine the binding energy shifts and the valence band offset of the HfO2 grown on Hf metal. Charging of oxide films under x-rays (or other irradiation) is circumvented by controlled and sequential in-situ oxidation. ...

Real-time observations of transparent analog materials have provided insight, yet the results of these observations are not necessarily representative of opaque metallic systems. In order to study the detailed dynamics of the solidification process, the authors develop the technologies needed for real-time X-ray microscopy of solidifying metallic systems, which has not ...

A focal plane array of high-pressure gas scintillation proportional counters (GSPC) for a High Energy X-Ray Observatory (HERO) has been developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center. The array consists of eight GSPCs and is a part of balloon-born payload scheduled to fly in May 2004. These detectors have an active area of ~ 20 cm2 each, and are filled with a high pressure (106 ...

The sophistication of current rodent injury and disease models outpaces that of the most commonly used behavioral assays. The first objective of this study was to measure rat locomotion using high-speed x-ray video to establish an accurate baseline for rat hindlimb kinematics. The second objective was to quantify the kinematics errors due to skin movement ...

High angular resolution electron channeling X-ray spectroscopy (HARECXS) was examined as a practical tool to locate lattice-ions in spinel crystals. The orientation dependent intensity distribution of emitted X-rays obtained by HARECXS is so sensitive to lattice-ion configuration in the illuminated areas that the occupation probabilities on specific ...

In Energy Dispersive X-Ray diffraction measurements, the estimate of momentum transfer q, on which the diffracted intensity depends, should be as accurate as possible. Since q, in turn, depends on both the energy and the scattering angle, an error on the latter due to an incorrect positioning of the sample, to the asymmetric angular ...

The fundamental properties of 2-D position sensitive soft x ray sensors made of high purity silicon are investigated. The interactions that take place when electromagnetic radiation is incident upon silicon are discussed. High purity silicon soft x ray sensor arrays are theoretically ...

As a stellar X-ray source DG Tau shows two rather unusual features: A resolved X-ray jet [2] and an X-ray spectrum best described by two thermal components with different absorbing column densities, a so called �two-absorber X-ray (TAX)� morphology [1, 2]. In an effort to understand the properties of the central ...

Novel high-resolution spectrometer setups are presently commissioned for X-ray experiments at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI, Darmstadt, aiming at an accurate determination of QED corrections in the critical field limit via an accurate determination of the ground-state binding energy in a high-Z, H-like ion. Until now for H-like uranium, an ...

An accurate X-ray diffraction study of a La3Ta0.25Zr0.50Ga5.25O14 single crystal ( a = 8.2574(4) �, c = 5.1465(4) �, sp. gr. P321, Z = 1, R/ R w = 0.62/0.57% for 4144 unique reflections and 91 parameters) has been performed with a simultaneous neutron diffraction analysis. Tantalum, zirconium, and gallium atoms are found to occupy the mixed octahedral ...

The SMM Hard X-Ray Imaging Spectrometer (HXIS), DPN 578, consists of an imaging collimator and position sensitive detector ...

A multiple x-ray energy level imaging system includes a scanning x-ray beam and two detector design having a first low x-ray energy sensitive detector and a second high x-ray energy sensitive detector. The low x-ray energy detector is placed next to or in front of the high ...

A multiple x-ray energy level imaging system includes a scanning x-ray beam and two detector design having a first low x-ray energy sensitive detector and a second high x-ray energy sensitive detector. The low x-ray energy detector is placed next to or in front of the high ...

Backscatter factors are essential in the determination of radiation dose for kilovoltage X-ray beams. The accurate measurement of backscatter factors in water (B (W)) is difficult and published values are based largely on Monte Carlo calculations. A number of studies have found that the measurement of B (W) in the energy range from 50 to 300�kVp is ...

Brilliant pulsed x-ray synchrotron radiation (SR) is useful for pump-probe experiment such as time-resolved x-ray diffraction, x-ray absorption fine structure, and x-ray spectroscopy. For laser pump-SR x-ray probe experiments, short pulsed lasers are generally synchronized to the SR master oscillator controlling ...

We report the discovery of a new X-ray pulsar, XTE J1810-197, that was serendipitously discovered on 2003 July 15 by the Rossi X- Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) while observing the soft gamma repeater SGR 1806-20. The pulsar has a 5.54 s spin period, a soft X-ray spectrum (with a photon index of ~4), and is detectable ...

This position is within 0.02 arcsec of the VLA radio position, but is 1.21 arcsec from the optical afterglow position reported by Yamaoka et al. ...

The structure determination of caesium oxalate monohydrate using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder neutron diffraction data and a combination of both has been undertaken. Results show that even for hydrogen-containing materials data collected rapidly on a high-flux neutron diffractometer improve the refinement such that accurate ...

Contents: Special Issue: Accuracy Barriers of Quantitative Electron Beam X-Ray Microanalysis; Uncertainty in Quantitative Electron Probe Microanalysis; Accurate Cross Sections for Microanalysis; Optimization of Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometery An...

An analytical method development and evaluation was undertaken to provide accurate determinations of eight minor elements in low alloy steels prepared from ferrous scrap. Fluorescent x-ray spectrography was the principal method investigated. All x-ray dat...

The construction of a compact and low cost convex crystal x-ray spectrometer is described. A mica sheet of about 100 {mu}m thick is bent over a cylindrical surface to form the convex crystal. The spectrometer is expected to be able to cover the wavelength range between 1 and 19 A. This spectrometer can serve as a convenient means for obtaining a preliminary scanning of the ...

Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence was used to analyze for sulfur in oil in commercially prepared standards, NBS standards and laboratory samples. The technique of energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence for sulfur was found to be accurate, precise, and required minimal sample preparation. In addition it was non-destructive, and enabled ...

A quantitative application of microradiology with coherent X-rays to the real-time study of microbubble and microdroplet coalescence phenomena, with specific emphasis on the size relations in three-body events, is presented. The results illustrate the remarkable effectiveness of coherent X-ray imaging in delineating interfaces in multiphase systems, in ...

This study presents a two-laser alignment approach for facilitating the precise alignment of various imaging and measuring components with respect to the x-ray beam. The first laser constantly pointed to the output window of the source, in a direction parallel to the path along which the components are placed. The second laser beam, originating from the opposite direction, was calibrated to ...

We report on a first prototype 2D ?-strip germanium detector, developed at IKP-J�lich, and its performance test at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France. Beside an accurate determination of the detector response function, the polarization sensitivity has been addressed in this study. For this purpose photon beams at energies of 60 keV and 210 ...

Silicon detectors have been developed which are active to within several microns of the physical edge of the detector. These active-edge devices can be placed near an intense X-ray beam to accurately measure the X-ray beam properties. In addition, they can be fabricated in a variety of geometries that will be useful for monitoring the intensity, profile, ...

The transmitted polychromatic x-ray beam in a cross-sectional x-ray imaging system is applied to pulse-height discriminators for energy spectral analysis. Various regions of the energy spectrum are separately counted in order to provide an accurate reconstruction of the cross-sectional density which is independent of the different ...

In a spot film device, a cassette assembly for a film cassette is mounted for reciprocating in a tunnel between an X-ray exposure position and a position in which the cassette is automatically unloaded or loaded with film. Field defining masks are also mounted for translating selectively with the carriage. The masks are formed of the synthetic materials ...

Reciprocal space mapping can be efficiently carried out using a position-sensitive x-ray detector (PSD) coupled to a traditional double-axis diffractometer. The PSD offers parallel measurement of the total scattering angle of all diffracted x-rays during ...

Feb 8, 2008 ... The XMM-Newton Large-Scale Structure (XMM-LSS) X-Ray Source Catalog contains ... The main parameters considered are position, count rate, ...

Two operationally independent programs, A637 and A638, replace manual measurements of peak positions on strip charts from X-ray diffractometers and simultaneously make data corrections and supply measurements previously not available. Processed digitized ...

A variety of phenomena involves atomic motion on the femtosecond time-scale. These phenomena have been studied using ultrashort optical pulses, which indirectly probe atomic positions through changes in optical properties. Because x-rays can more directly...

The low-energy X-ray spectrum (0.15-3.0 keV) and X-ray centroid position of the supernova remnant IC

Feb 2, 2010 ... There is no known bright X-ray binary source at the detected position. At the galactic coordinates (l,b)=(354.1, 1.7), the source is likely ...

May 30, 2008 ... The catalog lists positions, count rates, fluxes, hardness ratios, and partial optical classifications of 409 X-ray point sources detected ...

The status of identifications of the Einstien Slew Survey, a bright soft x-ray catalog with 550 new x-ray sources, is discussed. Possible counterparts were found for greater than 95 percent of the Slew Survey based on positional coincidences and color-col...

The sensitivity of a Gabriel-type X-ray counter to gamma -background events is reduced by a factor of up to 40 by using a risetime discriminator on the anode signal. (ERA citation 09:024430)

The discovery of diffuse X-ray emission from the NGC 2300 group of galaxies using the ROSAT Position

Sep 3, 2010 ... SUBTOPIC TITLE: On-Orbit PNT (Positioning, Navigation, and Timing) Sensors and Components. PROPOSAL TITLE: Celestial X-ray Source ...

A microcomputer-based x-ray image analysis system to select and measure laser fusion targets is described. This system positions a photographic plate in x and y, focuses a microscope image, digitizes and extracts measurements within seconds.

A method was developed to determine the concentrations of silicon, phosphorus, chromium, manganese, nickel, and molybdenum in low alloy steels by using wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometry. This method incorporates the use of a 24-position sample caro...

We list the materials that are anticipated to be placed into the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beam line, their positions, and the absorbed dose, and compare this dose with anticipated damage thresholds.

of the visual binary a Gem (= Castor A+B). Each component ... detect a source at the position of Castor A, but not at Castor B. Our X-ray observations ...

BACKGROUND:: Nasal bone is frequently involved in craniofacial trauma. We sought to investigate the role of conductor-assisted nasal sonography (CANS) in patients with nasal trauma. METHODS:: In all, 71 patients sustaining midfacial trauma who underwent CANS examination with simultaneous facial computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) image-fusion-guided target localization system and a mask based stereotactic system for fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) of cranial lesions. A commercial x-ray image guidance system originally developed for extracranial radiosurgery was used for FSRT of ...

-1305, Japan ABSTRACT The Focusing Optics x-ray Solar Imager (FOXSI) is a sounding rocket payload funded under the NASA Low Cost Access to Space program to test hard x-ray focusing optics and position-sensitive solid-incidence x-ray focusing optics combined with position-sensitive solid state ...

The picture above represents a next-generation X-ray telescope called ... to measure accurately the motions of gas around normal stars and near black holes. ...

... Abstract : This geometric model is a prerequisite for development of accurate electroanatomic models of he implanted cochlea, and may help ...

Jun 19, 2006 ... X-ray Astronomy needs in-flight calibration sources - astronomical ... Since there are no accurate measurements of line intensities yet, ...

... usually have no side effects in the diagnostic range. Risks There is always a slight chance of cancer from excessive exposure to radiation. However, the benefit of an accurate diagnosis far ...

... CsI has a k- edge at approximately 33 and 36 ... for digital mammography, where x-ray beams as ... be accurate, k-fluorescence re-absorption needs to ...

Optical, soft x-ray, and medium energy x-ray measurements taken during an unusual high state of AM Her are reported. The x-ray and secondary optical minima disappeared from the light curve. The x-ray flux varied periodically. In each x-ray band, the flux during the expected phase of minimum was approximately the same as the average ...

Purpose: For cranial patients receiving stereotactic radiotherapy, we use the Exactrac stereoscopic X-ray system to optimize patient positioning. Patients are immobilized with the BrainLAB Mask System (BrainLAB, Feldkirchen, Germany). We have developed an adapter to this system that accommodates a vacuum mouth piece (VMP). Measurements with the Exactrac ...