Thiolase I and II coexist as part of the glyoxysomal ?-oxidation system in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cotyledons, the only system shown to have both forms. The importance of thiolases can be underscored not only by their ubiquity, but also by their involvement in a wide variety of processes in plants, animals and bacteria. Here we describe the ...

Acetoacetyl-CoA is the precursor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA in the mevalonate pathway, which is essential for terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA is also the precursor of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, a polymer belonging to the polyester class produced by microorganisms. The de novo synthesis of acetoacetyl-CoA ...

Acetoacetyl-CoA is the precursor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA in the mevalonate pathway, which is essential for terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA is also the precursor of poly-?-hydroxybutyrate, a polymer belonging to the polyester class produced by microorganisms. The de novo synthesis of acetoacetyl-CoA is ...

Thiolase I and II coexist as part of the glyoxysomal beta-oxidation system in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cotyledons, the only system shown to have both forms. The importance of thiolases can be underscored not only by their ubiquity, but also by their involvement in a wide variety of processes in plants, animals and bacteria. Here we describe the ...

Thiolase I and II coexist as part of the glyoxysomal ?-oxidation system in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cotyledons, the only system shown to have both forms. The importance of thiolases can be underscored not only by their ubiquity, but also by their involvement in a wide variety of processes in plants, animals and bacteria. Here we describe the ...

Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (EC 2.3.1.9), also called thiolase II, condenses two molecules of acetyl-CoA to give acetoacetyl-CoA. This is the first enzymatic step in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids via mevalonate (MVA). In this work, thiolase II from alfalfa (MsAACT1) was identified and cloned. ...

The kinetics of benzoate degradation by the anaerobic syntrophic bacterium, Syntrophus buswellii, was studied in coculture with Desulfovibrio strain G11. The threshold value for benzoate degradation was dependent on the acetate concentration with benzoate threshold values ranging from 2.4 {mu}M at 20 mM acetate to 30.0 {mu}M at 65 mM acetate. Increasing acetate concentrations also inhibited the ...

The kinetics of benzoate degradation by the anaerobic syntrophic bacterium, Syntrophus buswellii, was studied in coculture with Desulfovibrio strain G11. The threshold value for benzoate degradation was dependent on the acetate concentration with benzoate threshold values ranging from 2.4 [mu]M at 20 mM acetate to 30.0 [mu]M at 65 mM acetate. Increasing acetate concentrations also inhibited the ...

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) granules isolated in native form (nPHB granules) from Ralstonia eutropha catalyzed formation of PHB from (14)C-labeled acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) in the presence of NADPH and concomitantly released CoA, revealing that PHB biosynthetic proteins (acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, ...

Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency (or beta-ketothiolase deficiency) is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by acute episodes of severe acidosis and ketosis. A case is presented of an 18-month-old boy who presented with vomiting and diarrhoea and was found to be markedly acidotic. When the acidosis persisted despite saline fluid boluses ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is an intracellular pathogen that shifts to a lipid-based metabolism in the host. Moreover, metabolism of the host lipid cholesterol plays an important role in M. tuberculosis infection. We used transcriptional profiling to identify genes transcriptionally regulated by cholesterol and KstR (Rv3574), a TetR-like repressor. The fadA5 ...

We have directly tested the ability of acetoacetate, upon activation to the CoA thioester, to channel into the cholesterogenic pathway prior to scrambling of its carbon skeleton with the acetate pool. The approach relies upon trapping [3-13C]acetoacetate-derived hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA, hydrolyzing this metabolite, and esterifying the resulting hydroxymethylglutaric acid to ...

Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (AT) is an enzyme that catalyses the CoA-dependent thiolytic cleavage of acetoacetyl-CoA to yield 2 molecules of acetyl-CoA, or the reverse condensation reaction. A full-length cDNA clone pBSGT-3, which has homology to known thiolases, was isolated from Dictyostelium cDNA library. ...

The availability and utilization of B-hydroxybutyrate as an alternate oxidative fuel during fasting hypoglycemia has been examined in the rat conceptus at 18 and 20 days gestation. A 48-hr maternal fast between days 16 and 18 or 18 and 20 resulted in a 50% fall in fetal glucose levels and a marked rise in B-hydroxybutyrate, i.e., 30-fold at 18 and 60-fold at 20 days. Tissue concentrations of ...

Acetoacetyl coenzyme A (acetoacetyl-CoA) thiolase, an enzyme required for short-chain fatty acid degradation, has been purified to near homogeneity from Caulobacter crescentus. The relative heat stability of this enzyme allowed it to be separated from beta-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. The purification scheme minus the ...

The first step of the butanol pathway involves an acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACoAAT), which controls the key branching point from acetyl-CoA to butanol. ACoAAT, also known as thiolase (EC 2.3.1.9), is encoded by the thl gene and catalyzes ligation of 2 acetyl-CoA into acetoacetyl-CoA. Bioinform...

The first step of the butanol pathway involves an acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACoAAT), which controls the key branching point from acetyl-CoA to butanol. ACoAAT, also known as thiolase (EC 2.3.1.9), is encoded by the thl gene and catalyzes ligation of 2 acetyl-CoA into acetoacetyl-CoA. Bioinform...

A thl gene encoding the thiolase (EC 2.3.1.9) of Clostridium pasteurianum was cloned by thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL) PCR. It consists of 1179 bp with 36.8% GC content and encodes 392 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 40,954 Da and shows 77% identity and 88% similarity to that of Clostridium tetani E88 and should be classified as a biosynthetic ...

Metabolism This collection curated by Stephen Chanock (sc83a@nih.gov) Gene Description Sequences Sequence assembly Predicted SNPs having score >= 0.99 ACAT1 Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (acetoacetyl Coenzyme A thiolase) D90228 D10511 ACAT2 Acetyl-Coenzyme

Ketogenesis is usually measured in vivo by dilution of tracers of (3R)-hydroxybutyrate or acetoacetate. We show that, in perfused working rat hearts, the specific activities of (3R)-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are diluted by isotopic exchanges in the absence of net ketogenesis. We call this process pseudoketogenesis. When hearts are perfused with buffer containing 2.3 mM of (4-3H)- plus ...

A biosynthetic pathway for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] was developed in Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum by an acetoacetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthase (AACS) recently isolated from terpenoid-producing Streptomyces sp. strain CL190. Expression of AACS led to significant productions of P(3HB) in E. coli (10.5 wt %) and C. glutamicum (19.7 ...

The breakdown of fatty acids, performed by the beta-oxidation cycle, is crucial for plant germination and sustainability. beta-Oxidation involves four enzymatic reactions. The final step, in which a two-carbon unit is cleaved from the fatty acid, is performed by a 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (KAT). The shortened fatty acid may then pass through the cycle again (until reaching ...

The breakdown of fatty acids, performed by the ?-oxidation cycle, is crucial for plant germination and sustainability. ?-Oxidation involves four enzymatic reactions. The final step, in which a two-carbon unit is cleaved from the fatty acid, is performed by a 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (KAT). The shortened fatty acid may then pass through the cycle again (until reaching ...

Cytosolic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase catalyzes the formation of HMG-CoA, the substrate for the rate-controlling enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. To explore the regulation in liver, we developed a new, accurate, and reliable reversed-phase ion-pair chromatographic assay that uses nonradioactive substrates and n-propionyl coenzyme A as an internal ...

This project seeks to elucidate the property of enzymes catalyzing acetone-butanol-isopropanol formation in Clostridium beijerinckii. The emphasis is on characterization of isopropanol dehydrogenase and butanol dehydrogenase in respect to substrate and electron carrier specificities, and characterization of the enzyme(s) converting acetoacetyl CoA to ...

1. ?-Ketothiolase was purified 49-fold from fructose-grown cells of Hydrogenomonas eutropha H16 with a yield of 27%; the purification procedure involved precipitation by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-200; the freeze-dried enzyme is stable. The molecular weight determined by sucrose-gradient centrifugation (8.2S) and by gel ...

Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (acetoacetate:CoA ligase) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from a rat liver supernatant by ammonium sulfate fractionation and successive chromatographies on DEAE-Sepharose, Blue-Sepharose, Red-Sepharose, CoA-Sepharose, Ultrogel AcA-44, and DEAE-Sepharose once again. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 2.3 mumol ...

Screened for by all state newborn screening (NBS) programs in the United States, mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase (T2), or ?-ketothiolase, deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that causes ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia. Outcomes vary from normal development to severe cognitive impairment or even death after an acute ...

Complementary DNAs encoding the precursor of human hepatic mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) (EC 2.3.1.9) were cloned and sequenced. The cDNA inserts in these clones were 1,518 bases in length when overlapped, and encoded the 427-amino acid precursor of this enzyme (45,199 mol wt). This amino acid sequence included a 33-residue leader peptide ...

The bacterium Ralstonia eutropha H16 synthesizes polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) through reactions catalyzed by a ?-ketothiolase (PhaA), an acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (PhaB), and a polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (PhaC). An operon of three genes encoding these enzymatic steps was discovered in R. eutropha and has been well studied. Sequencing and ...

The bacterium Ralstonia eutropha H16 synthesizes polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) through reactions catalyzed by a ?-ketothiolase (PhaA), an acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (PhaB), and a polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (PhaC). An operon of three genes encoding these enzymatic steps was discovered in R. eutropha and has been well studied. Sequencing and ...

The activation of pyruvate dehydrogenasea kinase activity by CoA esters has been further characterized. Half-maximal activation of kinase activity was achieved with about 1.0 microM acetyl-CoA after a 20-s preincubation in the presence of NADH. More than 80% of the acetyl-CoA was consumed during this period in acetylating sites in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex as a result ...

Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 possesses a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-specific ?-ketothiolase encoded by phaA_Syn and an acetoacetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase encoded by phaB_Syn. A similarity search of the entire Synechocystis genome sequence identified a cluster of two putative open reading frames (ORFs) for ...

Biochemical controls that regulate the biosynthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) were investigated in Rhizobium (Cicer) sp. strain CC 1192. This species is of interest for studying PHB synthesis because the polymer accumulates to a large extent in free-living cells but not in bacteroids during nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants. Evidence is presented that ...

Advanced (long-chain) fuels and chemicals are generated from short-chain metabolic intermediates through pathways that require carbon-chain elongation. The condensation reactions mediating this carbon-carbon bond formation can be catalysed by enzymes from the thiolase superfamily, including ?-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier protein (ACP) synthases, polyketide synthases, ...

The aim of this study is to elucidate the property of enzymes specifically involved in the formation of acetone, butanol, and isopropanol in Clostridium beijerinckii (formerly C. butyricum). Specifically to determine whether one or two alcohol dehydrogenases were involved in the formation of butanol and isopropanol and to identify and characterize the enzyme converting ...

A synthetic pathway was engineered in Escherichia coli to produce isopropanol by expressing various combinations of genes from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, E. coli K-12 MG1655, Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B593, and Thermoanaerobacter brockii HTD4. The strain with the combination of C. acetobutylicum thl (acetyl-coenzyme A [CoA] acetyltransferase), E. coli atoAD ...

Skeletal muscle lipid storage was induced by feeding rats brominated vegetable oil (BVO). The defect was examined by measuring radioactive substrate oxidation, intermediates of fatty acid oxidation, and activities of oxidative enzymes. One- and U-[14C] palmitate and 1-[14C] pyruvate oxidation were reduced in muscle after four doses of BVO. Inhibition of U-[14C] palmitate oxidation occurred after ...

Thiolase proceeds via covalent catalysis involving an acetyl-S-enzyme. The active-site thiol nucleophile is identified as Cys{sub 89} by acetylation with ({sup 14}C)acetyl-CoA, rapid denaturation, tryptic digestion, and sequencing of the labeled peptide. The native acetyl enzyme is labile to hydrolytic decomposition with t{sub {1/2}} of 2 min at pH 7, 25{degree}C. Cys{sub 89} ...

1. The maximum activities of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase in nervous tissue from 18 different animals from different phyla range from 5.1 to 17.6 and from 24.0?mol/min per g fresh wt. respectively. In any one tissue the activities of these two enzymes are, in general, very similar. The rate of glucose utilization by the brain in vivo is much lower than the activities of hexokinase or ...

The biochemical and molecular properties of the ?-oxidation enzymes from algae have not been investigated yet. The present study provides such data for the phylogenetically old alga Euglena (Euglena gracilis). A novel multifunctional ?-oxidation complex was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, density gradient centrifugation, and ion-exchange chromatography. Monospecific ...

Syntrophomonas wolfei is an anaerobic fatty acid degrader that can only be grown in coculture with H2-using bacteria such as Methanospirillum hungatei. Cells of S. wolfei were selectively lysed by lysozyme treatment, and unlysed cells of M. hungatei were removed by centrifugation. The cell extract of S. wolfei obtained with this method had low levels of contamination by methanogenic cofactors. ...

To prepare medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with altered physical properties, we generated recombinant Escherichia coli strains that synthesized PHAs with altered monomer compositions. Experiments with different substrates (fatty acids with different chain lengths) or different E. coli hosts failed to produce PHAs with altered physical properties. Therefore, we engineered a new ...

A consortium of the newly isolated bacterial strains Arthrobacter sp. strain G1 and Ralstonia sp. strain H1 utilized 4-fluorocinnamic acid for growth under aerobic conditions. Strain G1 converted 4-fluorocinnamic acid into 4-fluorobenzoic acid and used the two-carbon side chain for growth, with some formation of 4-fluoroacetophenone as a dead-end side product. In the presence of strain H1, ...

A consortium of the newly isolated bacterial strains Arthrobacter sp. strain G1 and Ralstonia sp. strain H1 utilized 4-fluorocinnamic acid for growth under aerobic conditions. Strain G1 converted 4-fluorocinnamic acid into 4-fluorobenzoic acid and used the two-carbon side chain for growth, with some formation of 4-fluoroacetophenone as a dead-end side product. In the presence of strain H1, ...

The expression of the Ato enzymes, acetyl coenzyme A:acetoacetyl coenzyme A transferase and thiolase II, is required for growth of Escherichia coli on short-chain fatty acids. The structural genes for these enzymes, atoD, atoA, and atoB, respectively, make up the ato operon. A 48-kilodalton protein encoded by atoC was required for the synthesis or ...

In several pine bark beetle species, phloem feeding induces aggregation pheromone production to coordinate a mass attack on the host tree. Male pine engraver beetles, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), produce the monoterpenoid pheromone component ipsdienol de novo via the mevalonate pathway in the anterior midgut upon feeding. To understand how pheromone production is regulated in this ...

In several pine bark beetle species, phloem feeding induces aggregation pheromone production to coordinate a mass attack on the host tree. Male pine engraver beetles, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), produce the monoterpenoid pheromone component ipsdienol de novo via the mevalonate pathway in the anterior midgut upon feeding. To understand how pheromone production is regulated in this ...

Chromosomal locations of the Atm (ataxia-telangiectasia (AT)-mutated) and Acat1 (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase) genes in mouse, rat, and Syrian hamster were determined by direct R-banding FISH. Both genes were colocalized to the C-D band of mouse chromosome 9, the proximal end of q24.1 of ra chromosome 8, and qa4-aq5 of Syrian hamster chromosome ...

The thiolase family is a widespread group of proteins present in prokaryotes and three cellular compartments of eukaryotes. This fact makes this family interesting in order to study the evolutionary process of eukaryotes. Using the sequence of peroxisomal thiolase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae recently obtained by us and the other known ...

The crystal structure of rat liver mitochondrial enoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) hydratase complexed with the potent inhibitor acetoacetyl-CoA has been refined at 2.5 angstroms resolution. This enzyme catalyses the reversible addition of water to alpha,beta-unsaturated enoyl-CoA thioesters, with nearly diffusion-controlled reaction rates for the best substrates. ...

Coenzyme A (CoA) transferase from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was purified 81-fold to homogeneity. This enzyme was stable in the presence of 0.5 M ammonium sulfate and 20% (vol/vol) glycerol, whereas activity was rapidly lost in the absence of these stabilizers. The kinetic binding mechanism was Ping Pong Bi Bi, and the Km values at pH 7.5 and 30 degrees C for acetate, ...

Coenzyme A (CoA) transferase from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was purified 81-fold to homogeneity. This enzyme was stable in the presence of 0.5 M ammonium sulfate and 20% (vol/vol) glycerol, whereas activity was rapidly lost in the absence of these stabilizers. The kinetic binding mechanism was Ping Pong Bi Bi, and the K{sub m} values at pH 7.5 and 30{degree}C for ...

Ox liver mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (EC 4.1.3.5) reacts with acetyl-CoA to form a complex in which the acetyl group is covalently bound to the enzyme. This acetyl group can be removed by addition of acetoacetyl-CoA or CoA. The extent of acetylation and release of CoA were found to be highly ...

Arabidopsis thaliana COMATOSE (CTS) encodes an ABC transporter involved in peroxisomal import of substrates for ?-oxidation. Various cts alleles and mutants disrupted in steps of peroxisomal ?-oxidation have previously been reported to exhibit a severe block on seed germination. Oxylipin analysis on cts, acyl CoA oxidase1 acyl CoA oxidase2 (acx1 acx2), and ...

Arabidopsis thaliana COMATOSE (CTS) encodes an ABC transporter involved in peroxisomal import of substrates for ?-oxidation. Various cts alleles and mutants disrupted in steps of peroxisomal ?-oxidation have previously been reported to exhibit a severe block on seed germination. Oxylipin analysis on cts, acyl CoA oxidase1 acyl CoA oxidase2 (acx1 acx2), and ...

Biosynthesis of the isoprenoid precursor isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) proceeds via two distinct pathways. Sequence comparisons and microbiological data suggest that multidrug-resistant strains of gram-positive cocci employ exclusively the mevalonate pathway for IPP biosynthesis. Bacterial mevalonate pathway enzymes therefore offer potential targets for development of active site-directed ...

Heart mitochondria from chronically diabetic rats ('diabetic mitochondria'), in metabolic State 3, oxidized 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate at a relatively slow rate, as compared with mitochondria from normal rats ('normal mitochondria'). No significant differences were observed, however, with pyruvate or L-glutamate plus L-malate as substrates. Diabetic mitochondria also showed decreased ...

Thiolases are enzymes that remove an acetyl-coenzyme A group from acyl-CoA in the catabolic ?-oxidation of fatty acids, or catalyse the reverse condensation reaction for anabolic processes such as the biosynthesis of sterols and ketone bodies. In humans, six homologous isoforms of thiolase have been described, differing from each other in sequence, ...

The sorting of homologous proteins between two separate intracellular organelles is a major unsolved problem. 3-Oxoacyl-CoA thiolase is localized in mitochondria and peroxisomes, and provides a good system for the study on the problem. Unlike most mitochondrial matrix proteins, mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase in rats is synthesized with no transient ...

5-Aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the first, and regulatory, step of the heme biosynthetic pathway in nonplant eukaryotes and some bacteria. 5-Aminolevulinate synthase is a dimeric protein having an ordered kinetic mechanism with glycine binding before succinyl-CoA and with aminolevulinate release after CoA and carbon ...

In the present study, the cloning, expression and characterization of the rate-limiting enzyme of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation spiral, acyl CoA oxidase (AOX), from koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) liver is described. It has been previously reported that peroxisomal cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl-CoA oxidation activity was absent in koala liver [Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (C) 127 ...

This project will elucidate the molecular properties of solvent-forming enzymes and to understand the mechanisms for regulating the metabolic pathway and the expression of solvent-production genes. Our research has been carried out mostly with two strains of Clostridium beijerinckii (Clostridium butylicum). C. beijerinckii strain B593 is the more versatile one as it produces acetone, n-butanol, ...

Sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) was independently discovered as a soluble protein that binds and transfers cholesterol as well as phospholipids (nonspecific lipid transfer protein, nsLTP) in vitro. Physiological functions of this protein are only now beginning to be resolved. The gene encoding SCP-2 also encodes sterol carrier protein-x (SCP-x) arising from an alternate transcription site. In ...

Medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) consisting of 3-hydroxyhexanoate (HHx), 3-hydroxyoctanoate (HO), 3-hydroxydecanoate, 3-hydroxydodecanoate, and high-content 3-hydroxytetradecanoate (HTD) was produced by knockout mutant Pseudomonas putida KT2442 termed P. putida KTOY06. When grown on 6 to14 g/L single-carbon-source tetradecanoic acid, P. putida KTOY06, which beta-oxidation ...

Catechols are central intermediates in the metabolism of aromatic compounds. Degradation of 4-methylcatechol via intradiol cleavage usually leads to the formation of 4-methylmuconolactone (4-ML) as a dead-end metabolite. Only a few microorganisms are known to mineralize 4-ML. The mml gene cluster of Pseudomonas reinekei MT1, which encodes enzymes involved in the metabolism of 4-ML, is shown here ...

Synthetic metabolic pathways have been constructed for the production of enantiopure (R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) from glucose in recombinant Escherichia coli strains. To promote maximal activity, we profiled three thiolase homologs (BktB, Thl, and PhaA) and two coenzyme A (CoA) removal mechanisms (Ptb-Buk and TesB). Two enantioselective 3HB-CoA ...

Aromatic compounds represent an important source of energy for soil-dwelling organisms. The beta-ketoadipate pathway is a key metabolic pathway involved in the catabolism of the aromatic compounds protocatechuate and catechol, and here we show through enzymatic analysis and mutant analysis that genes required for growth and catabolism of protocatechuate in the soil-dwelling bacterium Sinorhizobium ...

The denitrifying �Aromatoleum aromaticum� strain EbN1 was demonstrated to utilize p-ethylphenol under anoxic conditions and was suggested to employ a degradation pathway which is reminiscent of known anaerobic ethylbenzene degradation in the same bacterium: initial hydroxylation of p-ethylphenol to 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol followed by dehydrogenation to p-hydroxyacetophenone. Possibly, ...

... in children with Down syndrome. Coarctation of the Aorta (COA) COA is a narrowing of a portion of the aorta, and often seriously decreases the blood flow from ...

The COAS could also be mounted in the LM overhead docking window. An identical instrument was ... Scan courtesy Jody Russell and Mike Gentry, NASA Johnson. ...

The polythermal solubility of acetoacetylferrocene and 1,1'- bis-(acetoacetyl)ferrocene in water-propanol and water-isopropanol solvents of various compositions was studied. The solubility of both derivatives increased as the contents of the alcohols grew, to a slightly greater extent for acetoacetylferrocene than for 1,1'- bis-(acetoacetyl)ferrocene. The ...

The keto-enol equilibrium of 2 � 10-3 M solutions of (acetoacetyl)ferrocene and 1,1'-bis(acetoacetyl)ferrocene was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy in a series of aprotic solvents such as DMSO- d 6, (CD3)2CO, CDCl3, CD2Cl2, CCl4, and C6D6 at a temperature of 20�C. It was established that the calculated enolization constants increase with a decrease in ...

Most peroxisomal matrix proteins possess a carboxy-terminal tripeptide targeting signal, termed peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 (PTS1), and follow a relatively well-characterized pathway of import into the organelle. The peroxisomal targeting signal type 2 (PTS2) pathway of peroxisomal matrix protein import is less well understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of PTS2 protein ...

Polymetallic derivatives based on quinizarin or quinizarin and 4,4'-bis-(acetoacetyl)-phenyl ether and the following metals: zinc, copper, manganese, nickel, cobalt, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, and beryllium, were synthesized and investigated. (Author)

The chromosomal location of the human gene coding for peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase (ACAA) was determined with the aid of cDNA and genomic probes by screening of rodent x human somatic cell hybrids and in situ hybridization. The results localize the gene to chromosome region 3p22----p23. PMID:2630187

Determined the proportion of children of alcoholics (COA) in an African-American population of 649 adolescents, and examined the relationship between COA status, self-esteem, age, and gender on their own drinking. One in four were COAs, and 27% of drinkers were COAs. Age, low self-esteem, and ...

This paper demonstrates qualitative spatial reasoning techniques in a real-world diagrammatic reasoning task: Course-of-Action (COA) diagrams. COA diagrams are military planning diagrams that depict unit movements and tasks in a given region. COA diagrams...

This reaction diagram is part of the resource collection of the Health Education Assets Library (HEAL). Hydration of the double bond is catalyzed by enoyl CoA hydratase. The product is an L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA. This reaction is a step in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids.

Fatty acyl CoA is dehydrogenated by FAD in a reaction catalyzed by one of the acyl CoA dehydrogenases. Note that the dehydrogenation occurs between the alpha- and beta-carbons.

The rhizomelic form of chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is a peroxisomal disorder characterized biochemically by an impairment of plasmalogen biosynthesis and phytanate catabolism. We have now found that the maturation of peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase is impaired in fibroblasts from RCDP patients. To establish the subcellular localization of the 3-oxoacyl-CoA ...

Examined self-esteem, depression, and anxiety among 60 adult children of alcoholics (COAs) and 143 adult non-COAs. Subjects completed Children of Alcoholics Screening Test, demographic questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Found no significant differences between ...

An NADH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase from Euglena gracilis variety bacillaris was extensively purified and characterized. Two different isoelectric forms of the reductase with identical characteristics otherwise were found. The reductase was noncompetitively inhibited by acyl carrier protein, K_i 5.6 micromolar at pH 5.4; this inhibition decreased ...

... The user selects the desired map layer, draws and positions the shape, and selects the ... COA Sketch supports COA analysis and comparison by ...

of cognitive workload. Figure 6 - Full data blocks. ACA566 and COA954 display the usual full datablock. COA954

... Title : Effects of HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitor Therapy on LDL Cholesterol Blood Levels in Hyperlipidemia: A Longitudinal Retrospective Anlaysis ...

... Date (Earliest deployment closure allowed by COA) -- This is also known as the COA closure date, and is given as an offset from D-day (I)+X). ...

This study examined the impact of being an adult child of an alcoholic family (COA) on one's personal and interpersonal adjustment. First, it was predicted that because of difficulties with interpersonal trust, COAs would express less of a need for social approval compared with non-COAs. A related prediction was that ...

It was found possible to obtain coordination polymers by polyrecombination (4.4'-bis(acetoacetyl) phenyl ether + Be); by the reaction of ethers with terminal acetoacetate groups having metallic derivatives (diacetate acetones of N-xylyleneglycol and di-(b...

A commercially available immobilized preparation of Rhizomucor miehei lipase (Lipozyme RMIM) has been employed in the synthesis of partial glycerides of acetoacetate. Due to the chemical reactivitity of the acetoacetyl group, these glycerides could have novel uses in e.g. polymer formation. Both 1...

Studies of intracomplex beryllium containing 4,4'bis(acetoacetyl)diphenyl oxide polymer showed that the polymer is stable up to 280 deg C. The depth and rate of polymer disintegration at high temperatures is higher in the air media than nitrogen. Intracomplex polymer does not alter its properties after 3 to 4 hours of heating at 300 to 325 deg , following 2 ...

Contents: General Introduction; Luciferase as a reporter for gene expression studies in yeast; Regulation of transcription of the gene coding for peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; A transcriptional control element serves as a...

, Aloe arborescens enzymes are found to be basal to the rest of the family including enzymes from bryophytes, suggesting their appearance during earlier evolution of the family (Fig. 7). A. arborescens

Thiolases are important in fatty-acid degradation and biosynthetic pathways. Analysis of the genomic sequence of Mycobacterium smegmatis suggests the presence of several putative thiolase genes. One of these genes appears to code for an SCP-x protein. Human SCP-x consists of an N-terminal domain (referred to as SCP2 thiolase) and a ...