Nine acetotrophic and three methylotrophic strains of methane-producing bacteria were screened for the presence of plasmid DNA. Plasmids were detected in three marine isolates, including Methanosarcina acetivorans. All three plasmids appeared to be similar based on size and restriction site analyses. The plasmid from M. acetivorans, ...

Nine acetotrophic and three methylotrophic strains of methane-producing bacteria were screened for the presence of plasmid DNA. Plasmids were detected in three marine isolates, including Methanosarcina acetivorans. All three plasmids appeared to be similar based on size and restriction site analyses. The plasmid from M. acetivorans, ...

Nine acetotrophic and three methylotrophic strains of methane-producing bacteria were screened for the presence of plasmid DNA. Plasmids were detected in three marine isolates, including Methanosarcina acetivorans. All three plasmids appeared to be similar based on size and restriction site analyses. The plasmid from M. acetivorans, ...

BackgroundThe archaeon, Methanosarcina acetivorans strain C2A forms methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from a variety of one-carbon substrates and acetate. Whereas the biochemical pathways leading to methane formation are well understood, little is known about the expression of the many of the ...

We report here the first use of directed mutagenesis in Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A. The method employs homologous recombination-mediated gene replacement and was used to construct a variety of proline auxotrophs with mutations in the proABC locus. Each mutation was also complemented in trans with autonomously ...

Cultures of the methane-producing archaea Methanosarcina, have recently been isolated from Alaskan sediments. It has been proposed that methanogens are strong candidates for exobiological life in extreme conditions. The spatial environmental gradients, such as those associated with the polygons on Mars' surface, could have been produced by past methanogenesis activity. The 16S rRNA gene has been ...

A new acetotrophic marine methane-producing bacterium that was isolated from the methane-evolving sediments of a marine canyon is described. Exponential phase cultures grown with sodium acetate contained irregularly shaped cocci that aggregated in the early stationary phase and finally differentiated into communal cysts that released individual cocci when ruptured or transferred to fresh medium. ...

All methanogenic Archaea examined to date rely on methanogenesis as their sole means of energy conservation. Among these are ones that use carbon monoxide as a growth substrate, producing methane via a pathway that involves hydrogen as an intermediate. To further examine the role of hydrogen in this process, we tested the ability of Methanosarcina acetivorans ...

Methanosarcina species possess three operons (mtaCB1, mtaCB2, and mtaCB3) encoding methanol-specific methyltransferase 1 (MT1) isozymes and two genes (mtaA1 and mtaA2) with the potential to encode a methanol-specific methyltransferase 2 (MT2). Previous genetic studies showed that these genes are differentially regulated and encode enzymes with distinct levels of methyltransferase activity. Here, ...

SummaryMethanosarcina acetivorans strain C2A is an acetate- and methanol-utilizing methane-producing organism for which the genome, the largest yet sequenced among the Archaea, reveals extensive physiological diversity. LC linear ion trap-FTICR mass spectrometry was employed to analyze acetate- ...

We present here a method for in vivo transposon mutagenesis of a methanogenic archaeon, Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A, which because of its independence from host-specific factors may have broad application among many microorganisms. Because there are no known Methanosarcina transposons we modified the mariner ...

A plasmid-based expression system wherein mekB was fused to a constitutive Methanosarcina acetivorans promoter was used to express MekB, a broad-specificity esterase from Pseudomonas veronii, in M. acetivorans. The engineered strain had 80-fold greater esterase activity than wild-type M. acetivorans. Methyl acetate ...

A plasmid-based expression system wherein mekB was fused to a constitutive Methanosarcina�acetivorans promoter was used to express MekB, a broad-specificity esterase from Pseudomonas veronii, in M. acetivorans. The engineered strain had 80-fold greater esterase activity than wild-type M.�acetivorans. Methyl ...

The outermost cell envelope structure of many archaea and bacteria contains a proteinaceous lattice termed the surface layer or S-layer. It is typically composed of only one or two abundant, often post-translationally modified proteins that self-assemble to form the highly organized arrays. Surprisingly, over a hundred proteins were annotated to be S-layer components in the archaeal species ...

Methanogenesis, the biological production of methane, plays a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle and contributes significantly to global warming. The majority of methane in nature is derived from acetate. Here we report the complete genome sequence of an acetate-utilizing methanogen, Methanosarcina acetivorans ...

Stenoxybacter acetivorans is a newly described, obligately microaerophilic ?-proteobacterium that is abundant in the acetate-rich hindgut of Reticulitermes. Here we tested the hypotheses that cells are located in the hypoxic, peripheral region of Reticulitermes flavipes hindguts and use acetate to fuel their O₂-consuming respiratory activity in situ. ...

Protoglobin from Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A (MaPgb), a strictly anaerobic methanogenic Archaea, displays peculiar structural and functional properties within members of the hemoglobin superfamily. In fact, MaPgb-specific loops and a N-terminal extension (20 amino acid residues) completely bury the heme within ...

Protoglobin from Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A (MaPgb), a strictly anaerobic methanogenic Archaea, displays peculiar structural and functional properties within members of the hemoglobin superfamily. In fact, MaPgb-specific loops and a N-terminal extension (20 amino acid residues) completely bury the heme within ...

Cell extracts of acetate-grown Methanosarcina strain TM-1 and Methanosarcina acetivorans both contained CH3-S-CoM methylreductase activity. The methylreductase activity was supported by CO and H2 but not by formate as electron donors. The CO-dependent activity was equivalent to the H2-dependent activity in strain TM-1 and was fivefold ...

Cell extracts of acetate-grown Methanosarcina strain TM-1 and Methanosarcina acetivorans both contained CH/sub 3/-S-CoM methylreductase activity. The methylreductase activity was supported by CO and H/sub 2/ but not by formate as electron donors. The CO-dependent activity was equivalent to the H/sub 2/-dependent activity in strain TM-1 ...

Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) catalyzes the biological reduction and assimilation of carbon dioxide gas to organic carbon; it is the key enzyme responsible for the bulk of organic matter found on earth. Until recently it was believed that there are only two forms of RubisCO, form I and form II. However, the recent completion of several genome-sequencing projects ...

A hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing, facultatively chemolithoautotrophic archaeon (strain SBH6(T)) was isolated from a hydrothermal sample collected from the deepest of the known World Ocean hydrothermal fields, Ashadze field (1 degrees 58' 21'' N 4 degrees 51' 47'' W) on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, at a depth of 4100 m. The strain ...

Previous studies revealed that one species of methanogenic archaea, Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, is polyploid, while a second species, Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus, is diploid. To further investigate the distribution of ploidy in methanogenic archaea, species of two additional genera�Methanosarcina acetivorans and Methanococcus maripaludis�were investigated. ...

Serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis belonging to the electrophoretic type (ET) ET-15, a variant of ET-37, is endemic in Canada. Like other serogroup C ET-37 meningococci, the endemic ET-15 strains are usually found to carry the serotype and serosubtype antigens of 2a:P1.5,2. In 2001, a sudden increase in the number of cases of serogroup C meningococcal disease in Quebec, ...

Enger, M. D. (North Dakota State University, Fargo), and B. P. Sleeper. Multiple cellulase system from Streptomyces antibioticus. J. Bacteriol. 89:23�27. 1965.�Starch-block zone electrophoresis was used to isolate five electrophoretically distinct, active cellulolytic components (I to V) from the crude extracellular cellulase system of Streptomyces antibioticus (strain ...

Homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C (2a, 2b, 2c) were found to be minor components of a temsirolimus preparation made from rapamycin. These three temsirolimus analogues are derived from the corresponding rapamycin analogues, homorapamycins A, B, and C (1a, 1b, 1c) produced by the strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The ...

In termite hindguts, fermentative production of acetate�a major carbon and energy source for the insect�depends on efficient removal of inwardly diffusing oxygen by microbes residing on and near the hindgut wall. However, little is known about the identity of these organisms or about the substrate(s) used to support their respiratory activity. A cultivation-based approach was used to isolate ...

BackgroundTo assess changes in the pattern of Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) in Italy after the introduction of conjugate menC vaccine in the National Vaccine Plan 2005�2007 and to provide information for developing timely and appropriate public health interventions, analyses of microbiological features of isolates and clinical characteristics of patients have been carried out. In Italy, ...

- and Methanol-Grown Cells Qingbo Li, Lingyun Li, Tomas Rejtar, Barry L. Karger,*, and James G. Ferry*, Center methanol and acetate as growth substrates, utilizing two- dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI to be present in different amounts between methanol- and acetate-grown M. acetivorans. Among these proteins

Changing antigenic structure such as with capsule polysaccharide is a common strategy for bacterial pathogens to evade a host immune system. The recent emergence of an invasive W:2a:P1.7-2,4 sequence type 11 (ST-11) strain of Neisseria meningitidis in New Zealand, an uncommon serogroup/serotype in New Zealand disease cases, was investigated for its genetic origins. Molecular ...

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The effect of medium osmolarity on the morphology and growth of Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanosarcina thermophila, Methanosarcina mazei, Methanosarcina vacuolata, and Methanosarcina acetivorans was examined. Each strain was adapted for growth in NaCl concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 M. Methanosarcina spp. isolated from both marine and nonmarine ...

The number of cases of meningococcal disease reported to the Meningitis Reference Laboratory in Athens rose dramatically in 1996-1997. The aims were (1) to determine if the increase was due to introduction of new strains, (2) to assess the geographic and age distribution of the cases, (3) to compare antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the current isolates with ...

BackgroundMethanogens are ancient organisms that are key players in the carbon cycle accounting for about one billion tones of biological methane produced annually. Methanosarcina acetivorans, with a genome size of ~5.7 mb, is the largest sequenced archaeon methanogen and unique amongst the methanogens in its biochemical characteristics. By following a systematic workflow we ...

... J., Mukhopadhyay B., Reeve J.N., Smith K., Springer T.A., Umayam L.A., White O., White R.H., ... ...

... of 3000 catapult launches without structural failure. (Author). Descriptors : *JET TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT, *AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, *CATAPULTS, ...

... PMA-approval of Biomet's C2a-Taper ceramic-on-ceramic hip system ... claim that Bayer aspirin caused Reyes' syndrome � Represented Armour Pharmaceutical Company ...

Quality Assurance Surveillance: related to quality assurance audits.... Remains as is. 8/36.5C2(a) ... RADIATION MONITORING AND. DISPOSAL FILES. Remains as ...

... Accession Number : AD0778009. Title : Cold Regions Science and Engineering Monograph 2, Section C2a: The Physics of Ice,. ...

... are equivalent to 3000 service catapult launches. (Author). Descriptors : *TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT, *LAUNCHING, *CATAPULTS, NOSE WHEELS ...

... Descriptors : *PERFORMANCE TESTS, *CANISTERS, *BREATHING APPARATUS, *ENDURANCE(PHYSIOLOGY), *AIR FILTERS, TEST AND ...

- finesque, 1820) (45.4 � 2.5), and Quadrula pustulosa (Lea, 1831) (57.2 � 3.9). Biofilm was gently removed). Filled bars represent thermally sensitive species (Actinonaias ligamentina, Lampsilis cardium, Quadrula ligamentina - - A \\ C - ? ? ? 2a Lampsilis cardium - =/- A \\ C - ? ? ? ...

...15C(c)(2)(A), 17A(c)(3), and 17A(c)(4)(C) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78o-4(c...2)(A), 78q-1(c)(3)(A), and 78q-1(c)(4)(C)), to take disciplinary action against the...

This paper introduces the Adaptive Resonance Theory under Constraint (ART-C 2A) learning paradigm based on ART 2A, which is capable of generating a user-defined number of recognition nodes through online estimation of an appropriate vigilance threshold. Empirical experiments compare the cluster validity and the learning efficiency of ...

We report here a comparative analysis of the genome sequence of Methanosarcina barkeri with those of Methanosarcina acetivorans and Methanosarcina mazei. All three genomes share a conserved double origin of replication and many gene clusters. M. barkeri is distinguished by having an organization that is well conserved with respect to the other Methanosarcinae in the region ...

in a broad range of environments, and are unique among the Archaea in forming complex multicellular to the GenBank data library under accession no. AE010299.] The Archaea remain the most poorly understood in the global carbon cycle, is unique to the Archaea. Each year, an estimated 900 million metric tons of methane

The oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding (OB) fold is central to the architecture of single-stranded- DNA-binding proteins, which are polypeptides essential for diverse cellular processes, including DNA replication, repair, and recombination. In archaea, single-stranded DNA-binding proteins composed of multiple OB folds and a zinc finger domain, in a single polypeptide, have been described. The ...

Representatives of four families of methanogenic archaebacteria (archaea), Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum delta H, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg, Methanosarcina acetivorans, Methanococcus voltae, and Methanomicrobium mobile, were found to be light sensitive. The facultative anaerobic eubacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, however, were ...

Representatives of four families of methanogenic archaebacteria (archaea), Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum {Delta}H, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg, Methanosarcina acetivorans, Methanococcus voltae, and Methanomicrobium mobile, were found to be light sensitive. The facultative anaerobic eubacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, however, were ...

reduction (mtr) of the circuits. For example, fs12�mtr3�fh means that splitting was done ffl for at most 12 implemented some very easily struc� tured tree--based type creating heuristics such as fs..mtr..�fh, and ds..mtr.r.t. the ordering heuristic of [MWBS88] of some ISCAS85 and ISCAS89 benchmarks. Abbreviations: f .. .. = fs..mtr

The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology and public health response to an apparent cluster of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C infection in university students in a residential college. A conventional epidemiological approach was taken, supported by routine and novel diagnostic techniques. Over the two days of 21-22 August 1997, three cases of suspected meningococcal ...

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This objective of this project was to verify by direct measurement the filtration efficiency of the gas mask C2A1 canister in light of new bioaerosol threats. HEPA filters are routinely tested using an oil aerosol at the most penetrating particle diameter...

In an attempt to understand better the organisation of genes encoding enzymes of the ribulose monophosphate pathway (RuMP), the 3-hexulose 6-phosphate synthase gene (hps) and flanking sequences were cloned from the obligate methylotroph Aminomonas aminovorus C2A1. To date only three hps containing gene clusters from methylotrophs have ...

Feb 14, 2010 ... Larger error may occur in cloud edges, semi-arid and arid regions. Emissivity may be missing at pixels where day LST or night time LST was ...

Feb 28, 2011 ... Larger error may occur in cloud edges, semi-arid and arid regions. Emissivity may be missing at pixels where daytime LST or nighttime LST ...

Jan 10, 2011 ... Larger error may occur in cloud edges, semi-arid and arid regions. Emissivity may be missing at pixels where daytime LST or nighttime LST ...

Apr 30, 2010 ... Larger error may occur in cloud edges, semi-arid and arid regions. Emissivity may be missing at pixels where daytime LST or nighttime LST ...

II.C.2. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H. 1, Table II.C.2. Summary of PDP Residue Analyses of Organophosphorus Pesticides on Foods (1994-2004), ...

, [Ladyzhenskaya and Ural'tseva, 1968]) one obtains that � any solution u is of class C0 () C2 (A B which handle discontinuous coefficients. Comput. Geosci., 8:341�377, 2005. O. Ladyzhenskaya and N. Ural

The monograph summarizes existing knowledge of the physics of ice. It covers the crystalline structure of ice including defects in structure, polycrystalline ice and grain boundaries, electrical properties of ice, thermal properties of ice, propagation of...

A laboratory fatigue test was performed on a C-2A airframe to determine whether the airframe could sustain the effects of 3000 catapult launches. A total of 6000 catapult launch cycles were applied to the airframe with no structural failures. With a test ...

... Monitoring Agency Name(s) and Address(es) Naval Air Systems Command 47123 Buse Road Unit IPT Patuxent River, Maryland 20670-1547 ...

... CHARGE CONTINUITY EQUATIONS ... C2 C2 a~)t C 23b) and the electric and magnetic charge continuity equations Voje +-pe = 0 (24a) ...

...c)(2), (a)(3), (b)(3), (c)(3), carbon adsorption followed by either physical destruction, or as...provisions of subpart A of this part apply to this section except as modified by this paragraph. (1) Recordkeeping. The...

...DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Treatment of Excess Distributions of Trusts Applicable to Taxable Years... Computation of the beneficiary's income and tax for a prior taxable year....

...DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Treatment of Excess Distributions of Trusts Applicable to Taxable Years... Computation of the beneficiary's income and tax for a prior taxable year....

A Staphylococcus xylosus C2A gene cluster, which encodes enzymes in the pathway for choline uptake and dehydrogenation (cud), to form the osmoprotectant glycine betaine, was identified. The cud locus comprises four genes, three of which encode proteins with significant similarities to those known to be involved in choline transport and ...

The interactions that may occur between microorganisms in different ecosystems have not been adequately studied yet. We investigated yeast-bacterium interactions in a synthetic medium using different culture associations involving the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 1E07 and two bacteria, Staphylococcus xylosus C2a and Lactococcus lactis ...

Using both automated nanospray and online liquid chromatography mass spectrometry LC-MS strategies, 99 proteins have been newly identified by top-down tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in Methanosarcina acetivorans, the methanogen with the largest known genome [5.7 mega base pairs (Mb)] for an Archaeon. Because top-down MS/MS was used, 15 proteins were detected with ...

We used ¹³C-labeled methane to document the extent of trace methane oxidation by Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Archaeoglobus lithotrophicus, Archaeoglobus profundus, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanosarcina acetivorans. The results indicate trace methane ...

MA3998 ABC transporter, ATP-binding protein R 59,883 5.43 129 ND MA4012 conserved hypothetical protein S 39,745 4.87 172 ND MA4406 ABC transporter, ATP-binding protein O 27,719 5 protein S 32,353 5.60 ND 56 MA0659 Na+-transporting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, subunit 1 C 49,300 6

BackgroundAcetate is the major source of methane in nature. The majority of investigations have focused on acetotrophic methanogens for which energy-conserving electron transport is dependent on the production and consumption of H₂ as an intermediate, although the great majority of acetotrophs are unable to metabolize H₂. The presence of cytochrome c ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Acetate is the major source of methane in nature. The majority of investigations have focused on acetotrophic methanogens for which energy-conserving electron transport is dependent on the production and consumption of H2 as an intermediate, although the great majority of acetotrophs are unable to metabolize H2. The presence of cytochrome c and a complex (Ma-Rnf) homologous ...

RNA from Lake Michigan sediment was hybridized with a DNA probe for archaeal 16S rRNA. There was a peak of archaeal rRNA abundance in the oxic zone and another immediately below it. Six contributing species were identified by PCR amplification of extracted DNA with primers specific for archaeal rDNA: two related to Methanosarcina acetivorans and four related to marine ...

The acyl-AMP forming family of adenylating enzymes catalyze two-step reactions to activate a carboxylate with the chemical energy derived from ATP hydrolysis. X-ray crystal structures have been determined for multiple members of this family and, together with biochemical studies, provide insights into the active site and catalytic mechanisms used by these enzymes. These studies have shown that the ...

Methanosarcina is the only acetate-consuming genus of methanogenic archaea other than Methanosaeta and thus is important in methanogenic environments for the formation of the greenhouse gases methane and carbon dioxide. However, little is known about isotopic discrimination during acetoclastic CH₄ production. Therefore, we studied two species of the Methanosarcinaceae ...

Short- and medium-chain acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) synthetases catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA from an acyl substrate, ATP, and CoA. These enzymes catalyze mechanistically similar two-step reactions that proceed through an enzyme-bound acyl-AMP intermediate. Here we describe the characterization of a member of this enzyme family from the methane-producing archaeon Methanosarcina ...

Methanosarcina acetivorans produces acetate, formate, and methane when cultured with CO as the growth substrate [Rother M, Metcalf WW (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:16929�16934], which suggests novel features of CO metabolism. Here we present a genome-wide proteomic approach to identify and quantify proteins differentially abundant in response to growth on CO versus ...

Dopamine transporter (DAT) internalization is a mechanism underlying the decreased dopamine reuptake caused by addictive drugs like methamphetamine (METH). We found that Piccolo, a presynaptic scaffolding protein, was overexpressed in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the mice repeatedly administrated with METH. Piccolo downexpression by antisense technique augmented METH-induced behavioral ...

The structure and dynamics of the C 2A2 electronically excited state of the benzyl radical, C7H7, were investigated by nanosecond and femtosecond pump-probe photoionization. A free jet of benzyl radicals was generated by flash pyrolysis from the precursors 2-phenylethyl nitrite and toluene. Nanosecond multiphoton ionization spectra ...

Phosphoserine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.52), an enzyme of the "phosphorylated pathway" leading to the formation of serine, was purified from Scenedesmus obliquus, mutant C-2 A'. Purification started from the soluble supernatant of a crude cell homogenate and included different affinity and DEAE chromatographic techniques, as well as ...

Capstone course G Global Issues course #12;Chemistry CHEM 100 Chemistry & Today's World B1b CHEM 111A General World C2a or D2 C/LT 320ILG Comic Spirit C2a C/LT 324IL Theatre Today C1 C/LT 342 The Bible C2b R/ST 351 Hinduism C2b R/ST 352G Religions of India C2b R/ST ...

... Title : STRAIN MEASUREMENT WITH RESISTANCE STRAIN GAGES SUBJECTED TO HIGH PRESSURES. Corporate Author : ...