... is described that measures the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity to inhibition by organophosphorus (OP) insecticides in ... for resistant individuals. The technique will also measure ACh...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
mutations and modifications in the GPI anchoring signal of rat acetylcholinesterase (AChE). 1) The resulting, in an active form, but the fraction of GPI-anchored AChE and the steady state level of AChE activity varied recently been cloned (20, 21). In mammals, ...
E-print Network
... Abstract : Plasma and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity changes in response to hemorrhage were studied in two groups of ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... of this project was to determine and compare the time-related changes in blood, brain, and tissue acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity during the ...
... Determination of baseline erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity levels in wildlife and livestock has been completed. ...
The question of which cells (distant or local) contain acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampal cortex, and which interneuronal contacts function with the participation of AChE is explored. Results of histochemical identification of AChE ...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The objective of this project is the crystallization of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with the long-term objective of determining its three-dimensional structure and, thereby, the detailed topography of its active site. Torpedo electric organ wa...
extensively investigated. In this study, we analyzed the effects of inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE of acetylcholine (ACh) release in the leech ganglion that is powerfully counteracted by endogenous AChE activity cholinergic signals on the Retzius neurons by inhibiting the ...
e dello Sviluppo, Universita` `La Sapienza', Roma, Italy Abstract Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) exists; we also analyzed the effects of heat shock and AChE inhibition on neuroblastoma cells. Active AChE, the acetylcholine hydrolyzing enzyme, acetyl- cholinesterase (AChE) ...
or its metabolites with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Kinetic studies indicated that CPT-11 was primarily of enzyme activity. Structural analogs of 4-piperidinopiperidine however, did not inhibit AChE, including be synthesized that do not inhibit AChE, or alternatively, that novel ...
data are presented on the interaction with Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase (TcAChE acetylcholine (ACh). The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) functions in cholinergic synapses for AD using AChE inhibitors as drugs (5-7). The inhibitors approved so far ...
The principal role of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) is termination of impulse). In keeping with this requirement, AChE possesses a remarkably high speci�c activity, especially for a serine). The three-dimensional structure of AChE from Tor- pedo californica ...
`res, 75006 Paris, France The membrane-bound form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) constitutes the major AChE catalytic subunits of type T (AChET), associated with a transmembrane protein of type 1, called the pro- line-rich motif, reduced both cellular and secreted AChE ...
Human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) was expressed in Escherichia coli under regulation of the constitutive deo promoter or the thermoinducible lambda P sub L promoter. To facilitate the expression in the prokaryotic system, the recombinant human AChE (rhAC...
Acaricidal activity of organophosphate (OP) and carbamate acaricides is believed to result from inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Previous studies in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus demonstrated the presence of three presumptive AChE genes (BmAChEs). Biochemical characterization ...
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
An investigation was conducted as to whether the predominantly slow SOL, which is low in AChE activity, is initially reinnervated by axons that originally innervated fast muscle fibers with high AChE activity, such as those of the EDL. Local denervation o...
By targeting the dual active sites of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a new series of berberine derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as AChE inhibitors. Most of the derivatives inhibited AChE in the sub-micromolar range. Compound 8c, berberine linked with phenol by a 4-carbon ...
PubMed
. The principal biological role of the synaptic enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), is to terminate synaptic for atherosclerosis.15 The solution of the crystal structures of Torpedo californica (Tc) AChE16 and, more recently). Although, as already mentioned, AChE displays very high catalytic ...
(Amersham Pharmacia Bio- Abbreviations: AchE, Acetylcholinesterase; AP, alkaline phospha- tase; CFU for acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity before processing for micro- scopy and colony scoring. Colonies of MK cells were and expres- sion of the MK marker, AchE, as we have ...
of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are determined by small C-terminal domains AChE variant expressed in the adult nervous system and muscles. These subunits possess specific of catalytically active AChE forms, including monomers, dimers and tetramers [4]. The mono- ...
of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the termination of nerve impulse transmission at cholinergic synapses by rapid of acetic acid (3) (see Scheme 1). In accordance with its function, AChE is an extremely rapid enzyme (3). Being an essential enzyme, AChE is the target of a variety of potent natural and synthetic toxic
Nerve-evoked contractions were studied in vitro in phrenic nerve- hemidiaphragm preparations from strain 129X1 acetyloholinesterase knockout (AChE-/-) mice and their wild-type littermates (AChE+/+). The AChE-/- mice fail to express AChE but have normal le...
Recombinant acetylcholinesterases (AChE) are pro- duced at systematically different levels, depending of Torpedo AChE and the chimeras, for which only a limited fraction of the synthesized polypeptides becomes active and is se- creted. In contrast, the fact that rat AChE is less well produced ...
... Accession Number : ADA268487. Title : The Crystallization of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Torpedo Electric Organ. ...
A novel Western blot assay was developed which could detect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from human erythrocytes. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) was used to separate at least five major isozymes of AChE. Inactivation of the catalytic activity with organophosph...
... used to detect insecticide resistance by measuring the activity levels of esterase (EST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), altered AChE (insecticide ... population was not significantly different. Table 3 En...
Synthesis of four new pyrimidone analogues of the acetyicholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor huperzine A are reported together with the inhibitory potendes of these compounds for foetal bovine calf serum AChE; t3-lactone formation followed by a thermal cyclore...
Acetyicholinesterase (AChE) is one of the most efficient enzymes known. The AChE active site consists of a narrow gorge with two separate ligand binding sites: an acylation site at the bottom of the gorge where substrate hydrolysis occurs and a peripheral...
Disclosed are methods for the preparation and use of labeled AChE and labeled AChE inhibitory conjugate compositions for detecting accumulation of toxic materials such as organophosphates, insecticides, and other nerve agents. Also disclosed are methods f...
Objectives? Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a common treatment for early stages of the most general form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease. In this study selected components of essential oils, which carry a variety of important functional groups, were tested for their in-vitro anti-acetylcholinesterase ...
... THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (AChE) FROM TORPEDO ELECTRIC ORGAN ... Table 1: AChE crystallization conditions ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has traditionally been monitored as a biomarker of organophosphate (OP) and/or car- bamate exposure. However, AChE activity may not be the most sensitive endpoint for these agrochemicals, because OPs can cause adverse physiological effects at concentrations ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) preparations from the muscle of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque) were treated (in vitro) with 74 chemicals of various classes, many of which are environmental contaminants, to determine their effect upon enzyme activity. A highly inh...
EPA Science Inventory
The purpose of the study is to explore the use of computer image analysis on conjunction with histochemical techniques to describe the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in nervous and muscular tissue in rats treated with organophosphate...
Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in captive-reared mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) that died of botulism was compared with euthanized controls. AChE levels for both groups were within the range reported for normal mallards, and there was no significant difference in mean AChE ...
USGS Publications Warehouse
Activity of synaptically released acetylcholine (Ach) is terminated by the degradative enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), or true cholinesterase. There is a second class of cholinesterase found in living systems, pseudocholinesterase (butyrylcholinestera...
... Title : Oxime Acetates: Substrates for Acetylcholinesterase. ... Abstract : Oxime acetates function as typical substrates for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). ...
Two acetylcholinesterases (AChEs), AChE1 and AChE2, differing in substrate specificity and in some aspects of inhibitor sensitivity, have been characterized in the mosquito Culex pipiens. The results of ultracentrifugation in sucrose gradients and nondenaturing gel electrophoresis of AChE ...
The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, E.C.3.1.1.7, (AChE) activity in the ventral nerve cord of pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) by methyl parathion (MPT) and methyl paraoxon (MPO) was investigated. When the animals were exposed to these compounds in water (in vivo), AChE activit...
of acetylcholinesterase AChE in different brain regions and the dendritic Z .arborization in CA3 pyramidal neurons of hippocampus were analysed. y Deprenyl-treated monkeys showed a significant increase in Z . Z . Z .the AChE increased in y deprenyl-treated monkeys. Enhanced AChE activity may ...
and postsynaptic mem- branes until they are hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the biomolec- ular off-switch for synaptic transmission. AChE is present as clusters of three tetramers suspended by collagen stalks bound molecules per second per AChE active site in the case of hu- man ...
of enzymes that fall broadly into two types: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). They are distinguished pri- marily by their substrate specificity: AChE hydrolyzes the natural neurotransmitter substrates (Chatonnet and Lockridge, 1989). Vertebrates contain both AChE and BChE, which prob- ...
The role of de novo synthesis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the spontaneous recovery of neuromuscular function (NMT) was studied in diaphragms isolated from soman-intoxicated rats. Ten min. after soman injection (3xLD50 i.v.) the AChE activity and NMT...
We previously reported that native tropical zone plants showed high acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity during heat stress, and that AChE activity in endodermal cells of maize seedlings was increased by heat treatment. However, the physiological role of AChE in heat ...
Human keratinocytes synthesize and secrete non-neuronal acetylcholine, which acts as a local cell signaling molecule, regulating functions like proliferation, cell adhesion, motility, desmosomal cell contact, and glandular activity. The keratinocyte acetylcholine axis is composed of the enzymes mediating acetylcholine synthesis (acetyltransferase) and degradation ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity is one of the most common biomarkers of neurotoxicity used in aquatic organisms. However, compared to its extensive use as biomarker, the effects of natural factors on AChE activity remain unclear especially in estuarine fishes. The aim of this study was to ...
A bioelectronic hybrid system for the detection of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) catalytic activity was assembled by way of immobilizing the enzyme to the gate surface of an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET). Photometric methods used to characterize bonded enzyme and linker layers on silicon substrates confirm the existence of a stable ...
at the active site of the enzyme Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase (TcAChE), and permitted monitoring of subsequent clearance of a radiolysis product from the active site. AChE terminates transmission-product expelled. Then, a water molecule regenerates the free enzyme with concomitant ...
The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats increased by 53% following an electroconvulsive shock (ECS) while non-specific cholinesterase (nsChE) activity was unchanged. A flurothyl-induced seizure failed to elicit a change in the AChE ...
PubMed Central
N-methylasimilobine (1), a new-found strong acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, along with two weakly active aporphine alkaloids, nuciferine (2) and nornuciferine (3) were separated from Nelumbo nucifera. N-methylasimilobine (1) inhibited 50% of AChE activity at the concentrations of ...
In the course of screening natural products for anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, we found that a total methanolic extract of the underground parts of Caragana chamlague (Leguminosae) had significant inhibition towards AChE. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the total methanolic extract resulted in the ...
... erythrocyte dimer acetylcholinesterase (AChE; acetylcholine acetyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7), but bound to other mammalian AChEs, including the ...
By targeting multi-active sites of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a series of huperzine A (Hup A) derivatives with various aromatic ring groups were designed and synthesized by Schiff reaction. They were evaluated as AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors. Results showed very significant specificity that ...
Geissoschizine methyl ether (1), a newly discovered strong acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, along with six weakly active alkaloids, vallesiachotamine (2), hisuteine (3), hirsutine (4), isorhynchophylline (5), cisocorynoxeine (6) and corynoxeine (7) have been isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla. Geissoschizine methyl ether (1) ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is concentrated at the vertebrate neuromuscular synapse. To determine whether increased transcript levels could underlie this selective accumulation, we employed a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-based assay to determine mRNA copy number in samples as small as single neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) ...
A full-length cDNA encoding an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Hydra magnipapillata was isolated. All of the important aromatic residues that line a catalytic gorge in cholinesterases of other species were conserved, but the sequences of peripheral anionic and choline binding sites were not. Hydra AChE, expressed in Xenopus oocytes, ...
Plasma and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity changes in response to hemorrhage were studied in two groups of conscious immature swine (21 + or - 1 kg) 7 to 10 days after chronic implantation of arterial and venous catheters. One group was im...
A series of physostigmine analogues were prepared and evaluated for cholinesterase inhibition activities, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Most of them showed potent inhibition activities against AChE, in which compound 17 especially exhibited ...
Studies were completed on the time course of the effect of DFP on brain acetylcholinesterase ACH activity. While brain ACH activity is maximally depressed only 5 minutes after administration, most behavior effects require two or more hours before the maxi...
... electric eel and a range of insect acetylcholinesterases (AChE). Incubation of chlorpyrifos and sulprofos with meta-chloroperoxybenzoic ... MCPBA) produced active metabolites capable of distinguishing bet...
The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) increases rapidly after the gastrula stage of sea urchin development. In this report, changes in activity and in the molecular differentiation of AchE were investigated. AchE activity increased slightly during ...
Carbamate insecticides are biologically active because of their structural complementarity to the active site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and their consequent action as substrates with very low turnover numbers. Carbamates behave as synthetic neurohormones that produce their toxic action by interrupting the ...
The acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) was immobilized on a chromatographic support to study the effect of magnesium on the binding mechanism of five AChE inhibitors (donepezil, tacrine, galanthamine, physostigmine and huperzine). The determination of the enthalpy and entropy changes of this binding at different magnesium concentration ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) is an important enzyme for cholinergic nerve transmission. The action of toxic organophosphates such as nerve agents is based on AChE inhibition. The death following acute nerve agent poisoning is due to central or peripheral respiratory/cardiac failure. Therefore, the changes in ...
... Abstract : This report describes studies on organophosphorus (OP) inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the mammalian spinal cord in which ...
Distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in some of the structures of the forebrain and midbrain of the Arctic long-tail ground squirrel is similar to that in other mammals. Quantitative histochemical investigation (incubation of slices at 7 and 25 degrees C) showed that onset of hibernation is accompanied by opposite ...
Plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured repeatedly in 27 mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings between 7 and 85 days of age to determine age-dependent changes in enzyme activity. Plasma AChE, BChe, and tot...
Plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured repeatedly in 27 mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings between 7 and 85 days of age to determine age-dependent changes in enzyme activity. Plasma AChE, BChe, and total cholinesterase (ChE) a...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility to use acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a biomarker of exposure to deltamethrin insecticide in the honeybee, Apis mellifera and to test its reliability in the presence of other contaminants, as carbamate insecticide. Joined actions of deltamethrin (pyrethroid) and pirimicarb (carbamate), alone or in ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor has been used as a drug for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In order to search for new AChE inhibitors, 32 plants used in Thai traditional rejuvenating and neurotonic remedies were collected. The plant methanolic extracts were tested for AChE inhibitory ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is emerging as an important contributor to apoptosis in various cell types. However, overexpression of AChE does not initiate apoptosis, and cells which express AChE at basal levels grow normally, suggesting that AChE may function differently between normal and ...
Alcohol abuse is a health problem throughout the world and alcohol consumption is linked to the occurrence of several pathological conditions. Acute ethanol administration exerts a variety of actions on the central nervous system (CNS). Zebrafish has been used as an attractive model system to investigate behavioral and neurochemical changes promoted by alcohol intoxication. Here we investigated ...
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are highly homologous proteins with distinct substrate preferences. In this study we compared the active sites of monomers and tetramers of human BChE and human AChE after performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in water-solvated systems. By ...
Organophosphorus esters (OP) are highly toxic chemicals used as pesticides and nerve agents. Their acute toxicity is attributed to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) in nerve synapses. Our goal was to find a new therapeutic for protection against OP toxicity. We used a gene therapy vector, adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV-2), to ...
Energy Citations Database
Human AChE was cloned and expressed in E. coli under the regulation of the inductible lambda PL and the constitutive deo promoters. A partially purified inactive recombinant protein was recovered from inclusion bodies. After solubilization, folding and ox...
The purpose of this project was to determine and compare the time- related changes in blood, brain, and tissue acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity during the first hour after exposure to six organophosphorus nerve agents (GA, GB, GD, GF, VR, and VX) in H...
Hypertension and hypothermia are common symptoms in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos (CHP), an organophosphate (OP)-based pesticide. CHP inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity resulting in central and peripheral stimulation of cholinergic pathways involved in blood pressure ...
... were compared. We also evaluated the general esterases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutathione transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities ... ...
The present study has shown that the organophosphate anticholinesterase soman inhibits the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and carboxylesterase (CarbE) activities in the respiratory system in vitro (rat and guinea pig) and in v...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several AChE inhibitors, e.g. rivastigmine, galantamine and huperzine are originating from plants, suggesting that herbs could potentially serve as sources for novel AChE inhibitors. Here, we searched potential ...
and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in central nerve endings, a high affinity choline uptake, and cytoplasmic choline activities [acetyl- (AChE), butyryl- (BChE), and propionyl- (PChE) cholinesterase] were assayed in parallel.70 PO 82.27 � 12.94 92.40 � 10.23 93.83 � 18.33 AChE OL 131.46 � ...
Through bioassay-guided fractionation and chromatography technique, eight indole alkaloids were furnished from the stems of Ervatamia hainanensis. All isolates were evaluated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activities, in which compounds 1 and 3 exhibited the same level of activities as galantamine, a ...
A complex between an anionic polythiophene derivative (PT-COO(-)) and a cationic surfactant, myristoylcholine, has been prepared and applied to be colorimetric probe for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assays. The complex formation process, AChE activity assay and inhibitor screening has been studied by absorption ...
Application of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors is the primary treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Alkaloids, such as physostigmine, galanthamine, and huperzine A, play an important role as AChE inhibitors. The aim of this work was to evaluate Himatanthus lancifolius (Muell. Arg.) Woodson, a Brazilian species of Apocynaceae, and ...
Aphids, among the most destructive insects to world agriculture, are mainly controlled by organophosphate insecticides that disable the catalytic serine residue of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Because these agents also affect vertebrate AChEs, they are toxic to non-target species including humans and birds. We previously reported that ...
Synthesis of four new pyrimidone analogues of the acetyicholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor huperzine A are reported together with the inhibitory potendes of these compounds for foetal bovine calf serum AChE; t3-lactone formation followed by a thermal cycloreversion reaction serves as the key step for introduction of the ethylidene appendage of analogue 12 in ...
The active site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is located at the bottom of a deep and narrow cleft called californica (TcAChE) have been published with numerous competitive inhibi- tors, invariably cations.3 � 6 molecules. The present study was prompted by the obser- vation that in some of our ...
The antidotal action of atropine with trimedoxime, obidoxime or methoxime against isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate intoxication in mice was studied. The best antidotal effect was demonstrated for the combination of atropine and methoxime (tested as therapeutic index or D50 index). The effect of atropine (constant dose) and methoxime (different doses) on acetylcholinesterase ...
Ethanol extract of the aerial portion of Chelidonium majus L. inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity without a significant inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Using mass spectrometry and NMR studies, three active constituents were isolated and identified: 8-hydroxydihydrochelerythrine (1), ...
Three stable silanetriols with increasing steric protection of the silicon atom have been tested for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). For all tested silanetriols we found reversible inhibition of the AChE activity at a 100�?M concentration. The highest inhibition rate was found for the sterically least ...
BackgroundMany studies have been conducted in an extensive effort to identify alterations in blood cholinesterase levels as a consequence of disease, including the analysis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in plasma. Conventional assays using selective cholinesterase inhibitors have not been particularly successful as excess amounts of butyrylcholinesterase ...
The toxicity of organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents is manifested through irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at the cholinergic synapses, which stops nerve signal transmission, resulting in a cholinergic crisis and eventually death of the poisoned person. Oxime compounds used in nerve agent antidote regimen reactivate nerve ...
Environmental, congenital, and acquired immunological insults perturbing neuromuscular junction (NMJ) activity may induce a variety of debilitating neuromuscular pathologies. However, the molecular elements linking NMJ dysfunction to long-term myopathies are unknown. Here, we report dramatically elevated levels of mRNA encoding c-Fos and the "readthrough" (R) variant of ...
We have previously reported that the 10s molecular form (G4) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is selectively lost from several cortical areas of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. In the current follow-up study, we microdissected several areas of nondemented and AD brain, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus. Tissue homogenates were ...
In a bioassay-guided search for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors from 180 medicinal plants, an ethyl acetate extract of whole plants of Agrimonia pilosa ledeb yielded tiliroside (1), 3-methoxy quercetin (2), quercitrin (3) and quercetin (4). We report herein for the first time that all four flavonol compounds showed significant inhibitory effects on ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression in fast rat muscles is approximately fourfold higher than in slow muscles. We examined whether different muscle activation patterns are responsible for this difference and whether the calcineurin signaling pathway is involved in AChE regulation. The slow soleus and fast ...
In the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, we expressed the rat acetylcholinesterase H and T subunits (AChEH and AChET respectively), as well as truncated subunits from rat (W553stop or AChETDelta, from which most of the T-peptide was removed) and from Bungarus (V536stop, or AChENAT, or ...
A primary role of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is regulation of cholinergic neurotransmission by hydrolysis of synaptic acetylcholine. In the developing nervous system, however, AChE also functions as a morphogenic factor to promote axonal growth. This raises the question of whether organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) that are known to ...
Looking for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibiting compounds within the plant kingdom, we came across the triterpene alpha-onocerin, which has recently been described as the active principle (IC(50) of 5.2 microM) of Lycopodium clavatum L. In order to discover related terpenoid structures with similar AChE ...
Exposure to carbofuran and fenamiphos for 72 hours reduced the numbers of active Aphelenchus avenae in aqueous suspension by > 75%. When nematicides were removed, many A. avenae exposed to carbofuran resumed normal movement but A. avenae treated with fenamiphos did not recover. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ...
The toxicity of carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and profenofos to the freshwater shrimp, Paratya australiensis was assessed by measuring acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition after 96h exposures. Shrimp exposed to these pesticides exhibited significant AChE inhibition, with mortality in shrimp corresponding to 70-90% ...
A mouse strain with a deleted acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene (AChE knockout) shows a decreased inspiration time and increased tidal volume and ventilation. To investigate the respective roles of AChE in brain and muscle, we recorded respiration by means of whole-body plethysmography in knockout mice with tissue ...
We have studied the dynamic properties of acetylcholinesterase dimer from Torpedo californica liganded with tacrine (AChE-THA) in solution using molecular dynamics. The simulation reveals fluctuations in the width of the primary channel to the active site that are large enough to admit substrates. Alternative entries to the ...
Commercially available essential oils extracted from Artemisia dracunculus L., Inula graveolens L., Lavandula officinalis Chaix, and Ocimum sanctum L. and the components of these oils were screened by the microplate assay method for determining their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. The composition profiles of the oils ...
The total ACh content and AChE activity were determined 1 hr after the i.p. injection of different doses of thiopental sodium (5, 10 and 20 mg/ml/100 g body wt) and barbitone sodium (20, 40 and 80 mg/ml/100 g body wt). The effect of different time intervals (1 min, 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2.5 hr, 5 hr, 8 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr and 48 hr) on ...
The phylo- and ontogenetically related enzymes butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are expressed consecutively at the onset of avian neuronal differentiation. In order to investigate their possible co-regulation, we have studied the effect of highly selective inhibitors on each of the cholinesterases with respect to their ...
The goal of this study was to assess acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition at different regions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract following inhalation exposure to nerve agent sarin. Seven major regions of the GI tract were removed from saline control animals (n=3) and 677.4 mg/m(3) sarin-exposed animals at 4h (n=4) and 24h (n=4) post-exposure. ...
Although the specific activity of erythrocyte (RBC) acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) activity is relatively high, use of the standard spectrophotometric assay [1] presents special problems due primarily to the interference of hemoglobin with the absorbance spectrum of the assay produ...
The inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in different concentrations and exposure periods was investigated in the fish, Cyprinus carpio. Sublethal concentrations 14% (0.0224 mg/l) and 7% (0.0112 mg/l) of the lethal concentration (0.160 mg/l) of chlorpyrifos were used in the present study. Carp were ...
Male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained under controlled environmental conditions were used. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was determined in the cerebral cortex, midbrain, hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata of saline control and ethanol-treated rats, either after a single dose at 06:0 or 18:00h, or ...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a low acetylcholine (ACh) concentration in the hippocampus and cortex. ACh is a neurotransmitter hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Therefore, it is not surprising that AChE inhibitors (AChEIs) ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that degrades acetylcholine, is a heterogeneous enzyme that can be separated into multiple molecular forms. A tetrameric membrane-bound form (G4) and a monomeric soluble form (G1) are the two predominant enzyme species in mammalian brain. The distribution of AChE molecular forms was defined by ...
Mammalian acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene expression is exquisitely regulated in target tissues and cells during differentiation. An intron located between the first and second exons governs a approximately 100-fold increase in AChE expression during myoblast to myotube differentiation in C2C12 cells. Regulation is confined to 255 bp ...
of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) monolayer at the air/aqueous interface. The results show that it is the ionogenic groups/aqueous interface rather than an organized AChE monolayer. Furthermore, the AFM images of the AChE LB film prepared Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an ...
-paralogous acetylcholinesterase (AChE) precursor of 701 amino acid residues was identified as the second AChE gene (Ace2 position in Torped AChE (Phe331) is located in the vicinity of the catalytic His in the acyl pocket; Organophosphate; Mosquito; Linkage map Acetylcholinesterase ...
Supe�rieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) exists as AChEH and ACh the catalytic and tetramerization domains. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)1 is an essential component the neuro- transmitter, acetylcholine. In vertebrates, ...
... These include human recombinant AChE, bovine fetal serum AChE, AChE from the venom of the krait, Bungarus fasciatus (BfAChE), and horse ...
ERYTHROCYTE acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is strongly bound to the cell membrane1. To isolate and purify this enzyme, it must be removed from the membrane and brought into solution. Methods used for this purpose have included treatment with butanol2, digestion with pancreatin3, or addition of a surface-active material4,5. More recently, ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Methoxime (MMB-4) is a leading candidate oxime acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivator to replace pralidoxime (2-PAM) for therapeutic treatment of nerve agent intoxication. 4-Pyridine aldoxime (4-PA) is a synthetic starting material, a breakdown product, ...
Two unusual pyridine alkaloids, 7'-multijuguinone (1) and 12'-hydroxy-7'-multijuguinone (2), were isolated from the leaves of Senna multijuga, together with the known flavonoid rutin. The structures of the new alkaloids were established on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate in vitro acetylcholinesterase ...
With the object of developing an alkylating type of active site reagent for acetylcholinesterase (AChE; acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7), (3-bromo-2-oxopropyl)trimethylammonium bromide (BAT). 1-(3-bromo-2-oxopropyl)pyridinium bromide, 3-(bromoac...
We conducted experiments in Drosophila to investigate the consequences of altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the nervous system. In ace hypomorphic mutant larvae, the amount of ace mRNA and the activity of AChE both in vivo and in vitro were significantly reduced compared with ...
Cholinesterases (ChEs) are classified as either acetylcholinesterase (AChE) or butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) based on their substrate and inhibitor specificity. Organophosphate and carbamate compounds commonly represented by herbicides, pesticides, and nerve gases irreversibly inhibit ChEs. Therefore, exposure to organophosphates and carbamates is normally ...
These studies examine the influence of inorganic lead on expression of dihydropyridine receptors and molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in primary cultures of avian skeletal muscles. Treatment of avian muscle cultures with Pb{sup ++} in the concentration range 0-100 {mu}M caused graded reductions in the amounts of dihydropyridine receptors. ...
The present study assesses the effect of unilateral lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) and of treatment with L-alpha-glyceryl phosphorylcholine (GFC, choline alfoscerate) on the acetylcholine-synthesizing (choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)), and acetylcholine-degradating (acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) enzymes in the rat fronto-parietal ...
A series of dual binding site acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors have been designed, synthesized, and tested for their ability to inhibit AChE, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), AChE-induced and self-induced ?-amyloid (A?) aggregation. The new hybrids consist of a unit of 1-azabenzanthrone and a tacrine or its ...
The repetitive and inadequate application of pediculicidal products frequently results in the development of resistance to these compounds. Essential oils are a promising alternative to synthetic insecticides, although their mode of action remains to be explored. It has been proposed that one possible target of the essential oils is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the clonal NG108-15 cell line has been previously characterized. This cell line represents an in vitro system to study AChE regulation and effects of chemical compounds that may alter AChE activity. Recently, glycyl-L-glutamine (GLG) was demonstrated to function ...
... 8 Fig. 3: Fractionation by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the Torpedo AChE dimer subsequent to purification by affinity ...
... Abbreviations: Ach, acetylcholine; AChE, acetylcholinesterase; AChEI, acetylcholin- esterase inhibitor; ATR, atropine sulfate; AUC, area under curve ...
Currently acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) therapy is one of the most frequently used methods in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease; tacrine, donepezil, rivastygmine and galantamine are applied in different stages of AD. In the present study, we propose a new series of 2-benzoxazolinone derivatives as potential cholinesterase inhibitors. These ...
An extract of Styrax agrestis fruits, collected in Vietnam, significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed three new egonol-type benzofurans: egonol-9(Z),12(Z) linoleate (1), 7-demethoxyegonol-9(Z),12(Z) linoleate (2), and 7-demethoxyegonol oleate (4). Ten known egonol-type benzofurans were also ...
As part of a phase Ib clinical trial to determine the tolerability and safety of the highly specific acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor huperzine A, twelve (12) healthy elderly individuals received an escalating dose regimen of huperzine A (100, 200, 300, and 400 microg doses, twice daily for a week at each dose), with three (3) individuals as controls ...
Localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the area postrema and area subpostrema of the rat was investigated by light- and electronmicroscopic histochemical methods. AChE-positive small cells probably identical with parenchyma cells are spread evenly in the area postrema. Since axosomatic synapses and axons could not be ...
Drosophila has a single glycoinositol phospholipid (GPI)-anchored form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) encoded by the Ace locus. To assess the role that GPI plays in the physiology, of AChE, we have replaced the wild-type GPI-AChE with a chimeric transmembrane form (TM-AChE) in the nervous ...
The recovery effect of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on antioxidant enzymes, locomotor behaviour and the target enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) interaction were studied after exposure to 297?gL(-1) (LC(50) for 96h) in mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase in ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators are crucial antidotes to organophosphate intoxication. A new series of 26 monooxime-monocarbamoyl xylene-linked bispyridinium compounds was prepared and tested in vitro, along with known reactivators (pralidoxime, HI-6, obidoxime, trimedoxime, methoxime, K107, K108 and K203), on a model of tabun- and paraoxon-, ...
We recently reported that the expression of the synaptic form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is induced during apoptosis in various cell types in vitro. Here, we provide evidence to confirm that AChE is expressed during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced apoptosis in vivo. Renal I/R is a major cause of acute renal failure (ARF), ...
Standard treatment of acute poisoning by organophosphorus compounds (OP) includes administration of an antimuscarinic (e.g. atropine) and of an oxime-based reactivator of OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). A recently introduced dynamically working in vitro model with real-time determination of membrane-bound AChE ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining in spleens from young adult Sprague-Dawley rats was examined following several denervation paradigms to determine the source of splenic AChE+ nerve fibers. In spleens from all control groups, AChE+ neural-like profiles were present along the vasculature and in the trabeculae. ...
Increasing evidence suggests excess illness in Persian Gulf War veterans (GWV) can be explained in part by exposure of GWV to organophosphate and carbamate acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEis), including pyridostigmine bromide (PB), pesticides, and nerve agents. Evidence germane to the relation of AChEis to illness in GWV was ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) anchors onto cell membranes by a transmembrane protein PRiMA (proline-rich membrane anchor) as a tetrameric form in vertebrate brain. The assembly of AChE tetramer with PRiMA requires the C-terminal "t-peptide" in AChE catalytic subunit (AChE(T)). Although mature ...
To investigate the molecular basis of regional variation in expression of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7), steady-state levels of AChE activity and mRNA were examined. Relative AChE activity in Triton extracts from six areas of the rat brain varied as follows: ...
Our recent determination of the 3D-structure of AChE from Torpedo californica (1) reveals, for the first time at atomic resolution, a protein binding pocket for the neurotransmitter ACh. The active site contains a catalytic triad (S200-H440-E327) near the...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is highly expressed at sites of nerve-muscle contact where it is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its regulation is incomplete, but they appear to involve both translational and post-translational events as well. Here we show that ...
Previous kinetic studies investigating the interactions between human acetylcholinesterase (AChE), structurally different organophosphorus compounds (OP) and oximes did not reveal a conclusive structure-activity relationship of the different reactions. The only exception was for a homologous series of methylphosphonofluoridates bearing ...
Despite advances in understanding the cell biology of glycoinositol phospholipid (GPI)-anchored proteins in cultured cells, the in vivo functions of GPI anchors have remained elusive. We have focused on Drosophila acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a model GPI-anchored protein that can be manipulated in vivo with sophisticated genetic techniques. In ...
The effects of direct exposure of boars to thermal stress for 1 h daily for 5 days and to acute water deprivation for 24 or 48 h were studied on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of porcine brain and hypophysial regions. Mean ambient temperatures, respiratory rates and rectal temperatures in the open were significantly higher ...
The latex of four plants viz. Euphorbia royleana, Jatropha gossypifolia (Euphorbiaceae), Nerium indicum and Thevetia peruviana (Apocynaceae) caused significant reduction in acid/alkaline phosphatase activity and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity in nervous tissue of freshwater air breathing fish Channa marulius. The reduction in the ...
Parnetti L, Chiasserini D, Andreasson U, Ohlson M, H�ls C, Zetterberg H, Minthon L, Wallin �K, Andreasen N, Talesa VN, Blennow K. Changes in CSF acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase activity after long-term treatment with AChE inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 124: 122-129. � 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives?-? To ...
Division of labor in honey bee colonies is highlighted by adult bees making a transition at 2-3 wk of age from working in the hive to foraging for nectar and pollen outside. This behavioral development involves acquisition of new tasks that may require advanced learning capabilities. Because acetylcholinesterase (AChE) hydrolyzes acetylcholine, a major ...
The consumption of fish and fish-derived products is the main pathway of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). Methylmercury levels vary widely in fish, depending on age, size, the position of the species in the food chain, and most of all, on pollution levels. MeHg affects the Acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) and the serum ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is expressed in murine megakaryocytes (MK), where its antisense inhibition suppresses differentiation, yet was never detected in human MK. Here, we report that AChE is produced in normal human bone marrow MK and in cell lines derived thereof. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) ...
O-ethyl-S (2 diisopropylaminoethyl) methyl phosphorothiolate (MPT) is an active site-directed inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The inhibition of mouse muscle AChE by MPT as well as the inhibition of its individual molecular forms do not proceed as simple irreversible bimolecular reactions. The ...
Substantial efforts have been devoted to developing and applying biomarkers for ecological risk assessment. Bivalve mollusks, such as mussels and oysters, are commonly used in environmental monitoring programs because of their wide geographical distribution, great sensitivity to environmental pollutants, and ability to accumulate anthropogenically derived chemicals at a high rate. ...
Species-related differences in sensitivity to acute intoxication by anticholinesterase compounds have been attributed, in large part, to differences in the kinetics of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro. Since inhibition of AChE is also in...
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Treatment for OP poisoning is by administration of atropine sulfate, an oxime, and diazepam. Oximes such as 2-PAM are used to reactivate OP-inhibited AChE so as to rest...
14. ABSTRACT Electrophysiological and ultrastructural studies were performed on phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations isolated from wild-type (AChE +/+) and acetylcholinesterase knockout (AChE -/-) mice to determine the compensatory mechanism manifeste...
Oral intubation of 50 and 100 mg/kg acephate inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 45% and 56%, and reduced basal luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration by 29% and 25% after 4 h in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis). Dietary exposure to 25, 100, and 400 ppm acephate for 5 days substantially ...
The influence of malathion and its four main degradation products found in irradiated solutions (malaoxon, isomalathion, diethyl maleate and O,O-dimethyl phosphate) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of free and immobilized bovine erythrocytes was investigated. The concentration-dependent responses to malathion and related organophosphates, malaoxon and ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors played an important role in developing a cure for Alzheimer' s disease. In order to study on the influence of modifications at different groups and side chains on the AChE inhibitory ability and the active sites of 7H-thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-7-one derivatives, fourteen ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) terminates nerve-impulse transmission at cholinergic synapses by rapid hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. Substrate traffic in AChE involves at least two binding sites, the catalytic and peripheral anionic sites, which have been suggested to be allosterically related and involved in substrate ...
Oxidative stress status and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were studied in blood samples obtained from 61 agricultural workers engaged in spraying organophosphorus (OP) insecticides in the mango plantation, with a minimum work history of one year, in the age range of 12-55 years. Controls were age-matched, unexposed workers, who ...
Acetylcholinesterace (AChE) is known to be the major target for organophophate and carbamate insecticides and biomolecular changes to AChE have been demonstrated to be an important mechanism for insecticide resistance in many insect species. In this study, AChE from three field populations of Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) ...
... of this project was to solve, for the first time, by X-ray crystallography, the three-dimensional structure of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and to learn ...
... Abstract : We have traced the postnatal development of axons and cells in kitten striate cortex that contain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using a ...
... Abstract : Lethal or near-lethal doses of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors cause respiratory depression and cardiovascular collapse. ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is responsible for the rapid hydrolytic degradation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into inactive products choline and acetic acid. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of carbaryl and dichlorvos on the activity of AChE. In this experimental study, 60 samples of free ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was analyzed as a molecular marker indicative of exposure to organophosphorus pesticide residues in individuals of the endemic clam species Semele solida in selected coastal locations of Chile's VIII Region. AChE activity was assayed in clams from (i) Penco ...
.3 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)..........................................................................13 1.3.1 Role acetylcholine AChE acetylcholinesterase AChR acetylcholine receptor ADP,ATP adenosine diphosphate extracytoplasmicions,respectively #12;vii EeAChE ...
of the synaptic enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with a polypeptide toxin present in the venom of the green for assessing the changes in the affinity of Fas for AChE. AChE is a synaptic enzyme that terminates impulse californica AChE (TcAChE), mouse ...
We recently reported on a non-neuronal secreted acetylcholinesterase (AChE B) from the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Here we describe the primary structure and enzymatic properties of a second secreted variant, termed AChE C after the designation of native AChE isoforms from this parasite. As for ...
Salt-soluble and detergent-soluble acetylcholinesterases (AChE) from adult rat brain were purified to homogeneity and studied with the aim to establish the differences existing between these two forms. It was found that the enzymatic activities of the purified salt-soluble AChE as well as the detergent-soluble ...
of huperzine A (HA) to acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In this study the authors ran a short MD simulation (40 ps
... The effects of inorganic salts, gallamine trietiodide and (+)-tubocurarine chloride on mammalian acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were examined. ...
... To further understand the biochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of different molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), we cloned the ...
... Abstract : Studies on the structural of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a target of organophosphate toxicity continue and have yielded several leads ...
Two genes (ace-1 and ace-2) encode two major classes (A and B) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A null mutation in ace-1 (allele p1000) suppresses all acetylcholinesterase activity of class A. We have identified an opal mutation TGG (W99)-->TGA (Stop) as the only alteration ...
The effects of chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus insecticide, were examined on the activity of the nervous system enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the threeridge mussel Amblema plicata in a 24-day laboratory test. Thirty-six mussels in each of seven treatments (18 mussels per duplicate) were exposed to chlorpyrifos (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was immobilized on two different composite membranes constituted by a chemically modified poly-acrylonitrile (PAN) membrane plus a layer of tethered chitosan of different molecular weight, 10 kDa or 400 kDa. AChE was also directly immobilized on a chemically modified PAN membrane with NaOH and ...
New insecticides are urgently needed because resistance to current insecticides allows resurgence of disease-transmitting mosquitoes while concerns for human toxicity from current compounds are growing. We previously reported the finding of a free cysteine (Cys) residue at the entrance of the active site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ...
, the catalytic domain of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) may be associated with several C-terminal peptides generated and in mammals; its C-terminal r peptide, also called "AChE Related Peptide" (ARP), is poorly conserved between in Split (Croatia) by Elsa Reiner in 1975, our group reported that acetylcholinesterase ...
A series of tetracyclic thienopyrimidines (7-14) was prepared and investigated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase (EeAChE), as well as human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE). A new synthetic procedure was ...
Cholinergic neurotransmission in the central and autonomic nervous systems regulates immediate variations in and longer-term maintenance of cardiovascular function with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity that is critical to temporal responsiveness. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), largely confined to the liver and plasma, subserves ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) contains a narrow and deep active site gorge with two sites of ligand binding, an acylation site (or A-site) at the base of the gorge and a peripheral site (or P-site) near the gorge entrance. The P-site contributes to catalytic efficiency by transiently binding substrates on their way to the acylation site, ...
Heat shock response, an induced transcription of a set of genes in response to high temperature, occurs in all organisms. In neurons, the catalytic subunit of acetylcholinesterase (AChE(T)) interacts with proline-rich membrane anchor (PRiMA) to form a globular tetrameric form (G(4) form). In this study, we examined the effects of heat shock on the ...
Current anticholinesterase pesticides were developed during World War II and are toxic to mammals because they target a catalytic serine residue of acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) in insects and in mammals. A sequence analysis of AChEs from 73 species and a three-dimensional model of a malaria-carrying mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) ...
With the use of the histochemical procedure for the demonstration of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, the distribution cholinergic regulatory elements was studied in the esophagus, the pharynx, the stomach, the liver (the digestive gland) and the intestine in sea and terrestrial gastropod molluscs that differed in their general ...
A quantitative, two-column, HPLC-based assay requiring only 30 min to complete is reported. Amniotic fluid proteins are first fractionated on a size-exclusion column; the fraction containing the M(r) 280,000 neural acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is then diverted to a second column, an ImmunoDetection cartridge derivatized with an ...
Therapeutically valuable proteins are often rare and/or unstable in their natural context, calling for production solutions in heterologous systems. A relevant example is that of the stress-induced, normally rare, and naturally unstable �read-through� human acetylcholinesterase variant, AChE-R. AChE-R shares its ...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are widely used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to enhance central cholinergic transmission. On the other hand, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors were reported to produce a significant increase in brain extracellular AChE without triggering severe peripheral or ...
We analyzed the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its molecular forms in the tissues of normal and dystrophic (mdx) mice, at different developmental stages. We studied the brain, the heart and the serum, in addition to four predominantly fast-twitch muscles (tibialis, plantaris, gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum longus ...
A comparison between several immobilization materials of AChE on surface of glassy carbon electrode(GCE) was presented. The immobilization methods employed crosslinking method with glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent and bovine serum albumin(BSA) as a protectant, AChE was immobilized on different membranes including nylon membrane, cellulose nitrate ...
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was grown on four layers of paper towel moistened with distilled water with and without acetylcholine (ACh) for five days in the dark after sowing. ACh at 1 nM promoted the growth (emergence and elongation) of lateral roots of radish plants, but had no effect on the stems and main roots. Moreover, ACh ...
The appearance of cholinergic trait often precedes synaptogenesis, indicating the involvement of cholinesterase proteins in nervous system development, particularly so acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In addition to AChE's acclaimed esterase activity, its lesser known non-cholinergic functions have gained much ...
... P. Bantham. The activity and organophosphate inhibition of cholinesterase from susceptible and resistant ticks (Acari). Entomol. Exp. ... R. J. Russell, and G. C. Robin. Carboxyl/cholinesterases a case st...
