... of acetylcarnitine from acetyl coenzyme A (CoA ... ACIDS, OXIDATION), (*MUSCLES, ENZYMES), TRANSFERASES, COENZYMES, DIPTERA, FLIGHT ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... especially acetylcarnitine, and decreased hepatic coenzyme A (CoA ... FATTY ACIDS, RATS, LIVER, COENZYMES, STREPTOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA ...
Urinary metabolites of L- or D-carnitine or those of O-acetyl-L-carnitines were studied by thin layer chromatography. Differences observed between acetylcarnitine: carnitine ratios in 2 hour urine can be attributed to the accumulation of L-carnitine in ti...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Long-chain fatty acid synthesis from [1-[sup 14]C]acetylcarnitine by chloroplasts isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea), pea (Pisum sativum), amaranthus (Amaranthus lividus), or maize (Zea mays) occurred at less than 2% of the rate of fatty acid synthesis from [1-[sup 14]C]acetate irrespective of the maturity of the leaves or whether the plastids were purified using ...
Energy Citations Database
Exact Match Begins With Contains Name/Code Property Relationship Home | View Hierarchy | Subsets | Help Visited Concepts EVS Home NCI Metathesaurus Browser NCI Term Browser NCI Terminology Resources Term Suggestion Acetylcarnitine (Code C87329) Suggest
Cancer.gov
1. Free carnitine, acetylcarnitine, short-chain acylcarnitine and acid-insoluble carnitine (probably long-chain acylcarnitine) have been measured in rat tissues. 2. Starvation caused an increase in the proportion of carnitine that was acetylated in liver and kidney; at least in liver fat-feeding had the same effect, whereas a carbohydrate diet caused a very low ...
PubMed Central
Radioisotopic assays for the determination of acetyl-CoA, CoASH, and acetylcarnitine have been modified for application to the amount of human muscle tissue that can be obtained by needle biopsy. In the last step common to all three methods, acetyl-CoA is condensed with (14C)oxaloacetate by citrate synthase to give (14C)-citrate. For determination of CoASH, CoASH is reacted ...
Recently, the authors identified mM concentrations of acetylcarnitine in epidiymal fluids and have investigated the metabolism of acetylcarnitine by bovine and hamster caudal epididymal spermatozoa. (1-/sup 14/C)acetyl-L-carnitine is oxidized to /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ by washed, intact hamster and bovine sperm at maximal rates of 8.4 and 15.2 nmol/hr/10/sup 7/ ...
Incorporation of /sup 32/P/sub i/ into the adenine nucleotide pool of intact bovine spermatozoa utilizing endogenous substrates results in a specific activity (S.A.) ratio ATP/ADP of 0.3 to 0.5, suggesting compartmentation of nucleotide pools or a pathway for phosphorylation of AMP in addition to the myokinase reaction. Incubation of filipin-permeabilized cells with pyruvate, ...
(acetylcholine and choline), fatty acid metabolism and acetyl transfer (carni- tine and acetylcarnitine (Munich, Germany). Standard samples for betaine, carni- tine, choline, and d9-choline (N,N,N-trimethyl-d9, and choline were prepared. Standard solutions were obtained by making appropriate dilutions of the stock
E-print Network
The brain uptake of acetylcarnitine was investigated in rhesus monkeys using different position labeled acetyl-L-carnitine and related molecules with 11C by positron emission tomography. The uptake values of radio-labeled acetylcarnitine into the brain were quite different depending on the labeling positions of 11C. That is, the uptake values of ...
PubMed
A prospective randomized double blind investigation was made in 24 multiple injured patients. All patients were treated with a combined parenteral-enteral nutrition during 7 days. A group of 11 patients received as a continuous infusion over 16 h 60 mg/kg BW carnitine daily. Beside carnitine and acetylcarnitine levels in plasma and urine the following parameters were ...
Mechanistic details of mammalian metabolism in vivo and dynamic metabolic changes in intact organisms are difficult to monitor because of the lack of spatial, chemical, or temporal resolution when applying traditional analytical tools. These limitations can be addressed by sensitivity enhancement technology for fast in vivo NMR assays of enzymatic fluxes in tissues of interest. We apply this ...
The maximum rates (V (max)) of some enzymatic activities related to energy consumption (ATP-ases) were evaluated in two types of synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) isolated from cerebral cortex of rats subjected to in vivo treatment with L: -acetylcarnitine at two different doses (30 and 60�mg�kg(-1) i.p., 28�days, 5�days/week). The following enzyme activities were ...
A rapid method for the preparation of (1-/sup 14/C)acetyl-L-carnitine is described. The method involves exchange of (1-/sup 14/C)acetic acid into a pool of unlabeled acetyl-L-carnitine using the enzymes acetyl-CoA synthetase and carnitine acetyltransferase. After isotopic equilibrium is attained, radioactive acetylcarnitine is separated from the other reaction components by ...
Permission from the ethics committee and informed consent were obtained. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate a method developed for the noninvasive assessment of muscle metabolites during exercise. Hydrogen 1 magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy peaks were measured during tetanic isometric muscle contraction imposed by supramaximal repetitive nerve stimulation. The kinetics of ...
Oral acetate supplementation enhances glycogen synthesis in some mammals. However, while acetate is a significant energy source for skeletal muscle at rest in horses, its effects on glycogen resynthesis are unknown. We hypothesized that administration of an oral sodium acetate-acetic acid solution with a typical grain and hay meal after glycogen-depleting exercise would result in a rapid ...
The wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is central in the production of aroma compounds during fermentation. Some of the most important yeast-derived aroma compounds produced are esters. The esters ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate are formed from alcohols and acetyl-CoA in a reaction catalysed by alcohol acetyltransferases. The pool of acetyl-CoA available in yeast cells could play a key role in ...
In the present study, a diluent containing 0.8% lecithin (Minitube�, Tiefenbach, G) for the cold storage of canine semen was compared to a Tris-egg yolk extender (TRIS-EY) containing 20% egg yolk. For this purpose, aliquots of 10 mixed ejaculates (main fractions) were either diluted with TRIS-EY or with three lecithin extenders containing 0.8% lecithin with or without catalase and tyrosine. All ...
Epididymal spermatozoa are capable of utilizing extracellular substrates for energy, but carbohydrates and free or esterified fatty acids are present in only very low concentrations in epididymal fluid. Acetyl-L-carnitine has been identified in epididymal fluid in low mM concentrations in several mammalian species and could possibly be an energy substrate for epididymal spermatozoa. Evidence that ...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequent behavioral problem in young boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS), and its treatment is critical for improving social ability. The short-term efficacy of stimulant medications like methylphenidate (MPH) is well established in children with ADHD. FXS boys treated with MPH have improved attention span and socialization skills; however their ...
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria is a rare disorder of organic acid metabolism caused by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency. The disorder was common in neonatal or infant period. Here a case of late onset 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria complicated by leucodystrophy was reported. The patient was a 7-year-old boy. He presented with progressive headache, drowsiness and ...
The hOCTN1 transporter over-expressed in E. coli and purified by Ni-chelating chromatography has been reconstituted in liposomes by detergent removal with a batch-wise procedure. The reconstitution was optimised with respect to the protein concentration, the detergent/phospholipid ratio and the time of incubation with Amberlite XAD-4 resin. Time dependent [14C]tetraethylammonium, [3H]carnitine or ...
Fatty acid oxidation was studied in the presence of inhibitors of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I), in normal and in peroxisome-proliferated rat hepatocytes. The oxidation decreased in mitochondria, as expected, but in peroxisomes it increased. These two effects were seen, in variable proportions, with (+)-decanoylcarnitine, 2-tetradecylglycidic acid (TDGA) and etomoxir. The decrease in ...
In skeletal muscle, carnitine plays an essential role in the translocation of long-chain fatty-acids into the mitochondrial matrix for subsequent ?-oxidation, and in the regulation of the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA/CoASH ratio. Interest in these vital metabolic roles of carnitine in skeletal muscle appears to have waned over the past 25 years. However, recent research has shed new light on the ...
Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a central metabolite in carbon and energy metabolism. Because of its amphiphilic nature and bulkiness, acetyl-CoA cannot readily traverse biological membranes. In fungi, two systems for acetyl unit transport have been identified: a shuttle dependent on the carrier carnitine and a (peroxisomal) citrate synthase-dependent pathway. In the carnitine-dependent pathway, ...
The authors recently reported a large efflux of acetyl-L-carnitine from rat heart mitochondria during state 3 respiration with pyruvate as substrate both in the presence and absence of malate. In this series of experiments, the effect of the concentration of L-carnitine on the efflux of acetyl-L-carnitine and on the production of /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ from 2-/sup 14/C-pyruvate was determined. Maximum ...
A case with acute disturbance of consciousness associated with calcium hopanthenate (HOPA) administration was reported. He was a 3-year-old boy with autistic developmental delay, had orally taken 1.5 g of HOPA daily for 3 months. Clinical manifestations consisted of fever, vomiting and coma. Laboratory examination revealed severe hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis, but there were no hepatic ...
A characteristic manifestation of sepsis is muscle lactate accumulation. This study examined any putative (causative) association between pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) inhibition and lactate accumulation in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of rats infused with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and explored the involvement of increased transcription of muscle-specific pyruvate ...
BackgroundFragile X syndrome (FXS) is considered the most common cause of inherited mental retardation. Affected people have mental impairment that can include Attention Deficit and/or Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), autism disorder, and speech and behavioural disorders. Several pharmacological interventions have been proposed to treat those impairments.MethodsSystematic review of the literature ...
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by dysregulated energy metabolism. Resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to ameliorate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic animals. However, its overall in vivo effects on energy metabolism and the underlying mechanism require further investigation. In the present study, electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to characterize the ...
1. Effects of conditioning motor volleys of increasing amplitude on antagonistic motor nuclei were tested at the wrist and elbow level in man. 2. The modifications of biceps, triceps, flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) motoneurone excitability were tested both in post-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) and rectified averaged EMG experiments. 3. Conditioning motor volleys ...
The systemic injection of L-Acetylcarnitine (L-Ac) induces a reversible increase in recurrent inhibition. In addition, L-Ac potentiation of recurrent inhibition has been found to increase the synchronous activity of single motor units, as detected by traditional linear analysis in the time domain. This result has been recently confirmed using a nonlinear method based on the ...
The Krebs cycle plays a fundamental role in cardiac energy production and is often implicated in the energetic imbalance characteristic of heart disease. In this study, we measured Krebs cycle flux in real time in perfused rat hearts using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). [2-13C]Pyruvate was hyperpolarized and infused into isolated perfused hearts in ...
In six normal-weight and six obese cats, the metabolic effect of propionate absorbed from the colon was assessed. Two colonic infusions were tested in a crossover design with intervals of 4?weeks. The test solution contained 4?mmol sodium propionate per kg ideal body weight in a 0.2% NaCl solution. Normal saline was given as control solution. Solutions were infused into the hindgut over 30?min. ...
Insulin resistance progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is marked by a broad perturbation of macronutrient intermediary metabolism. Understanding the biochemical networks that underlie metabolic homeostasis and how they associate with insulin action will help unravel diabetes etiology and should foster discovery of new biomarkers of disease risk and severity. We examined differences in ...
BackgroundHuman myocardial metabolism has been incompletely characterized in the setting of surgical cardioplegic arrest and ischemia/reperfusion. Furthermore, the effect of pre-existing ventricular state on ischemia-induced metabolic derangements has not been established.Methods and ResultsWe applied a mass spectrometry-based platform to profile 63 intermediary metabolites in serial paired ...
Iron overload occurs frequently in thalassemia and other disorders that require regular blood transfusions. Excess iron is toxic owing to the generation of free radicals that lead to oxidation of biomolecules and tissue damage. In order to identify compounds that reduce oxidative injury from iron, we evaluated alpha-lipoic acid (LA), a multifunctional antioxidant, in iron-overloaded primary human ...
Cancer cachexia is characterized by progressive weight loss with the depletion of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Impaired fatty acid oxidation mainly resulting from the decrease of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and II activities in the liver is an important factor that contributes to cancer cachexia . Although recent studies suggest a potential application of L-carnitine in treatment of ...
This study identifies a novel organic anion transporter Oat9 expressed in mouse liver and kidney. Two variants were detected by screening a mouse liver cDNA library; these varients consist of 1815 (designated Oat9S) and 2165 (Oat9L) base pairs which encode 443 and 551 amino acid proteins, respectively. Oat9S has a predicted structure containing eight transmembrane domains (TMD); whereas, Oat9L ...
Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) is associated with increased fatty acid catabolism and is commonly targeted for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. To identify latent, endogenous biomarkers of PPAR? activation and hence increased fatty acid ?-oxidation, healthy human volunteers were given fenofibrate orally for 2 weeks and their urine profiled by UPLC-QTOFMS. ...
Hyperpyrexia occasionally triggers acute life-threatening encephalopathy-like illnesses, including influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) in childhood, and can be responsible for impaired fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO). In this regard, patients with impaired FAO may be more susceptible to febrile episodes. The effects of heat stress and a hypolipidemic drug, bezafibrate, on mitochondrial FAO ...
Free carnitine and acylcarnitines (carnitine esters) play an important role in the metabolism of fatty acids. Metabolic disorders can be detected by abnormal levels of these compounds in biological fluids. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry has the advantage of combining an efficient separation technique with highly selective detection. Therefore, we have developed a method for the ...
In the present paper, we describe a novel method which enables the analysis of tissue acylcarnitines and carnitine biosynthesis intermediates in the same sample. This method was used to investigate the carnitine and fatty acid metabolism in wild-type and LCAD?/? (long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase-deficient) mice. In agreement with previous results in plasma and bile, we ...
Prolonged exposure to the chemical intermediate, 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB), produces neuropathology in the CNS of rodents analogous to that observed in various conditions of acute energy deprivation including thiamine deficiency and Leigh's necrotizing encephalopathy. Increased production of reactive intermediates in addition to induction of oxidative stress has been implicated in the ...
Inefficient muscle long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) combustion is associated with insulin resistance, but molecular links between mitochondrial fat catabolism and insulin action remain controversial. We hypothesized that plasma acylcarnitine profiling would identify distinct metabolite patterns reflective of muscle fat catabolism when comparing individuals bearing a missense G304A uncoupling protein 3 ...
In this study, we characterized the metabolome of the human ovary and identified metabolic alternations that coincide with primary epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and metastatic tumors resulting from primary ovarian cancer (MOC) using three analytical platforms: gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using buffer systems and ...
