MSL3 resides in the MSL (male-specific lethal) complex, which upregulates transcription by spreading the histone H4 Lys16 (H4K16) acetyl mark. We discovered a DNA-dependent interaction of MSL3 chromodomain with the H4K20 monomethyl mark. The structure ...
Energy Citations Database
Protein ubiquitination is a crucial component of the DNA damage response. To study the mechanism of the DNA damage-induced ubiquitination pathway, we analyzed the impact of the loss of two E3 ubiquitin ligases, RNF8 and Chfr. Notably, DNA damage-induced activation of ATM kinase is suppressed in cells deficient in both RNF8 and Chfr (double-knockout, or DKO), and DKO mice develop thymic lymphomas ...
PubMed
... of Yeast Cells by Inhibition of Histone H4 Acetylation. Radiat. Res. 170, 618�627 (2008). Deletion of genes for proteins involved in histone H4 acetylation produces sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents in bo...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
N-terminal tails of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 histone families are subjected to posttranslational modifications that take part in transcriptional regulation mechanisms, such as transcription factor binding and gene expression. Regulation mechanisms under control of histone modification are important but remain largely unclear, despite of emerging datasets for comprehensive analysis of histone ...
PubMed Central
To visualize histone acetylation in living cells, we developed a genetically encoded fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based indicator. Response of the indicator reflects changes in the acetylation state of both K5 and K8 in histone H4. Using this acetylation indicator, we were able ...
Recent studies reveal that posttranslational modifications on chromatin proteins, especially histones, organize genomic DNA and mediate various cellular responses to environmental influences. Quantitative mass spectrometric analysis is a powerful approach to reveal these dynamic events on chromatin in a systematic manner. Here, the effects of arsenic exposure on histone epigenetic state were ...
Histone acetylation constitutes an epigenetic mark for transcriptional regulation. Here we developed a fluorescent probe to visualize acetylation of histone H4 Lys12 (H4K12) in living cells using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and the binding of the BRD2 ...
Post-translational modifications of histones, particularly acetylation, are associated with the regulation of inflammatory gene expression. We used two animal models of inflammation of the bowel and biopsy samples from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) to study the expression of acetylated histones (H) 3 and 4 in inflamed mucosa. ...
Hypoacetylated H4 is present at regional centromeres, however, its role in kinetochore function is poorly understood. We characterized H4 acetylation at point centromeres in S. cerevisiae and determined the consequences of altered H4 ...
... Title : Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. ... The antimalarials caused differentiation of breast tumor cell lines and increased histone H4 acetylation. ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... The combination of ATRA with HCQ increased acetylation of N-terminal lysine residues on histones H3/H4 as well as caused direct HAT activation. ...
... Cell survival, cellular differentiation, histone H3 and/or histone H4 acetylation status, and HDAC protein and activity were measured to show that ...
... the S-phase. It could also affect the acetylation pattern of the histones, which is involved in ... Mercier, JP Renard, and E Thompson. Differential H4 acetylation of paternal and maternal chromatin prece...
Recent studies have established that the highly condensed and transcriptionally silent heterochromatic domains in budding yeast are virtually dynamic structures. The underlying mechanisms for heterochromatin dynamics, however, remain obscure. In this study, we show that histones are dynamically acetylated on H4K12 at telomeric heterochromatin, and this ...
... decreased expression of Igf2 are unknown, but histone acetylation is speculated to play a pivotal role. Recently, higher acetylation of the core histone H4 on active promoter ... ...
Deletion of genes for proteins involved in histone H4 acetylation produces sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cells. In the present studies, we show that treating wild-type yeast cells with histone acetyl transferase (HAT) inhibitors, which are chemicals that cause a ...
Recognition of acetylated chromatin by the bromodomains and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins is a hallmark for transcriptional activation and anchoring viral genomes to mitotic chromosomes of the host. One of the BET family proteins BRD2 interacts with acetylated chromatin during mitosis and leads to transcriptional activation in culture cells. ...
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition is a novel entity in medical oncology, and several HDAC inhibitors are in clinical trials. One of them is the hydroxamic acid belinostat (PXD101) that has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for several clinical indications. Acetylation of histones is a key event after treatment with HDAC inhibitors, and could thus be used as a marker for ...
HBO1, an H4-specific histone acetylase, is a co-activator of the DNA replication licensing factor Cdt1. HBO1 acetylase activity is required for licensing, because a HAT-defective mutant of HBO1 bound at origins is unable to load the MCM complex. H4 acetylation at origins is cell-cycle regulated, with maximal activity at the G1/S ...
Reserved. Yeast Chromatin Assembly Complex 1 Protein Excludes Nonacetylatable Forms of Histone H4 from upon the acetylation state of the N terminus of histone proteins. Histone H4 proteins that contain of a wild-type copy of histone H4 restores mating, ...
E-print Network
Prognostic significance of the therapeutic targets histone deacetylase 1, 2, 6 and acetylated histone H4 in cutaneous T-cell lymphomaAims:Aberrant histone acetylation has been associated with malignancy and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are currently being investigated in numerous clinical trials. So far, ...
Sensitivities of Bromodomain Factors 1 and 2 to Histone H4 Acetylation specific lysine residues within the tails (Grunstein, 1997). The acetylation level of a locus is established by the competition between histone Department of Oral Biology mond, 1998). However, the "histone code" hypothesisHarvard School of ...
3-Acetyl-4-hydroxycoumarin was used for the gravimetric deterndnation of cerium(IV) between pH 4.0 and 8.5. Since the reagent does not form any complexes with other trivalent rare earths, estimations of ceric salts can be readily carried out even when these are present in large quantities. (auth)
Thyroid hormones have long been known to play important roles in the development and functions of the central nervous system, however, the precise molecular mechanisms that regulate thyroid hormone-responsive gene expression are not well understood. The present study investigated the role of DNA methylaion and histone acetylation in the effects of perinatal hypothyroidism on ...
The Tor pathway mediates cell growth in response to nutrient availability, in part by inducing ribosomal protein (RP) gene expression via an unknown mechanism. Expression of RP genes coincides with recruitment of the Esa1 histone acetylase to RP gene promoters. We show that inhibition of Tor with rapamycin releases Esa1 from RP gene promoters and leads to histone ...
Protein N?-terminal acetylation (Nt-acetylation) is considered one of the most common protein modification in eukaryotes, and 80-90% of all soluble human proteins are modified in this way, with functional implications ranging from altered protein function and stability to translocation potency amongst others. ...
The NuA4 complex is a histone H4/H2A acetyltransferase involved in transcription and DNA repair. While histone acetylation is important in many processes, it has become increasingly clear that additional histone modifications also play a crucial interrelated role. To understand how NuA4 action is regulated, we tested various ...
Histone H4 undergoes extensive post-translational modifications (PTMs) at its N-terminal tail. Many of these PTMs profoundly affect the on and off status of gene transcription. The molecular mechanism by which histone PTMs modulate genetic and epigenetic processes is not fully understood. In particular, how a PTM mark affects the presence and level of ...
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic inheritance system characterized by parental allele-specific gene expression. Allele-specific DNA methylation and chromatin composition are two epigenetic modification systems that control imprinted gene expression. To get a general assessment of histone lysine acetylation at imprinted genes we measured allele-specific ...
We describe a stable, multisubunit human histone acetyltransferase complex (hMSL) that contains homologs of the Drosophila dosage compensation proteins MOF, MSL1, MSL2, and MSL3. This complex shows strong specificity for histone H4 lysine 16 in chromatin in vitro, and RNA interference-mediated knockdown experiments reveal that it is responsible for the ...
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is an organosulfur compound from garlic which exhibits various anticarcinogenic properties including inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. DADS antiproliferative effects were previously associated with an increase in histone acetylation in two human tumor colon cell lines, suggesting that DADS-induced histone hyperacetylation could be one of the ...
A wide variety of nuclear regulators and enzymes are subjected to acetylation of the lysine residue, which regulates different aspects of protein functions. The MYST family histone acetyltransferase, human ortholog of MOF (hMOF), plays critical roles in transcription activation by acetylating nucleosomal H4K16. In ...
Histone methylation in developing trout testis has been observed in the diploid stem cells and primary spermatocytes, which actively synthesize DNA and histones. In spermatids, histone methylation is minimal and so probably plays no role in the replacement of histones by protamine which is characteristic of this cell type. No turnover of histone methyl groups could be detected over several hours, ...
We characterized the effect of histone acetylation on the structure of a nucleosome and the interactions between two nucleosomes. In this study, nucleosomes reconstituted with the Selex "Widom 601" sequence were acetylated with the Piccolo NuA4 complex, which acetylates mainly H4 N-terminal ...
Histone tail post-translational modifications (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and ADP-ribosylation) regulate many cellular processes. Among these modifications, phosphorylation, methylation and acetylation have already been described in trypanosomatid histones. Bromodomains, together with chromodomains and histone-binding SANT ...
Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind regulation of chromatin folding through covalent modifications of the histone N-terminal tails is hampered by a lack of accessible chromatin containing precisely modified histones. We study the internal folding and intermolecular self-association of a chromatin system consisting of saturated 12-mer nucleosome arrays containing various combinations of ...
Nat4, also designated NatD, was previously shown to acetylate the N termini of histones H2A and H4, which have SGGKG and SGRGK N termini (O. K. Song, X. Wang, J. H. Waterborg, and R. Sternglanz, J. Biol. Chem. 278:38109-38112, 2003). The analysis of chimeric proteins with various N-terminal segments of histone H4 fused to ...
Arsenic, a human carcinogen that is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, is commonly found in drinking water. An important mechanism by which arsenic is thought to be carcinogenic is through the induction of epigenetic changes that lead to aberrant gene expression. Previously, we reported that the SAS2 gene is required for optimal growth of yeast in the presence of arsenite (As{sup ...
Arsenic, a human carcinogen that is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, is commonly found in drinking water. An important mechanism by which arsenic is thought to be carcinogenic is through the induction of epigenetic changes that lead to aberrant gene expression. Previously, we reported that the SAS2 gene is required for optimal growth of yeast in the presence of arsenite ...
Rate constants for the hydrolysis of acetyl-TPP were measured pH values of 2.5 and 7.5 and plotted as log k{sub obs} versus pH. The pH-rate profile defined two legs, each with a slope of +1 but separated by a region of decreased slope between pH 4 and pH 6. The rates were insensitive to buffer concentrations. Each leg of the profile ...
The Mediator complex transmits activation signals from DNA bound transcription factors to the core transcription machinery. Genome wide localization studies have demonstrated that Mediator occupancy not only correlates with high levels of transcription, but that the complex also is present at transcriptionally silenced locations. We provide evidence that Mediator localization is guided by an ...
Monocytes in SLE have been described as having aberrant behavior in a number of assays. We examined gene expression and used a genome-wide approach to study the posttranslational histone mark, H4 acetylation, to examine epigenetic changes in SLE monocytes. We compared SLE monocyte gene expression and H4 acetylation ...
Posttranslational modifications of core histones play a critical role in the structure of chromatin and the regulation of gene activities. Improved techniques for determining these modification sites may lead to a better understanding of histone regulation at the molecular level. LC-MS peptide mass mapping was performed on pepsin, trypsin and Glu-C digests of bovine thymus ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
BackgroundModifications of DNA and histones in various combinations are correlated with many cellular processes. In this study, we investigated the possible relationship between histone H4 tetraacetylation, DNA methylation and histone H3 dimethylation at lysine 9 during mitosis in maize root meristems.ResultsTreatment with trichostatin A, which inhibits ...
Epigenetic alterations play an important role in carcinogenesis. Recent studies have suggested that global histone modifications are predictors of cancer recurrence in various tumor entities. Global histone acetylation levels (histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation [H3K9Ac], histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation [H3K18Ac], total histone H3 ...
Acetate supplementation increases brain, heart, and liver acetyl-CoA levels and reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. Because intracellular acetyl-CoA can be used to alter histone acetylation-state, using Western blot analysis, we measured the temporal effect that acetate supplementation had on brain and liver histone ...
The acetylation of core histones has been correlated with the deposition of free histones onto newly replicated DNA, transcriptional activity and the displacement of histones by protamines during spermiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunohistochemical distribution of hyperacetylated H4 during ...
The study of histone acetylation in plants started with protein purification and sequencing, with gel analysis and the use of radioactive tracers. In alfalfa, acid urea Triton gel electrophoresis and in vivo labeling with tritated acetate and lysine quantified dynamic acetylation of core histones and identified the replication-coupled and -independent ...
The MYST HAT Sas2 is part of the SAS-I complex that acetylates histone H4 lysine 16 (H4 K16Ac) and blocks the propagation of heterochromatin at the telomeres of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we investigated Sas2-mediated H4 K16Ac on a ...
Acetyl-CoA:..cap alpha..-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase is a lysosomal membrane enzyme, deficient in the genetic disease Sanfilippo C syndrome. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA to terminal ..cap alpha..-glucosamine residues of heparan sulfate within the organelle. The reaction ...
The steady state distribution of histone variant proteins and their modifications by acetylation were characterized in wild type and salinity stress adapted alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Isotopic labeling detected dynamic acetylation at four sites in the histone H3 variants and five sites in histones H4 and H2B. ...
SV40 chromosomes undergoing transcription operationally defined by the presence of RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) were immune-selected with antibody to RNAPII and subjected to secondary chromatin immunoprecipitation with antibodies to hyperacetylated or unacetylated H4 or H3. Immune Selection Fragmentation and Immunoprecipitation (ISFIP) was used to determine ...
In the mouse embryo, transcriptional activation begins during S/G2 phase of the first cell cycle when paternal and maternal chromatin are still in separate nuclear entities within the same cytoplasm. At this time, the male pronucleus exhibits greater transcriptional activity than the female pronucleus. Since acetylation of histones in the nucleosome octamer exerts a regulatory ...
The hallmark of mammalian spermiogenesis is the dramatic chromatin remodeling process wherein the nucleosomal histones are replaced by the transition proteins TP1, TP2, and TP4. Subsequently these transition proteins are replaced by the protamines P1 and P2. Hyperacetylation of histone H4 is linked to their replacement by transition proteins. Here we ...
By using high-performance capillary electrophoresis, we have successfully separated rat liver core histones into several subfractions. Inconvenient interactions of the highly basic proteins with the capillary wall were eliminated by a phosphate buffer system containing 0.03% hydroxyprophylmethylcellulose. Sample amounts of a few nanolitres were analysed within about 20 min. Multiacetylated ...
BackgroundThe ability to control the timing of flowering is a key strategy for planning production in ornamental species such as azalea, however it requires a thorough understanding of floral transition. Floral transition is achieved through a complex genetic network and regulated by multiple environmental and endogenous cues. Dynamic changes between chromatin states facilitating or inhibiting DNA ...
C2H2CL2. 348. C2H2FCL. 349. C2H2F2. 350. CH2CO,ketene. 351. C2H3,vinyl. 352. C2H3CL. 353. C2H3F. 354. CH3CN. 355. CH3CO,acetyl. 356. C2H4 ...
NASA Website
Pob3p is an essential component of the S. cerevisiae FACT complex (yFACT). Several lines of evidence indicate that the yFACT complex plays an important role in chromatin assembly including the observation that the pob3 Q308K allele is synthetically lethal with an allele of histone H4 that prevents the diacetylation of newly synthesized molecules. We have ...
Using specific polyclonal antisera raised against acetylated isoforms of histone H4, we have analyzed their distribution in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia (syn. Melandrium album) possessing heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Our previous studies on this species have shown that one of the two X chromosomes in homogametic female cells ...
Deterioration in the quality of mammalian mature oocytes during metaphase-II (M-II) arrest is called "oocyte aging". Although histone acetylation may affect the progression of aging in murine oocytes, the mechanism is unknown. The objective was to determine the role of ooplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in acetylation of histone ...
BRD7 is an important protein tightly associated with Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Overexpression of BRD7 inhibits NPC cell growth and cell cycle by transcriptionally regulating the cell cycle related genes. BRD7 contains a bromodomain that is found in many chromatin-associated proteins and in nearly all known nuclear histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and plays an important role in chromatin ...
In this paper, three phase-hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) combined with a HPLC procedure using diode array (DAD) and fluorescence detection (FLD) has been developed for the determination of four widely used sulfonamides: sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole and their main metabolites, the corresponding N(4)-acetyl ...
Many human genes exhibit evidence of initiated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at their promoters, despite a lack of significant full-length transcript. Such genes exhibit promoter-proximal �pausing,� wherein initiated Pol II accumulates just downstream of the transcription start site due to a rate-limiting step mediating the transition to elongation. The mechanisms that regulate the escape of Pol ...
Chromatin remodeling is required for transcriptional activation and repression. MRG15 (MORF4L1), a chromatin modulator, is a highly conserved protein and is present in complexes containing histone acetyltransferases (HATs) as well as histone deacetylases (HDACs). Loss of expression of MRG15 in mice and Drosophila results in embryonic lethality and fibroblast and neural stem/progenitor cells ...
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones play important roles in regulating the structure and function of chromatin in eukaryotes. Although histone PTMs were considered to mainly occur at the N-terminal tails of histones, recent studies have revealed that PTMs also exist in the histone-fold domains, which are commonly shared among the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. The lysine ...
INSM1 is a downstream target gene of neurogenin 3 (ngn3). A promoter construct containing the -426/+40bp region transiently co-transfected into NIH-3T3 cells with a ngn3 expression plasmid resulted in a 12-fold increase in promoter activity. The ngn3/E47 heterodimer selectively binds and activates the E-box3 of the INSM1 promoter. The endogenous ngn3 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) co-activator ...
Histone acetylation is a major mechanism to regulate gene transcription. This post-translational modification is modified in cancer cells. In various tumor types the levels of acetylation at several histone residues are associated to clinical aggressiveness. By using immunohistochemistry we show that acetylated levels of lysines at ...
The c-myc proto-oncogene is induced by mitogens and is a central regulator of cell growth and differentiation. The c-myc product, Myc, is a transcription factor that binds a multitude of genomic sites, estimated to be over 10�15% of all promoter regions. Target promoters generally pre-exist in an active or poised chromatin state that is further modified by Myc, contributing to fine ...
Many anaerobic bacteria fix CO2 via the acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) (Wood) pathway. Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), a corrinoid/iron-sulfur protein (C/Fe-SP), methyltransferase (MeTr), and an electron transfer protein such as ferredoxin II play pivotal roles in the conversion of methyltetrahydrofolate (CH3-H4folate), CO, and CoA to ...
BackgroundThe involvement of histone acetylation in facilitating gene expression is well-established, particularly in the case of histones H3 and H4. It was previously shown in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that gene expression was significantly down-regulated and chromatin more condensed in stationary phase compared to exponential phase. We were therefore interested in ...
