The initiation phase of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) is a challenging and demanding process that can result in adverse event such as bleeding. Dosing is influenced by a variety of acquired factors, while another factor that is associated with the optimal dose is the presence of certain genetic variants. We describe a 73�years old male who required ...

This study aimed at investigating the contribution of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic polymorphisms to inter-individual variability of acenocoumarol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in Black Africans from Benin. Fifty-one healthy volunteers were genotyped for VKORC1 1173C>T polymorphism. All of the subjects had previously been genotyped for CYP2C9*5, CYP2C9*6, CYP2C9*8, ...

Managing treatment with vitamin K antagonists, the prothrombin time (PT), expressed as international normalized ratio (INR), may not represent the INR during the entire 24 hour (h) period, and this variation may be different between long-acting phenprocoumon and short-acting acenocoumarol. For both drugs we investigated the variation in 24 h of the PT/INR, the consequencesfor ...

The authors assessed the impact of CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, and/or VKORC1-1639G>A/1173C>T single-nucleotide polymorphisms on oral anticoagulants in a Lebanese population. This study recruited 231 Lebanese participants on long-term warfarin or acenocoumarol maintenance therapy with an international normalized ratio (INR) monitored at the American University of Beirut Medical ...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and healthcare resource utilization of long-term treatment with tinzaparin in symptomatic patients with acute pulmonary embolism as compared to standard therapy. In this open-label trial, 102 patients with objectively confirmed pulmonary embolism were randomized to receive, after initial treatment with tinzaparin, either ...

Vitamin K antagonists belong to the group of most frequently used drugs worldwide. They are used for long-term anticoagulation therapy, and exhibit their anticoagulant effect by inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase. Each drug exists in two different enantiomeric forms and is administered orally as a racemate. The use of vitamin K antagonists is complicated by a narrow therapeutic index and an ...

Aims Polymorphisms in CYP2C9 and VKORC1 influence patients' phenprocoumon (PHE) and acenocoumarol (ACE) dose requirements. To provide physicians with tools to estimate the patient's individual dose, we aimed to develop algorithms for PHE and ACE. Methods and results In two Dutch anticoagulation clinics, data on age, sex, height, ...

Coumarin derivatives, including warfarin, acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon, are the drugs of choice for long-term treatment and prevention of thromboembolic events. The management of oral anticoagulation is challenging because of a large variability in the dose-response relationship, which is in part caused by genetic polymorphisms. The narrow therapeutic ...

1. To explain the large differences in (the stereoselectivity of) the clearances of the enantiomers of warfarin and acenocoumarol (4'-nitrowarfarin) their human liver microsomal metabolism has been studied and enzyme kinetic parameters determined. The effects of cimetidine, propafenone, sulphaphenazole, and omeprazole on their metabolism has been investigated. 2. The ...

1. To explain the large differences in (the stereoselectivity of) the clearances of the enantiomers of warfarin and acenocoumarol (4'-nitrowarfarin) their human liver microsomal metabolism has been studied and enzyme kinetic parameters determined. The effects of cimetidine, propafenone, sulphaphenazole, and omeprazole on their metabolism has been investigated. 2. The ...

The history of the traditional anticoagulants is marked by both perseverance and serendipity. The anticoagulant effect of heparin was discovered by McLean in 1915, while he was searching for a procoagulant in dog liver. Link identified dicumarol from spoiled sweet clover hay in 1939 as the causal agent of the sweet clover disease, a hemorrhagic disorder in cattle. Hirudin extracts from the ...

OBJECTIVES: To establish how aware Belgian emergency physicians are of common treatment costs and radiation doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a questionnaire survey on a voluntary basis, 60 emergency physicians from four universities and four district hospitals were asked to estimate treatment costs and radiation doses involved in the management of a ...

... Title : BASE SURGE RADIOACTIVITY FROM UNDERWATER SHOTS WAHOO AND UMBRELLA (DOSES, DOSE RATES, DIMENSIONS, AND ...

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the identification and quantification of anticoagulant (anti-vitamin K or AVK) compounds, including rodenticides, drugs, and natural products because no published method could be found. The proposed method is based on ion-trap technology with electrospray ...

Radiation dose to the bladder is calculated based on mathematical models of the bladder for several volumes. Topics covered include: the bladder model; activity in the bladder; dose from photons; results for photon dose; and surface dose from electrons and beta particles. 2 figs, 1 ...

A method for the calculation of the dose field of electron irradiation in homogeneous medium is examined. The method is based on the summation of the dose distribution of infinitely narrow beams. (JSR)

... trial, and doses were estimated based on the beam current setting of the accelerator. For each dose, the ... ...

Ground based solar proton monitoring, considering particle intensities and radiation dose rates from

List of drugs that may have potential CYP1A2 interactions CYP1A2 Substrates Acenocoumarol Aminophylline Betaxolol Caffeine Clomipramine Clozapine Cyclobenzaprine Dacarbazine Doxepin Duloxetine Estradiol Estrogens, conjugated (synthetic) Estrogens,

Treatment with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) has to be interrupted when invasive procedures are planned. We compared various methods of interruption in patients on acenocoumarol or phenprocoumon in a prospective study. In patients on acenocoumarol (n = 141), 99 stopped three days before the intervention and 42 stopped two days before. All patients on ...

... in recommended dosing regimen, the data need to provide evidence that the consequences of switching from BSA- based to weight-based dosing and from TID to BID ...

Jan 22, 2011 ... Title: Dose measurement based on threshold shift in MOSFET arrays in commercial SRAMS. Authors: Scheick, L.Z.. Swift, G. ...

Dose Measurement based on Threshold Shift in MOSFET arrays in Commercial SRAMS .... insensitive to the small shifts induced by low level exposures. ...

... it is proposed to test simple dose rate and total dose radia- ... �Constraint ... nations based on constraints created in different levels of the configuration ...

The current status for estimation of 'safe doses' in carcinogenic experiments is examined. After considering various definitions of safe doses, a method of standardizing safe doses based on some objective parameters is introduced; and a procedure of estim...

Radiation doses to individuals were estimated for the years 1944-1992. The dose estimates were based on the radioactive-releases from the Hanford Site in south central Washington. Conceptual models and computer codes were used to reconstruct doses through...

The methods are discussed of measuring dose rate or dose using a scintillation counter. A plastic scintillator based on polystyrene with PBD and POPOP activators and coated with ZnS(Ag) was chosen for the projected monitor. The scintillators were cylindri...

Statistical analyses of data from epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to radiation have been based on recorded annual radiation doses (yearly dose of record). It is usually assumed that the dose values are known exactly, although it is generally reco...

The radiation risk to astronauts has always been based on measurements using passive thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). The skin dose is converted to dose equivalent using an average radiation quality factor based on model calculations. The radiological...

We are developing a biologically based dose response (BBDR) model for arsenic carcinogenicity in order to reduce uncertainty in estimates of low dose risk by maximizing the use of relevant data on the mode of action. Expert consultation and literature review are being conducted t...

The base current in modern bipolar transistors saturates at large total doses once a critical oxide charge is reached. The saturated value of base current is dose-rate independent. Testing implications are discussed.

The maximum dose rate being delivered to the base of the bladder during intracavitary therapy was assessed in 20 patients by CAT scanning during treatment. This value was compared with the I.C.R.U. bladder reference point dose rate calculated from lateral radiographs taken after insertion. The ratio of the maximum bladder ...

Studies of the structure of particle tracks have led to models of track effects based on radial dose

... limit of human butyrylcholinesterase dose required for protection against organophosphates toxicity: a mathematically based toxicokinetic model. ...

Development of a GPU-based Monte Carlo dose calculation code for coupled electron�photon transport�3086 doi:10.1088/0031-9155/55/11/006 Development of a GPU-based Monte Carlo dose calculation code report our recent development on a GPU-based Monte Carlo dose calculation ...

the accuracy of CTDIorgan dose conversion factors, rather than as a replacement for CTDI measurements. TLDs of computed tomography dose index to effective dose con- version factors based on measurement of the doseLetter to the Editor Is it time to retire the CTDI for CT quality assurance and ...

Regulatory Cancer Risk Assessment Based on a Quick Estimate of a Benchmark Dose Derived from The proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency carcinogen risk assessment guidelines employ a benchmark dose as a point of departure (POD) for low-dose risk assessment. If information on the carci- nogenic mode

However, market based pricing doses not apply where the pricing .... the reimbursable work, market based pricing does not apply. 040202. ...

Dose in radiation therapy is traditionally reported as the water-equivalent dose, or dose to water. Monte Carlo dose calculations report dose to medium and thus a methodology is needed to convert dose to medium into dose to water (or vice versa) for ...

Dose in radiation therapy is traditionally reported as the water-equivalent dose, or dose to water. Monte Carlo dose calculations report dose to medium and thus a methodology is needed to convert dose to medium into dose to water (or vice versa) for ...

Dec 21, 2007 ... Validation of daily erythemal doses from Ozone Monitoring Instrument with ground -based UV measurement data . J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS. ...

... select a method to cumulate dose or exposures. ... on the component-based dose addition methods ... methods, a margin of exposure (MOE) approach ...

is to determine the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of a three-dose regimen of an adenovirus-based HIV-1 vaccine in healthy South African adults. Condition Intervention Phase...

A patient-specific optimally effective radiation dose for administration of a radiopharmaceutical to a patient for treatment of a disease may be established by basing the calculation of the appropriate therapeutic dose on factors such as the desired total...

the technical basis for assignment of Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant internal doses based on coworker bioassay data. Approved: July 29, 2005 External Coworker Dosimetry...

the technical basis for assignment of Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant internal doses based on coworker bioassay data. Approved: September 20, 2005 External Coworker...

This document presents the high level functions and requirements for the 105 K-East Basin Dose Reduction Project.

proton and gamma irradiation. " biased and unbiased total dose irradiations ... atypical proton-gamma correlation, low dose instability in SEE response and ...

... dosimeters for X rays in the 1�50 MeV range be calibrated in terms of absorbed dose to ... ...

... side chain units. Based on the density of staining, un- antiserum (Figure 5d). ... high doses of ionizing radiation. We identified the imlnuno- ...

Mar 1, 2011... dose, and dose equivalent in organs of interest for SPE spectra typical of ... The TIGER results were considered to be accurate based on ...

A procedure is described for determining the radiation dose in a frozen, irradiated whole egg. The procedure is based on the determination of aldehydes. (C.H.)

reactor shielding can be determined for either instrument-rated dose constraints using RSMASS, or crew-rated dose constraints, based on curve fits of ...

For ionizing radiation, absorbed dose is defined as the energy imparted per unit mass of an infinitesimal volume. While straightforward to define, absorbed dose is somewhat more difficult to measure or infer. There is growing attention to the uncertainty in values of absorbed dose and its derivative quantities such as equivalent ...

Prostate Cancer; Interstitial Radiation; High Dose Rate Brachytherapy; Ultrasound-based Planning Compared to CT-based Planning

Current guidelines for limiting exposure of humans to ionizing radiation are based on the linear-no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis for radiation carcinogenesis under which cancer risk increases linearly as the radiation dose increases. With the LNT model even a very small dose could cause cancer and the model is used in establishing ...

Dose assessment in internal dosimetry needs computational and interpretative tools that allow carrying out, as a first step, an evaluation of intake on the base of bioassay measurements or WBC measurements, and as a second step, dose evaluation on the bas...

This report describes an alarming ''pocket'' monitor/dosimeter, based on a tissue-equivalent proportional counter, that measure both neutron and gamma dose and determines dose equivalent for the mixed radiation field. This report details the operation of ...

SHEDS-Wood (Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation Model for Wood Preservatives) is a physically-based stochastic model that was developed to quantify exposure and dose of children to wood preservatives on treated playsets and residential decks. Probabilistic inputs are co...

Tables of radiation dose estimates based on the Cristy-Eckerman adult male phantom are provided for a number of radiopharmaceuticals commonly used in nuclear medicine. Radiation dose estimates are listed for all major source organs, and several other orga...

the technical basis to allow Dose Reconstructors (Health Physicists) to assign doses to certain workers at the K-25 site who have no or limited monitoring data, based on...

The methods determining the superficial absorbed dose distributions in a water phantom by experiments and available theories are reported. The distributions of beta dose were measured by an extrapolation ionization chamber at definite depths corresponding...

The proposed revision to USNRC 10 CFR 20 and the USDOE Order 5480.11 require intakes of radioactive material to be evaluated. Radiation dose limits are based on the sum of effective dose equivalent from intakes and the whole body dose from external source...

Dose profiles throughout the front-end building and the accelerator tunnel were calculated for the SNS linac system both for normal operation and after shut down of the facility based on normal operations beam losses. The calculated dose levels at a cylin...

It is noted that to design a neutron dose meter of high sensitivity is almost impossible in the frame of traditional designing principle--'absorption net principle'. Based on a newly proposed principle of obtaining neutron dose equi-biological effect adju...

...RESEARCH AND RELATED ACTIVITIES METHODS FOR CONDUCTING DOSE RECONSTRUCTION...exposure environment. Then methods are applied to translate...the workers. A hierarchy of methods is used in a dose reconstruction...values based on reasonable and scientific assumptions may be...

...add this to the total dose estimate. For monitoring...estimate a claimant's dose based on interpolation...nondetectable values in radiation exposure measurements. Cincinnati...the minimum detectable dose for routine internal...