Transcriptional activity of FoxO factors is controlled through the actions of multiple growth factors signaling through protein kinase B, whereby phosphorylation of FoxO factors inhibits FoxO-mediated transactivation by promoting nuclear export. Phosphorylation of FoxO factors is enhanced by p300-mediated acetylation, which decreases their affinity for DNA. The negative effect ...

We characterized the effect of histone acetylation on the structure of a nucleosome and the interactions between two nucleosomes. In this study, nucleosomes reconstituted with the Selex "Widom 601" sequence were acetylated with the Piccolo NuA4 complex, which acetylates ...

Recent reports reinforce the notion that nucleosomes are highly dynamic in response to the process of transcription. Nucleosomes are displaced at promoters during gene activation in a process that involves histone modification, ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling complexes, histone chaperones and perhaps histone variants. During ...

Effects of Histone Acetylation on the Equilibrium Accessibility of Nucleosomal DNA Target Sites J Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60208, USA Posttranslational acetylation of the conserved core histone N accessibility of buried DNA target sites, histone acetylation could result in an increased occupancy

Imaging of nucleosomal arrays by atomic force microscopy allows a determination of the exact statistical distributions for the numbers of nucleosomes per array and the locations of nucleosomes on the arrays. This precision makes such data an excellent reference for testing models of nucleosome occupation on ...

Chromatin's basic unit structure is the nucleosome, i.e. genomic DNA wrapped around a particular class of proteins -- histones -- which due to their physical hindrance, block vital biological processes, such as DNA repair, DNA replication, and RNA transcription. Histone post-translational modifications, which are known to exist in vivo, are hypothesized to regulate these ...

... 1. Upon recruitment, these enzymes acetylate the core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, proteins that compose the nucleosome 2 ...

Nucleosomes, histone octamer-DNA complexes, form the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin. Numerous post-translational modifications of histone octamers are found in vivo and are known to play roles in gene regulation and DNA repair, but the molecular functions of these modifications are not well understood. In this study we consider the effects of ...

Chromatin of the organism Physarum polycephalum contains a class of conformationally altered nucleosomes previously localized to the transcribing regions of ribosomal genes in nucleoli. When nuclei are treated with 2-iodo(2-tritium)acetate, the histone H3 sulfhydryl group of the altered nucleosomes is derivatized while that of folded ...

Recent experiments have measured the statistical distribution of the number of nucleosome units loaded into a short DNA template under different reconstitution conditions (J. G. Yodh, et al. Biochemistry, 38, 15756 (1999)). These distributions have been obtained for different concentrations of DNA and histones, different lengths of DNA, and for acetylated ...

In order to elucidate the influence of histone acetylation upon nucleosomal DNA length and nucleosome position, we compared nucleosome maps of the following three yeast strains; strain BY4741 (control), the elp3 (one of histone acetyltransferase genes) deletion mutant, and the hos2 (one of histone deactylase genes) ...

Histone posttranslational modifications and chromatin dynamics are inextricably linked to eukaryotic gene expression. Among the many modifications that have been characterized, histone tail acetylation is most strongly correlated with transcriptional activation. In Metazoa, promoters of transcriptionally active genes are generally devoid of physically repressive ...

Nucleosomes from actively transcribed genes (active nucleosomes) contain nonhistone proteins HMG 14 and 17 and are preferentially sensitive to digestion by DNAse I. Active nucleosomes isolated by chromatography on an HMG 14 and 17 glass bead affinity column were analyzed with respect to overall structure, accessory nonhistone ...

In the Progress Report for last year (7-1-88 to 6-30-89) we proposed to complete the following experiments: (1) Structure of TFIIIA/DNA complex, (2) Effect of histone acetylation on nucleosome structure, and (3) Location of lysine rich histone H5 on the nucleosome. Our major source of neutrons is LANSCE, LANL. However, for the period ...

Presented here is a quantitative model of the wrapping and unwrapping of the DNA around the histone core of the nucleosome that suggests a mechanism by which this transition can be controlled: alteration of the charge state of the globular histone core. The mechanism is relevant to several classes of posttranslational modifications such as histone ...

Chemical acetylation of nucleosomal cores is accompanied by an increase in their efficiency as in vitro transcription templates. Low amounts of acetic anhydride cause preferential modification of the amino-terminal tails of core histones. Modification of these domains, which causes moderate structural effects, is apparently correlated with the observed ...

This is the final report of a one-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The project sought to employ advanced biophysical measurements to study the structure of nucleosomes and the structure of origins of DNA replication. The fundamental repeating unit of human chromosomes is the ...

SummaryDuring spermatogenesis, global nucleosome removal occurs where histones are initially replaced by transition proteins and subsequently by protamines. This chromatin reorganization is thought to facilitate the compaction of the paternal genome into the sperm head and to protect the DNA from damaging agents. Histone ubiquitination has been suggested to be important for ...

In Arabidopsis, CBF transcription factors bind to and activate certain cold-regulated (COR) gene promoters during cold acclimation. Consistent with the prevailing model that histone acetylation and nucleosomal depletion correspond with transcriptionally active genes, we now report that H3 acetylation increases and ...

The plasticity of chromatin organization as chromosomes undergo a full compendium of transactions including DNA replication, recombination, chromatin compaction, and changes in transcription during a developmental program is unknown. We generated genome-wide maps of individual nucleosome organizational states, including positions and occupancy of all ...

?To whom correspondence should be addressed. Imaging of nucleosomal arrays by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) allows a determination of the exact statistical distributions for the numbers of nucleosomes per array and the locations of nucleosomes on the arrays. This precision makes such data an excellent reference for testing models of ...

Recent experiments have measured the statistical distribution of the number of nucleosome units loaded into short DNA templates under different reconstitution conditions (J. G. Yodh, et al. Biochemistry, 38, 15756(1999)). These distributions have been obtained for different concentrations of DNA and histones, different lengths of DNA, and for acetylated ...

Using Brownian dynamics we simulate the effect of histone modification, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation, on nucleosome structure by varying the interaction force between DNA and the histone octamer. The simulation shows that the structural stability of nucleosome is very sensitive to the interaction force, and the ...

SummaryThe coordinated action of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes in promoter-dependent transcription initiation represents a paradigm for how epigenetic information regulates gene expression. However, little is known about how such enzymes function during transcription elongation. Here we investigated the role of RSC, a bromodomain-containing ...

We report that coactivator SAGA, containing the HAT Gcn5p, occupies the GAL1 and ARG1 coding sequences during transcriptional induction, dependent on PIC assembly and Ser5 phosphorylation of the Pol II CTD. Induction of GAL1 increases H3 acetylation per nucleosome in the ORF, dependent on SAGA integrity but not the alternative Gcn5p-HAT complex ADA. ...

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a technique that can directly image single molecules in solution and it therefore provides a powerful tool for obtaining unique insights into the basic properties of biological materials and the functional processes in which they are involved. We have used AFM to analyze basic features of nucleosomes in arrays, such as DNA-histone binding ...

SUMMARYDNA nucleotide mismatches and lesion arise on chromosomes that are a complex assortment of protein and DNA (chromatin). The fundamental unit of chromatin is a nucleosome that contains ~146 bp DNA wrapped around an H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone octamer. We demonstrate that the mismatch recognition heterodimer hMSH2-hMSH6 disassembles a nucleosome. ...

In yeast, Rad7 and Rad16 are two proteins required for nucleotide excision repair (NER) of non-transcribed chromatin. They have roles in damage recognition, in the postincision steps of NER, and in ultraviolet-light-dependent histone H3 acetylation. Moreover, Rad16 is an ATP-ase of the SNF2 superfamily and therefore might facilitate chromatin repair by ...

genome-wide maps of histone acetylation and methylation. These maps take into account changes of the modifications associated with gene expression. Both acetylation and methylation of histones are associ- ated consist of approximately 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer (Luger et al., 1997

The complexity of chromatin architecture presents a significant barrier to the ability of the DNA repair machinery to access and repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Consequently, remodeling of the chromatin landscape adjacent to DSBs is vital for efficient DNA repair. Here, we demonstrate that DNA damage destabilizes nucleosomes within chromatin regions that correspond to ...

SummaryHistone chaperones physically interact with histones to direct proper assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes regulating diverse nuclear processes such as DNA replication, promoter remodeling, transcription elongation, DNA damage, and histone variant exchange. Currently, the best-characterized chaperone-histone interaction is that between the ubiquitous chaperone Asf1 ...

BackgroundThe position of a nucleosome, both translational along the DNA molecule and rotational between the histone core and the DNA, is controlled by many factors, including the regular occurrence of specific dinucleotides with a period of approximately 10 bp, important for the rotational setting of the DNA around the histone octamer.ResultsWe show that such a 10 bp periodic ...

The genome of eukaryotes exists as chromatin which contains both DNA and proteins. The fundamental unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, which contains 146 base pairs of DNA associated with two each of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. The N-terminal tails of histones are rich in lysine and arginine and are modified post-transcriptionally by acetylation, ...

Neutron scatter studies have been performed at LANSCE, LANL and at the Institute Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France. In the previous progress report (April 1, 1988--July 1, 1988) the following objectives were listed: shape of the histone octamer; location of the N-terminal domains of histone in the nucleosome core particle (specific aim 1 of original grant proposal); effect of ...

Mediator, a multiprotein complex involved in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription, binds to nucleosomes and acetylates histones. Three lines of evidence identify the Nut1 subunit of Mediator as responsible for the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. An "in-gel" HAT assay reveals a single band of the appropriate size. Sequence alignment ...

We study a mechanism underlying the attraction between nucleosomes, the fundamental packaging units of DNA inside the chromatin complex, by introducing a simple model of the nucleosome: the eight-tail colloid, a negatively charged sphere with eight oppositely charged, flexible, grafted chains that represent the terminal histone tails. We demonstrate that ...

Terms to be familiar with before you start to solve the test: chromatin, nucleases, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, melting point, gel electrophoresis, ethidium bromide, autoradiography, Southern blotting, Northern blotting, Sanger sequencing, restriction endonucleases, exonucleases, linker DNA, chloroform extraction, nucleosomes, nucleosomal ...

Terms to be familiar with before you start to solve the test: chromatin, nucleases, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, melting point, gel electrophoresis, ethidium bromide, autoradiography, Southern blotting, Northern blotting, Sanger sequencing, restriction endonucleases, exonucleases, linker DNA, chloroform extraction, nucleosomes, nucleosomal ...

We study a possible electrostatic mechanism underlying the compaction of DNA inside the nuclei of eucaryotes: the tail-bridging effect between nucleosomes, the fundamental DNA packaging units of the chromatin complex. As a simple model of the nucleosome we introduce the eight-tail colloid, a charged sphere with eight oppositely charged, flexible, grafted ...

Covalent modification of histone proteins plays a role in virtually every process on eukaryotic DNA, from transcription to DNA repair. Many different residues can be covalently modified, and it has been suggested that these modifications occur in a great number of independent, meaningful combinations. Published low-resolution microarray studies on the combinatorial complexity of histone ...

Nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs), which flank the immunoglobulin ? heavy-chain enhancer on either side, are required for the activation of the distal variable-region (V_H) promoter in transgenic mice. Previously, we have shown that the MARs extend a local domain of chromatin accessibility at the ? enhancer to more distal sites. In this report, we examine the influence ...

We have completed a study on the structure of trypsin trimmed histone octamers using small angle neutron and X-ray scattering studies and nuclear magnetic resonance. We have also completed studies on the structure of TFIIIA induced DNA bending by a circular permutation gel electrophoresis assay. Individual acetylated species of core histones from butyrate treated HeLa cells ...

Histone post-translational modifications are essential for regulating and facilitating biological processes such as RNA transcription and DNA repair. Fifteen modifications are located in the DNA-histone dyad interface and include the acetylation of H3-K115 (H3-K115Ac) and H3-K122 (H3-K122Ac), but the functional consequences of these modifications are unknown. We have prepared ...

BackgroundEpigenetic modifications of histones and regulation of chromatin structure have been implicated in regulation of virulence gene families in P. falciparum. To better understand chromatin-mediated gene regulation, we used a high-density oligonucleotide microarray to map the position and enrichment of nucleosomes across the entire genome of P. falciparum at three time ...

The deletion of the neuronal Nap1l2 (nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 2) gene in mice causes neural tube defects. We demonstrate here that this phenotype correlates with deficiencies in differentiation and increased maintenance of the neural stem cell stage. Nap1l2 associates with chromatin and interacts with histones H3 and H4. Loss of Nap1l2 results in decreased histone ...

Epigenomes commonly refer to the sequence of presence/absence of specific epigenetic marks along eukaryotic chromatin. Complete histone-borne epigenomes have now been described at single-nucleosome resolution from various organisms, tissues, developmental stages, or diseases, yet their intra-species natural variation has never been investigated. We describe here that the ...

BackgroundAcetylation of promoter nucleosomes is tightly correlated and mechanistically linked to gene activity. However, transcription is not necessary for promoter acetylation. It seems, therefore, that external and endogenous stimuli control histone acetylation and by this contribute to gene regulation. ...

Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind regulation of chromatin folding through covalent modifications of the histone N-terminal tails is hampered by a lack of accessible chromatin containing precisely modified histones. We study the internal folding and intermolecular self-association of a chromatin system consisting of saturated 12-mer nucleosome arrays containing ...

Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind regulation of chromatin folding through covalent modifications of the histone N-terminal tails is hampered by a lack of accessible chromatin containing precisely modified histones. We study the internal folding and intermolecular self-association of a chromatin system consisting of saturated 12-mer nucleosome arrays containing ...

BackgroundOsmotic Response Element-Binding Protein (OREBP), also known as TonEBP or NFAT5, is a unique transcription factor. It is hitherto the only known mammalian transcription factor that regulates hypertonic stress-induced gene transcription. In addition, unlike other monomeric members of the NFAT family, OREBP exists as a homodimer and it is the only transcription factor known to bind naked ...

In the fission yeast, the MAP kinase Sty1 and the transcription factor Atf1 regulate up to 400 genes in response to environmental signals, and both proteins have been shown to bind to their promoters in a stress-dependent manner. In a genetic search, we have isolated the histone H3 acetyltransferase Gcn5, a component of the SAGA complex, as being essential for oxidative stress survival and ...

Research progress is reported in the following areas: (1) nick translation of HeLa cell nuclei as a probe for locating DNAse 1 sensitive nucleosomes; (2) effect of a high mobility group protein (HMG 17) on the structure of acetylated and control core HeLa...

A wide variety of nuclear regulators and enzymes are subjected to acetylation of the lysine residue, which regulates different aspects of protein functions. The MYST family histone acetyltransferase, human ortholog of MOF (hMOF), plays critical roles in transcription activation by acetylating nucleosomal H4K16. In this study, we found ...

Acetylation of specific lysines within the core histone tail domains plays a critical role in regulating chromatin-based activities. However, the structures and interactions of the tail domains and the molecular mechanisms by which acetylation directly alters chromatin structures are not well understood. To address these issues we developed a chemical ...

Phosphorylation of the C-terminal end of histone H2A.X is the most characterized histone post-translational modification in DNA double-stranded breaks (DSB). DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is one of the three phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-like family of kinase members that is known to phosphorylate histone H2A.X during DNA DSB repair. There is a growing body of evidence supporting a role ...

Histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase are enzymes responsible for histone acetylation and deacetylation, respectively, in which the histones are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail and on the surface of the nucleosome core. These processes are considered the most important epigenetic ...

Histone modifications play critical roles in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and in the maintenance of genome integrity. Acetylation and methylation of histone H3 are particularly important in gene activation and silencing. We generated and characterized a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize different modifications on K4, K9, and K27 ...

The transcriptional coactivator p300 regulates transcription by binding to proteins involved in transcription and by acetylating histones and other proteins. These transcriptional effects are mainly at promoter and enhancer elements. Regulation of transcription also occurs through scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs), the chromatin regions that bind the nuclear matrix. ...

The Mediator complex transmits activation signals from DNA bound transcription factors to the core transcription machinery. Genome wide localization studies have demonstrated that Mediator occupancy not only correlates with high levels of transcription, but that the complex also is present at transcriptionally silenced locations. We provide evidence that Mediator localization is guided by an ...

Newly synthesized histones are acetylated prior to their deposition into nucleosomes. Following nucleosome formation and positioning, they are rapidly deacetylated, an event that coincides with further maturation of the chromatin fiber. The histone deacetylases (HDACs) used for histone deposition and de novo chromatin formation are ...

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones play important roles in regulating the structure and function of chromatin in eukaryotes. Although histone PTMs were considered to mainly occur at the N-terminal tails of histones, recent studies have revealed that PTMs also exist in the histone-fold domains, which are commonly shared among the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. The lysine ...

Acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 is a covalent modification best known as a mark of newly replicated chromatin, but it has also been linked to replication-independent histone replacement. Here, we measured H3K56ac levels at single-nucleosome resolution in asynchronously growing yeast cultures, as well as in yeast proceeding synchronously through the ...

Nucleosomes around the promoter region are disassembled for transcription in response to various signals, such as acetylation and methylation of histones. Although the interactions between histone-acetylation-recognizing bromodomains and factors involved in nucleosome disassembly have been reported, no structural ...

Histone acetylation and nucleosome remodeling regulate DNA damage repair, replication and transcription. Rtt109, a recently discovered histone acetyltransferase (HAT) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, functions with the histone chaperone Asf1 to acetylate lysine K56 on histone H3 (H3K56), a modification associated with newly synthesized ...

Histone acetylation and nucleosome remodeling regulate DNA damage repair, replication and transcription. Rtt109, a recently discovered histone acetyltransferase (HAT) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, functions with the histone chaperone Asf1 to acetylate lysine K56 on histone H3 (H3K56), a modification associated with newly synthesized ...

Histone variants and their post-translational modifications help regulate chromosomal functions. Htz1 is an evolutionarily conserved H2A variant found at several promoters in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we undertook a genome-wide analysis of Htz1 and its modifications in yeast. Using mass spectrometric analysis, we determined that Htz1 is acetylated at ...

SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase), a coactivator complex involved in chromatin remodelling, harbours both histone acetylation and deubiquitination activities. ATXN7/Sgf73 and ATXN7L3, two subunits of the SAGA deubiquitination module, contain an SCA7 domain characterized by an atypical zinc-finger. We show that the yeast Sgf73-SCA7 domain is not required to recruit Sgf73 ...

Neutron scatter studies have been performed at LANSCE, LANL and at the Institute Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France. In the previous progress report (April 1, 1988--July 1, 1988) the following objectives were listed: shape of the histone octamer; location of the N-terminal domains of histone in the nucleosome core particle (specific aim 1 of original grant proposal); effect of ...

SUMMARYHistone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) conduct many critical functions through nonhistone substrates in metazoans, but only chromatin-associated nonhistone substrates are known in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using yeast proteome microarrays, we identified and validated many nonchromatin substrates of the essential nucleosome acetyltransferase ...

Rtt109 is a protein acetyltransferase (PAT) that is responsible for the acetylation of lysine-56 of histone 3 (H3K56) in yeast. H3K56 acetylation has been implicated in the weakening of the interaction between the histone core and the surrounding DNA in the nucleosomal particle. Rtt109, in cooperation with various histone chaperones, ...

The hallmark of mammalian spermiogenesis is the dramatic chromatin remodeling process wherein the nucleosomal histones are replaced by the transition proteins TP1, TP2, and TP4. Subsequently these transition proteins are replaced by the protamines P1 and P2. Hyperacetylation of histone H4 is linked to their replacement by transition proteins. Here we report that TP2 is ...

Structural and functional analyses of nucleosomes containing histone variant H2A.Z have drawn a lot of interest over the past few years. Important work in budding yeast has shown that H2A.Z (Htz1)-containing nucleosomes are specifically located on the promoter regions of genes, creating a specific chromatin structure that is poised for disassembly during ...

Structural and functional analyses of nucleosomes containing histone variant H2A.Z have drawn a lot of interest over the past few years. Important work in budding yeast has shown that H2A.Z (Htz1)-containing nucleosomes are specifically located on the promoter regions of genes, creating a specific chromatin structure that is poised for disassembly during ...

Most gene promoters have multiple binding sequences for many transcription factors, but the contribution of each of these factors to chromatin remodeling is still unclear. Although we previously found a dynamic change in the arrangement of nucleosome arrays at the Il2 promoter during T cell activation, its timing preceded that of a decrease in nucleosome ...

Sir3, a component of the transcriptional silencing complex in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has an N-terminal BAH domain that is crucial for the protein's silencing function. Previous work has shown that the N-terminal alanine residue of Sir3 (Ala2) and its acetylation play an important role in silencing. Here we show that the silencing defects of Sir3 Ala2 mutants can ...

The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosomal core particle, containing 147 bp of DNA that wraps twice around an octamer of core histones. The core histones bear a highly dynamic N-terminal amino acid tail around 20-35 residues in length and rich in basic amino acids. These tails extending from the surface of nucleosome play an important role in folding ...

Chromatin subunits or nucleosomes prepared by micrococcal nuclease digestion of nuclei from trout testis have been examined for the presence of in vivo modified histone species. Both monomers and multimers are labeled when testis cells are incubated in the presence of [14C]acetate, but the level of radioactivity in the monomer fraction is 10 to 20% higher than in the multimer ...

In mammalian cells RNA polymerase II efficiently transcribes nucleosome-packaged DNA. In this regard, a fundamental question concerns the nature and mechanism of action of the accessory factors that are necessary and sufficient for, or enhance, transcription through nucleosomal arrays by RNA polymerase II. Here we describe a highly purified system that ...

Posttranslational modification (PTM) of histones plays a central role in genome regulation. Engineering histones with defined PTMs on one residue or on multiple residues is crucial for understanding their function within nucleosomes and chromatin. We introduce a sequential native chemical ligation strategy that is suitable for the preparation of fully synthetic histone ...

The induction of immediate-early (IE) genes, including proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun, correlates well with a nucleosomal response, the phosphorylation of histone H3 and HMG-14 mediated via extracellular signal regulated kinase or p38 MAP kinase cascades. Phosphorylation is targeted to a minute fraction of histone H3, which is also especially susceptible to hyperacetylation. ...

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been consistently identified in Kaposi's sarcomas, body cavity-based lymphomas, and some forms of Castleman's disease. The K9 open reading frame of KSHV encodes a viral interferon regulatory factor (vIRF) which functions as a repressor for cellular interferon-mediated signal transduction and as an oncogene to induce cell growth transformation. We ...

It is generally agreed that adipocytes originate from mesenchymal stem cells in what can be divided into two processes: determination and differentiation. In the past decade, many factors associated with epigenetic signals have been proved to be pivotal for the appropriate timing of adipogenesis progression. A large number of coregulators at critical gene promoters set up specific patterns of DNA ...

Differentiation of smooth muscle cells is accompanied by the transcriptional activation of an array of muscle-specific genes controlled by serum response factor (SRF). Myocardin is a cardiac and smooth muscle-specific expressed transcriptional coactivator of SRF and is sufficient and necessary for smooth muscle gene expression. Here, we show that myocardin induces the ...

The human genome is epigenetically organized through a series of modifications to the histone proteins that interact with the DNA. In cancer, many of the proteins that regulate these modifications can be altered in both function and expression. One example of this is the family of histone deacetylases (HDACs), which as their name implies remove acetyl groups from the histone ...

The study of histone acetylation in plants started with protein purification and sequencing, with gel analysis and the use of radioactive tracers. In alfalfa, acid urea Triton gel electrophoresis and in vivo labeling with tritated acetate and lysine quantified dynamic acetylation of core histones and identified the replication-coupled and -independent ...

Asf1 is a conserved histone H3/H4 chaperone. We find that Asf1 in budding yeast promotes an essential cellular response to replication stress caused by the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor hydroxyurea. That is, Asf1 stimulates derepression of DNA damage response (DDR) genes during the S phase. Derepression of DDR genes strongly correlates with Asf1 binding to their promoters. Having identified ...

Asf1 is a conserved histone H3/H4 chaperone. We find that Asf1 in budding yeast promotes an essential cellular response to replication stress caused by the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor hydroxyurea. That is, Asf1 stimulates derepression of DNA damage response (DDR) genes during the S phase. Derepression of DDR genes strongly correlates with Asf1 binding to their promoters. Having identified ...