... to the velocity of the water entering the well ... of lactate and formate, with acetate, propionate, and ... dilutions of sodium bromide solution, this peak was ...

Four cows with exteriorized carotid arteries were in an intensive study of concentrations in plasma and mammary extraction of propionate. A restricted-roughage, high-grain diet produced higher arterial propionate concentrations and larger carotid-subcutaneous abdominal vein (arteriovenous) differences that the control diet. Concomitant changes in ...

Kinetic parameters of acetate oxidation were determined for the sulfate reducers Desulforhabdus amnigenus and Desulfobacca acetoxidans. Based on these parameters, both sulfate reducers seem to be able to outcompete Methanosaeta spp. for acetate in acetate-fed anaerobic bioreactors. Mixed-substrate studies showed that D. amnigenus ...

The capacity of immobilized cells of propionic bacteria to synthesize organic acids was examined. Propionibacterium shermanii cells incorporated into polyacrylamide gel were capable to synthesize propionic, acetic and pyruvic acids in the flow system. As a carbon source glucose, lactate-Na or whey lactose was used. ...

More than 90% of the aspartate in a defined medium was metabolized after lactate exhaustion such that 3 mol of aspartate and 1 mol of propionate were converted to 3 mol of succinate, 3 mol of ammonia, 1 mol of acetate, and 1 mol of CO₂. This pathway was also evident when propionate and ...

The effect of the addition of common fermentation products on the dehalogenation of tetrachloroethane was studied in methanogenic slurries made with aquifer solids. Lactate, propionate, crotonate, butyrate, and ethanol stimulated dehalogenation activity, while,acetate, methanol, ...

The effect of the addition of common fermentation products on the dehalogenation of tetrachloroethene was studied in methanogenic slurries made with aquifer solids. Lactate, propionate, crotonate, butyrate, and ethanol stimulated dehalogenation activity, while acetate, methanol, ...

A strain of Veillonella parvula M4, which grows readily in lactate broth without a requirement for carbon dioxide, has been isolated from the oral cavity. Anaerobic, washed cells of this organism fermented sodium lactate to the following products (moles/100 moles of lactate): propionate, 66; ...

Activity of D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) was shown not only in cell extracts from Megasphaera elsdenii grown on DL-lactate, but also in cell extracts from glucose-grown cells, although glucose-grown cells contained approximately half as much D-LDH as DL-lactate-grown cells. This indicates that the D-LDH of M. elsdenii is a ...

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate whether dose-response effects of intraruminal infusion of propionate on feeding behavior and dry matter intake (DMI) differ by stage of lactation. Six cows in early lactation (EL) and six cows in midlactation (ML) were assigned to blocks in a duplicated 6 x 6 Latin square design ...

Inhibition of the fermentation of propionate to methane and carbon dioxide by hydrogen, acetate, and propionate was analyzed with a mesophilic propionate-acclimatized sludge that consisted of numerous flocs (size, 150 to 300 {mu}). The acclimatized sludge could convert propionate to methane and ...

1. The identity of the organism previously known as Vibrio O1 (N.C.I.B. 8250) with a species of Moraxella is established. 2. The ability of cells to oxidize propionate is present only in cells with an endogenous respiration and this ability is increased 80-fold when the organism is grown with propionate. 3. Isocitrate lyase activity in extracts from ...

Entry rates of acetate and oleate and their incorporation into lipids of blood plasma and fatty acids of milk were studied in lactating goats fed a concentrate-roughage ration with propionic acid infused intraruminally at 0, 5.52, and 13.74 g/h by primed constant intravenous infusion of [1-carbon-14] acetate and ...

May 14, 2001 ... Acetic and propionic acid and isoamyl alcohol. Isovaleric acid ... Isovaleric acid. Acetic, propionic and butyric acid ...

A literature compilation demonstrated a linear relationship between microbial growth yield and the free energy of aerobic and anaerobic (respiratory and/or fermentative) metabolism of glucose, ethanol, formate, acetate, lactate, propionate, butyrate, and H(2). This relationship provides a means to estimate growth yields for modeling ...

A literature compilation demonstrated a linear relationship between microbial growth yield and the free energy of aerobic and anaerobic (respiratory and/or fermentative) metabolism of glucose, ethanol, formate, acetate, lactate, propionate, butyrate, and H₂. This relationship provides a means to estimate growth ...

for reductive dehalogenation were pyruvate, formate, butyrate, crotonate, and H2. Pyruvate supported incubated at 30 C. Acetate, formate, butyrate, succinate, propionate, fumarate, lactate, pyruvate, crotonate with a molten mixture of 50% paraffin and 50% petrolatum. The cells were observed under oil immersion with a 60

Trehalose and glycogen are reserve carbohydrates that were shown to accumulate in mycelia of the filamentous fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Both carbohydrates were mobilized under glucose starvation or in the presence of acetate. Glycogen was mobilized faster than trehalose in the presence of acetate. In all cases, glycogen and trehalose mobilization ...

One-hundred thirty bacteria isolated from a swine manure digester were predominately gram-positive anaerobes which were tentatively classified into the following genera: Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Peptococcus, Clostridiu, and Streptococcus plus two unidentified groups. The major fermentation products formed by these organisms included acetate, ...

Biochemical and physiological studies documented the function of hydrogenase in catabolic processes linked to propionic acid production and in anabolic processes linked to nitrogen fixation. P. arboris was shown by /sup 14/C radio-tracer, /sup 13/C NMR, and enzyme activity analysis to produce propionic acid via the methylmalonyl CoA pathway with fumarate ...

Streptococcus lactis and Bacteroides sp., isolated from hindguts of Reticulitermes flavipes termites, were grown anaerobically in monoculture and coculture. When grown in a glucose medium, S. lactis monoculture produced lactate as the major fermentation product, with small amounts of formate, acetate, ethanol, and CO₂. In coculture, ...

In the present study, the influence of chromium(III) complexes (acetate, chloride, glycinate, histidinate, lactate and propionate) on insulin binding and signal transduction [phosphorylation of tyrosine and serine in the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1] was investigated in vitro using three experimental models: isolated rat liver ...

The effects particle size of corn grain and the ionophore lasalocid on ruminal fermentation and feeding behavior of early lactation cows were examined. Eight multiparous and 4 primiparous cows in early lactation were fed diets (44% forage) with cracked or ground dried shelled corn grain and with or without lasalocid (360 mg/d per cow). The experiment was a ...

Cooperative metabolism of lactobacilli in silage fermentation converts lactate to propionate. This study aimed to determine whether propionate production by Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus diolivorans can be applied for bread preservation. Propionate formation was observed in cofermentation with L. ...

Anaerobic enrichment cultures with either propionate, succinate, lactate, or valerate and elemental sulfur and inocula from shallow marine or deep-sea sediments were dominated by rod-shaped motile bacteria after three transfers. By application of deep-agar dilutions, five eubacterial strains were obtained in pure culture and designated Kyprop, Gyprop, ...

In Phycomyces blakesleeanus and Blakeslea trispora (order Mucorales, class Zygomycetes), sexual interaction on solid substrates leads to zygospore development and to increased carotene production (sexual carotenogenesis). Addition of small quantities of acetate, propionate, lactate, or leucine to mated cultures on minimal medium ...

In Phycomyces blakesleeanus and Blakeslea trispora (order Mucorales, class Zygomycetes), sexual interaction on solid substrates leads to zygospore development and to increased carotene production (sexual carotenogenesis). Addition of small quantities of acetate, propionate, lactate, or leucine to mated cultures on minimal medium ...

anaerobic digestion are acetic, propionic, and butyric acids with lesser. 13] amounts of formic and valeric acids 3 . Propionic and valeric acids ...

Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are intermediate products in the anaerobic bioconversion of organic matter to methane and carbon dioxide. This study examines the effects of acetate, propionate, and butyrate on the thermophilic oxidation of propionate in continuous-flow methanogenic sludge bed ...

The rates, products, and controls of the metabolism of fermentation intermediates in the sediments of a eutrophic lake were examined. ¹⁴C-fatty acids were directly injected into sediment subcores for turnover rate measurements. The highest rates of acetate turnover were in surface sediments (0- to 2-cm depth). Methane was the dominant product of ...

The fate of representative fermentation products (acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, and ethanol) in hot spring cyanobacterial mats was investigated. The major fate during incubations in the light was photoassimilation by filamentous bacteria resembling Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Some metabolism of all compounds occurred under dark ...

Ten Holstein steers (579 kg average body weight) were fed either alfalfa hay (12.2% crude protein) or a 90% concentrate diet to supply 14.2 or 25.2 Mcal ME respectively for a minimum of 28 days. Samples of rumen epithelial tissue were removed at slaughter from the anterior ventral sac, washed free of feed particles and transported to the laboratory in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the acid anions produced in plaque after chewing various cereal-based foods and fruits for one minute. Test foods were oranges, apples, bananas, Cornflakes, Branflakes, Weetabix, Alpen, white bread, wholemeal bread, rice and spaghetti, plus positive and negative controls of 10% sucrose and 10% sorbitol. 4 males and 3 females, aged 22-37 years, participated ...

The contribution of volatile fatty acids (VFA) as e(-)-donors for anaerobic terminal oxidation of organic carbon through iron and sulfate reduction was studied in Arctic fjord sediment. Dissolved inorganic carbon, Fe(2+), VFA concentrations, and sulfate reduction were monitored in slurries from the oxidized (0-2 cm) and the reduced (5-9 cm) zone. In the 0-2 cm layer, 2/3 of the mineralization ...

Moore, W. E. C. (Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg) and Elizabeth P. Cato. Validity of Propionibacterium acnes (Gilchrist) Douglas and Gunter comb. nov. J. Bacteriol. 85:870�874. 1963.�ATCC strains of Corynebacterium acnes 11827, 6921, and 6922 were tested and consistently found to ferment lactate with the production of ...

Diets inducing milk fat depression (MFD) are known to alter ruminal lipid metabolism, leading to the formation of specific isomers [such as trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)] that inhibit milk fat synthesis in lactating dairy cows. However, ruminal outflow of these isomers does not fully account for the decreases in milk fat synthesis observed during diet-induced ...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae IGC4072 grown in lactic acid medium transported lactate by an accumulative electroneutral proton-lactate symport with a proton-lactate stoichiometry of 1:1. The accumulation ratio measured with propionate increased with decreasing pH from ca. 24-fold at pH 6.0 to ca. 1,400-fold at pH 3.0. ...

The microbial population structure and function of natural anaerobic communities maintained in lab-scale continuously stirred tank reactors at different lactate to sulfate ratios and in the absence of sulfate were analyzed using an integrated approach of molecular techniques and chemical analysis. The population structure, determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ...

A newly-developed intra-oral enamel demineralization test was used to evaluate the effect of supplementation of a 10% sucrose solution with various components on enamel demineralization induced by the sucrose. Five human subjects wore a palatal prosthesis holding eight blocks of subsurface bovine enamel covered with a layer of S. mutans cells. The test involved rinsing with sucrose solution or ...

Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data have been measured for mixtures of ethyl acetate with acetic acid at 338 and 346 K and for mixtures of ethyl propionate with propionic acid at 358 and 368 K. The measurements were carried out in a recirculation still similar to that of Dvorak and Boublik. The data have been ...

... Descriptors : *COATINGS, *FUNGICIDES, TEST METHODS, CELLULOSE, ACETATES, PROPIONATES, LACQUERS, PHENYL RADICALS ...

Three sets of flow-through columns constructed with aquifer sediment from Hanford (WA) were used to study reduction of Cr(VI) to poorly soluble Cr(III) under denitrifying, sulfate-reducing/fermentative, and iron-reducing conditions with lactate as the electron donor. In order to understand the relationship between electron donors and biomarkers, and to determine the ...

A novel macro in vitro system was used to test the theory that rumen proportions of acetate, propionate and butyrate are not representative of their respective net production rates. Whole rumen content (10-16 kg) from two cows was mixed with a bicarbonate buffer and incubated separately in two 40-l in vitro vessels for 3 h. A total of six experimental ...

electrolytes with various ester co-solvents, including methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate. (EA), ethyl propionate. (EP), and ethyl butyrate (EB). ...

The effect of reticuloruminal epithelial blood flow on the absorption of propionate as a volatile fatty acid (VFA) marker in 8 lactating Holstein cows was studied under washed rumen conditions. The cows were surgically prepared with ruminal cannulas and permanent catheters in an artery and mesenteric, right ruminal, and hepatic portal veins. The experiment ...

Adult Haemonchus contortus worms simultaneously excrete and fix CO2. Their initial content of CO2 was measured as 4.55 mumoles/100 mg wet weight and their excretion rate in air as 1 mumol/100 mg wet weight/h for at least 4 h. When the worms were incubated either aerobically or anaerobically with 14CO2 most of the metabolized radioactivity was associated with propan-1-ol and ...

Linear alkyl ethoxylates (polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers) were fermented completely to methane and CO2 in enrichment cultures inoculated with anoxic sewage sludge. Long-chain fatty acids were released as intermediates. No degradation was found with polypropylene glycol and polypropylene glycol-containing surfactants. Two types of primary ethoxylate-degrading bacteria were isolated and ...

We investigated the impact of dietary fiber on the fecal output of microorganisms and microbial fermentation products of rats. Two groups of five male Wistar rats were fed high-fiber (HF) and fiber-free (FF) diets in the following order: (group 1) lab chow-->HF-->FF-->HF and (group 2) lab chow-->FF-->HF-->FF. Daily fecal output of total viable anaerobes was 71 times higher with ...

The effects of acetate, propionate, and butyrate on the anaerobic thermophilic conversion of propionate by methanogenic sludge and by enriched propionate-oxidizing bacteria in syntrophy with Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum delta H were studied. The methanogenic sludge was cultivated in an upflow anaerobic ...

In this study we examined the relative importance of side reactions, i.e. the formation of volatile fatty acids (VFA), and the reduction of alternative electron acceptors (nitrate, sulfate, Fe(III)), in enhanced dechlorination microcosms, amended with different electron donors, namely lactate, butyrate, and H(2)+acetate mixture. Dechlorination reactions ...

Possible direct contributions of propionate to de novo synthesis of milk components by the mammary gland of lactating goats fed a concentrate-roughage diet have been studied in vivo by primed constant infusion of (1-carbon-14)propionate into the right mammary artery. Specific radioactivities of milk galactose, fatty acids, and protein ...

Strain TBP-1, an anaerobic bacterium capable of reductively dehalogenating 2,4,6-tribromophenol to phenol, was isolated from estuarine sediments of the Arthur Kill in the New York/New Jersey harbor. It is a gram-negative, motile, vibrio-shaped, obligate anaerobe which grows on lactate, pyruvate, hydrogen, and fumarate when provided sulfate as an electron acceptor. The organism ...

Eight water-soluble organic anions were measured in 70 aerosol samples and 10 snow samples at Barrow, Alaska in March-April, 1989. The ranking of the ions in aerosols according to total (coarse + fine aerosol) median concentrations was acetate (44 ng m[sup [minus]3]), oxalate (27), benzoate (23), formate (22), propionate (6), methanesulfonate (5), ...

Measurements of eight water-soluble organic anions in 70 aerosol samples and 10 snow samples at Barrow, Alaska, in March-April 1989 are reported. The ranking of the ions in aerosols according to the total median concentrations was acetate (44 ng/cu m), oxalate (27), benzoate (23), formate (22), propionate (6), methanesulfonate (5), ...

A unique spin coat process was developed which improves the coating uniformity and extends the range of applicable resist thicknesses typically encountered for a one viscosity photoresist. This spin coat process involves a high speed, short term initial coat followed by a low speed dry cycle. Advantages are seen in better standard deviation of coating uniformity and coating thicknesses achieved ...

Rogosa, M., (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.), M. I. Krichevsky, and F. S. Bishop. Truncated glycolytic system in Veillonella. J. Bacteriol. 90:164�171. 1965.�Intact Veillonella cells do not utilize carbohydrates for growth, nor are carbohydrates fermented. In cell extracts, there is no detectable glucokinase or fructokinase. Cell extracts do not degrade glucose or fructose unless ...

Adult Ostertagia circumcincta from freshly killed sheep were incubated at 39 degrees C in a medium containing inorganic salts, antibiotics and D-[U-14C] glucose. The worms appeared healthy even after incubation for as long as 72 h. All the radioactivity was recovered either within the worms or in the incubation vessel in the form of metabolic products or unmetabolized glucose. Incubations were ...

Although the ecological and public health risk associated with tetrachloroethene (PCE) contamination may be the most severe when spills affect groundwater, little is known about the environmental conditions necessary to initiate and sustain dehalogenation activity in contaminated aquifers. This study was done with core material collected from a site impacted by both aviation gasoline and ...

This patent describes a fracturing process applied to a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation below an earthen surface in fluid communication with a wellbore comprising: (a) premixing a fracturing fluid at the surface comprising a gel breaker and a gelation solution consisting essentially of an aqueous solvent, a water-soluble acrylamide polymer selected from the group consisting of ...

In experiments performed using graphite electrodes poised by a potentiostat (+200 mV versus Ag/AgCl) or in a microbial fuel cell (with oxygen as the electron acceptor), the Fe(III)-reducing organism Geothrix fermentans conserved energy to support growth by coupling the complete oxidation of acetate to reduction of a graphite electrode. Other organic compounds, such as ...

Five subjects used sorbitol-containing chewing gum for a period of 12 wk. Plaque was collected before and after the sorbitol exposure and also 12 wk after the termination of the exposure. The individual plaque samples were incubated with 14C-labeled sorbitol, and the medium was examined by HPLC. It was found that plaque samples from all subjects catabolized more sorbitol after the exposure. The ...