This study was conducted to examine the protective role of crude polysaccharide from brown seaweed Sargassum polycystum against acetaminophen-induced abnormality in blood glucose, serum albumin/globulin ratio, and liver glycogen, lactate, and pyruvate. Liver and renal tissue histology was performed to confirm the efficacy of Sargassum ...

Acetaminophen overdose causes acute liver injury or even death in both humans and experimental animals. We investigated the effect of 17?-estradiol against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury and mortality in mice. Male mice were given acetaminophen (p-acetamidophenol; 300 mg/kg; orally) to induce acute liver ...

The immune system is alerted to cell death by molecules known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These molecules partly mediate acetaminophen-induced liver injury, an archetypal experimental model of sterile cell death and the commonest cause of acute liver failure in the western world. Cyclophilin A ...

3,4-Methylenedioxyphenol (sesamol) is effective against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in rats. Whether sesamol's anti-hepatotoxic effect is comparable to that of N-acetylcysteine has never been studied. We investigated the anti-hepatotoxic effects of sesamol and N-acetylcysteine on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Equimolar doses (1 ...

Acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI) is a significant health problem and represents the most frequent cause of drug-induced liver failure in the United States. The development and implementation of successful therapeutic intervention strategies have been demanding, due to significant limitations associated with the current ...

Urolithiasis, a condition in which stones are present in the urinary system, including the kidneys and bladder, is a poorly understood yet common disorder worldwide that leads to significant health care costs, morbidity, and work loss. Acetaminophen-induced liver damage is a major cause of death in patients with acute ...

Urolithiasis, a condition in which stones are present in the urinary system, including the kidneys and bladder, is a poorly understood yet common disorder worldwide that leads to significant health care costs, morbidity, and work loss. Acetaminophen-induced liver damage is a major cause of death in patients with acute ...

Extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa leaves were evaluated for antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in the acetaminophen-induced liver damage model. Antioxidative evaluation of ethanolic extract gave total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, vitamin C content and vitamin E content and the levels of selenium and zinc as 6.6+/-0.2mg/g tannic acid ...

Overdoses of acetaminophen cause hepato-renal oxidative stress. The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of a 43 kDa protein isolated from the herb Cajanus indicus, against acetaminophen-induced hepatic and renal toxicity. Male albino mice were treated with the protein for 4 days (intraperitoneally, 2 mg/kg body wt) prior or post to oral ...

Monochoria vaginalis is an herbaceous medicinal plant used to treat, liver problems India. Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent which, at high doses, causes liver and kidney necrosis in man and animals. The aim of the present study is to evaluate phytoconstituents and investigate the nephroprotective & antioxidant activities ...

The fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. is commonly prescribed in Asian countries as a tonic formula. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extracts of the fruit of C. officinalis (ECO) was investigated in a mouse model of acetaminophen- (APAP-) induced liver injury. Pretreatment of mice with ECO (100, 250, and 500?mg/kg for 7 days) significantly ...

The fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. is commonly prescribed in Asian countries as a tonic formula. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extracts of the fruit of C. officinalis (ECO) was investigated in a mouse model of acetaminophen- (APAP-) induced liver injury. Pretreatment of mice with ECO (100, 250, and 500?mg/kg for 7 days) significantly ...

Acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity is the most frequent precipitating cause of acute liver failure and liver transplant, but contemporary medical practice has mainly focused on patient management after a liver injury has been induced. An integrative genetic, transcriptional, and ...

Acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity is the most frequent precipitating cause of acute liver failure and liver transplant, but contemporary medical practice has mainly focused on patient management after a liver injury has been induced. An integrative genetic, transcriptional, and ...

Paracetamol (acetaminophen, PCM) is widely used as an over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. Intake of a large dose of PCM may result in severe hepatic necrosis. Oxidative stress mediated by oxidative capacities of the PCM metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), is considered as the main cause of hepatotoxicity of PCM. This work therefore seeks to induce ...

Acetaminophen is one of the most popular analgesic and antipyretic drugs and its overdose, which can cause severe damage to liver and kidneys, is one of the most common reasons of emergency admissions. In this study we investigated the effects of curcumin, derived from plant Curcuma longa, on acetaminophen toxicity, and the possibility of combining therapy ...

Drug-induced liver disease (DILD) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality and impair new drug development. Mounting evidence suggests that DILD is a complex, multifactorial disease in which no one factor is likely to be an absolute indicator of susceptibility. As a...

When used in overdoses, acetaminophen (APAP) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. At present, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the antidote of choice for acetaminophen overdoses. Prompt administration of NAC can prevent the deleterious actions of APAP in the liver. In view of the similarities in antioxidant effects demonstrated by NAC, hypotaurine (HYTAU) and ...

When used in overdoses, acetaminophen (APAP) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. At present, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the antidote of choice for acetaminophen overdoses. Prompt administration of NAC can prevent the deleterious actions of APAP in the liver. In view of the similarities in antioxidant effects demonstrated by NAC, hypotaurine (HYTAU) and ...

The circadian clock gene Period2 (Per2) plays important roles in many physiologic and pathologic processes in mammals. In the previous study, we have reported the protective role of mPer2 against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. Here, we further explore the contribution of this gene to acetaminophen (APAP) induced liver injury in mice. It is reported that the ...

Nuclear transcription factors, such as NF-kB and NF-IL6, are believed to play an important role in regulating the expression of genes that encode for products involved in tissue damage and inflammation and, thus, may represent early biomarkers for chemical toxicities. In the present study changes in DNA binding activity of these factors were examined in ...

This study investigated the possible protective effects and mechanism of rhein on Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats. Treatment of rats with APAP resulted in severe liver and kidney injuries, as demonstrated by drastic elevation of serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamate-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), total bilirubin (TBIL), ...

There is a significant need to evaluate the therapeutic potential of natural products and other compounds purported to be hepatoprotective. Acetaminophen-induced liver injury, especially in mice, is an attractive and widely used model for this purpose because it is both clinically relevant and experimentally convenient. However, the pathophysiology of ...

OBJECTIVE: Acetaminophen (APAP), an antipyretic/analgesic drug, is reported to cause toxicity on overdose. Dietary supplements are currently being explored to decrease toxicity. In the present study, the protective effect of probiotic Enterococcus lactis IITRHR1 was evaluated at different doses (10(7), 10(8), and 10(9) colony-forming units) against APAP-induced liver ...

AIM: To examine the effects of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), a benzophenone derivative used as an ultraviolet light absorbent, on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6J mice.METHODS: Mice were administered orally with BP-1 at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively every morning for 4 d before a hepatotoxic dose of APAP (350 mg/kg body weight) was given ...

The widely used over-the-counter analgesic acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States and due to this high incidence, a recent FDA Advisory Board recommended lowering the maximum dose of APAP. Kava herbal dietary supplements have been implicated in several human liver failure cases leading to the ban of ...

The present study was undertaken to examine the protective effects of an anthocyanin fraction (AF) obtained from purple-fleshed sweet potato on acetaminophen (paraceptamol [APAP])-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and to determine the mechanism involved. Mice pretreated with AF prior to APAP administration showed significantly lower increases in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate ...

The methanol extract of the leaves of Centaurium erythraea L. (Gentianaceae) was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in rats. An oral dose of 300 mg/kg/day for 6 days or a single dose of 900 mg/kg for 1 day exhibited a significant protective effect by lowering serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase ...

Lipid peroxidation is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, such as cancer, diabetic mellitus and liver injury. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh (Phaeophyta) were screened for their protective effects against acetaminophen (ACP; Paracetamol)-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. A single dose of acetaminophen ...

The herb, Cajanus indicus L, has been and is popular for its medicinal value in India and other countries for long. The herb is mainly cultivated for the seeds which are used as pulses and are rich in proteins. People of rural India and some neighboring countries use the aqueous extract of the leaves of the herb against poor liver function and recently it has been found that ...

The protective effect of the phenolic compound syringic acid, one of the major benzoic acid derivatives from edible plants and fruits, was evaluated against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicity was induced in adult male albino Wistar rats by the administration of APAP (750 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. Rats were treated with syringic acid (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg ...

The impact of liver transplantation on the survival in fulminant hepatic failure was evaluated in a retrospective study including 87 patients admitted to Rigshospitalet over a three and a half year period before and a three and a half year period after the Danish liver transplantation programme was started. The number of admissions increased by 178% in the ...

Oxidative stress is an important factor in drug induced hepatotoxicity and antioxidants from natural sources have potential to ameliorate it. The present study was aimed to investigate cyto-protective potential of probiotic Enterococcus lactis IITRHR1 (El(SN)) and Lactobacillus acidophilus MTCC447 (La(SN)) lysate against acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity. Cultured rat hepatocytes ...

Severe acute liver injury due to accidental or intentional acetaminophen overdose presents a major clinical dilemma often requiring liver transplantation. In the present study, liver regeneration after profound liver injury in mice challenged with acetaminophen was facilitated by the exogenous addition of ...

Medicinal herbs have been used for centuries in an attempt to overcome hepatic dysfunctions emanating from ingestion of hepatotoxic substances. However, the vast majority of information concerning their use is anecdotal. Well-performed animal studies would lend credence to the concept that some medicinal herbs may prevent or, at least ameliorate, hepatic dysfunction arising from drug-induced ...

Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is the main cause of acute liver failure in humans. Although mitochondrial oxidant stress and induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) have been implicated in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, the link between these events is unclear. To investigate this, this study evaluated APAP hepatotoxicity in mice deficient of ...

In some instances, it may lead to liver damage, liver failure, or even liver cancer. How severe hepatitis is depends on many factors, including the cause of the liver...

Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a membrane scaffolding protein, which functions to regulate intracellular compartmentalization of various signaling molecules. In the present studies, transgenic mice with a targeted disruption of the Cav-1 gene (Cav-1{sup -/-}) were used to assess the role of Cav-1 in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Treatment of wild-type mice with acetaminophen (300 mg/kg) resulted in ...

Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a membrane scaffolding protein which functions to regulate intracellular compartmentalization of various signaling molecules. In the present studies, transgenic mice with a targeted disruption of the Cav-1 gene (Cav-1^?/?) were used to assess the role of Cav-1 in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Treatment of wild type mice with acetaminophen (300 ...

It has been reported that dietary polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) increase liver injury in response to ethanol feeding. We tested the hypothesis that diets rich in linoleic acid (18:2n-6) would affect acute liver injury after acetaminophen injection and that protein restriction might exacerbate the liver injury. We examined effects of ...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). OSA is associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in obese subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CIH on the liver in the absence of obesity. Lean C57BL/6J mice (n = 15) on a regular chow diet were exposed to CIH for 12 weeks and compared with pair-fed mice ...

The frequent use of rodent hepatic in vitro systems in pharmacological and toxicological investigations challenges extrapolation of in vitro results to the situation in vivo and interspecies extrapolation from rodents to humans. The toxicogenomics approach may aid in evaluating relevance of these model systems for human risk assessment by direct comparison of toxicant-induced gene expression ...

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) carries a high mortality. We aimed to review the prognostic factors and explore the potential role of Liver Dialysis (LD). Fifty-two patients were reviewed. The etiologies were acetaminophen toxicity (33%), viral hepatitis (18%), autoimmune (10%), idiosyncratic drug reactions (8%), others (6%) and undetermined (25%). Patients with acetaminophen ...

Although it is a commonly used analgesic, acetaminophen can be highly hepatotoxic. This study seeks to further investigate the mechanisms involved in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, as well as the role of CXCR2 receptor/ligand interactions in the liver�s response to and recovery from acetaminophen toxicity. The CXC chemokines and their receptor, CXCR2, are important ...

... to a standardized liver contusion, depression of pulmonary mechanics, arterial PO2 ... Many factors may operate to facilitate lung damage, and the ...

... Accession Number : ADA498948. Title : Quantifying Biomarkers of Liver Damage Using Shotgun Proteomics. Descriptive Note : Interim rept. ...

Comments on Lieberman's article: Cyclosiloxanes Produce Fatal Liver and Lung Damage in Mice. Environ Health Perspect 107:161-165

... the active ingredient in Vivitrol, can cause liver damage (including liver ... if you get signs or symptoms of a serious liver problem. ... to prevent relapse to ...

cirrhosis and liver failure include: Autoimmune hepatitis Hepatic vein blood clot (thrombosis) Liver damage from poisoning or medications Problems with the drainage system of the...

... liver. The most common types of hepatitis are hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Although they vary ... including permanent liver damage, liver cancer, and death. Hepatitis A The symptoms of hepatitis A can include abdominal ...

... Descriptors : *DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS, DAMAGE, TOXICITY, STREPTOMYCES, RESPONSE, DELAY, ANIMALS, PATIENTS, LIVER, DRUGS ...

Despite extensive investigations, the cause of liver injury in 14% of patients with acute liver failure remains unknown (indeterminate). In a pilot study using a novel assay, highly specific acetaminophen-cysteine adducts were detected in 7 of 36 indeterminate patients (19%). To extend these observations, sera from 110 subjects enrolled in the Acute ...

The ethanolic extract of propolis (200mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated against acetaminophen (APAP; 20mg/kg, p.o.) induced subchronic hepatorenal injury in rats. Administration of APAP significantly increased the release of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, ?-glutamyl transpeptidase, bilirubin and serum proteins, whereas concomitantly decreased hemoglobin, blood sugar and ...

expression in preventing I/R liver damage using recombinant adenoviral vectors. We hypothesized that redox vectors for reduc- ing I/R damage in the liver. Consistent with previous obser- vations, recombinant adenoviral delivery of MnSOD to the liver significantly attenuated both acute ...

The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) regulates transcription of phenobarbital-inducible genes that encode xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in liver. CAR is localized to the hepatocyte cytoplasm but to be functional, it translocates into the nucleus in the presence of phenobarbital-like CAR ligands. We now demonstrate that adenovirally driven EGFP-CAR, as expected, ...

Older age is considered a poor prognostic factor in acute liver failure (ALF) and may still be considered a relative contraindication for liver transplantation for ALF. We aimed to evaluate the impact of older age, defined as age ? 60 years, on outcomes in patients with ALF. One thousand one hundred twenty-six consecutive prospective patients from the US ...