... Accession Number : AD0312202. Title : DEVELOPMENT OF DETONATOR DELAY T-91 FOR ARMY 30MM FUZE. Corporate ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... been recorded in the diet1. Terrestrial A small police outpost was established on the island in 1969. ... 40 birds, but given its high levels of recruitment, this is probably not a serious threat, t...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
M P R Mammalian Phosphorylation Resource Cataloging 1598 antibodies, 1039 phophorylation sites, and 442 proteins. Presented by the Center for Cancer Research Home Companies BLAST PKC Scan Related About Anti-phospho-jun - Summary: S63,S73,T91,T93 mpr_proteins Resources
Cancer.gov
Page 1. THIS REPORT HA$ BEEN DELIMITED AND C',LEARED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE UNDERDOD DIRECTIVE 5200.20 AND ...
Page 1. -T-91-264 A DA 237 622 Propagation of Regional Seismic Phases in Western Europe X. Bouchon H. Campillo St. ...
13 Oct 2010 ... En ambientes de muy baja gravedad, en cambio, no se necesita ning?n ... hechas de aleaci?n de titanio, vidrio met?lico, y acero inoxidable. ...
NASA Website
The publication presents the papers delivered in a workshop about trials and selection of the steels and their thermal treatments for stamping industry.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
... including a direct microscopic examination and sodium nitrate flotation, completed during quarantine in May 2002 were negative ... negative for acid-fast staining organisms. Four fecal flotation examinati...
Initial Environmental Impact Assessment. 1991. J.M. Acero, J.L. Agraz, C.A. Aguirre and J. Plotz. Instituto Antartico Argentino and Alfred Wegener Institut ...
-- 116. Bhattachary, D. 1998. Enviromental values: a critical ap� praisal of cost�benefit analysis
E-print Network
Environmental impact assessment associated with the salvage operation of the ... Initial Environmental Impact Assessment. 1991. J.M. Acero, J.L. Agraz, C.A. ...
grant (FA9550-04-1-0117), an AFRL grant via Veridian and an NSF grant (IIS-0534707). We thank A. Acero
The purpose of the publication is to explain in an easy way the traditional process of steel manufacturing, and to promote the interest of the foundrymen working without large investment.
Many tropical fruits are rich in anthocyanins, though limited information is available about the characterization and quantification of these anthocyanins. The identification of anthocyanin pigments in four tropical fruits was determined by ion trap mass spectrometry. Fruits studied included acero...
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Page 1. AD-A255 863 DOT/FA°� I�T91/17 Bird Ingestion into Large ... 5. Report fote May 1992 BIRD INGESTION INTO LARGE TURBOFAN ENGINES ...
can be included in modeling the language (Wang, 2000; Erdogan et al., 2002). In this article, we accuracy may indeed be two very different businesses after all. References Erdogan H. Sarikaya R. Gao Y
13 Oct 2010 ... El acero inoxidable es una aleaci?n (mezcla de hierro, n?quel y cromo), as? como lo es la mayor parte de la orfebrer?a (oro y n?quel). ...
In order to protect carbon steel of towers and piping of a GS experimental heavy water plant against corrosion produced by the action of aqueous solutions of hydrogen sulphide, a method, elsewhere published, was developed. Carbon steel exposed to saturate...
In order to protect carbon steel towers and piping of Girlder sulfide (G.S.) experimental heavy water plants against corrosion produced by the action of aqueous solutions of hydrogen sulfides, a method, previously published, was developed. Carbon steel, e...
The Atlas summarizes the experience of almost two decades of applied research in the siderurgical industry (IAS-CNEA joint agreements), by means of hot torsion test to evaluate the hot workability in steels through ductility properties and the formation s...
Within the framework of the development of low activation structural materials to be used in nuclear fusion reactors four martensitic Fe-9,5 Cr alloys were conceived with different contentsof tungsten-tantalum and/or germanium as substitutions for Mo, Ni,...
Ion nitriding is a glow discharge process that is used to induce surface modification in metals. It has been applied to 316-L austenitic stainless steel looking for similar benefits already obtained in other steels. An austenitic stainless steel was selec...
The relationship between the degree of sensitization and the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel has been reported since long time, however this relationship does not account for all the experimental results reported on the literature. The ...
The main objective of the work was to determine the most common defects occuring in tool steels of the AISI D-2, S-1, 0-1 and W-2 series during thermal treatment. Defects were evaluated by metallographic analyses, a method used to determine and recognize ...
This is a theoretical-experimental laboratory study on the Electroslag Remelting Technology (ESRT) of high quality steels. The objective of this study was to analyze the problems that this technology entails and thus facilitate its industrial application ...
Maraging steel fabrication process metallurgy and cost effectiveness were investigated. Experimental melts were carried out in an induction furnace under argon atmosphere, and alternatively with vacuum remelting or direct induction melting under vacuum. A...
In this work, metallic coatings of nickel was made over carbon steel using two different electrolytic solutions: The Watts's bath and the nickel sulfamate bath, using a pulse variable current. The method use was the traditional method, its means a thermos...
The experimental study focused on the behavior of six different steels, of approximately 0.35% C and various contents of Cr, Ni, and Mo. Each of these steels were tested in order to determine its fatigue limit to 10 million cycles, in 5 different states (...
Sensitization is a cause of corrosion that has been widely studied in austenitic steels; however, the relationship between sensitization and mechanical properties of steel is less known. Therefore, the objective of this work is to study the mechanical pro...
Telemetry Systems, Isanti, MN, USA; Holohil Systems, Carp, ON, Canada). All radios were attached ventrally-knobbed hornbill Aceros cassidix during the non-breeding season. � In: Poonswad, P. (ed.), The Asian hornbills
The intergranular stress cracking of welded joints of austenitic stainless steel, AISI 304, is a serious problem in BWR type reactors. It is associated with the simultaneous presence of three factors; stress, a critical media and sensibilization (DOS). EP...
Corrosion susceptibility under stress of AISI 304 steel sensitized in a sodium thiocyanate solution has been studied and results were compared with those obtained with solutions of thiosulfate and tetrathionate. Sensitized steel type 304 is highly suscept...
The relationship between: microstructure-heat treatment, microstructure-mechanical properties, microstructure-corrosion resistance make that the study of the microstructure of metals and alloys be a powerful tool either in technical-scientific research as...
With this work it is demonstrated the possibility of performing the nitriding process by using a CVD-ECR source, based on the results obtained after treating several samples of AISI H-12 steel. Also, the main operating parameters (time of treatment, sampl...
The peak stress and the steady state values for free cutting, carbon and alloyed steels deformed at high temperatures were obtained in this paper as a result of two regressions. With these data and the peak deformation values obtained in a former work, st...
Phosphate coatings are inorganic crystalline deposits laid down uniformly on properly prepared surfaces by a chemical reaction with the treated base metal. The reaction consists in dissolving some surface metal by acid attack and then causing surface neut...
'anodo de carb'on, reaccionando con 'el y produciendo di'oxido de carbono (ver [8]). En los ' ultimos a aislantes. Contiene un c'atodo formado por un bloque de carb'on atravesado por una barra de acero en cuyo
ObjectiveThe post-translational regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH-1), the rate-limiting enzyme for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, remains elusive. Here, we identified specific phosphorylation sites on GCH-1 and characterized the function of these sites.Methods and ResultsMass spectrometry studies showed overexpressed rat GCH-1 was phosphorylated at serine (S) 51, S167 and threonine (T) ...
PubMed Central
Two superheater tubes fabricated from T91 were removed for evaluation after 130,000 hours service. Regions of interest included a hot section that replaced type 321 stainless steel, dissimilar welds to type 321 stainless steel safe ends, and cold bends. T...
or her silence or absence. Failure to respond may result in the hearing proceeding solely on the basis with administering this process will endeavor to meet all deadlines, but failure to do so will not prevent) for having that deadline waived. If a respondent fails to answer a charge or to participate in a hearing, his
...T62Reverse osmosis T63Solvent recovery T64Stripping T65Sand...T66Other (specify) (d)Biological Treatment T67Activated...Furnace T90Pulping Liquor Recovery Furnace T91Combustion Device Used in the Recovery of Sulfur Values From...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010
...T62Reverse osmosis T63Solvent recovery T64Stripping T65Sand...T66Other (specify) (d)Biological Treatment T67Activated...Furnace T90Pulping Liquor Recovery Furnace T91Combustion Device Used in the Recovery of Sulfur Values from...
...Applicability to part 85, subpart T. 91.903 Section 91...Applicability to part 85, subpart T. (a) Marine SI engines...specified in 40 CFR Part 85, subpart T, except for the items set forth...and Part 86 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations�...
This paper is part of a series which corresponds to the carbon steel behaviour as construction material for Girlder sulfide (G.S.) heavy water plants. The present work analyses the iron concentration study during passivation in the passivating fluid. At t...
In heavy water plants that use the bithermal exchange H(sub 2)S-H(sub 2)O, a protective scale against corrosion is formed by the action of a solution of H(sub 2)S at high temperature for a tile between 10 to 14 days. Exposure to humid air during plant shu...
In order to protect carbon steel towers and piping of a GS experimental heavy water plant against corrosion produced by the action of aqueous solutions of hydrogen sulphide, a method, elsewhere published, was developed. Carbon steel exposed to saturated a...
The passivation on carbon steels, in particular ASTM A 516 Degree 60 and ASTM A 333 steels is made, submitting it to the action of H(sub 2)S/H(sub 2)O(sup 1,2) corrosive medium. The steel is rapidly corroded by H(sub 2)S in aqueous solution, forming iron ...
In order to protect carbon steel towers and piping of Girlder sulfide (G.S.) experimental heavy water plants against corrosion produced by the action of aqueous solutions of hydrogen sulfide, a method, previously published, was developed. Carbon steel, ex...
An ASTM A 516 degree 60 carbon steel superficial protection technique submitted to a hydrogen-water sulfide corrosive medium at 2 MPa of pressure and 40-125 deg C forming on itself an iron sulfide layer was tested. Studies on pH influence, temperature, pa...
This work describes the assays aimed to passivate the steel carbon of the process pipings. This steel is marked by the ASTM A 333 G6 and is chemically similar to those of isotopic exchange towers which corrode in contact with in-water hydrogen sulfide sol...
de la meteorizaci�n de una balsa de residuos pir�ticos Patricia Acero Salazar #12;Estructura del proyecto Evoluci�n flujo y transporte reactivo en zona no saturada de balsas de residuos pir�ticos residuo (Tailings) Presa Capa agua anti-oxidaci�nEvaporaci�n O2 Tongadas sucesivas #12;O2 #12;Objetivos del
would require low B-field (magnetic field damping after ... VHE �-rays. H.E.S.S. prelim. HESS VHE excess map. XMM map (2-4.5 keV) smoothed to HESS PSF preliminary ... B&W map: ATCA 1.4 GHz. Tian et al., ApJ 2008. Color map: H.E.S.S. �-ray excess ... Matching increase in absorption derived from 12CO observations ...
The susceptibility of a 17-4PH type steel to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) in low pressure steam turbine environments was assessed using slow strain rate test at 90 Centigrade and at 1.35x10(sup -6) seg(sup -1). Environments tested included different co...
The most common and plesiomorphic mechanism of food transport in tetrapods is lingual-based. Neognathous birds use this mechanism for exploiting a large diversity of food resources, whereas paleognathous birds use cranioinertial mechanism with or without tongue involvement. Food transport in three hornbills' species (Aceros cassidix, A. undulatus, and Buceros hydrocorax) is ...
PubMed
A ferritic steel T91 and an oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) martensitic steel 9Cr-ODS were irradiated with 5 MeV Ni ions at 500 C at a dose rate of 1.38x10{sup -3} dpa/s to doses of 5, 50 and 150 dpa. Both alloys are iron-based with 9Cr and have been designed for use in higher temperature energy systems. However, the radiation effects on these two ...
Energy Citations Database
In order to investigate helium effects on the fracture properties of martensitic mod 9Cr 1Mo (T91) steel, miniature Charpy specimens were implanted at 250 �C in the notch region to 0.25 at.% helium using a degraded 34 MeV 3He ion beam and subsequently submitted to static bending tests at room temperature. For the six implanted specimens, a �pop-in� ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Advanced ferritic/martensitic steels are being used extensively in fossil energy applications. New steels such as 2 1/4Cr-W-V (T23, T24), 3Cr-W-V, 9Cr-Mo-V (T91), 7Cr-W-V, 9Cr-W-V (T92 and T911), and 12Cr-W-V (T122, SAVE 12, and NF12) are examples of tubi...
the oxide film formation on the steel surface even after short exposure to air. This explains the difficulty oxide-free T91 steel specimens to evaluate the intrinsic embrittling character of the "T91/Pb-Bi" couple-service steel protection. A stable oxide growth is not only important for corrosion protection but also
As complement to the experiences on carbon steel passivation for its use in G.S. (Girlder sulfide) heavy water production plants, the results herein obtained are given, processing the material with a saturated solution at 2.3 MPa of full pressure and 125 ...
Corrosion behavior of the F-M (ferritic-martensitic) steels (T91, T92, T122) and Fe-base ODS (oxide dispersion strengthened) alloy (MA956{sup TM}) were evaluated in an aerated (8 ppm D.O.) SCW (supercritical water) at the temperature range between 300 and 627 deg C under 25 MPa. In aerated SCW the weight change of the F-M steel specimens became greater as ...
The oxidation behavior of ferritic martensitic (F M) alloys in supercritical water (SCW) was studied in order to evaluate the suitability of these alloys for use in the Gen IV supercritical water reactor (SCWR) concept. A series of exposure tests in SCW were performed with three F M alloys: T91, HCM12A, and HT-9. The effect of temperature was evaluated ...
Structural stabilities of myoglobin (Mb) from several tuna fish species significantly differ from each other, although the amino acid sequence identities are very high (>95%), suggesting that limited number of substitutions greatly affect the stability of Mb. To address this hypothesis, attempts were made to elaborate recombinant tuna Mbs with point mutations on the different residues among ...
T91 grade steels showed a gradual enhancement in tensile ductility at ambient temperature due to an increase in Si content from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent (wt.%). However, the ultimate tensile strength was reduced only above 1.5 wt.% Si. The corrosion potential became more active in an acidic solution with increasing temperature. The cracking susceptibility ...
Hydrogen embrittlement behaviour of the reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels, Eurofer'97 and VS3104, has been compared to that of the conventional alloy T91, by means of constant extension rate tests run under dynamic electrochemical charging. Charged versus uncharged reduction of specimen area ratios at rupture were taken as the most ...
A pack cementation process was developed to coat commercial 9% Cr ferritic-martensitic steel T91 at temperatures below its normal tempering temperature to avoid any potential detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the coated alloy. In order to prevent the formation of Fe{sub 2}Al{sub 5} coatings, the Al activity in the pack cementation process ...
Two superheater tubes fabricated from T91 were removed for evaluation after 130,000 hours service. Regions of interest included a hot section that replaced type 321 stainless steel, dissimilar welds to type 321 stainless steel safe ends, and cold bends. The evaluation consisted of metallography, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and precipitate ...
DOE Information Bridge
Martensitic T91 grade steels exhibited a susceptibility to dynamic strain aging (DSA) by virtue of gradually reduced failure strain (ef) and formation of serrations within a susceptible temperature range, irrespective of the silicon (Si) content. Since DSA is a thermally-activated process involving diffusion of solute elements, the effects of temperature ...
Advanced cladding materials are being considered for high-temperature applications in Generation IV reactors (e.g. T91, ODS steels). These materials provide better mechanical properties (e.g., creep strength) at these higher temperatures than the more commonly employed cladding steels (e.g., HT-9). However, consideration must also be given to other ...
Charpy impact tests were performed on martensitic/ferritic (MF) steels T91, F82H, Optifer-V and Optimax-A/-C irradiated in SINQ Target-3 up to 7.5 dpa and 500 appm He in a temperature range of 120 195 �C. Results demonstrate that for all the four kinds of steels, the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) increases with irradiation dose. The ...
The organization of Tables 3-6 with calculated rates for 24 different values of T9 is extremely simple - all data are in 8 columns. The columns give, in this order, the target element, the atomic mass number A of the target, the temperature in T9, partition function of the target, neutron-induced fission rate for the ground state, neutron-induced fission rate with thermally populated target ...
New developments with bainite have resulted in a steel with an ultimate tensile strength of 1.7-2.5 GPa and a toughness in excess of 30-40 MPa m1/2. The novel microstructure is generated in a high carbon high silicon steel isothermally transformed at temperatures of 200 C-350 C. Iron does not diffuse during the transformation to bainite at this low temperature. As a result, 20-40 nm thick plates ...
A liquid bridge is a mass of liquid sustained by the action of the surface tension force between two parallel supporting disks Apart from their basic scientific interest a liquid bridge can be considered as the simplest idealization of the configuration appearing in the floating zone technique used for crystal growth and purification of high melting point materials footnote Messeguer et al emph ...
Schwertmannite, an iron oxyhydroxide sulfate nanomineral, plays a significant role in the geochemistry of acid mine drainage (AMD) as a metastable phase with respect to goethite and by retaining toxic metals, e.g. arsenic [1]. Schwertmannite�s characteristic morphology is needles 100-300 nm long and only 5-10 nm in diameter extending from a dense aggregate. The poorly-and nano-crystalline nature ...
Research into daily physical activity (PA) patterns of older adults (>or=70 years) has primarily relied on self-report. This study used accelerometry, an objective measure of minute-by-minute movement, to assess PA volume and intensity performed by older adults recruited to the Better Ageing project. Results were used to estimate the degree to which current health recommendations for PA were ...
Advanced ferritic/martensitic steels are being used extensively in fossil energy applications. New steels such as 2 1/4Cr-W-V (T23, T24), 3Cr-W-V, 9Cr-Mo-V (T91), 7Cr-W-V, 9Cr-W-V (T92 and T911), and 12Cr-W-V (T122, SAVE 12, and NF12) are examples of tubing being used in boilers and heat recovery steam generators (1). Other products for these new steels ...
A spallation source materials program has been developed to irradiate and test candidate materials (Inconel 718, 316L and 304L stainless steel, modified 9Cr-1Mo(T91), Al6061-T6, Al5052-O) for use in the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) target and blanket in prototypic proton and neutron fluxes at prototypic temperatures. The study uses the 800 MeV, ...
The objective of the system design and analysis task of the Conceptual Design of Oxygen-Based PC Boiler study is to optimize the PC boiler plant by maximizing system efficiency. Simulations of the oxygen-fired plant with CO{sub 2} sequestration were conducted using Aspen Plus and were compared to a reference air-fired 460 Mw plant. Flue gas recycle is used in the O{sub 2}-fired PC to control the ...
c-Jun is an oncogenic transcription factor involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. We have previously reported that cell transformations induced by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and c-Ha-ras oncogene, commonly activated in various cancer cells, are associated with constitutively increased phosphorylation of c-Jun on Ser residues 63 and 73. In the present ...
Major accomplishments of this project were the following: 1) Radiation induced depletion of Cr occurs in alloy D9, in agreement with that observed in austenitic alloys. 2) In F-M alloys, Cr enriches at PAG grain boundaries at low dose (<7 dpa) and at intermediate temperature (400°C) and the magnitude of the enrichment decreases with temperature. 3) Cr enrichment decreases with dose, ...
Major accomplishments of this project were the following: 1) Radiation induced depletion of Cr occurs in alloy D9, in agreement with that observed in austenitic alloys. 2) In F-M alloys, Cr enriches at PAG grain boundaries at low dose (<7 dpa) and at intermediate temperature (400�C) and the magnitude of the enrichment decreases with temperature. 3) Cr enrichment decreases with dose, ...
Strains C23T and HBSQ001 were isolated from solar salterns and are novel square-shaped, aerobic, extremely halophilic members of the domain Archaea and family Halobacteriaceae. Cells stained Gram-negative and grew optimally in media containing 18 % salts at around neutral pH. Mg2+ is not required. The DNA G+C content of both isolates was 46.9 mol% and DNA-DNA cross-hybridization showed a ...
A novel halophilic archaeon, strain KeC-11(T), was isolated from a seawater aquarium at the Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan. The strain was aerobic, Gram-negative and chemo-organotrophic, growing optimally at 37 �C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in 2.7 M (16?%) NaCl. The strain required at least 10 mM magnesium ions for growth. Cells of strain KeC-11(T) were non-motile and generally ...
A novel facultatively anaerobic bacterium was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample at a depth of 247 meter below seafloor (mbsf) off the Shimokita Peninsula of Japan in the northwestern Pacific Ocean (Site C9001: 1180 m in water depth). Cells of strain JAM-BA0501T were Gram negative, filamentous, non-spore-forming and motile on solid medium by gliding. Phylogenetic analysis based on ...
Modified 9Cr-1Mo ferritic-martensitic steel (T91) has been extensively investigated as a structural material for GenIV nuclear reactors and Accelerator Driven Transmutation systems. One attractive characteristic of this steel in these applications is its superior radiation damage tolerance in comparison to typical austenitic stainless steels such as 316L. ...
BackgroundAlthough nowaday it is broadly accepted that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may undergo recombination, the frequency of such recombination remains controversial. Its estimation is not straightforward, as recombination under homoplasmy (i.e., among identical mt genomes) is likely to be overlooked. In species with tandem duplications of large mtDNA fragments the detection of recombination can ...
An ultrasupercritical (USC) boiler with higher steam temperature and pressure is expected to increase the efficiency of the coal-fired power plant and also decrease emissions of air pollutants. Ferritic/martensitic alloys have been developed with good creep strength for the key components in coal-fired USC plants. However, they typically suffer excessive steam-side oxidation, which contributes to ...
Two novel strains, GR20-10(T) and GR20-13(T), were isolated from soil using R2A medium. The soil sample was collected from a field in the Yeongju region of Korea that was cultivated with Korean ginseng. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains formed a cluster with several uncultured bacterial clones and with Flexibacter filiformis, Flexibacter sancti, ...
Seismicity rate changes can result from both natural and man-made causes. It is important to differentiate them as much as possible in order to identify the meaningful and real rate changes in seismicity studies [Habermann, et al. (1987), BSSA 77, 141-159 & JGR 92, 9446-9450; Matthews and Reasenberg (1987), JGR 92, 9443-9445]. Man-made changes could be caused by transitions in the operation ...
A novel strictly anaerobic, moderately halophilic and mesophilic bacterium, designated strain SOL3f37(T), was isolated from a hydrocarbon-polluted soil surrounding a deep petroleum environment located in south Tunisia. Cells of strain SOL3f37(T) stained Gram-positive and were motile, straight and spore-forming. Strain SOL3f37(T) had a typical Gram-positive-type cell-wall structure, unlike the ...
Coal is presently the world's primary fuel for generating electrical power and, being more abundant and less expensive than oil or natural gas, is expected to continue its dominance into the future. Coal, however, is more carbon intensive than natural gas and oil and consequently coal-fired power plants are large point source emitters of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}). Since CO{sub 2} is a ...
Abigail Alvarez OlarteCINVESTAV Alba Leticia Carrillo MonteverdeDCI-UG Alberto Carrami�anaINAOE Aldo MorselliFERMI Alejandro CastillaDCI-UG Alejandro IbarraTechnical University of Munich Alma D Rojas PachecoFCFM-BUAP Alma Xochitl Gonzalez MoralesInstituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM Andrew Walcott BeckwithAmerican Institute of Beam Energy Physics Ariadna Montiel ArenasDepartamento de F�sica, ...
The Symposium on �Structural materials for Hybrid systems: A challenge in metallurgy" was held during the �Journ�es d'Automne 2001" of the �Soci�t� Fran�aise de M�tallurgie et de Mat�riaux", Paris from October 29 through 31, 2001. The editors of this volume, D. Gorse and J.-L. Boutard, would like to acknowledge GDR GEDEON, CEA - Direction de l'�nergie Nucl�aire, CNRS - ...