Analog signals have been amplified by backward Raman scattering in a multimode graded-index fiber. A gain of 28.5 dB and excellent time profile fidelity have been achieved.

with QPSK modulation with Gray coding signal assignment to achieve higher spectral efficiency, ..... Number of decoder iterations: Variable depending on signal-to-noise ratio. .... 2, Dec. 97. 6-1. 6 Pseudo-Randomizer. 6.1 Introduction ...

-order intermodulation product can be minimized and a high SFDR can be achieved if a modulator is biased at the nullBm) RFoutputpower(dBm) 0.5 V Fig. 6. Measured fundamental and third-order intermodulation signals. different input can be achieved. By checking the intermodulation signals, the slope of the ...

The study reports record parameters achieved by a quantron with a coaxial pump lamp: a weak signal amplification per passage through the active element (AE) of 6000 and a free generation efficiency of 6 percent. It is shown that tight fitting of an AE in the coaxial lamp cavity ensures maximum laser efficiency but ...

The effect of various rare-gas diluents on the operating performance of the e-beam-excited XeCl laser is theoretically analyzed. The analysis of the XeCl* pumping process and the extraction process could solve the dependence of the intrinsic efficiency, small-signal gain, and absorption on the rare-gas diluent. As a result, there is no appreciable ...

An efficient and simple method for simultaneous optical signal detection and subcarrier generation in a fiber optic radio system is demonstrated. Baseband signals are transmitted from a central station through optical fiber to a base station where the signals are up-converted to a higher subcarrier frequency for ...

The verification of LAWS beam alignment in space can be achieved by a measurement of heterodyne efficiency using the surface return. The crucial element is a direct detection signal that can be identified for each surface return. This should be satisfied ...

Instead of detecting electrical signals for diagnosing cardiac abnormalities, a promising alternative is to detect the magnetic signals generated from cardiac electrical currents. The system utilizing 64 low-transition-temperature superconducting quantum interference devices was tested to detect the time-dependent magnetocardiac ...

... Title : THE EFFICIENT ACHIEVEMENT OF RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS-A MAJOR NEW PROBLEM IN PUBLIC FINANCE,. ...

Compartmentation of signalling allows multiple stimuli to achieve diverse cellular responses with only a limited pool of second messengers. This spatial control of signalling is achieved, in part, by cellular structures which bring together elements of a particular cascade. One such structure is the caveola, a ...

This paper introduces an efficient algorithm to reconstruct heart rate signal based on an integral pulse frequency modulation (IPFM) model. The heart rate signal was reconstructed by the summation of a set of sinc functions with different weights, whose value could be determined from the IPFM process. Simulation study demonstrated that ...

A crossed field amplifier was designed to meet the performance objectives of high signal to noise ratio, an efficiency of 85%, a CW microwave power output of 5-8 kW, and a frequency of 2450 MHz. The signal to noise ratio achieved was better than 69 db/MHz in a 2000 MHz band centered on the carrier. High circuit ...

Photonic microresonators exhibit a great potential for various advanced functions for communication and signal processing applications. In this chapter, we briefly review recent advances in achieving space-, power-, and spectrally efficient chip-scale optical devices and subsystems using microresonators. With an emphasis on ...

Watermarking, traditionally used for copyright protection, is used in a new and exciting way. An efficient wavelet-based watermarking technique embeds audio information into a video signal. Several effective compression techniques are applied to compress the resulting audio/video signal in an embedded fashion. This wavelet-based ...

Anisotropic diffusion affords an efficient, adaptive signal smoothing technique that can be used for signal enhancement, signal segmentation, and signal scale-space creation. This paper introduces a novel partial differential equation (PDE)-based diffusion method for generating locally ...

____ A narrowband multiuser receiver based on successive signal detection and subtraction, is proposed. The Bit Error Rate (BER) performance for M-PSK modulated signals is evaluated and analytical approximations for the BER of the individual signals are presented and compared to the actual BER. The effect of inaccurately estimated ...

A new type of coupled-mode bulk acoustic wave transducer is described. Distributed, directional coupling is made possible by the use of an electrical delay line which slows the electrical signal into synchronism with the acoustic signal. Since the coupling is distributed, materials with low electromechanical coupling can be used to ...

A new type of coupled-mode bulk acoustic wave transducer is descirbed. Distributed, directional coupling is made possible by the use of an electrical delay line which slows the electrical signal into synchronism with the acoustic signal. Since the coupling is distributed, materials with low electromechanical coupling can be used to ...

A crossed field amplifier was designed to meet the performance objectives of high signal to noise ratio, an efficiency of 85%, a CW microwave power output of 5-8 kW, and a frequency of 2450 MHz. The signal to noise ratio achieved was better than 69 db/MHz...

To achieve high probability of detection on a single scan, noncoherent integration of video signals can be more efficient than coherent integration if frequency agility is used to decorrelate the radar return pulse-to-pulse from a slowly fluctuating targe...

This paper describes a UHF amplifier designed for satellite application that is capable of producing 100 watts with a multitone signal at an efficiency of 27 percent, and with I.M. products at least 19 dB down. Achieving satisfactory linearity and efficiency performance from a high power amplifier concurrently with ...

Nested loops are the most critical sections in many scientific and Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications. It is important to study effective and efficient transformation techniques to increase parallelism for nested loops. In this paper, we propose a novel technique, iterational retiming, that can satisfy any given timing constraint by ...

We present a geometrical representation of the process of sum frequency generation in the undepleted pump approximation, in analogy with the known optical Bloch equations. We use this analogy to propose a technique for achieving both high efficiency and large bandwidth in sum frequency conversion using the adiabatic inversion scheme. The process is ...

In ct scanners signals representing attenuation of radiation along beam paths through the patient may be processed by a convolution technique to give radiation absorption values for a matrix of elements in a region of interest. It the beams are distributed in a fan-shape from a focus the convolution can be applied but the signals need to be weighted by a ...

This paper describes a novel digital signal processing algorithm for adaptively detecting and identifying signals buried in noise. The algorithm continually computes and updates the long-term statistics and spectral characteristics of the background noise. Using this noise model, a set of adaptive thresholds and matched digital filters are implemented to ...

This paper discusses an improved technique for bandwidth-efficient and secure transmission of medical records over simulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)/IEEE 802.16 physical layer. Medical data compaction along with security has been achieved by embedding electrocardiogram ...

We present a compact efficient eye-safe intracavity optical parametric oscillator pumped by a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in a shared cavity configuration. A signal pulse of 3.3 mJ energy at a 1573 nm wavelength with a peak power of 150 kW was achieved. The effective conversion efficiency with respective to ...

We present a compact efficient eye-safe intracavity optical parametric oscillator pumpedby a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in a shared cavity configuration. A signal pulse of 3.3 mJ energy at a 1573 nm wavelength with a peak power of150 kW was achieved. The effective conversion efficiency with respective to the ...

By multiplexing two OFDM signals with the same channel space and bit rate together in an interleaved mode, a novel optical multiplexing scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Since the channel space is halved, the spectral efficiency is doubled compared with conventional OFDM. It is proved that the orthogonality between the subcarriers is ...

Monolithic integration of photodetectors, analog-to-digital converters, data storage, and digital processing can improve both the performance and the efficiency of future portable image products. However, digitizing and processing a pixel at the detection site presents the design challenge to deliver a system with the required performance at the lowest cost, not just a system ...

... signal- sequences and peptides derived from the ... the addition of synthetic signal sequence at the ... efficiency of the signal sequences in facilitating ...

Communication is essential. It is vital between cells in multi-cellular organisms, and within cells. A signaling molecule binds to a receptor protein, and initiates a cascade of dynamic events. Signaling is a multistep pathway, which allows signal amplification: if some of the molecules in a pathway transmit the ...

... for sonar signals. (g) No reliable evidence either on efficiency in watching the 'Christmas Tree' or memory for numbers. ...

In order achieve beyond 400 Gb/s serial optical transmission using commercially available equipment, in this work, we propose the use of channel capacity achieving modulation formats. We present a method to determine the optimum signal constellation for an arbitrary dispersion map. This method can be described by the following steps. ...

A method for the design of trellis codes for coherent detection of orthogonal signals in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels is presented. This method utilizes the landmark works of Ungerboeck in trellis coded modulation (TCM). After examining the channel capacity, it is shown that a coding method requiring the same bandwidth efficiency for the ...

In the present paper, the performance of cooperative relaying networks with adaptive relaying scheme selection is analyzed. Cooperative relaying is a new technique to achieve spatial diversity gain by using neighboring stations. However, when multiple stations transmit simultaneously, the number of interference signals increases. Therefore, the ...

We report laser oscillation at 481 nm when pumping a Tm3+-doped fluorozirconate fiber by two Raman-generated signals at 1117 and 1175 nm. A superior efficiency was achieved when pumping with both lines. For example, the conversion efficiency was 20% when pumping with 83 mW of 1117 nm and reached 33% when copumping ...

This paper analyzes and compares existing variety of LDV technologies. According to existing LDV's deficiencies such as limited signals processing ability, poor adaptability and low precision, a new design scheme of LDV based on digital signal processing is introduced in this article. Doppler signal processing systems processes the ...

A combination regenerative ring and backward Raman waveguide amplifier and a combination regenerative ring oscillator and backward Raman waveguide amplifier which produce Raman amplification, pulse compression, and efficient energy extraction from the CO.sub.2 laser pump signal for conversion into a Stokes radiation signal. The ring ...

We provide a thorough characterization of the low-flow electrospray as an ionization source for mass spectrometry (MS) using solutions typical for reversed-phase liquid chromatography. As expected, the electrospray operating regime strongly affects the MS signal; however, contrary to conventional wisdom, the pulsating regime consistently offers better performance than the ...

BackgroundUnderstanding how signals propagate through signaling pathways and networks is a central goal in systems biology. Quantitative dynamic models help to achieve this understanding, but are difficult to construct and validate because of the scarcity of known mechanistic details and kinetic parameters. Structural and qualitative ...

...false Water used to achieve energy efficiency. [Reserved] 433.7 Section...ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS FOR THE DESIGN...7 Water used to achieve energy efficiency....

Automatic classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is vital for clinical diagnosis of heart disease. This paper investigates the design of an efficient system for recognition of the premature ventricular contraction from the normal beats and other heart diseases. This system includes three main modules: denoising module, feature extraction module ...

Using simulated signals and measured noise with the EXPLORER and NAUTILUS detectors we find the efficiency of signal detection and the signal arrival time dispersion versus the signal-to-noise ratio.

The separation of mixed auditory signals into their sources is an eminent neuroscience and engineering challenge. We reveal the principles underlying a deterministic, neural network-like solution to this problem. This approach is orthogonal to ICA/PCA that views the signal constituents as independent realizations of random processes. We demonstrate ...

A new technique for the generation of optical reference signals with optimal properties is presented. In grating measurement systems a reference signal is needed to achieve an absolute measurement of the position. The optical signal is the autocorrelation of two codes with binary transmittance. For a long time, the ...

This work deals with improving the resolution of ultrasonic ranging systems by means of preshaping the transmitter drive signals to achieve low transient acoustic pulses. As ultrasonic transducers are operated at a relatively high nominal frequency and quality factor, feedforward strategy is among the most efficient means to generate ...

Water channels and ion channels are membrane proteins that transport water and ions into and out of cells with high selectivity and efficiency. Peter Agre and Roderick MacKinnon were awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry 2003 for their discoveries of the structure of water channels and ion channel proteins, thus explaining basal mechanisms that are fundamental to all forms of ...

A unique electronics system has been built and tested for reading signals from the silicon-strip detectors of the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope mission. The system amplifies and processes signals from 884,736 36-cm strips using only 160 W of power, and it achieves close to 100% detection efficiency with ...

We theoretically verify that the threshold of an intracavity optical parametric oscillator pumped by a passively Q-switched laser is entirely controlled by the bleach of the saturable absorber not by the signal output reflectivity. We use a series of different output couplers to optimize the output performance. With a signal output reflectivity of 15%, we ...

A new method for laser mode selection that consists of making one of the cavity mirrors with a displaced part of the reflecting surface, is validated, implemented and studied. This selective mirror is used in a TEA CO{sub 2} laser for pumping submillimeter generators. This allowed us to raise the conversion efficiency from IR to submillimeter signal by ...

A novel two-dimensional vertical cavity surface emission laser (VCSEL) based wavelength converter is proposed. We developed a twodimensional transmission line laser model (TLLM) to analyze the proposed wavelength converter. This model takes into account Bragg reflectors by using the modified connecting matrix. Therefore, accurate and efficient modeling of the VCSEL structure ...

The discrete wavelet transform was applied to denoise electropherograms in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The use of the Haar wavelet and translation invariant denoising were found to be very efficient for this purpose. An important improvement was obtained, as compared with Savitzky-Golay and Fourier, which are the most commonly used techniques for denoising in the ...

The gyrocon is a deflection-modulated RF amplifier that can achieve very high peak- and average-output power, as well as excellent direct-current-to- radio-frequency conversion efficiency. The electron dynamics of the gyrocon are analyzed with a large-signal computer code that is used to design a prototype gyrocon. This gyrocon is now ...

An open-loop spatiotemporal synchronization method is applied to flute modes in a cylindrical magnetized plasma. It is demonstrated that synchronization can be achieved only if the exciter signal rotates in the same direction as the propagating mode. Moreover, the efficiency of the synchronization is shown to depend on the radial ...

Preset, recyclable Nb point contacts are tested as low-noise Josephson mixers at a signal frequency of 115 GHz. The best result achieved is a mixer noise temperature (single sideband) of 120 K with unity conversion efficiency (SSB) for a junction at 6 K. Variation of mixer properties with temperature and other parameters is presented.

Tunable optical parametric oscillation in a beta-barium borate crystal has been achieved with a 308-nm XeCl pump laser source. Signal wavelengths between 422 and 477 nm have been generated by angle tuning at energy-conversion efficiencies of as much as approximately 10%.

We report what is to our knowledge the first demonstration of a femtosecond optical parametric oscillator based on chirped-pulse frequency conversion in a long crystal of aperiodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate. The minimum pump threshold power was 15 mW, and a signal slope efficiency of 35% was achieved. Continuous tuning from ...

Programmable processors have advantages and disadvantages when compared to their non-programmable counterparts: They have added functionality, but they typically are not as fast or efficient. The goal of the Imagine project at Stanford University is "to develop a programmable architecture that achieves the performance of special purpose hardware on ...

Experience in achieving sub-nanosecond time resolution with neutrons about 100 MeV on a scintillation detector 15 x 15 x 100 cm viewed by a single phototube is discussed. Time compensation is accomplished by tilting the scintillator axis with respect to the neutron flight path as discussed previously. The interplay between the time compensation from the geometry of light ...

Many remotely operated robotic manipulator systems are operated in rate control mode to achieve a commanded position and orientation of the end-effector. Performance of certain tasks, such as applying a torque to a screw, would be more efficient if performed in unilateral force control mode. A six axis force-torque model was developed to determine the ...

We present an analysis of atmospheric propagation effects on current and proposed imaging systems. Effects such as extinction, resolution, beam spreading, anisotropy, and heterodyne efficiency are discussed. We also discuss a new DARPA program that will use atmospheric turbulence to an advantage to achieve super-resolution imaging. This super-resolution ...

Different electro-optic crystals (CdTe, DAST, GaAs, GaP, and ZnTe) are investigated with respect to their ability as detection crystals for terahertz pulse electro-optic sampling at a wavelength of 1060 nm. Calculations of the detection response are in good qualitative agreement with experimental results. While CdTe shows the strongest signal for applications below 1 THz, GaP ...

A balanced eight-port photon-number-resolving detector is developed. The employed scheme is based on an optical-fiber time-multiplexed device with the unique total optical transmittance reaching 93% and a pair of avalanche photodiodes. The balanced operation is achieved even for imperfect unbalanced fiber splitters used in the time-multiplexed device. The complete ...

With the growing number of projects dedicated to the search for extrasolar planets via transits, there is a need to develop fast, automatic, robust methods with a statistical background in order to carry out the analysis efficiently. We propose a modified analysis of variance (AoV) test particularly suitable for the detection of planetary transits in stellar light curves. We ...

An underdamped rocked ratchet operated at very low temperatures and damping is shown: (i) to be capable of rectifying the ac input signal more efficiently than in the overdamped regime; (ii) to be insensitive to the initial conditions, at variance with noiseless, or deterministic, ratchets; and (iii) to be characterized by a wide damping "window," where ...

In this paper, coupled-wave equations are solved for large signals by means of numerical integration. A numerical method for calculating SHG and THG efficiencies of beams with Gaussian temporal profiles is given. A high-efficiency frequency tripling scheme for low and moderate power levels is presented. With a type-I ..beta..-BaB/sub ...

In mass spectrometry, the majority of processes used to convert the analyte of interest into a detectable ion signal serve unfortunately also to reduce the detectable fraction of analyte. This lack of efficiency manifests itself in all aspects of mass spectrometry, from sample introduction to analyte detection. In atomic mass spectrometry, for example, ...

Activity in populations of neurons is essential for cortical function including signaling of information and signal transport. Previous methods have made advances in recording activity from many neurons but have both technical and analytical limitations. Here we present an optical method, dithered random-access functional calcium imaging, to record somatic ...

Pichia pastoris is an important eukaryotic organism for the expression, processing, and secretion of recombinant proteins. Here, the secretion of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in P. pastoris by using three novel secretion signals originating from the HFBI and HFBII class 2 hydrophobins of Trichoderma reesei was investigated. EGFP was fused to the carboxyl terminus ...

We report an efficient nanosecond optical parametric generator (OPG) with a periodically-phase-reversed periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3(ppr-PPMgLN), which produces two pairs of signal and idler waves. The OPG is pumped by a 1.064 ?m Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser. When the repetition rate is set at 10 kHz, the maximum average total output power of 570 mW is ...

DIII-D neutral beam ion sources are operated in the emission limited arc discharge regime. Filament temperature has been observed to play an important role in the ion source operation. Effects of the filament temperature on the arc discharge efficiency (Langmuir probe signal of the arc discharge/arc power) and arc efficiency (extracted ...

We demonstrate the transmission of 108-Gb/s polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM) 16-ary amplitude- and differential phase-shift-keying (16ADPSK) signal by using a non-coherent receiver. We generate the 16ADPSK signal by using a differential 8-ary phase-shift-keying (D8PSK) modulator and a phase-distortion-free amplitude-shift-keying (ASK) modulator. On ...

Imaging spectrometers based on a fully depleted silicon substrate are sensitive over the whole device volume. Therefore, a high detection efficiency for X-rays of up to 20 keV is achieved. Our experimental method facilitates measurements of the detected signal pulse height in a pixel as a function of the photon conversion position in ...

Image capture and image display will most likely be decoupled in future 3DTV systems. Due to the need to convert abstract representations of 3D images to display driver signals, and to explicitly consider optical diffraction and propagation effects, it is expected that signal processing issues will be of fundamental importance in 3DTV systems. Since ...

Image capture and image display will most likely be decoupled in future 3DTV systems. Due to the need to convert abstract representations of 3D images to display driver signals, and to explicitly consider optical diffraction and propagation effects, it is expected that signal processing issues will be of fundamental importance in 3DTV systems. Since ...

An optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA) design that provides 40% pump-to-signal conversion efficiency and over-500-mJ signal energy at 1054 nm for front-end injection into a Nd:glass amplifier chain is presented. This OPCPA system is currently being built as the prototype front end for the OMEGA EP (extended performance) ...

The human visual system encodes the chromatic signals conveyed by the three types of retinal cone photoreceptors in an opponent fashion. This opponency is thought to reduce redundant information by decorrelating the photoreceptor signals. Correlations in the receptor signals are caused by the substantial overlap of the spectral ...

... what is the role of the Army Signal Command in the ... the warfighter and providing necessary strategic leadership to achieve information superiority. ...

Matching Pursuits" is a signal expansion technique whose efficiency for video coding has already been largely demonstrated in the MPEG-4 framework. In this paper, our attention focuses on complexity issues. First, the most expensive step of the signal expansion process is significantly speeded up by exploiting results ...

Imaging techniques have played a vital role in signal transduction research over several decades. Recently, industrialized macro- and micro-imaging systems have found application in drug discovery laboratories, where they increase the throughput and efficiency of drug screening. Macro-imagers are used for primary screening, where they favor compound ...

A scheme of the superimposing additional data signal in the time domain for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is proposed. The proposed scheme has a tradeoff between the degree of freedom for data transmission and inter-carrier interference (ICI), which provides the flexibility of data rate decision when the finite number of modulation and coding levels ...

The construction of a three-coordinate proportional chamber with a 256 x 256 mm working region and with 1.0 and 2.0 mm spacing of the signal wires is described and its characteristics are presented. A charged-particle recording efficiency of 99% was achieved with the gas mixture Ar + 20% C/sub 4/H/sub 10/ + 2% C/sub 3/H/sub 8/O/sub 2/ ...

Speech compression is the technology of converting human speech into an efficiently encoded representation that can later be decoded to produce a close approximation of the original signal. In all speech there is a degree of predictability and speech coding techniques exploit this to reduce bit rates yet still maintain a suitable level of quality. This ...

An experimental study was made of the generation of Stokes radiation in focused beams under conditions of stimulated Raman scattering (STRS) in calcite and barium nitrate crystals. A high efficiency (approx.0.8) of conversion of the pump energy into the Stokes radiation energy was achieved for the opposed STRS and it was found that this was due to ...

A WDM-compatible spectrally phase encoded-optical CDMA scheme is experimentally demonstrated. The system is based on the use of chromatic dispersion, chosen to achieve a first-order Talbot effect, to obtain a frequency-to-time mapping that allows subsequent coding/decoding of the signal spectrum by applying electro-optic phase modulation in the time ...

This paper presents a new frequency conversion architecture based on a cascaded KTiPO4 (KTP) and ZnGeP2 (ZGP) optical parametric oscillator (OPO)/optical parametric amplifier (OPA) system. Up to 0.84 W of combined signal and idler output is achieved, which is tunable across the 3.8-4.8 ?m spectral region. Incident Nd:YAG pump power is 6.3 W. To ...

The authors present the Transition Radiation Detectors (TRD), coupled with the electron trigger, which were designed and built for selecting rare decays of neutral kaons in the KTeV experiment at Fermilab. The TRD is a powerful detector for identification of electrons in off-line analysis. A pion-electron rejection factor of 300:1 can be achieved with the KTeV TRD system. The ...

AltBOC(15,10) is the baseline of COMPASS B2 signal modulation. It is a BOC-like signal having different PN codes in the lower and the upper main split lobes, which allow one signal service per lobe. The two lobes can be received and processed separately like two BPSK(10) signals, or coherently processed to ...

Many proteins require bound metals to achieve their function. We take advantage of increasing structural data on metal-binding proteins to elucidate three properties: the involvement of metal-binding sites in the global dynamics of the protein, predicted by elastic network models, their exposure/burial to solvent, and their signal-processing properties ...

We introduce a method for conducting a targeted, coherent search for compact binary coalescences. The search is tailored to be used as a follow-up to electromagnetic transients such as gamma-ray bursts. We derive the coherent search statistic for Gaussian detector noise and discuss the benefits of a coherent, multidetector search over coincidence methods. To mitigate the effects of nonstationary ...

We present a straightforward method to design multilevel phase-only diffractive optical elements with a locally improved signal-to-noise ratio in the reconstruction. The method is generally applicable to all unidirectional design schemes, such as direct search, simulated annealing, or genetic optimization. As the shape and the location of the desired low noise areas are ...

We propose an efficient scheme for the robust and controlled generation of beating signals in a sample of stationary atoms driven into the tripod configuration. This scheme relies on an asymmetric procedure of light storage and retrieval where the two classical coupling fields have equal detunings in the storage stage but opposite detunings in the ...

The structure of a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) microwave liquid level radar system was introduced and the FMCW radar ranging principle was discussed. A fast frequency estimation algorithm (FFEA) based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique, which can achieve high ranging accuracy and better computational efficiency, was proposed to obtain ...

A new adaptive thresholding mechanism to determine the significant wavelet coefficients of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is proposed. It is based on estimating thresholds for different sub-bands using the concept of energy packing efficiency (EPE). Then thresholds are optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to ...

The Notch signaling pathway plays important roles in cell-fate determination during embryonic development and adult life. In this study, we focus on the role of Notch signaling in governing cell-fate choices in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we achieved both blockade and conditional ...

SummaryThe Notch signaling pathway plays important roles in cell fate determination during embryonic development and adult life. In this study, we focus on the role of Notch signaling in governing cell fate choices in human embryonic stem (hES) cells. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we achieved both blockade and ...

This thesis describes an integrated assault upon the problem of designing high-throughput, low-cost digital signal-processing systems. The dual prongs of this assault consist of: (1) the design of a digital signal processor (DSP) which efficiently executes signal-processing algorithms in either a uniprocessor or ...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a method for noninvasive estimation of cerebral hemodynamic changes. Principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) can be used for decomposing a set of signals to underlying components. Our objective is to determine whether PCA or ICA is more efficient in identifying and removing scalp ...

... time versions of the in-phase and quadrature components of the beamformed signal. ... 4 tics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. ...

Thermistor mount efficiency calibration is accomplished by use of the power equation concept and by complex signal-ratio measurements. A comparison of thermistor mounts at microwave frequencies is made by mixing the reference and the reflected signals to ...

... Title : Power-Aperture Product, Efficiency, Signal to Noise Ratio and Search Function Time of Weighted Phased Arrays. ...

... research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) efforts on a wide range of topics. ... Title : Efficient Reconstruction of Block-Sparse Signals. ...

... Title : Conversion Efficiency and Noise in Erbium ... PROFILES, PUMPING, PUMPS, RATIOS, SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO, SIGNALS, WAVEGUIDES ...

... in financial savings achieved through increased efficiency are described ... Key leadership practices instrumental to successfully achieving reinvention ...

The components that contribute to the signal of a hadron calorimeter and the factors that affect its performance are discussed, concentrating on two aspects: energy resolution and signal linearity. Both are decisively dependent on the relative response to the electromagnetic and the nonelectromagnetic shower components, the e/h signal ...

The components that contribute to the signal of a hadron calorimeter and the factors that affect its performance are discussed, concentrating on energy resolution and signal linearity. Both are decisively dependent on the relative response to the electromagnetic and the nonelectromagnetic shower components, the e/h signal ratio, which ...

... This project has led to the discovery of practical low-complexity charge-recovery circuits which achieve high energy efficiency and achieve clock ...

Early warning systems based on standoff detection of biological aerosols require real-time signal processing of a large quantity of high-dimensional data, challenging the systems efficiency in terms of both computational complexity and classification accuracy. Hence, optimal feature selection is essential in forming a stable and ...

This project continued the development of high efficiency silicon concentrator solar cells with the goal of achieving a 24% efficient ''module ready'' cell. This target was comfortably achieved with efficiencies as high as 25.2% at 125 suns concentration ...

Here, we present the results of extensive SIMION 7.0 modelling of a new linear octopole ion trap. The octopole was designed to increase the efficiency of an electrospray ion source coupled to a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. This improvement was achieved by applying a pulsed axial field to the octopole to eject the ion ...

In this paper a Maximum Power point (MPP) tracking algorithm is developed using dual-axis servomotor feedback tracking control system. An efficient and accurate servomotor system is used to increase the system efficiency and reduces the solar cell system coast. The proposed automatic servo control system based on PIC microcontroller which is used to ...

The inhibition of protein-protein interactions and their ensuing signaling processes play an increasingly important role in modern medicine. Small molecular-weight inhibitors that can be administered orally are the preferred approach but efficient strategies for developing them are not yet generally available. Due to the large size difference between the ...

This paper presents a method for extracting two key metrical properties, the beat and the tatum, from acoustic signals of popular music. The method is computationally very efficient while performing comparably to earlier methods. High efficiency is achieved through multirate accent analysis, discrete cosine ...

Shannon's capacity bound shows that coding can achieve large reductions in the required signal to noise ratio per information bit (E sub b/N sub 0 where E sub b is the energy per bit and (N sub 0)/2 is the double sided noise density) in comparison to uncoded schemes. For bandwidth efficiencies of 2 bit/sym or greater, these ...

A detailed small-signal analysis of cross-gain modulation is performed for closely spaced energy state quantum dash (QDsh) semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The analysis takes into account the carrier transition in all electron and hole states, the gain dispersion of the active layer, the effect of the energy detuning between the probe and pump ...

Imaging methods applied to Eddy Current (EC) testing should allow, in the near future, the computational 3D reconstruction of the conductivity at every point of the inspected media. Thus, in the context of steam generator tube testing, a direct image of the defects will be provided. However, the in situ implementation of imaging methods requires both a specific probe and an ...

Methane gas hydrate was synthesized in three uniform mixtures of Ottawa sand and distilled water using the Gas Hydrate And Sediment Test Laboratory Instrument (GHASTLI) to examine hydrate formation behavior and its effects on compressional wave transmission in partially saturated granular material. The porosities were 38, 39, and 37% with 16, 31, and 58% respectively of the pore space in each ...

Sensitivity encoding (SENSE) with a receiver coil array is typically used as a means of reducing the scan time in MRI. The speed benefit usually comes at some expense in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency, which has been notorious as the main downside of SENSE and parallel MRI in general. In this work it is shown that in steady-state ...

Highly efficient photon detectors play a major role in countless applications in physics, nuclear engineering, and medical physics. In nuclear engineering, radioactive waste can be characterized with techniques such as the nondestructive assay technique (PNDA). In medical physics, photon detectors are extensively used for diagnostic X-ray and computerized tomography (CT) ...

In this work, we introduce a nonlinear geometric transform, called peak transform (PT), for efficient image representation and coding. The proposed PT is able to convert high-frequency signals into low-frequency ones, making them much easier to be compressed. Coupled with wavelet transform and subband decomposition, the PT is able to significantly reduce ...

We report on the performance of a monolithic 6+1X1 fiber pump signal multiplexer for use in fiber amplifiers. The key component of this coupler design is an etched taper that transforms the low-numerical aperture large diameter pump radiation into a high numerical aperture small diamter format for injection into the pump cladding of an air-clad fiber while maintaining a ...

A parametric sonar for use in a liquid medium includes a first signal generator which transmits a first acoustic signal and a second signal generator transmitting a second acoustic signal which interact to produce a difference frequency signal at an inter...

Generation of millimeter-wave electronic signals and power is required for high-frequency communication links, RADAR, remote sensing and other applications. However, in the 30 to 300 GHz mm-wave regime, signal sources are bulky and inefficient. All-optical generation of mm-wave signals promises to improve ...

Generation of millimeter-wave electronic signals and power is required for highfrequency communication links, RADAR, remote sensing and other applications. However, in the 30 to 300 GHz mm-wave regime, signal sources are bulky and inefficient. All-optical generation of mm-wave signals promises to improve efficiency ...

CARS is well suited spectroscopy method for imaging specific molecules, e.g., proteins and live cells, diagnosis of cancerous cells, imaging dueterated compounds, etc. CARS imaging techniques avoid problems associated with photo bleaching and photo induced toxicity. The CARS signal is accompanied by a strong non resonant background which may overshadow the weak ...

Compression of electrocardiography (ECG) is necessary for efficient storage and transmission of the digitized ECG signals. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has recently emerged as a powerful technique for ECG signal compression due to its multi-resolution signal decomposition and locality properties. This paper ...

We consider a two-way relay network, where two source nodes, S1 and S2, exchange information through a cluster of relay nodes. The relay nodes receive the sum signal from S1 and S2 in the first time slot. In the second time slot, each relay node multiplies its received signal by a complex coefficient and retransmits the signal to the ...

This invention relates to compositions and methods for achieving the efficient aziridination of organic molecules, especially olefins. More specifically, the invention is directed to a mild, selective, and efficient aziridination protocol that involves ca...

The magnicon, a new high-power, radio frequency (rf) deflection- modulated amplifier, was recently developed at the Institute for Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia. The first magnicon achieved a peak output power of 2.6 MW for 50-{mu}s pulses at a frequency of 915 MHz with a dc-to-rf conversion efficiency of 73%. The conversion ...

... bottleneck. The pulse ordered data is then Doppler processed by numerous processors and returned to the DRAM. JDL ...

... Descriptors : *AMPLIFIERS, *PATENTS, ANALOGS, DISTORTION, EFFICIENCY, HARMONICS, HIGH POWER, INVENTIONS, SIGNALS, SQUARE ...

... ACETYLENE, *HELIUM, FLUORESCENCE, SIGNAL TO ... ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND SPECTROSCOPY. ...

This paper introduces a new type of ultrasonic dental descaler measuring system based on ARM embedded technology. This system takes LPC2132 chip of PHILIPS as its main processor and integrates it with temperature, pressure, frequency, swing analog circuits, and the step motor driving module. It transplants the microC/OS-II embedded real-time control system on the hardware flat to ...

Digital transmission, bandwidth compression, signal regeneration on board communication satellites, and TDMA are some of the techniques being used to improve transmission efficiency. The replacement of large numbers of small single-function satellites by a few multiple-function ones is envisioned as a means of reducing transmission congestion and allowing ...

We have achieved efficient electro-optic phase modulation at high frequencies in a resonant modulator cavity. We enhance modulation by matching the phase velocities of the optical and microwave fields in the modulator substrate and by placing the modulator inside an optical cavity that is resonant for the input optical beam and the generated sidebands. An ...

A switched-mode laser power supply (SMPS) for driving He-Ne lasers is presented. It uses an integrated SMPS control circuit to drive a flyback converter running in discontinuous current mode. The IC controls the SMPS power throughput and regulation by pulse-width modulation (PWM) of a fixed frequency drive signal for a bipolar power switching transistor. PWM control is ...

The main subsystems of the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker were assembled together in a dedicated large clean room at CERN prior to their installation in the CMS collision hall. Following the integration of the Tracker a long commissioning period took place, during which up to 15% of the silicon modules were operated and read out simultaneously at different temperatures. Some of the ...

Accurate development of the gynoecium, the female reproductive organ, is necessary to achieve efficient fertilization. In Arabidopsis, the correct patterning of the apical-basal axis of the gynoecium requires the establishment of a morphogenic gradient of auxin. This allows the production of specialized tissues, whose roles consist of attracting pollen, ...

Shining a light on click chemistry: The use of UV-radiation as trigger signal provides a facile means to obtain spatial and temporal control over polymer conjugation reactions in addition to providing a further means of achieving orthogonality in click transformations. In the current contribution, UV-radiation was employed to induce a highly ...

We study the nonlinear optical response of a five-level atomic system in the regimes of electromagnetically induced transparency and coherent Raman gain, corresponding to two different schemes of light-atom interaction. Our analytical and numerical results show that greatly enhanced Kerr nonlinearity and efficient cross phase modulation may be achieved ...

In this paper, the frequency conversion of quantum states based on the intracavity nonlinear interaction is proposed. The fidelity of an input state after frequency conversion is calculated, and it is shown the noise-free frequency conversion of a quantum state can be achieved by injecting a strong signal field. The dependences of conversion ...

A large body of evidence now demonstrates that angiostatic therapy represents a promising way to fight cancer. This research recently resulted in the approval of First angiostatic agent for clinical treatment of cancer. Progress has been achieved in decrypting the cellular signaling in endothelial cells induced by angiostatic agents. These agents ...

The results are given of an experimental investigation of the gain of active media utilizing transitions from the resonance level to metastable levels in copper atoms in a master-oscillator--amplifier laser system. The dependences of the gain on the input-signal power density and on the time separation between the master-oscillator and amplifier pumping pulses were determined, ...

A multiple graphene layer (MGL) structure with a stack of GLs and a highly conducting bottom GL on SiC substrate pumped by optical radiation is considered as an active region of terahertz and far infrared lasers with external metal mirrors. The dynamic conductivity of the MGL structure is calculated as a function of the signal frequency, the number of GLs, and the optical ...

The possibility of early forest fire detection within a range up to ~2 km using a portable eye-safe 1540 nm lidar is demonstrated in this paper, both on experimental and theoretical ground. An estimation of the detection efficiency using a mathematical model based on the 3D system of Navier-Stokes equations describing the smoke plume evolution in the presence of wind, agrees ...

A novel type of the frequency-tunable oscillator based on simultaneous generation of the forward and opposite waves at the same frequency, but at different cyclotron harmonics, is proposed. A spatially periodic helical electron beam allows for strong coupling of the waves. The opposite wave provides the broadband feedback and electron bunching, whereas the forward wave amplifies the arising ...

A novel ultrasonic waveguide transducer (UWT) has been developed for under-sodium inspection of sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). Its performance was evaluated and compared with other four types of waveguide designs. The signal transmission efficiency and detection sensitivity has been greatly improved. The preliminary results in molten sodium demonstrate ...

Mass spectroscopy has the distinct advantage of detecting atoms rather than radioactive decay products for nuclides of low specific activity. Electrothermal vaporization (ETV) is an efficient means of introducing small volumes of prepared samples into an inductively coupled mass spectrometer to achieve the lowest absolute detection limits. The operational ...

Design of modern communication systems is increasingly inefficient using current design methodologies. Significant increases in efficiency, reduction of time to market and improvement in quality can be achieved by adopting a consistent design methodology. Such a design process, based on a single system description resident in a database and integrating all ...

The use of a low finesse enhancement cavity resonant with a low average power (<1 W) and a high repetition rate (78 MHz) pump source is shown to achieve 55% conversion efficiency into signal and idler from the coupled pump in an optical parametric process, whereas an equivalent amount of pump power in a single-pass configuration ...

A communication system is disclosed which uses an electromagnetic energy reflector or mirror kept in outer space by electromagnetic radiation pressure. Using this system line-of-sight electromagnetic wave transmission could be provide to areas lacking line-of-sight broadcasting or ground relay stations without the use of earth orbiting satellites or long cables. In addition, the transmission ...

We describe a measurement-based state preparation scheme for the efficient build-up of cluster states in atom-cavity systems. As in a recent proposal for the generation of maximally entangled atom pairs [Metz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 040503 (2006)], we use an electron shelving technique to avoid the necessity for the detection of single photons. Instead, the successful ...

The potential benefit of post-development intensification of electrographic film negatives using the technique of Thiourea-S35 autoradiography is investigated using microphotometric scans of uv laboratory spectra. It is shown that the technique improves the effective signal-to-noise ratio on weakly exposed regions of emulsion by increasing image density to the point where ...

We report on what is believed to be the first large-aperture and high-energy optical parametric chirped pulse amplification system. The system, based on a three-stage amplifier, shows 25% pump-to-signal conversion efficiency and amplification of the full 70 nm width of the seed spectrum. Pulse compression to 84 fs achieved after ...

The Wallops Flight Facility is an operational element and component ...... achieve improved aerodynamic efficiency in the F-111 and demonstration of the ...