... Accession Number : ADP008893. Title : Protein Phosphorylation and Inhibition of Acetylcholine Release by Botulinum Neurotoxin A. ...
DTIC Science & Technology
In studies of PSD95, Professor Seth Grant's group showed that memories are formed when neurotransmitter receptors associate with proteins.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Rapsyn, a cytoplasmic receptor-associated protein, is required for the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). Although AChR dynamics have been extensively studied, little is known about the dynamics of rapsyn. Here, we used a rapsyn-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein and ...
PubMed
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are homo- or heteropentameric ligand-gated ion channels mediating excitatory neurotransmission and muscle activation. Regulation of nAChR subunit assembly and transfer of correctly assembled pentamers to the cell surface is only partially understood. Here, we characterize an ER transmembrane (TM) protein complex ...
PubMed Central
The Neuromuscular Disease Center at Washington University provides this comprehensive Web site for information on acetylcholine and acetylcholine receptors. Visitors will find detailed Web pages covering acetylcholine metabolism, acetylcholine receptors (including disorders, structure, venom binding, etc.), ...
... mRNA LeveLs at Early and Late Time Points. ... T (1987) Acetylcholine receptors and sodium channels in ... in skeletal muscle by blockers of protein ...
Torpedo electric organ and vertebrate neuromuscular junctions contain the receptor-associated protein of the synapse (RAPsyn) (previously referred to as the 43K protein), a nonactin, 43,000-Mr peripheral membrane protein associated with the cytoplasmic face of postsynaptic membranes at areas of high nicotinic ...
Energy Citations Database
... The acetylcholine receptor protein is purified by affinity chromatogrpahy reincorporated into lipid vesicles of polymerized lipids, and mounted on a ...
In rats, the following data were obtained: a) acetylcholine activates the rate of protein biosynthesis in auricles in vitro; b) protein biosynthesis inhibitors (actinomycine D, sarcolysine, neutral rot, tolluidine blue) weaken the negative chronotropic effect of acetylcholine and vagus on the heart; c) anabolic ...
The receptor associated protein (RAP) is an antagonist and molecular chaperone that binds tightly to low-density lipoprotein receptor related proteins (LRP) family members in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). After escorting the receptor to the Golgi, RAP dissociates from receptors. The molecular mechanism of the ...
Cancer.gov
The nicotine receptor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is an allosteric protein composed of four different subunits assembled in a transmembrane pentamer ? 2? ? ? . The protein carries two acetylcholine sites at the level of the ? subunits and contains the ion channel. The complete sequence of the four ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
TNF- (24, 25), induced HUVEC death when protein synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide (CHX, lipopolysaccharide; CHX, cycloheximide; IRAK, IL-1 receptor-associated protein; TRAF, TNF receptor-associated factor to uninfected and adenovirus-infected HUVECs with or without CHX. After 24 h at 37 �C, medium was ...
E-print Network
A family of genes coding for proteins homologous to the ? subunit of the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been identified in the rat genome. These genes are transcribed in the central and peripheral nervous systems in areas known to contain functional nicotinic receptors. In this paper, we demonstrate that three of these genes, which we call ...
... such as a calcium-binding protein (CB) and an enzyme for acetylcholine, which are important markers for avian sensory development. ...
NASA Website
Acetylcholine receptor phosphorylation has been compared in sealed and lysed right-side-out membrane vesicles prepared from Torpedo californica electric organ. Phosphorylation was increased 5- to 12-fold in hypotonically lysed vesicles as compared with untreated vesicles. Control experiments confirm that this enhancement is a result of increased permeability of the membrane to ...
Because of extensive peak overlaps, we have adopted a divide-and-conquer strategy to solve the structure of RAP. The overall structure of the RAP was refined using the small-angle Scattering data (Lee et al., Protein Sci.
RAP is a 39 kDa protein and consists of three domains that are made of α-helices and flexible linkers and loops. It is important to confirm that the divided structures maintain the structural integrity of the intact RAP.
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a prototype ligand-gated ion channel that mediates signal transduction in the neuromuscular junctions and other cholinergic synapses. The molecular basis for the energetics of ligand binding and unbinding is critical to our understanding of the pharmacology of this class of receptors. Here we used steered molecular dynamics to ...
To establish the functional modification produced by phosphorylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) single channel currents activated by acetylcholine (ACh) from purified Torpedo californica AChR reconstituted in lipid bilayers were record...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Fluorescence based screening assays are provided that allow for the for identification of agents that selectively bind to a ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) such as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Also provided are methods for identifying agent...
... protein conjugate.'" and a recombinant protein;"" "' an unconjugated 25-amino acid peptide from the active site of' acetylcholin- esterase.' and tumor ...
... and a few PKs, including calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, PKC, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades ( ... protein kinase C, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and tyrosine p...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is an adaptor protein which involves in the activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-?B), in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor pathway. This signaling is modulated by proteins that interact with tumor necrosis factor ...
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... 1984. 114:930�940. PubMed, CSAPapadopoulos, V., S. Carreau, E. Szerman-Joly, M. A. Drosdowsky, L. Dehennin, ... ...
... called cytokines. The self-destruction of the cell (apoptosis) is initiated when the TNFR1 protein, bound to ... inflammation. It is unclear if disruption of the apoptosis pathway plays a role in the signs and ...
MedlinePLUS
... binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and diphtheria toxin receptor-associated protein (DRAP27)/CD9 form a ... ...
... coding for receptor associated protein (RAP) and plasma apolipoprotein (apoAI) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels. ... V. Solfrizzi, A. D'Introno, et al. 2002. Apolipoprotein E and angi...
All four subunits of the acetylcholine receptor in membrane vesicles isolated from Torpedo californica have been labeled with (/sup 3/H)cholesteryl diazoacetate. As this probe incorporates into lipid bilayers analogously to cholesterol, this result indicates that acetylcholine receptor interacts with cholesterol. This investigation also demonstrates that ...
Assembly and trafficking of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (Review) NEIL S. MILLAR & PATRICIA C and in revised form 25 February 2008) Abstract Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are members. Nicotinic receptors are complex pentameric transmembrane proteins which are assembled from a large family
The sequencing of the starlet sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis) genome provides opportunities to investigate the function and evolution of genes associated with chemical neurotransmission and hormonal signaling. This is of particular interest because sea anemones are anthozoans, the phylogenetically basal cnidarians least changed from the common ancestors of cnidarians and bilaterian animals, ...
Mar 1, 2011... induces the aggregation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on ... aggregation activity with as little as 5 ug secreted protein per ml ...
... the S100� protein, and synthesizing and degrading enzymes for the neurotransmitters gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA), and acetylcholine (ACh). ...
This study evaluates the biochemical and genetic aspects of the acetylcholine receptor proteins and cholinergic ligands in Drosophila melanogaster and Torpedo californica. Included are (1) a comparative study of nicotinic ligand-induced cation release from acetylcholine receptors isolated from Torpedo californica and from Drosophila ...
PC12 cells habituate during repetitive stimulation with acetylcholine, bradykinin, or high potassium. Interspersing these stimulants did not affect the rate of habituation of the others, but it could modulate the amplitude of the norepinephrine secretion each could achieve. Stimulation with acetylcholine inhibited norepinephrine secretion caused by high ...
Acetylcholinesterase (Acetylcholine acetylhydrolase E.C. 3.1.1.7.) released from a rat brain synaptosomal fraction was shown to rebind upon incubation in the presence of 3 mM acetylcholine. This action was shown to be reversible. Glutamate, aspartate and gamma-aminobutyrate antagonise this effect. Solubilization of both bulk protein ...
After having reconstituted in artificial membranes the calcium-dependent acetylcholine release step, and shown that essential properties of the mechanism were preserved, we purified from Torpedo electric organ nerve terminals a protein, the mediatophore, able to release acetylcholine upon calcium action. A plasmid encoding for Torpedo ...
Black lipid membranes were formed with oxidized cholesterol in the presence of either the acetylcholine receptor, purified from the electric organ of the electric ray Torpedo californica or its tryptic digest. In both cases, conductance of cations increased and was dependent on the concentration of the receptor protein. Conductance of Ca/sup + +/ was ...
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily that are expressed in and regulate the function of neurons, cardiac and smooth muscle, glands, and many other cell types and tissues. The correct trafficking of membrane proteins to the cell surface and their subsequent localization at ...
Pure gastrin I of Gregory and Tracy stimulated secretion not only of gastric acid but also of pancreatic fluid and protein material. Similarly, endogenous release of gastrin from a transplanted pouch of the pyloric gland area of the stomach, initiated by irrigation with solutions of acetylcholine, stimulated gastric acid secretion and pancreatic flow and ...
Histrionicotoxin from the Colombian frog Dendrobates histrionicus and its perhydro derivative reversibly block the acetylcholine-sensitive ion conductance system in frog neuromuscular preparations. The perhydro derivative and [3H]perhydrohistrionicotoxin, like histrionicotoxin, caused a significant decrease in the peak amplitude of the end-plate current and shortened its rise ...
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to characterize specific interactions between negatively charged lipids, such as phosphatidic acid, and the purified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. The specific interaction of phosphatidic acid with acetylcholine receptor is demonstrated by the receptor-induced perturbation of the ...
Seven serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) are a group of water- soluble large proteins that act on the presynaptic nerve cells of the neuro- muscular junctions. BoNTs act intracellulary to block acetylcholine neurotransmitter release leading to the f...
There is considerable evidence supporting the role of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of neuron specific proteins, e.g., synapsin and synaptophysin, in regulation of synaptic transmission. In this study concerning factors regulating presynaptic chol...
Protein phosphorylation is considered a key event in synaptic physiology. The acetylcholine receptor (AChR), a prototype of ligand-gated ion channels, plays a central role in postsynaptic signal transduction. To examine the functional consequences of AChR...
1. A method is described for the isolation and vascular perfusion in vitro of the mandibular gland of the rabbit. The perfusate is a physiological salt solution containing glucose as the only metabolic substrate. 2. During perfusion with solutions containing acetylcholine, the gland secretes vigorously at a rate and in a manner similar to that seen in vivo. Although the gland ...
The major brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is assembled from two subunits termed ? 4 and n? 1. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, these subunits reconstitute a functional acetylcholine receptor that is inhibited by progesterone levels similar to those found in serum. In this report, we show that the steroid interacts with a site located on the ...
The GA-binding protein (GABP) transcription factor has been shown in vitro to regulate the expression of the neuromuscular proteins utrophin, acetylcholine esterase, and acetylcholine receptor subunits ? and ? through the N-box promoter motif (5?-CCGGAA-3?), but its in vivo function remains unknown. A single point ...
.3 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)..........................................................................13 1.3.1 Role acetylcholine AChE acetylcholinesterase AChR acetylcholine receptor ADP,ATP adenosine diphosphate extracytoplasmicions,respectively #12;vii EeAChE Electrophorus electricus AChE FT-IR fourier transform infrared
the Lymnaea stagnalis acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) and the trans- membrane (TM) domain of the TorpedoAChRs during the gating process is currently unclear. Recently, the structure of nAChR from Torpedo marmorata-bound AChBP structure into the electron density of Torpedo nAChR, Unwin et al. were able to suggest how
It is generally accepted that Botulinum toxin cleaves the 25-kDa synaptosomal-associated protein to inhibit acetylcholine release (neuroexocytosis). Since several reports suggest another mechanism, we investigated possibility that inhibition of neuroexocy...
Biophysical and Ion Channel Functional Characterization of the Torpedo californica Nicotinic Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008 Abstract The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) of Torpedo-008-9107-7 #12;2002). nAChRs from Torpedo electric rays are five-subunit integral membrane protein complexes
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent one of the most abundant protein families encoded by the human genome. They are involved in the modulation of numerous physiological functions and represent major drug targets. Their activity is tightly controlled by a vast array of interacting partners that modulate their membrane targeting, intracellular ...
