BackgroundEffective case management is central to reducing malaria mortality and morbidity worldwide, but only a minority of those affected by malaria, have access to prompt effective treatment.In Kenya, the Division of Malaria Control is committed to ensuring that 80 percent of childhood fevers are treated with effective anti-malarial medicines within 24 hours of fever onset, but this ...

Each year on the 25th April Africa and the rest of the world commemorate Africa Malaria Day as was agreed upon at the African Summit on Roll Back Malaria held in Abuja, Nigeria on 25th April 2000. The summit also called upon the United Nations to declare the period 2001-2010 a decade for malaria. The 1st Africa Malaria Day was commemorated with the theme "Communities Play a ...

BackgroundThe cost-effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in reducing morbidity and mortality is well established. International focus has now moved on to how best to scale up coverage and what financing mechanisms might be used to achieve this. The approach in Tanzania has been to deliver a targeted subsidy for those most vulnerable to the ...

BackgroundThe Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method has been fruitfully used in many countries in Asia, Europe and North America to shed light on the efficiency of health facilities and programmes. There is, however, a dearth of such studies in countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Since hospitals and health centres are important instruments in the efforts to scale up pro-poor cost-effective ...

IntroductionImplementing Intermittent Preventive Treatment for malaria in Pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) through antenatal care (ANC) clinics is recommended for malaria endemic countries. Vast biomedical literature on malaria prevention focuses more on the epidemiological and cost-effectiveness analyses of the randomised controlled trials carried out in selected geographical ...

IntroductionEquity and universal coverage currently dominate policy debates worldwide. Health financing approaches are central to universal coverage. The way funds are collected, pooled, and used to purchase or provide services should be carefully considered to ensure that population needs are addressed under a universal health system. The aim of this paper is to assess the extent to which the ...

Malaria is a major public health problem for countries in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). While the endemicity of malaria varies enormously across this region, many of the countries have districts that are prone to periodic epidemics, which can be regional in their extent, and to resurgent outbreaks that are much more localized. These epidemics are frequently triggered by climate ...

... the Abuja Agreement, which he ... which they operated escalated fears of ... GOVERNMENT(FOREIGN), *AGREEMENTS, *LIBERIA, *PEACEKEEPING ...

BackgroundThe Abuja target of increasing the proportion of people sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) to 60% by the year 2005, as one of the measures for malaria control in Africa, has generated an influx of resources for malaria control in several countries in the region. A national household survey conducted in 2005 by the Malaria Control ...

In Tanzania malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in children under 5 years. The disease ranks number one in both outpatient and inpatient statistics. The socio-economic impact of malaria is so high that it contributes highly to poverty and underdevelopment. Efforts made during the past century to combat and control malaria have not been successful. The prospects of ...

Experiences and lessons learned with alternative fertilizer promotion efforts � What are the various objectives to be achieved; what trade-offs do they present? � Description of alternative policies and programmatic options � general models, not specific country cases except as illustrations of the general models we are considering � Return to the actors at the various ...

Each year on the 25th April Africa and the rest of the world commemorate Africa Malaria Day as was agreed upon at the African Summit on Roll Back Malaria held in Abuja, Nigeria on 25th April 2000. The summit also called upon the United Nations to declare the period 2001�2010 a decade for malaria. The 1^st Africa Malaria Day was commemorated with the ...

BackgroundEnsuring that the poor and vulnerable population benefit from malaria control interventions remains a challenge for malaria endemic countries. Until recently, ownership and use of insecticides treated nets (ITNs) in most countries was low and inequitable, although coverage has increased in countries where free ITN distribution is integrated into mass vaccination campaigns. In Kenya, free ...

IntroductionMalaria is the largest cause of health services attendance, hospital admissions and child deaths in Tanzania. At the Abuja Summit in April 2000 Tanzania committed itself to protect 60% of its population at high risk of malaria by 2005. The country is, therefore, determined to ensure that sustainable malaria control using insecticide-treated nets is carried out on a ...

This textual analyses on Social marketing, Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) and Population Services International (PSI) were undertaken to achieve two objectives: (a) to contribute to the continuing debate and search for a better strategy for combating malaria in sub-Saharan Africa; and (b) to contribute to theory building on social marketing. The analyses revealed that Malaria ...

With its 2006-2011 National Malaria Strategic Plan, Zambia committed to control malaria at a national scale. This scale-up for impact approach was facilitated by sound business planning and financing in 2006 of approximately US$35 million. Compared with surveys in 2001 and 2004, a 2006 national survey of 14,681 persons in 2,999 households at the end of the transmission season showed substantial ...

One third of the world's malaria deaths occur in Nigeria. It is doubtful whether Nigeria will meet the malaria control target of the Millennium Development Goals by 2015, having failed to meet the Abuja target to halve the burden of malaria by 2010. This paper assesses the current malaria burden and progress toward malaria control. ...

The UK Working Group on Fuel Consumption Targets was created in 1978 to investigate the feasibility of setting progressive targets for raising the average mpg achieved by new cars and methods of achieving these targets and to report to the Automotive Ener...

... This is usually achieved by genetic manipulation of the target gene using procedures such as gene disruption, antisense or ribozyme technologies. ...

... This is usually achieved by genetic manipulation of the target gene using procedures such as gene disruption, antisense or ribozyme technologies. ...

... This is usually achieved by genetic manipulation of the target gene using procedures such as gene disruption, antisense or ribozyme technologies. ...

This report summarizes the work to date on cylindrical laser targets and describes the requirements, methods of preparation, and the results achieved on the initial prototypes.

... for a statewide farmland preservation program and the funding level required to achieve this target. In estimating ... ...

... 12 Donald Rothchild, �Assessing Africa's Two-Phrase Peace Implementation Process: Power Sharing and Democratization,� unpublished paper, nd ...

... and Mano ethnic elements into the National Patriotic ... the formation of a broad-based Interim Government ... of NSIA, held at CDS, Abuja, Nigeria, 9-12 ...

... One of these projects entailed building a small ex- tension to a maternity clinic run by the catholic church on the outskirts of Abuja. ...

capable of reliably tracking the target designated by the scientist from ten or ... With reliable target tracking, a rover will be able to achieve single-sol instrument ...

... 23 Mann, 23. 14 Page 20. THE PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF JOINT TARGETING ... overall targeting process by recycling or readdressing ...

... on the patrol, we achieved success by tracking targets in world coordinates (by decoupling the contact detection and target tracking problems) and ...

The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) met with West African Commonwealth countries to furnish participants with information about the reasons for establishment of COL, its objectives, functions, and structure. Participants for the meeting came from The Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria. Opening sessions focused on COL and distance education as the main vehicle for achieving COL's ...

BackgroundIn April 2000, the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) "Abuja Summit" set a target of having at least 60% of pregnant women and children under five use insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Thereafter, programmes were implemented to create demand, reduce taxes and tariffs, spur the commercial market, and reach vulnerable populations with subsidized ITNs. Using ...

This exploration grant was to test if it is possible to achieve efficient homologous recombination and gene targeting in immortalized but otherwise normal human breast epithelial cells. Although gene targeting has been achieved in somatic human cells usin...

The UN Economic Commission for Africa organized a conference in Abuja, Nigeria, last November to review the "Role of Women in Africa in the 1990s" as a follow-up of the "Arusha Strategies" of 1984. Among topics examined were harmful traditional practices, such as early marriage and pregnancy, female circumcision, nutritional taboos, inadequate child spacing and unprotected ...

A target factory diagram has been constructed for an analysis of the shell coating process system in relation to target production. The number of deposition units needed to achieve the coating requirements will be a major target production operating cost.

A color moving target simulation apparatus combines an enlarged color aerial photograph with a miniature moving target to achieve an accurate simulation of a real world observation from an altitude above the moving target. The color photograph is mounted ...

A critical appraisal has been presented of the CHOP for a large-scale energy infrastructure development project that was implemented in two of the world's poorest countries. The project is under close scrutiny from various independent monitoring groups, civil society organizations, and human rights groups. Reviewing the achievements and shortcomings permits the extraction of ...

The UK Working Group on Fuel Consumption Targets was created in 1978 to investigate the feasibility of setting progressive targets for raising the average mpg achieved by new cars and methods of achieving these targets and to report to the Automotive Energy Consultative Group. The standards ...

An improved method and assembly for attaching sputtering targets to cathode assemblies of sputtering systems which includes a magnetically permeable material. The magnetically permeable material is imbedded in a target base that is brazed, welded, or soldered to the sputter target, or is mechanically retained in the ...

for automatic target recognition (ATR) applications ... achieving a robust, real- time ATR system in a small ... targets of interest; IR (8 to 9 pm) is suitable for cold- ...

... Abstract : Improved television blooming control in a silicon-diode-array vidicon target has been achieved using a mesa diode structure with deep ...

... number of contracts to achieve marketing objectives, (B ... capacity would still be limited below target by ... either missing production output targets or of ...

... Title : Detection and Sub-Pixel Location of Photogrammetric Targets in Digital Images,. ... Accuracies achieved have reached to within 0.03-0.05 pixel. ...

Information about the campaign including objectives, target audiences and campaign history Increasing vaccination rates of adolescents can help us achieve the target goal...

Small munition effectiveness is a function of miss distance from the target and ability to achieve a steep flight path angle at the target. Many small guided munitions have limited control authority to achieve these competing objectives due to system hard...

In response to the Kyoto Protocol for preventing global warming, signed in February 2005, the Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan was developed in March 2006. In this plan, CO2 emission reduction targets to be achieved in FY 2010 was set in each sector...

Improving profitability. 4. Improving efficiency. 5. Eliminating bottlenecks ... support achieving the strategic vision of the company. ...

... If the condition is satisfied, various trajectories to the ship are possible. In particular, there is a unique CTR trajectory to the ship with an achievable ...

England's Department for Education and Skills (DfES) plans to require schools to set targets for students at their school to attain level 5+ in each of English and mathematics in the tests in 2003 and beyond. These targets will be in addition to those already set for achievement at level 4+. There are new national ...

Develops an approach for setting performance targets for schoolchildren, using data-envelopment analysis to identify benchmark pupils who achieve the best observed performance (allowing for contextual factors). These pupils' achievement forms the basis of targets estimated. The procedure also identifies appropriate ...

Vaccine safety is increasingly a major aspect of immunization programmes. Parents are becoming more aware of safety issues relating to vaccines their babies might receive. As a consequence, public health initiatives have had to take note of pressures brought to bear by individual parents and groups. Now we document a new phase in vaccine safety where it has been used to ...

A polarized internal target apparatus with a polarized gas target of improved polarization and density achieved by mixing target gas atoms with a small amount of alkali metal gas atoms, and passing a high intensity polarized light source into the mixture to cause the alkali metal gas atoms to become polarized which ...

The Office of Inspections provides the Secretary of State, the Chairman of the BBG, and Congress with systematic and independent evaluations of the operations of the Department and the BBG. Inspections cover three broad areas, consistent with Section 209 ...

This volume of the proceedings of The Symposium On The Application Of Nuclear Technology For Socio-Economic Development Of Nigeria (ANTSED) held at Sheraton Hotel And Towers, Abuja from 17-19 November 1992, contains the full texts of about 13 technical pa...

In this thesis, the author shows that ECOWAS and the international community, in a bid to secure an end to Liberia's intractable civil war, acceded to a power-sharing arrangement among the warlords. This arrangement, which granted the warlords political l...

At the Abuja Summit on Roll Back Malaria, African Heads of State recognized that taxes and tariffs imposed on ITNs posed a barrier to their usage. They committed to reduce or waive taxes and tariffs for mosquito nets and materials, insecticides and other ...

The targets used in the campaign to achieve fusion ignition at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the world's largest laser, will be some of the most complex and precise ever built. Key to the success of the campaign is repeatable performance of the targets as components of each experiment. We have developed a ...

Spin-polarization reversal by the use of the adiabatic fast passage mechanism has been investigated in a variety of polarized target materials. The high efficiencies achieved open the way to the application of the AFP method in operational polarized solid targets.

Throughout history, targeting in military operations has been a critical function in achieving victory on the battlefield. The process of identifying, prioritizing, and attacking targets in accordance with the commander's intent becomes even more critical...

A hot topic in aerospace discussions today is targeting -- what, where, how, and when to do it to achieve the desired effects. This article argues that today the dominant mechanism and measurement for targeting is industrial-age utility and that in the fu...

The influence of target geometry on maximum concentration has been theoretically studied by Cobble (1961) for the case of circular cylinders, flat plates and parabolic targets. It appears that the parabolic shape is the optimum target when used with a parabolic mirror. The circular pipe, on the other hand, gives a concentration that is ...

The Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory (HIFS-VNL) has completed the fabrication of a new experimental target chamber facility for future Warm Dense Matter (WDM) experiments, and implemented initial target diagnostics to be used for the first target experiments in NDCX-1. The target chamber has ...

Nanomaterials for targeted delivery are uniquely capable of localizing delivery of therapeutics and diagnostics to diseased tissues. The ability to achieve high, local concentrations of drugs or image contrast agents at a target site provides the opportunity for improved system performance and patient outcomes along with reduced ...

A new cryogenic target production system for a 4? EM Calorimeter, FOREST, has been installed in the GeV-? experimental hall at the Laboratory of Nuclear Science. The temperature is achieved at 4.5 K in the target cell. It can maintain a solid or liquid H2/D2 target. The target system enables us ...

In experiments using the TRIUMF solid hydrogen target systems, knowledge of target thickness and uniformity is often essential in order to extract physical parameters from the data. We have characterized the thickness and uniformity of frozen targets using the energy loss of alpha particles. An accuracy of about 5% was ...

Uniform ion implantation and deposition onto cylindrical surfaces is achieved by placing a cylindrical electrode in coaxial and conformal relation to the target surface. For implantation and deposition of an inner bore surface the electrode is placed inside the target. For implantation and deposition on an outer cylindrical surface the ...

An improved method and assembly for attaching sputtering targets to cathode assemblies of sputtering systems which includes a magnetically permeable material is described. The magnetically permeable material is imbedded in a target base that is brazed, welded, or soldered to the sputter target, or is mechanically retained in the ...

Higher energy prices and the growing concern about global warming have led to a number of policy goals and targets designed to curb global warming and/or the development of alternative sources of energy. However, the Tinbergen Rule states that for each and every policy target there must be at least one policy tool. If there are fewer tools than ...

In order to meet the accuracy requirement of a target recognition system, a target recognition algorithm based on support vector machine is proposed in this paper. In the algorithm, firstly, a fast image multi-threshold segmentation method is accomplished by using a novel searching path of particle swarm optimization to separate the ...

High-gain shock ignition is numerically investigated for specific marginally igniting targets�targets producing thermonuclear gain less than one�extracted from two distinct target families. Homothetic transformations keeping constant the implosion velocity, the adiabat, and the in-flight aspect ratio are used to draw target ...

This project continued the development of high efficiency silicon concentrator solar cells with the goal of achieving a 24% efficient ''module ready'' cell. This target was comfortably achieved with efficiencies as high as 25.2% at 125 suns concentration ...

This project continued the developments of high-efficiency silicon concentrator solar cells with the goal of achieving a cell efficiency in the 26 to 27 percent range at a concentration level of 150 suns of greater. The target efficiency was achieved with...

A method was developed for making high-purity carbon-14 films by radio-frequency cracking of carbon-14 labelled acetylene. The method requires only small volumes of acetylene and achieves isotopic purity of over 95% in the targets produced. The process ha...

The work reported covers the fifth and final year of the program of Targeted Basic Studies of Ferroelectric and Ferroelastic Materials for Piezoelectric Transducer Applications. Major achievements include the development of a physical approach to understa...

This program on Targeted Basic Studies of Ferroelectric and Ferroelastic Crystals for Piezoelectric Transducer Applications is now in the fourth year of operation. Achievement over the past year have included: (1) The development of a correct phenomenolog...

Accurate placement of hundreds of focused laser beams on target is necessary to achieve success in the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The current system requirement is (le)7 (mu)rad error in output pointing and (le)1 mm error in focusing. To accommodat...

... 16. PRICE CODE 17. ... Then, the target reconstruction is achieved via the following mapping: ( ) ( )u n ktS yxf , , = , (2) ... k ct r k θ � � = = � 4) ...

sales in US, with national trade in RECs (i.e., target can be achieved in least cost fashion on a national basis). Target applies to "all sales" in the lower 48 or in all 50...

seem achievable. Target Ecological footprint: reduce our ecological footprint to reduce the impact Australia's ecological footprint is 7 Global ha/capita compared with 7.7 Gha/cap for Australia. However of the ecological footprint. Target Renewable energy: increasing the use of renewable electricity so

Separation of small quantities of selenium and tellurium was achieved with a strong ASD-2 anionite. The separation of carrier-free Te from a CsCl target was accomplished and a radiochemically pure fraction was obtained. (R.V.J.)

... focusing energetic electrons onto (in this case) a titanium target. However, to achieve useful dose rates, much ... that allows coolant to be flushed through the titanium target. The electron gun uses a h...

It is often assumed that organizations set manpower targets first and then hand them down to the personnel function to achieve the required manpower numbers and mix. It appears that, in practice, the personnel function can provide information on manpower ...

The United States government has targeted aggressive development of bioethanol as one route for decreasing oil dependence and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Achieving future production targets depends on expanding feedstock sources beyond corn and towards lignocellulose. This is expected to in...

A cryostat to support the fielding of a cryogenic target within the NIF is described. The present design is predicated upon fuel layer symmetry being achieved with the (beta) layering process and modifications needed for other fuel symmetrization processe...

In England quantified targets for the reuse of brownfields and of existing buildings place particular requirements on the planning system as part of the overall strategy to make effective use of natural resources. Achieving these targets is not free of obstacles and potential conflicts. Therefore monitoring of policy implementation is ...

The United States Government has targeted aggressive development of bioethanol as one route for decreasing oil dependence and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Achieving future production targets depends on expanding feedstock sources beyond corn and towards lignocellulose. This is expected to in...

A ''startup'' plasma at the center of the Baseball II-T magnet was studied. This startup plasma will be used as a target for high energy neutral beams to achieve the required build-up. The target plasma will be created by irradiating a solid pellet with a...

The brightness of the antiproton source increases as the proton beam spot size on the target is reduced. The RMS beam spot size may be reduced to below (sigma)(sub b) = 0.1 mm, before competing sources of emittance limit the achievable yield. At the same ...

A set of spherical target experiments was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of three techniques for achieving higher convergence implosions. They are (1) cryogenically frozen fuel layers, (2) submicron wavelength laser light, and (3) temporally tailo...

The targets used in the campaign to achieve fusion ignition at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the worlds largest laser, will be some of the most complex and precise ever built. Key to the success of the campaign is repeatable performance of the tar...

The United States Government has targeted aggressive development of ethanol as one route for decreasing oil dependence and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Achieving future production targets depends on expanding feedstock sources beyond corn and towards lignocellulose. This is expected to inclu...

Commercial ion implanters employ a variety of different systems to scan the ion beam over the target. In many of the target scanning systems employed the achievable uniformity of dose has been limited by the chosen geometry. This paper describes a compute...

Isentropic compression of laser fusion targets requires highly uniform illumination over the entire target surface, and near normal incidence. For a two beam laser, this is best achieved using a fast catadioptric system. In designing such a system, the to...

that renal targeting of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril was successfully achieved using LZM (7). It was shown that intravenous injection of captopril- LZM increased the renal captopril levels and inhibited renal ACE activity specifically in comparison to non-targeted captopril

An autonomous mobile robot with a vision based target acquisition system must be able to find and maintain fixation on a moving target while the system itself is in motion. This capability is achieved by most animate systems, in addition to man, but has p...

...targets. The plan must specify� (i) Performance targets that the State has adopted for all children in reading and mathematics achievement, high school graduation, and the number of school dropouts, as well as the State's performance...

...targets. The plan must specify� (i) Performance targets that the State has adopted for all children in reading and mathematics achievement, high school graduation, and the number of school dropouts, as well as the State's performance...

...in each of the PHAS indicators or subindicators identified...deficiency; (2) Performance targets for such periods...higher score within an indicator or subindicator that...PHA in achieving the performance targets within...

...fails to achieve the non-8(a) business activity targets. These include requiring the Participant to obtain management assistance, technical assistance...relating to management assistance, business development, financing,...

In urban sensing and through-the-wall radar, the existence of targets in proximity to walls or buildings results in multipath returns. In this paper, we exploit the multipath from the walls to achieve target localization with a single sensor. We deal with sparse scenes of single targets. A time-of-arrival wall ...

This article describes the prototype target and the requirements for the target mechanism needed to provide a beam of muons to the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) from the ISIS accelerator at RAL. The mechanism has achieved the required 85g acceleration to be able to insert the target into the ISIS beam ...

... camber the optimum wing to achieve the target flexible roll rate. One of the main elements of the flexible wing concept is that rolling moment control ...

... that if used correctly can help achieve the goal of isolating the insurgents from the local population: open source intelligence (OSINT) and signals ...

The directive presents revisions to the Record of Decision (ROD) delegation procedures designed to streamline the process of delegation of remedy selections to the Regions, and to achieve the FY '86 target of Regional Administrator signature on 90% of all...

IBACOS researched the constructability and viability issues of using high performance windows as one component of a larger approach to building houses that achieve the Building America 70% energy savings target.

... Using Low-End Wireless Micro-Sensors. ... Scheme for Media Access in Sensor Networks. ... A Wireless Sensor Network for Structural Monitoring. ...

blink against a nonblinking background. Several optimizing conditions for ... achieved by making the target appear to blink against a nonblinking star back ...

... period, the Isis effort has achieved a major milestone in its effort to redesign and reimplement the Isis system using Mach and Chorus as target ...

... report period, the Isis effort has achieved steady progress in its effort to redesign and reimplement the Isis system using M .ch and Chorus as target ...