Vitreoretinal diseases are refractory to both topical and systemic pharmacological approaches because of specific environment of the eye. That is, the cornea, the sclera, nasolacrimal drainage of tears, frontward stream of aqueous humor, blood-aqueous barrier, and blood-retinal barrier strictly limit penetration and diffusion of drug into the retina. However, recent advances in intraocular drug ...

The paper presents the evolution of a diabetic patient with CSME resistant to laser treatment. The intravitreal injection of Triamcinolone Acetonid represented a very efficient therapeutic solution the visual accuity improving for a period of 7-9 months. PMID:20827918

This document describes a randomized efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection(s) of triamcinoline acetonide with standard care to treat macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion amd branch retinal vein occlusion.

Purification of commercially available formulations of triamcinolone acetonide is important to avoid potential toxic effects of the vehicle for intravitreal use. In 2004, a simple and rapid method to remove most of the vehicle with a centrifuge was reported. The aim of this article is to study the degree to which benzyl alcohol can be eliminated with this ...

Diabetic retinopathy remains a major cause of worldwide preventable blindness. Measures to avoid blindness include medical management (control of blood sugar, blood pressure, and serum lipids) and ocular management (laser photocoagulation and pars plana vitrectomy). Adjunctive pharmacologic therapies (intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and anti-vascular ...

Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy is the most common optic neuropathy of the elderly, characterised by unilateral, sudden, painless visual loss. No effective treatment has been proven to reverse or limit the course of this disease. We evaluated the role of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection in eyes with non-arteritic anterior ...

PurposeTo compare intravitreous bevacizumab to other current treatments of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and hemisphere retinal vein occlusion (HRVO) with consideration to visual outcome, cost, convenience, and risk of treatment.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review from a large referral retina practice. The data comprise 56 patients with BRVO and HRVO treated by ...

We present a case of diabetic macular edema in a pregnant patient treated with a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonomide. Initial presentation and serial examinations after treatment included visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and optical coherence tomography. Resolution of visual acuity and macular edema were present six weeks ...

PURPOSE:: To characterize the safety profile of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for intraocular application. METHODS:: In vitro cell viability assay was performed on 2 types of human ocular cells to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the simulated different vitreal concentrations (from a 1:15 dilution as if injected into 1.5 mL of rabbit vitreous to 1:50 dilution as if injected into 5 ...

Purpose:To compare the efficacy of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab alone or combined with intravitreal triamcinolone as the primary treatment for cases with diabetic macular edema (DME).Methods:Ninety eyes were enrolled in one of the three study arms; where intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVT) was used ...

Aim: To investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP) response after intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide as treatment of intraocular neovascular or oedematous diseases.Methods: The prospective consecutive non-comparative interventional case series study included 71 patients (75 eyes) with progressive exudative age related macular degeneration ...

ObjectiveTo report the incidence of endophthalmitis, in addition to its clinical and microbiological aspects, after intravitreal injection of vascular-targeting agents.MethodsA retrospective review of a consecutive series of 10,142 intravitreal injections of vascular targeting agents (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, triamcinolone acetonide, ...

This document describes two randomized trials to compare the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection(s) of triamcinolone acetonide with standard care to treat macular edema: one for central retinal vein occlusion and one for branch retinal vein occl...

PURPOSE:: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of phacoemulsification with intravitreal bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide injection in patients with diabetic clinically significant macular edema and cataract. METHODS:: The records of 22 diabetic patients, with clinically significant macular edema and cataract who have undergone ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review new clinically relevant data regarding the intraocular treatment of noninfectious uveitis. RECENT FINDINGS: Triamcinolone acetonide, the most commonly used intravitreal corticosteroid for treatment of uveitis and uveitic macular oedema has a limited duration of action and is associated with a high risk of corticosteroid-induced ...

Introduction: The use of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for the treatment of various types of macular edema has been widespread, particularly for the last decade. Currently, there is a scant amount of evidence-based literature evaluating the pharmacokinetic profile of TA despite clinical data showing the efficacy of ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in aqueous inflammatory and angiogenic cytokine levels after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone or bevacizumab for reducing foveal thickness in diabetic macular edema (DME). DESIGN: Prospective, interventional case series. METHODS: Twenty-two eyes of 11 patients with bilateral DME and 6 eyes of 6 patients undergoing cataract surgery ...

Intravitreally applied triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is used to treat a variety of macular diseases. Commercially available products of TA are mainly intended for intramuscular application and contain benzyl alcohol (BA) as a bacteriostatic preservative. Since this agent damages ocular tissues, different methods such as filtration techniques and ...

Abstract. Purpose: To compare the effect of a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and bevacizumab in reducing macular thickness, which was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO). Methods: The patients received a single intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg ...

A 58-year-old male presented with decreased visual acuity from persistent diffuse diabetic macular edema despite multiple interventions including laser photocoagulation and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injections. Following treatment with 1.25 mg of intravitreal bevacizumab, reduction in macular leakage was shown by fluorescein ...

This retrospective, interventional case series analyses treatment outcomes in eyes with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to pathological myopia, managed with photodynamic therapy, (PDT), (Group 1, N = 11), PDT and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (4 mg/0.1ml) (Group 2, N = 3), PDT and intravitreal anti-vascular ...

We report a case of HELLP syndrome with bilateral decreased vision at 25 weeks' gestation. Fundus examination revealed serous retinal detachment involving the macula. Systemic steroid and oral dorzolamide therapy was initiated and visual acuity improved. At 2 months, peripheral localized tractional retinal detachment was present in the left eye and argon laser photocoagulation was performed. ...

AimTo evaluate the predictive factors for visual outcome after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection to treat refractory diabetic macular oedema (DME).MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients with DME who met the following inclusion criteria was performed: clinically significant diabetic macular oedema, receipt of a 4?mg/0.1?ml ...

PURPOSETo evaluate the incidence of intravitreal silicone oil (SO) droplets associated with intravitreal injections using a staked-on versus luer cone syringe design in the Standard Care versus COrticosteroid in REtinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) Study.DESIGNProspective, randomized, phase III clinical trial.METHODSThe incidence of ...

PurposeTo evaluate therapeutic effects and usefulness of a combination treatment of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with clinically significant macular edema secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).MethodsVisual acuity test, fundoscopy, fluorescein angiography, and ...

Purpose. To report the outcome of a single intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection as an adjunctive treatment with systemic medication for refractory uveitic cystoid macular edema (CME). Methods. This was a retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Medical records of 25 patients (35 eyes) with quiescent uveitic CME who were ...

AimsTo compare the non-decanted (standard) 4 mg versus the decanted 20 mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injections and to assess their effect on intraocular pressure (IOP).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 92 consecutive eyes, which received an intravitreal injection of either dose of triamcinolone ...

PurposeTo evaluate the hypotensive effects of glycyrrhizin (GL) on a rabbit model of ocular hypertension (OH) induced by triamcinolone acetonide (TA).MethodsForty New Zealand White Rabbits were divided as follows: control (intravitreal injection of sterile saline solution); GL (intravitreal injection of sterile saline solution, then ...

ABSTRACTPurposeA computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study examined the impact of particle size on dissolution rate and residence of intravitreal suspension depots of Triamcinolone Acetonide (TAC).MethodsA model for the rabbit eye was constructed using insights from high-resolution NMR imaging studies (Sawada 2002). The current model was compared to other ...

Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is a corticosteroid drug currently administered by intravitreal injection for a broad spectrum of inflammatory, edematous and angiogenic ocular diseases. To increase the drug's bioavailability by ocular instillation, TA was encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), previously optimized by our group using a factorial ...

Even if several studies have clearly demonstrated that a good control of glycemia and arterial pressure allow reducing the incidence and the progression of diabetic retinopathy, there is currently no drug treatment to prevent the incidence or progression of diabetic retinopathy. However, significant progress has been made in treating the complications of diabetic retinopathy, including diabetic ...

Corticosteroids are hormones involved in many physiological responses such as stress, immune modulation, protein catabolism and water homeostasis. The subfamily of glucocorticoids is used systemically in the treatment of inflammatory diseases or allergic reactions. In the eye, glucocorticoides are used to treat macular edema, inflammation and neovascularization. The most commonly used ...

We review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology of cystoid macular edema (CME). Inflammatory, diabetic, post-cataract, and macular edema due to age-related macular degeneration is described. The role of chronic inflammation and hypoxia and direct macular traction is evaluated in each case according to different views from the literature. The different diagnostic methods for evaluating ...

Purpose.To study the neuroprotective properties of low-dose, sustained-release intravitreous fluocinolone acetonide (FA) in transgenic S334ter-4 rats.Methods.S334ter-4 rats aged 4 weeks were divided into four groups: 0.5 ?g/d FA-loaded intravitreous drug delivery implant (IDDI); 0.2 ?g/d FA-loaded IDDI; inactive IDDI; and unoperated ...

Purpose: To compare the effects of grid laser (GL), intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in diffuse diabetic macular edema (DDME). Procedures: One hundred and twenty-six patients (126 eyes) treated with GL (modified grid), IVTA (4 mg), and IVB (1.25 mg) injections, matched for best corrected ...

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for quantification of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in rabbit ocular tissues. After a simple liquid-liquid extraction using tert-butyl methyl ether, TA and internal standard methylprednisolone were separated on a C?? column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:water:formic acid ...

Purpose. Glucocorticoids are used to treat macular edema, although the mechanisms underlying this effect remain largely unknown. The authors have evaluated in the normal and endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) rats, the effects of dexamethasone (dex) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on potassium channel Kir4.1 and aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the two main retinal M�ller glial (RMG) ...

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1 mg and 4 mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal triamcinolone in comparison with focal/grid photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME).DesignMulti-center randomized clinical trialParticipants840 study eyes of 693 subjects with DME involving the fovea and visual acuity 20/40 to 20/320MethodsEyes were ...

PurposeTo compare the short-term effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) with those of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection for diabetic macular edema (DME).MethodsThe present retrospective, comparative case study included 58 eyes of 35 consecutive patients (IVTA group, 20 eyes; IVB group, 38 eyes) with DME. IVTA (4 ...

Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is a corticosteroid that has many uses in the treatment of ocular diseases because of its potent anti-inflammatory and anti-permeability actions. Intraocular inflammation broadly referred to as uveitis can result from several causes, including the immune system and after ophthalmic surgery. One of the most common reasons for vision loss with ...

To analyze the effects of triamcinolone intravitreal injection on the wound healing processes after argon laser retinal photocoagulation, wild type C57BL/6J mice, 8-12 weeks old underwent a standard argon laser photocoagulation protocol. After pentobarbital anesthesia and pupil dilatation, argon laser lesions were induced (50microm, 400mW, 0.05s). Two photocoagulation impacts ...

BACKGROUND: Intrvitreal injections are increasingly applied in the treatment of macular oedema of different origins. So far no clear preoperative prognostic factors are known. This investigation was implemented to quantify the predictive value of preoperative retinal sensitivity assessments by means of microperimetry with regard to the short-term course of visual acuity. METHODS: 42 patients with ...

PURPOSE: To assess long-term visual outcomes and adverse events from a fluocinolone acetonide (FA) sustained drug delivery implant in eyes with chronic macular edema from central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 24 eyes of 23 subjects with vision loss associated with chronic macular edema from CRVO. ...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) still represents one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. Since this condition affects the posterior segment of the eye, topical application of ophthalmic medicines is of limited benefit, considering that they seldom reach therapeutic levels in the affected tissues. Systemic medications can be insufficient due to the eye's immunoprivileged condition and ...

Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is one of the first pharmacologic compounds evaluated for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The most important effects of TA consist in the stabilisation of the blood-retinal barrier and the down-regulation of inflammation. TA also has anti-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic ...

PurposeTo study the effects of intravitreous triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on neovascularization (NV), capillary density, and retinal endothelial cell (REC) viability in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR).MethodsNewborn rats exposed to OIR underwent intravitreous injections (right eye) at day 14 to achieve ...

...Fluocinolone acetonide, dimethyl sulfoxide solution. 524.981d Section 524.981d ...Fluocinolone acetonide, dimethyl sulfoxide solution. (a) Specifications. Each milliliter of solution contains 0.01 percent...

The steroid triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is a potent anti-angiogenesis drug ... angiogenesis and vascular morphology would be helpful for therapeutic ...

... of double-blind or open-label treatment periods versus screening in the ... Triamcinolone acetonide is known to be teratogenic in rats, rabbits, and ...

Intravitreal injections are the standard technique applied in the treatment of some vitreoretinal diseases. In this paper the technique and complications of intravitreal injections are presented. In summary, the procedure involves various consecutive steps. Initially, days before the treatment topical antibiotics and acetazolamide may be prescribed for ...